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Hedley Bull was one of the most important figures in the academic study of international relations. Although his work ranged widely, one simple but powerful idea constantly recurs: that sovereign states form among themselves a society and that this society must be understood on its own terms. The end of the Cold War and developments within international relations theory have once again thrown the social dimension of world politics into sharp relief. Although many have read Hedley Bull's The Anarchical Society, few are familiar with the breadth and range of his writing. This collection brings together Bull's most important work on international society, illustrating the richness and analytical rigour of his thought, and its evolution over time. The volume includes a comprehensive introduction which examines Bull's conception of international society, its relationship to contemporary theories of world politics, and its continued relevance to our understanding of the post-Cold War world.

Reciprocity is a pervasive type of social interaction in encounters, groups and organizations. This volume gathers basic recent works in its main domains such as the theory of reciprocity, the public economics of transfers, the economics of the family, charities, gifts of organs, or the motivations for gift-giving. The book constitutes a landmark in this rapidly expanding field of research.

This ambitious collection offers an innovative look at crosscultural theatrical exchanges. Overturning the argument that Western culture has been imposed on subject cultures in favor of the paradigm of exchange, East of West examines the rich intersection of East and West in film, television shows, stage plays, and operas from a range of countries. The essays show how the East not only has resisted the cultural imperialism of the West but has transformed Western culture into local tradition at the same time as Western performances have poached images, themes, and characters from the East. The essays provide a lively glimpse of creative hybridization and crosscultural adaptation, as East meets West on the world s stages.

Lawrence Driscoll's fresh examination of the meaning of drugs from the Victorians to the present asks us to listen to historical and current voices whose positions on drugs are at variance with our'truths.'Driscoll draws on the work of figures as diverse as William Burroughs, Sigmund Freud, Conan Doyle, and Anna Kavan to shed light on different or silenced ways of talking about drugs and to offer us a historical counter-memory. The result of his work is to unsettle and disturb the familiar parameters that frame our discussion of drugs, revealing that others are available: positions which expose our own constructions as surprisingly limited.

Ranging from the early modern period to the present day, this edited collection uses biography as a window into the history of the Arab-Islamic Middle East. The contributors reinterpret the lives of the famous such as George Antonius and Doria Shafiq and rediscover the lives of individuals previously consigned to the margins of history, including the notorious individuals of 17th-century Syria and the 20th-century Palestinian activist Kulthum Auda. The book also draws on the biographical tradition of Arab historical writing, including biographical dictionaries, for an understanding of the region s social and cultural history. Interdisciplinary in scope and theoretically informed, this volume brings to light individual lives which are essential to an understanding of Middle Eastern history.

Five African specialists examine Africa's five regions regarding changes in U.S.-Africa relations as a consequence of the demise of the global Cold War. The separate chapters review Africa's five regions, as well as provide prospects for U.S. relations with Africa in a climate without soviet strategic competition.

This collection of essays was conceived as part of the centenary celebrations of the first publication in 1896 of one of the most popular collections of poetry ever written - A Shropshire Lad - a collection never out of print in a hundred years. Yet Housman was a recluse, an austere classicist of great renown who devoted his academic life to the correction of ancient texts. He filled his poems with the lives, loves, and deaths of simple country people whose emotions are intense and often violent, but lived his own life in stoic acceptance of his loveless, arid existence. Why his life should have been so intentionally empty of emotion raises questions about Housman's own sexuality and the relationship he had with his friend Moses Jackson and Jackson's brother Afalbert. Housman's poetry, like his life, is deceptively simple: this volume shows some of the complex currents below the surface.

Democracy, Authoritarianism and Education reviews the most recently published empirical research findings on these subjects as well as results from a survey of the attitudes of 10,000 college and university students in 44 counteries towards authority, democracy, nationalism, militarism, internationalism and educational policy choices. One interesting finding is that (cross-nationally) higher authoritarianism levels translate into lower scores on democratic attitudes and internationalism, higher nationalism and militarism scores, and support for more conservative and provincial (and monocultural) educational policy options.

Small islands often enjoy a distinct juridical personality. Many, whether fully sovereign or not, successfully deploy this'gift of jurisdiction'to economic advantage, offsetting the potentially adverse effects of smallness, isolation and peripherality. These legal powers, reflected in supportive policy and culture, are themselves key economic resources in a development strategy. Globalization can be richly asymmetrical, offering lucrative opportunities for differentiation and nice strategies for small island jurisdictions. This book documents such lessons from a most unlikely group of North Atlantic Islands.

This book seeks to raise the profile of economic perspectives on crime and criminal justice. It includes exemplars and original contributions, welded into a coherent whole by commentaries on each chapter and annotated further readings. It includes sections concerning the economic analysis of crime and punishment crime and the labor market and modeling the system-wide costs of criminal justice policies.

Science fiction has recently been identified as providing the narrative paradigm for postmodernity. This volume of essays combines theoretical discussions of the nature of science fiction, with specific studies of utopian and dystopian narratives. Alongside of this, the essays here address feminist and African American issues, the envisioning of radical alternative realities and futures, cyborgs, cyberpunk and cyber-space, age and aging, hybridity and monstrosity, and contemporary society and the postmodern condition.

In the hands of many of the great writers, the unravelling of mystery is only one strand within a complex project. Other things get unravelled, too - the belief in a rationally explicable world, in the beneficent, ordering force of culture and civilization. Constantly the detective story delights in muddying the waters, in acknowledging the omnipresent possibilities of anarchy and carnage. As a genre, it is supremely able to combine popular appeal with the ability to disturb, provoke and challenge the reader. The essays in this volume all pay tribute to, and seek to account for, the astonishing durability of the detective story as a narrative genre. They range generously, taking a variety of theoretical approaches and including detective fiction in languages other than English, but particular attention is paid to the'Golden Age'of English detective story-writing and to the'hard-boiled'American version of the genre. This is a collection that will appeal to the scholar and to the devotee alike; to all those, in fact, who cannot resist the lure of finding out whodunit.

Although African ethnicity has become a highly fertile field of enquiry in recent years, most of the research is concentrated on southern and central Africa, and has passed Ghana by. This volume extends many of the distilled insights, but also modifies them in the light of the Ghanaian evidence. The collection is multidisciplinary in scope and spans the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial contexts. A central contention of the volume is that, while there were significant regional variations, ethnicity was not purely a colonial `invention'. The boundaries of `we-groups'have constantly mutated from pre-colonial times, while European categorization owed much to indigenous ways of seeing. The contributors explore the role of European administrators and recruitment officers as well as African cultural brokers in shaping new identities. The interaction of gender and ethnic consciousness is explicitly addressed. The volume also examines the formulation of the national question in Ghana today - in debates over language policy and conflicts over land and chieftaincy.

This book offers an authoritative study of election observation in Africa and its relation with democratization processes. Election observation is a hotly debated issue in contemporary international relations and in political science. It is seen by donor- countries and the international community as a means to enhance democratization, but has been controversial with regard to the `mandates'of the observers, the cases of its misappropriation by authoritarian governments and its masking of other donor-country interests. The book addresses fundamental issues of elections and democrat-ization in Africa, evaluation policies and implementation, as well as the historical backgrounds. A range of case studies leads to new interpretations, which challenge previous empiricist accounts of election observation in Africa. Greater attention to historical and cultural context is required than has been present in previous, somewhat prescriptive accounts. An interdisciplinary approach gives fair coverage of the historical, political and cultural issues involved in elections and election observation in Africa. Key examples of the interface between election observation and democratization processes in various important countries in Africa are presented, linking an analysis of policies and practice. The book contributes to topical debates on the dilemmas and challenges of'good governance'and on the varieties of democracy as a global phenomenon.

More has been written about the Beatles than any other performing artists of the twentieth century. Accounts of their lives and times have been retold, reproduced and reinvented to the extent that their achievements have passed into contemporary folklore and popular mythology. What has been surprisingly absent, however, is any sustained critical investigation of the numerous debates and issues the group provoked. This book provides that long overdue analysis, by seeking to present the academic study of the Beatles in its appropriate contexts - historical, political, musical and sociological. Consisting entirely of newly commissioned articles and written by an international group of scholars, its contents challenge many of the traditional assumptions about the Beatles and offer fresh and provocative insights into the nature of their success and its continuing influence. It is essential reading for those wishing to understand not only the phenomenon of the Beatles but also the cultural environment within which popular music continues to be practised and studied.

This definitive, annotated edition of Maggie is based on Crane's original 1893 text and provides instructors with everything they need to teach the work in its historical and cultural context. Over 175 pages of documents are organized into thematic units on late-nineteenth and turn of the century American society to give the reader a context for Maggie. The various chapters in this edition cover topics such as tenement life; shops, saloons, concert-halls; working women from the perspectives of others; working women tell their own stories; prostitution; realism; and slum fiction.

This 12 country comparative volume examines the impact of economic structural adjustment programs upon grassroots civil associations and the implications for political liberalization and democratization in the developing countries of Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The authors take an in-depth look at the impact of economic reform upon women's groups, human rights organizations, social-welfare non-governmental organizations, unions, and business associations. They challenge the prevailing assumption that economic reform will automatically lead to greater democratization.

A new series of easy-to-digest profiles on individual countries and regions, featuring everything you'll ever need to know about the places, people and practices of each country. The series will continue with eight further titles to launch in Spring/Autumn 2000, on Scandinavia, Southern Africa, and Central Europe.

Combining documents with an interpretive essay, this book is the first to offer a much-needed guide to the emergence of the women's rights movement within the anti-slavery activism of the 1830s. A 60-page introductory essay traces the cause of women's rights from Angelina and Sarah Grimké's campaign against slavery through the development of a full-fledged women's rights movement in the 1840s and 1850s. A rich collection of over 50 documents includes diary entries, letters, and speeches from the Grimkés, Maria Stewart, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Theodore Weld, Frances Harper, Sojourner Truth, and others.

Wars in the post-Cold War era are overwhelmingly internal or civil wars. Civilians, mostly women, children, and the elderly, make up over ninety percent of the casualties in these wars. This statistic has convinced the world's premier war-relief organization, the Swiss-based International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), to take on a new mission: to make these wars dysfunctional and to end them. Berry reveals how this mission remains unpublicized and unsaid, due to the effect which many fear it would have on the ICRC's traditional purpose of providing war relief. Exposing the ICRC's intricate and ambitious strategy, Berry shows how it was put into operation in the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, the Sudan, Aghanistan, and Guatemala. The book reveals that a major non-governmental organization, while proclaiming to be non-political, has a huge political agenda.

Eric Roman is the first scholar to be granted access to the vast, heretofore closed, archive of documents relating to the communist era in Hungary. This archive included the files of the Hungarian Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party and the Hungarian Socialist Worker's Party, as well as minutes of political committee meetings, private correspondence, secret papers and confidential reports on special commissions within Hungary. Skilfully using all this material, Eric Roman weaves a fascinating portrait of Hungary in the post-war period. As the country began to reconstruct itself after the War, Roman shows the toll taken by poverty and racial discord. In what amounts to the only complete English-language account of Hungary's diplomatic policy, Hungary and the Victor Powers takes an in-depth look at Hungary's relationship with those countries nearest to it, especially the former Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. Eric Roman's Hungary and the Victor Powers, 1945-1950 is a compelling work of history that is destined to be one of the most important books on the topic.

Policy-makers in Pittsburgh, Birmingham and Rotterdam are confronted with rapidly changing social and economic environments. Public- and private-sector organizations in the three cities are increasingly addressing regional issues strategically, and are joining together in partnerships to promote competitiveness and economic growth. This book covers the complexities of modern governance under such circumstances, the diversity and patterning of public-private partnerships and networks, and the changing economic development strategies of city governments and organizations.

This volume brings together essays by specialists in different disciplines on the cultural expression of apocalypse, in particular in anglophone science fiction of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Approaching these works from historical, philosophical, linguistic and literary perspectives, the contributors examine the relationship between secular and spiritual apocalypse, connecting the fiction and films to their historical moment. Not surprisingly, war recurs throughout this material, as a critical turning-point, fulfilment of prophecy, or prelude to a new age. In particular the essays explore the issue of whether modern apocalypse is seen as an ending or a beginning, considered under its political, ethnic and gendered aspects. Among the writers covered are H. G. Wells, Olaf Stapledon and such contemporary figures as Michael Moorcock, J. G. Ballard and Storm Constantine.

This book is aimed at providing a framework for African issues in the 21st century. Apart from its African-centered approach, it argues that previously marginalized areas of research require in-depth study. It also introduces new areas of interest absent in existing works. The book pays particular attention to the relative success of African countries and regions in their attempt to find solutions to Africa's problems and the changing role in African states in international relations.

Contributors from diverse disciplinary, ideological, and theoretical perspectives, examine the multiple aspects and dimensions of globalization. By employing a variety of methodological approaches, the authors provide insights into the role of numerous agents in furthering the process and project of present and future globalization(s), as manifested in economic, political and cultural domains. Furthermore, they address the impacts of globalization in nation-states, emancipatory feminist and environmental movements, and migrant communities, as well as identify their participation in and opposition to the phenomena of globalization.

The book contains contributions of scholars from Canada, Greece, Israel, Italy, and the United States. Section 1 consists of studies on historical and security issues, with contributions on the historical background of Greco-Turkish relations, British perspectives on these relations after World War II, the role of NATO, Greece's defense strategy, and the balance of power between Greece and Turkey. Section 2 addresses law of the sea and governance issues, and includes studies on Greece and the law of the sea, maritime boundaries in the Mediterranean, the Imia Rocks crisis, human security and governance, fisheries management, water resources management, joint development zones, and dispute settlement in the law of the sea.

The Return to Europe examines the ability of the Central and South-east European economies to withstand competitive pressures on entry to the EU. These economies are still experiencing major structural problems inherited from communism. A major gap still exists between the income levels and economic structures of the accession states and the existing members of the EU. Trade relations largely involve the exchange of labour-intensive goods produced in Eastern Europe for technology-intensive goods produced in the EU. The export structures of some Central European economies which have attracted foreign direct investment is improving. Romania and Bulgaria have become increasingly dependent on export of labour-intensive goods since the collapse of communism. Will this create a permanent division of labour in an enlarged EU in which some regions of Europe fail to attract investment and become dependent on the export of low-wage goods, with implications for European security?

International Perspectives on Gender and Democratization brings together the experience of women's democratic movements in different countries and regions, North and South, and assesses how different discourses of democracy have been used by women's groups to assert women's rights. Sensitive to particular histories, ideologies, and cultural contexts, the contributors assess the strengths and the problems facing women's democratic movements as they consolidate their gains and face new challenges.

This is a lively study of the autobiographical instinct in a variety of 16th and 17th century modes of writing in English, from letters and memoirs to pastoral, polemic and street ballads. The book's central concern is how'selves'are'betrayed'in texts, particularly in the centuries before the autobiography was a recognized genre. It suggests that self-representation in the early modern period was often indirect, emerging in oblique and surprising ways.

Regeneration and peacebuilding in war-torn societies is a fast-growing area of interest in world politics. The book is an original and timely contribution to the study of post-conflict transition through an examination of various aspects of regeneration and detailed analysis of examples of intent. Four issues are highlighted in particular: - the legacies of modern conflict in the transitions to relative peace - the question of ownership and accountability in the interactions between internal and external actors - the need for coherent responses to regeneration - the importance of case-specific approaches. The book's purpose is to encourage students, policy-makers and practitioners (in governments, intergovernmental organisations, international and local non-governmental organisations) to understand and reflect on processes designed to promote social stability and relative peace - and to re-examine the nature of the tasks they confront and their responses. The authors represent perspectives from law, political economy, social work, development studies, anthropology and international relations.

Speaking truth to power demands diplomatic skills. This book looks at the way advice, which is needed by all executives, is provided to the summit of government in twelve advanced industrialized countries (Australia, Belgium, Britain, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, Sweden, and the US). It examines the increasing pressures for centralization as core executives confront the differentiation and pluralization of government and the interplay of constitutional, political, and institutional factors.

This interdisciplinary and international collection explores the role of the arts in shaping contemporary religion and politics. The authors ask about the future of viable communities and democratic cultures in a postmodern world, looking for clues in artistic practices and institutions and their impact on how people create history and interpret texts. The collection shows that the arts are central to struggles over the shape of society in the new millennium.

This book examines Irish, Basque, and Carlist nationalism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The first chapter covers definitions of the nation and nationalism, the relationship of both to politics and ideology, and an overview of the inception and evolution of nationalism in Western Europe. The following chapter explores case studies through providing historical background of the relevant regions of the UK and Spain and discussing the respective movements and their ideological development. The final chapter deals with comparisons of the case-studies and categorizes variants of nationalism in the liberal states of Europe.

Focusing primarily on visual forms of representation, but also including material on literary representation, this volume brings together studies as apparently disparate as the iconography of power in Mediterranean prehistory and clothing and cultural meaning in the First and Second World Wars. What draws these chapters together is the common focus on how the scholar of the twenty-first century can pursue the interpretation of past representational cultural production from a gendered perspective. The fruit of research by academics from the fields of archaeology, classics and ancient history, art history and social history, and from both sides of the Atlantic, this volume is a fascinating introduction to a developing field.

The relations of culture and politics in Latin America have been transformed in recent decades. Cultural Politics in Latin America offers unprecedented insights into this process, with contributions from leading intellectuals and academics working in and outside the region. Chapters range across fields as diverse as music and anthropology, sociology and cultural memory, politics and (post)modern theorizing, economics, communications and cultural globalization, poetry, narrative and drama, and all are contextualized in the extended Introduction in Latin America.

The creation and management of knowledge has become a central concern to business and management, both as a source of value and as an opportunity to achieve and sustain competitive advantage. This new book brings together leading thinkers in the area of knowledge and innovation management in a state of the art collection of studies in this field.

Recent events such as the massacres in Dunblane and Arkansas, the deaths of children in terrorist attacks, civil wars and famines, children born with AIDS, and the many abductions and murders of children - including some by children - have placed childhood death firmly in the public consciousness. But how do we understand what it means for a child to die? This book examines the way the deaths of children have been dealt with at different times and in different media. Each contributor has focused on a different way of representing the deaths of children - from superstitions about malign child ghosts through mothers'diaries to horror fiction - and more.

In mid-1997, a major crisis embraced the economies of Southeast Asia. Its effects were severe, particularly on the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, many of whose currencies suffered market devaluations. This volume addresses the causes of the crisis and its ramifications for both trade and investment between the European Union and ASEAN at the turn of the century.

Lambda literary award finalist, Same-Sex Love in India presents a stunning array of writings on same-sex love from over 2000 years of Indian literature. Translated from more than a dozen languages and drawn from Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, and modern fictional traditions, these writings testify to the presence of same-sex love in various forms since ancient times, without overt persecution. This collection defies both stereotypes of Indian culture and Foucault's definition of homosexuality as a 19th-century invention, uncovering instead complex discourses of Indian homosexuality, rich metaphorical traditions to represent it, and the use of names and terms as early as medieval times to distinguish same-sex from cross-sex love. An eminent group of scholars have translated these writings for the first time or have re-translated well-known texts to correctly make evident previously underplayed homoerotic content. Selections range from religious books, legal and erotic treatises, story cycles,medieval histories and biographies, modern novels, short stories, letters, memoirs, plays and poems. From the Rigveda to Vikram Seth, this anthology will become a staple in courses on gender and queer studies, Asian studies, and world literature.

In Activists Speak Out, a group of fifteen American activists speak candidly about how and why they struggle for change. Their causes and strategies vary - in the areas of civil rights, gay and lesbian rights, the environment, women's issues, health, youth, education, labor, freedom of expression and the arts. But the lessons learned resonate across geographic and ideological boundaries. Whether working as grass-roots organizers or corporate insiders, in cities or in rural areas, the through-line of their observations is constant: Change is slow, and may take shape in unexpected ways. Small victories count. And, whatever the initial motivation to become engaged in the struggle for change - anger, compassion, frustration - the very process of engagement is itself transformative. You cross that line, and nothing is ever the same.

In Queering the Moderns, Anne Herrmann revisits the narrative of literary modernism and the historical uses of the term'queer'to explore the emergence of identities specific to modernism.'Queer'in the modernist period (1910-1945) means'strange, odd, out of sorts'and although it begins to refer to those who are queer sexually, it does not yet police a hetero-homosexual divide. It means crossing boundaries in unexpected directions, across the Atlantic, across the color line, across literary conventions that dictate autobiographies can't be written by someone else. Six memoirs that rely on cross-gender and cross-racial identifications are discussed within their specific cultural contexts so that female aviators (Amelia Earhart and Beryl Markham),'lesbian'auto/biographers (Virginia Woolf and Gertrude Stein) and male auto-ethnographers (James Weldon Johnson and Earl Lind - Ralph Werther) begin to'queer'the traditional spaces of modernism.

The Double Voice reassesses the notions of gender which have been used to analyze Renaissance literature. Rather than assuming that men and women write differently because of background, education, and culture, it tries to unsettle the connections between the sex of the author and the constructions of gender in texts, and to reconsider the prevalent determinist model of reading which tends to consign women writers to the private, domestic sphere and to render male negotiations of gender invisible and transparent.

When 51 nations gathered in 1945 to witness the birth of the United Nations, international business groups urged governments to ratify the UN Charter without delay. During the following 55 years, UN and business leaders dismissed each other when they were not engaging in a war of words. This book examines why the global order of the 21st century demands a new partnership between the UN and business. If the UN fails to engage the business community, it is likely to become irrelevant. If global corporations y refuse to support the UN, they will face a closing world with disastrous consequences for the prosperity of all. The UN and business are bound to work together, and indeed they are.

Eric Wilson reveals a neglected yet powerful current in several major Romantic figures: the affirmation of - not escape from - turbulence. Romantic Turbulence unearths the chaotic undercurrents of European Romanticism found in Goethe s science and Schelling s philosophy, and demonstrates how these tendencies agitate the texts of Emerson, Fuller, Melville, Thoreau, and Whitman. These writers see the universe not as a reflection of transcendent harmony or a system of predictable laws but rather as a convergence of chaos and order, a polarized field. Detailing this undulatory cosmos, Wilson shows how these American Romantics participate in its unsettling rhythms by practicing an ecological poetics, translating the energies of their habitat into living compositions.

At the peak of his career, after having established himself as an accomplished writer, astute moraliste, and the foremost spokesperson of his generation for personal freedom and self-realization, Gide became aware, first, that his particular brand of bourgeois individualism was becoming increasingly irrelevant in the contemporary world and, second, that social commitment and even revolution could serve as a powerful source of inspiration and self-renewal. Over a ten-year period that began in the 1920s and ended with his public break with the Soviet Union in 1936, Gide the committed intellectual interacted with society in ways that were for him unprecedented. These essays examine the outcomes of Gide s evolving commitment to a host of controversial issues ranging from the sexual to the political, from the literary to the social.

This book offers a biography of the most glamorous and powerful NATO Supreme Commander of the Cold War, General Lauris Norstad, as both a'nuclear'general and an'international'general. His primary goal was to keep the Alliance together as he accommodated British and French nuclear ambitions while forestalling the same in West Germany. He also was at the center of the political/military maneuverings over Berlin and the Soviet attempt to blackmail the West into recognizing East Germany, all of which culminated in the building of the infamous'Wall.'

Darrell West argues against prevailing wisdom that the media has increased in influence in the past decade. Covering over 200 years of American history, beginning in colonial America and ending with the present day, The Rise and Fall of the Media Establishment provides an overview of the media in various key stages of American History, paying particular attention to the rise and fall in influence of the media elite. West organizes the book into five distinct media eras: the Partisan, Commercial, Objective, Interpretive, and Fragmented Media. Each chapter, organized around these media eras, includes case studies that illustrate the theme of that chapter. Ideal for the general reader as well as the academic, The Rise and Fall of the Media Establishment offers an accessible, engaging book with a challenging thesis.

Gertrude Stein, as a college student at Radcliffe and a medical student at Johns Hopkins Medical School, was a privileged woman, but she was surrounded by women who were trapped by poverty, class, and race into lives that offered little choice. Her portraits of Anna and Lena are examples of realistic depictions of immigrant women who had no occupational choice but to become domestic workers. This collection of documents from the history of women's suffrage, medical history, modernist art, and literature enables readers to see how radical Stein's subject was.