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A deep and timely account of how American newspapers were produced and distributed on paper.Winner of the Best Book in Canadian Business History by the Canadian Business History AssociationPopular assessments of printed newspapers have become so grim that some have taken to calling them “dead tree media” as a way of invoking the medium's imminent demise. There is a literal truth hidden in this dismissive expression: printed newspapers really are material goods made from trees. And, throughout the twentieth century, the overwhelming majority of trees cut down in the service of printing newspapers in the United States came from Canada. In Dead Tree Media, Michael Stamm reveals the international history of the commodity chains connecting Canadian trees and US readers. Drawing on newly available corporate documents and research in archives across North America, Stamm offers a sophisticated rethinking of the material history of the printed newspaper. Tracing its industrial production from the forest to the newsstand, he provides an account of the obscure and often hidden labor involved in this manufacturing process by showing how it was driven by not only publishers and journalists but also lumberjacks, paper mill workers, policymakers, chemists, and urban and regional planners. Stamm describes the 1911 shift in tariff policy that gave US publishers duty-free access to Canadian newsprint, providing a tremendous boost to Canadian paper manufacturers and a significant subsidy to American newspaper publishers. He also explains how Canada attracted massive American foreign investment in paper mills around the same time that US publishers were able to gain greater access to Canada's vast spruce forests. Focusing particularly on the Chicago Tribune, Stamm provides a new history of the rise and fall of both the mass circulation printed newspaper and the particular kind of corporation in the newspaper business that had shaped many aspects of the cultural, political, and even physical landscape of North America. For those seeking to understand the travails of the contemporary newspaper business, Dead Tree Media is essential reading.

Natural resources are vital for meeting the food, livelihood and environmental security. It is now widely accepted that future of food, livelihood and environmental security depends upon the attention paid to conservation, sustainable development and management of natural resources. Research carried out over the last five decades have clearly demonstrated that resource conserving technological interventions, water harvesting and improved cultivation practices have the potential to improve utilization of natural resources and significantly enhance crop productivity in the country. The present book contains selected papers presented in FFCSWR-2014 and is compilation of various topical issues on the prime concerns of natural resource conservation in arable and non-arable lands, soil-water resource development and conservation, diversification of crops and farming systems, management of various ecosystems, people's participation, livelihoods, socio-economic development, success stormiest. The selected papers are contributed by scientists, officers, scholars having wide experience in the field of natural resource management with reference to northern India and other states having common interests and implications for the regional development. The book is organized in 5 sections: Natural Resource Conservation Technologies, Water Resource Development and Improved Irrigation Systems, Alternate Land Use Systems, Participatory Watershed Management Programs and Success Stories and Brief Proceedings and Recommendations of the FFCSWR 2014. We hope, the book will be of immense importance for scientists, teachers, scholars, policy makers and extension agencies working in the area of natural resource conservation and management.

Natural Resources in European History pulls together several papers from the Bellagio Conference on Natural Resources and Economic Development which took place in 1977. Originally published in 1978, this report focuses on papers exploring the history of natural resources in Continental Europe presenting research on how resources were traded, collected and depleted between the fifteenth and nineteenth century. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies or with an interest in Environmental History.

Containing papers presented seventh international conference on the topic, this book Reviews the advances have been made in the development and application of software tools for predicting the flow, water quality, sediment transport and ecological processes in river systems. Organised by the Wessex Institute of Technology, the biennial conference was first held in 2001. The papers presented at the Conference address Water resources management; Flood risk management; Ecological and environmental impact; Erosion and sediment transport; Hydrological modelling; Sustainable rivers; Rivers and tourism; River restoration and rehabilitation; Hydropower impacts and solutions; River and watershed management; Integrated management; Water quality issues; Eutrophication and agricultural Pollution; Trans-boundary river issues; Estuaries, deltas and lagoons; Changing climate and adaptive water Management; Droughts and desertification; Wetlands; Water and health; Socio-economic and political issues; Water governance and water justice.

Containing papers presented at the Ninth International Conference in the well-established conference series on Ecosystems and Sustainable Development, this book originates from the work of the late Nobel laureate, Ilya Prigogine, and challenges us to develop the new science of “ecodynamics,” integrating thermodynamics, ecology and economics. It covers not only novel research related to ecological problems from all over the world, but also new emergent ideas arising from the cross fertilisation of different disciplines, including evolutionary thermodynamics and biodiversity, structures in ecosystems modelling and landscapes, mathematical models and eco-informatics, to mention but a few. The papers in the book cover such topics as: Ecosystems modelling; Natural resources management; Environmental indicators and measurements; Sustainable development and planning; Data mining applications; Energy and the environment; Soil contamination and recovery; Water resources issues; Waste management; Ecotoxicity; Ecosystems maintenance; Ecosystems and climate change; Environmental economics and benefit analysis; Recovery of damaged areas; Socio-economic areas; Environmental management; Policies and regulations; Protection and mitigation; Knowledge dissemination and internet applications; Ecological services; Innovation in ecosystems management; Landscape development and management.

This book contains the proceedings of the third in a now-biennial series of conferences organised by the Wessex Institute of Technology around the urgent need to determine solutions regarding sustainable development before our planet reaches a point of irreversibility. The aggressive search for new sources of energy and materials, the rapid rate at which natural resources are being consumed, and the destructiveness of the resulting pollution are all having a negative impact on the planet that needs to be stopped, if not reversed. The transdisciplinary papers in this book, presented at the Third International Conference on Management of Natural Resources of Natural Resources, Sustainable Development, and Ecological Hazards, suggest constructive principles and policies for a way forward. The papers examine ethical, political and social issues, health, safety and risk, lessons from nature, planning and development, and new technologies.

Contains most of the papers presented at the Fifth International Conference on Sustainable Development and Planning, held on the Wessex Institute of Technology's New Forest campus, July 12-14, 2011. The papers address the subjects of planning and regional development in an integrated way and in accordance with the principles of sustainability. They address a need that has become increasingly apparent—for planners, environmentalists, architects, engineers, policy makers and economists to work together in order to ensure that planning and development can meet our present needs without compromising the ability of future generations. Topics covered include City Planning, Regional Planning, Sustainability in the Built Environment, Rural Deveopments, Ecosystems analysis, protection and remediation, Environmental Management, Sustainable Solutions in Developing Countries, Waste Management, Flood Risk Management, Resources Management and Industrial Developments; thereby providing a forum for all scientists specialising in the range of subjects included within sustainable development and planning.

Our current civilisation has fallen into a self-destructive process by which natural resources are consumed at an increasing rate. This process has now spread across the planet in search of further sources of energy and materials. The aggressiveness of this quest is such that the future of our planet is in the balance. The process is compounded by the pernicious effects of the resulting pollution. This book contains papers presented at the second International conference on the Management of Natural Resources, Sustainable Development and Ecological Hazards, which was held in Western Cape, South Africa. The conference discussed the objective of reaching sustainability in the framework of all different disciplines in order to arrive at optimal solutions. Hence, the meeting was essentially transdisciplinary in order to find appropriate sustainable solutions, i.e. those involving collaboration across a wide range of disciplines. The aim of the conference was to take stock of our situation and try to facilitate constructive principles and policies for a way forward. This book contains papers on the following topics: Development issues; Environmental issues; Changing climates; Transborder strategies; Air quality; Energy; Aquifer studies; Selected South African Water Issues.

This book is a collection of current research work on the economic and social impacts of, and policy responses to, global change mainly in the southern United States. This work primarily represents papers presented at the 2007 Southern Forest Economics Workshop in San Antonio, Texas. Several of these papers have been published in journals and are reprinted here with permission. The book covers a variety of changes including climate change, land use change, globalization, and other forces as they relate to forestry. These papers address broad aspects of impacts and responses, including those of markets, forest resource management, forest landowners, and consumers. Though the book focuses on the southern United States--an important player in the domestic and global forest products markets and forest ecosystems, the issues addressed here well reflect those facing many other parts of the world. Hence, the research approaches and findings presented here have useful implications for forest resource management and forest products markets beyond the region.

A collection of papers evolved from a panel on gender, environment, and natural resource management at the EU-Asia Link Project's International Conference on Gender, Globalization, and Public Policy at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Thailand in May 2004, with some chapters substantially revised versions of papers presented there and others contributed subsequent to the conference.

This book contains most of the papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Evaluation, Monitoring, Simulation, Management and Remediation of the Geological Environment and Landscape held in The New Forest, Ashurst Lodge, UK, in June 2008, organised by the Wessex Institute of Technology, UK, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain, University of Tartu, Estonia, and sponsored by the WIT Transactions on the Built Environment. This volume brings together international information, experience and research in order to give the reader a greater knowledge and ability to help their communities to develop in a sustainable way. It discusses some of the problems facing the public and private sectors and the engineering and scientific communities. It studies several aspects of environmental pollution, modelling, and monitoring, soil and rock properties, vulnerability studies, ecosystem remediation, climatological processes and hydrological studies, geo-ecology and landscape analysis, geo-environment in urban settings, natural hazards and risks, remote sensing of the environment, environmental planning and management, and restoration of ecosystems. The papers published in the book are grouped in the following sections: Remediation and Restoration; Environmental Modelling; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Hazards and Pollution; Landscape Analysis.

River Basin Management IV is the fourth of a successful series of international conferences. It took place on the Greek island of Kos, birthplace of Hippocrates, the father of Medicine. The papers presented there, are included in this volume. River basin management is a complex and interdisciplinary issue. It essentially includes river and groundwater flows, quantity and quality of water resources, water and soil interaction, droughts and floods; all these, in a frame of increasing and competing human demands, deterioration of natural resources, climate change, changing public views, attitudes and awareness of environmental problems, new national and international legislation and ever increasing scientific knowledge. The complexity of river basin management is reflected in the content of this volume. It includes papers on: water resources management, river and watershed management, hydraulics and hydrology, hydrological modelling, flood studies, sediment transport, stream bank erosion & protection measures, Ecological & environmental impacts and water quality issues.

This book focuses on the problems facing the public and private sectors and the engineering and scientific communities in terms of the decrease of available new land for development purposes. Given the economic and social benefits of brownfields redevelopment, there is a need for guidance on processes that ensure the acceptability and therefore viability of such redevelopment. The preparation of the guidance requires further research as well as the sharing of information, lessons and experience among experts in this field. Featuring papers from the Third International Conference on Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development of Brownfield Sites, the text will be vital to practitioners and businessmen in industry and commerce as well as those in research organisations interested in the problems facing the prevention, assessment, rehabilitation and development of brownfields. The papers published in the book are grouped into the following sections: Development issues; Environmental assessment; Risk assessment and management; Cleanup methodologies; Case studies; Community and public involvement; Lessons from the field; Modelling and assessment; Monitoring of contaminated sites.

The European Forest Sector Outlook Study presents long term trends for supply and demand of forest products (roundwood, sawnwood, panels, pulp, paper, non-wood products) and services and outlook to 2020, in western and eastern Europe and four major CIS countries, including Russia. It reviews trends for the forest resource, trade, markets and recycling. It stresses the future shift in the balance of the sector to the east, and the importance of cross-sectoral issues, notably consequences for the forest sector of energy, environment and trade policies, which are examined in some detail. The study is based on a major collaborative effort by experts in the countries covered by the study, under the auspices of the UNECE Timber Committee and the FAO European Forestry Commission. The study identifies a number of major policy issues and proposes some policy recommendations, as a basis for future debate.

2023 Choice Outstanding Academic Title The story of water in the United States is one of ecosystemic disruption and social injustice. From the Standing Rock Indian Reservation and Flint, Michigan, to the Appalachian coal and gas fields and the Gulf Coast, low-income communities, Indigenous communities, and communities of color face the disproportionate effects of floods, droughts, sea level rise, and water contamination. In Hydronarratives Matthew S. Henry examines cultural representations that imagine a just transition, a concept rooted in the U.S. labor and environmental justice movements to describe an alternative economic paradigm predicated on sustainability, economic and social equity, and climate resilience. Focused on regions of water insecurity, from central Arizona to central Appalachia, Henry explores how writers, artists, and activists have creatively responded to intensifying water crises in the United States and argues that narrative and storytelling are critical to environmental and social justice advocacy. By drawing on a wide and comprehensive range of narrative texts, historical documentation, policy papers, and literary and cultural scholarship, Henry presents a timely project that examines the social movement, just transition, and the logic of the Green New Deal, in addition to contemporary visions of environmental justice.

Recent Advances in Freshwater Crustacean Biodiversity and Conservation focuses on minor crustacean groups and regionally endemic groups, all from freshwaters. Chapters in this book cover crustaceans such as Maxillopods, Mysids, Cumaceans, Isopods, Amphipods, Branchiopods, Copepods, and Decapods. Each looks at global or regional fauna and discusses conservation issues for that group. The majority of the chapters are based on papers presented at symposia organized by the editors at two international scientific meetings held in Barcelona and Washington DC. The contributors are world-renowned experts on their groups, as well as on freshwater crustacean conservation and biodiversity at global levels. It has previously been difficult for conservation managers, NGOs, and university professors and students who may not have access to comprehensive journal subscriptions to find relevant information on diversity and conservation of freshwater crustaceans. This book meets that need, addressing crustacean groups not previously treated and providing additional information beyond any presented in existing books. As the editors write in their introduction: we cannot conserve and we cannot protect what we do not know exists.This is a reliable, cutting-edge reference for anybody involved in crustacean research: students, researchers, agencies, and NGOs, as well as science educators, conservationists, and government conservation policymakers. The book will also be useful for those working in aquaculture and fisheries, given that many of the taxa discussed are economically important.

How should we evaluate the ethics of procreation, especially the environmental consequences of reproductive decisions on future generations, in a resource-constrained world? While demographers, moral philosophers, and environmental scientists have separately discussed the implications of population size for sustainability, no one has attempted to synthesize the concerns and values of these approaches. The culmination of a half century of engagement with population ethics, Partha Dasgupta's masterful Time and the Generations blends economics, philosophy, and ecology to offer an original lens on the difficult topic of optimum global population.After offering careful attention to global inequality and the imbalance of power between men and women, Dasgupta provides tentative answers to two fundamental questions: What level of economic activity can our planet support over the long run, and what does the answer say about optimum population numbers? He develops a population ethics that can be used to evaluate our choices and guide our sense of a sustainable global population and living standards. Structured around a central essay from Dasgupta, the book also features a foreword from Robert Solow; correspondence with Kenneth Arrow; incisive commentaries from Joseph Stiglitz, Eric Maskin, and Scott Barrett; an extended response by the author to them; and a joint paper with Aisha Dasgupta on inequalities in reproductive decisions and the idea of reproductive rights. Taken together, Time and the Generations represents a fascinating dialogue between world-renowned economists on a central issue of our time.

The lumberjack – freewheeling, transient, independent – is the stuff of countless Canadian tales and legends. He is also something of a dinosaur, a creature of the past, replaced by a unionized worker in a highly mechanized and closely managed industry. In this far-ranging study of the logging industry in twentieth-century Ontario, Ian Radforth charters the course of its transition and the response of its workers to the changes. Among the factors he considers are technological development, changes in demography and the labour market, an emerging labour movement, new managerial strategies, the growth of a consumer society, and rising standards of living. Radforth has drawn on an impressive array of sources, including interviews and forestry student reports as well as a vast body of published sources such as The Labour Gazette, The Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada, and The Canada Lumberman, to shed new light on trade union organization and on the role of ethnic groups in the woods work force. The result is a richly detailed analysis of life on the job for logging workers during a period that saw the modernization not only of the work but of relations between the workers and the bosses.

Written by leading international authors, this book presents a comprehensive review of forests in mountain regions, and of their importance for sustainable development. The book has been prepared under the auspices of the IUFRO Task Force on Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development, for the IUFRO Congress held in August 2000. It addresses current issues and initiatives, in particular what is known about an issue or area, its importance, and priorities for future research and action. Key global topics are addressed in general articles, and many specific regional and local issues are described in shorter case studies. The book is relevant to those studying and researching in forestry, geography, development, and environmental and mountain studies. After a foreword (Linking mountain forests conservation with sustainable human development, Mishra, H.R.) the book is arranged in 10 main sections, each with separate papers, some with case studies following them: (1) Mountain forests: location, characteristics and trends, 7 papers, 1 large foldout map of the mountains, and the mountain forests of the world; (2) Mountain communities and their forests, 5 papers; (3) Interdependencies between mountain and lowland populations, 3 papers; (4) Perceiving and assuring the multiple functions of mountain forests, 5 papers; (5) Multiple functions from mountain forests I. Mountain forests: sources of wood, 4 papers; (6) Multiple functions from mountain forests II. Agroforestry and non-timber forest products, 4 papers; (7) Multiple functions from mountain forests III. Diverse societal benefits, 9 papers; (8) Legislation, policies and economic instruments, 4 papers; (9) Institutions for mountain forests, 5 papers; and (10) Research, implementation and communication, 4 papers. The references are all at the end of the book, and a subject index is included. All the papers are noticed separately (with the associated case studies listed) on the CAB ABSTRACTS database.

Papers presented at a World Bank conference in April 1998.

Food sovereignty is an emerging discourse of empowerment and autonomy in the food system with the development of associated practices in rural and some urban spaces. While literature on food sovereignty has proliferated since the first usage of the term in 1996 at the Rome Food Summit, most has been descriptive rather than explanatory in nature, and often confuses food sovereignty with other movements and objectives such as alternative food networks, food justice, or food self-sufficiency. This book is a collection of empirically rich and theoretically engaged papers across a broad geographical spectrum reflecting on what constitutes the politics and practices of food sovereignty. They contribute to a theoretical gap in the food sovereignty literature as well as a relative shortage of empirical work on food sovereignty in the global'North', much previous work having focussed on Latin America. Specific case studies are included from Canada, Norway, Switzerland, southern Europe, UK and USA, as well as Africa, India and Ecuador. The book presents new research on the emergence of food sovereignties. It offers a wide variety of empirical examples and a theoretically engaged framework for explaining the aims of actors and organizations working toward autonomy and democracy in the food system.

Africa is endowed with rich land and water resources, which significantly contribute to the development of many economies on the continent. However, land degradation and water pollution remain major challenges facing many African countries. Harnessing Land and Water Resources for Improved Food Security and Ecosystem Services in Africa examines challenges facing land and water resources management in Africa and explores possible measures to improve food security and reduce poverty on the continent. The book is a compilation of research papers, written by eminent researchers and scientists from renowned Universities and reputable organisations in Ghana, Ethiopia, USA, South Africa, Nigeria, the Netherlands and Indonesia. Its main objective is to draw attention to the impact of human activities on land and water resources and the need for the sustainable management of Africa's ecosystem services to improve livelihoods. The individual chapters present relevant case studies on the effects of water and land management practices including urban waste water uses, land grabbing and climate change issues, so as to draw lessons from best practices that can be adopted to mitigate their efforts on food security and the well-being of the African population. The monograph concludes with recommendations on the appropriate strategies for managing wastelands to meet Africa's green energy needs.

The chapters in this volume are peer reviewed editions of the papers presented at the 7th meeting of the Rosenberg International Forum on Water Policy which was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina on November 15-17, 2010. The theme for Forum VII was Water for the Americas: Challenges and Opportunities. This Forum was unique in examining the water problems of the Americas and identifying water management experience gleaned in other parts of the world that might be useful in addressing the problems of the Americas. The sessions illustrated how the water problems of the Americas are common problems, differing only in degree from basin to basin. There was unanimity among the participants about the need for all inhabitants of the Americas to work together to ensure that everyone has access to adequate quantities of healthy water supplies and to appropriate sanitation services. This volume's approach is to identify different responses and policies that address common issues and learn from contrasts and experiences. The value and potential that this approach affords is that it provides critical judgments about what has worked well and what needs to be done to gain a better future for the Americas'water resources and society. Some issues covered in the volume are so pressing and urgent, chief among them is serving the unserved, that any delays putting out new facilities in many a rural areas of Central America may cost lives and reduce the outlook for children. Additionally, the volume makes clear that the outlook for the poorest and the future of hundreds of growing cities are threatened by climate change. This book looks into the future by analyzing present and relevant data and gains insight from the different developmental stages of the hemisphere.

This synopsis covers evidence for the effects of conservation interventions for native farmland wildlife. It is restricted to evidence captured on the website www.conservationevidence.com. It includes papers published in the journal Conservation Evidence, evidence summarized on our database and systematic reviews collated by the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence. It is the thrid volume in the series Synopses of Conservation Evidence. Evidence was collected from all European countries west of Russia, but not those south of France, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary and Romania. A list of interventions to conserve wildlife on farmland was developed collaboratively by a team of thirteen experts. A number of interventions that are not currently agri-environment options were added during this process, such as ‘Provide nest boxes for bees (solitary or bumblebees)'and ‘Implement food labelling schemes relating to biodiversity-friendly farming'. Interventions relating to the creation or management of habitats not considered commercial farmland (such as lowland heath, salt marsh and farm woodland) were removed. The list of interventions was organized into categories based on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifications of direct threats and conservation actions. Interventions that fall under the threat category ‘Agriculture'are grouped by farming system, with separate sections for interventions that apply to arable or livestock farms, or across all farming types.

This book contains the proceedings of the sixth conferences on the topic of sustainable regional development organized by the Wessex Institute of Technology. First held in 2003, the conference facilitates communication between all scientists specialising in the wide range of subjects included within sustainable development and planning. These include planners, environmentalists, architects, engineers, policy makers and economists, who all must work together in order to ensure that planning leads to sustainable development that meets present needs without compromising our future. The papers included in the book cover Regional planning; City planning; Sustainability and the built environment; Cultural heritage; Environmental management; Resources management; Social and political issues; Rural developments; Sustainable solutions in developing countries; Transportation; Energy resources; Environmental economics.

Water is not only used in the domestic context, but also in agriculture and industry in the production of commercial goods, from food to paper. The water footprint is an indicator of freshwater use that looks at both direct and indirect use of water by a consumer or producer. The water footprint of an individual, community or business is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce the goods and services consumed by the individual or community or produced by the business. This book shows how the water footprint concept can be used to quantify and map the water use behind consumption and how it can guide reduction of water use to a sustainable level. With a number of case studies, it illustrates water use along supply chains and that water consumption at one place is often linked to water use at another. For example, it is calculated that it takes 15,000 litres of water to produce 1 kg of beef, or 8,000 litres of water to produce a pair of jeans. The book shows that imports of water-intensive products can highly benefit water-scarce countries, but also that this creates a dependency on foreign water resources. The book demonstrates how water-scarce regions sometimes, nevertheless, use lots of water for making export products. It raises the issue of sustainable consumption: how can consumers, businesses and governments get involved in reducing the water footprints of final consumer goods?

A special edition of one of the greatest masterpieces of the environmental movement—plus original photographs and other writings on environmental ethicsSince his death in 1948, Aldo Leopold has been increasingly recognized as one of the indispensable figures of American environmentalism. A pioneering forester, sportsman, wildlife manager, and ecologist, he was also a gifted writer whose farsighted land ethic is proving increasingly relevant in our own time. Now, Leopold's essential contributions to our literature—some hard-to-find or previously unpublished—are gathered in a single volume for the first time. Here is his classic A Sand County Almanac, hailed—along with Thoreau's Walden and Carson's Silent Spring—as one of the main literary influences on the modern environmental movement. Published in 1949, it remains a vivid, firsthand, philosophical tour de force. Along with Sand County are more than fifty articles, essays, and lectures exploring the new complexities of ecological science and what we would now call environmental ethics. Leopold's sharp-eyed, often humorous journals are illustrated here for the first time with his original photographs, drawings, and maps. Also unique to this collection is a selection of over 100 letters, most of them never before published, tracing his personal and professional evolution and his efforts to foster in others the love and sense of responsibility he felt for the land.LIBRARY OF AMERICA is an independent nonprofit cultural organization founded in 1979 to preserve our nation's literary heritage by publishing, and keeping permanently in print, America's best and most significant writing. The Library of America series includes more than 300 volumes to date, authoritative editions that average 1,000 pages in length, feature cloth covers, sewn bindings, and ribbon markers, and are printed on premium acid-free paper that will last for centuries.

L'esgotament dels recursos combustibles fòssils és una realitat avalada per totes les fonts oficials que en xifren les existències restants. El llibre recull tant l'estat de les fonts energètiques que utilitzem arreu del món per tirar endavant el model econòmic de creixement que hem propugnat els últims segles, com els elevadíssims consums mundials i l'anàlisi de les fal·làcies que es divulguen per tranquil·litzar la població. Si bé les energies renovables podrien ser una part de la solució al crac energètic, no són suficients si mantenim el consum actual. Anualment estem consumint allò que el planeta va trigar milions d'anys a crear. Així doncs, la clau no és altra que canviar el paradigma econòmic. El decreixement ha deixat de ser una opció. Haurem de repensar com viatgem, com vivim, com ens alimentem, com treballem... En cadascuna de les nostres facetes de la vida podem aconseguir estalvi energètic. Aquest no és el llibre de l'apocalipsi, malgrat que el fet de contraposar les xifres del consum mundial a les existències energètiques ens revela un panorama no massa encoratjador. Al contrari, només vol despertar la consciència de totes i cadascuna de les persones que consumim energia perquè una a una comencem a canviar l'ús social que en fem i puguem incidir en les polítiques energètiques col·lectives. Una bona part del problema es resoldria evitant els usos inadequats i analitzant els itineraris que segueix l'energia. Tots tenim un paper en el canvi energètic. La responsabilitat per garantir un futur més enllà de l'esgotament dels combustibles fòssils és de tots.

Significant advances have been made in the monitoring, analysis and prediction of the behaviour of riverine systems resulting in a better understanding of their mechanism and the possibility of optimising these resources as well as being able to control or mitigate the effects of major disasters. These developments have been the result of better surveying and measuring techniques, as well as the use of increasingly accurate computer codes. They are also fruit of better communication between practitioners and academics, through their interaction in joint research projects and regular meetings, including international conferences. This book contains papers presented at the 6th International Conference on River Basin Management, held in Riverside, California, representing the state of the art in this important topic. They include many aspects of hydrology, ecology, environmental management, flood plains and wetlands. The contributions in this volume are classified under the following sections: River and watershed management; Flood studies; Hydrological modelling; River restoration and environmental impact; Erosion and sediment transport; Water resources management and water quality.

The biennial series of conferences on Ecosystems and Sustainable Development (ECOSUD), originating from the work of the late Nobel laureate, Ilya Prigogine, raises the challenge of seeking to integrate thermodynamics, ecology and economics into “ecodynamics.” The conference is not only a platform to present novel research related to ecological problems from all over the world, but it also gives opportunities for new emergent ideas in science arising from the cross fertilization of different disciplines, including mathematical models and eco-informatics, evolutionary thermodynamics and biodiversity, structures in ecosystems modelling and landscapes to mention but a few. This book contains papers presented at the Eighth International Conference in the well-established conference series on Ecosystems and Sustainable Development. Conference topics include: Ecosystems modeling; Natural resources management; Environmental indicators; Sustainable development studies; Data mining applications; Energy and the environment; Soil contamination; Waste management; Ecotoxicity.

This major reference work - the first of its kind - provides a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to the large and growing literature on contingent valuation. It includes annotated entries on over 7,500 contingent valuation papers and studies from over 130 countries covering both the published and gray literatures. This book provides an interpretive historical account of the development of contingent valuation, the most commonly used approach to placing a value on goods not normally sold in the marketplace. The major fields cataloged here include culture, the environment, and health applications. This bibliography is an ideal starting point for researchers wanting to find other studies that have valued goods or used techniques similar to those they are interested in. For those wanting to conduct meta analyses, the book will serve as an invaluable guide to source material. In addition to the print edition we offer access, for purchasers of the book, to a website providing the contents of as a searchable Word document and in a variety of standard bibliographic database forms. Contingent Valuation is an indispensable reference source for researchers, scholars and policy makers concerned with survey approaches to the problem of environmental valuation.

Development patterns, increasing population pressure, and the demand for better livelihoods in many parts of the globe all contribute to a steadily deepening global water crisis. Development redirects, consumes, and pollutes water. It also causes changes in the state of natural water reservoirs, directly by draining aquifers and indirectly by melting glaciers and the polar ice caps. Maintaining a sustainable relationship between water and development requires that current needs be balanced against the needs of future generations. The development community has transformed and broadened its approach to water since the 1980s. As stresses on the quality and availability of water have increased, donors have begun to move toward more comprehensive approaches that seek to integrate water into development in other sectors. This evaluation examines the full scope of the World Bank's lending and grant support for water activities. More than 30 background papers prepared for the evaluation have analyzed Bank lending by thematic area and by activity type. IDA and IBRD (the Bank) have supported countries in many water-related sectors.The evaluation, by definition, is retrospective, but it identifies changes that will be necessary going forward, including those related to strengthening institutions and increasing financial sustainability. Lessons and results from nearly 2,000 loans and credits, and work with 142 countries are identified.

Chromium: Its Physicochemical Behavior and Petrologic Significance is a collection of papers presented at an interdisciplinary conference on the physicochemical behavior and petrologic significance of chromium, held at the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington on January 7-8, 1974. Contributors explore the physicochemical behavior and petrologic significance of chromium and cover a wide range of topics, including the mineralogy of chromium and thermochemistry of chromium compounds. Comprised of 23 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on phase relations in chromium oxide-containing systems at elevated temperatures, followed by an analysis of the chromium-oxygen system at high oxygen pressures. Subsequent chapters focus on crystal field effects in chromium and its partitioning in the mantle; trivalent and divalent chromium ions in spinels; distribution and significance of chromium in meteorites; and chrome-spinel in progressive metamorphism. The paragenesis of zoned chromite from central Manitoba is also considered, along with postcumulus and subsolidus equilibration of chromite and coexisting silicates in the Eastern Bush veld Complex. The final chapter presents a hypothesis of origin for podiform chromite deposits. This monograph will be of interest to physicists, chemists, and geologists.

The current emphasis on sustainable development is a consequence of the general awareness of the need to solve numerous environmental problems resulting from our modern society. This has resulted in the necessity to assess the impact of economic investments on the environment. The book addresses the topic of Investment Assessment and Environmental Economics in an integrated way; in accordance with the principles of sustainability considering the social and environmental impacts of new investments. This book contains the papers presented at the Second International Conference on Environmental Economics and Investment Assessment, held in Cadiz, Spain, in 2008, and addresses these problems of primary importance to Society, discussing and proposing a more constructive and progressive approach to ensure sustainability. Methodologies to address these important problems are presented. The contributions are presented under the following subject areas: Economy and the Environment; Environmental Policies, Planning and Assessment; Cost–Benefits Analysis; Natural Resources Management; Environmental Performance; Social Issues and Environmental Policies.

The state of our planet continues to deteriorate at an alarming rate. We have arrived at a situation where we need to determine urgent solutions before we reach a point of irreversible damage. This book contains papers presented at the First International Conference on Management of Natural Resources, Sustainable Development and Ecological Hazards, which was held in Patagonia, Argentina. The Conference name was shortened to ‘The Ravage of the Planet'to emphasize the urgency of the problems under discussion. Much has been written in different contexts about attaining sustainability but the concept itself needs to be defined within a framework of many different disciplines in order to arrive at optimal solutions. This book is therefore essentially trans-disciplinary and it is hoped that it will encourage research into appropriate sustainable solutions, i.e. those involving collaboration across a wide range of disciplines. The following topic areas are discussed: The re-encounter; Political and social issues; Planning and development; Ecology; Design and sustainability; Safety; Water resources; Management of complex systems under extreme conditions; Air; Soil; Energy.

The papers in this volume illustrate the power of a scientific approach to ecological economics. Good science is a careful blend of theory and empirical testing. Theory without empirical grounding is of no practical value and random case studies without a theoretical context are not generalizable. The back and forth interplay between theory and evidence is apparent in the modeling exercises, evaluation studies, and policy design described in this book. Watershed management has been chosen as a concrete focus to illuminate the facets of sustainability. It requires both a deep understanding of the natural processes in watersheds and of the societal processes which strongly depend on the natural watershed services. Furthermore, country-specific governance structures need to be considered to fine-tune the design of sustainable watershed policies in order to approach an interaction of society and nature, which ensures a long term use of water resources without adverse effects on society and the environment. This book has accepted the challenge to tackle the complex scientific underpinning of sustainable watershed analysis and management and will reveal basic ecological economic knowledge and methodological approaches in this prominent field of research.

Gardner M. Brown, Jr. has been a leading innovator in the development of environmental and natural resource economics. This book comprises essays written in his honor by some of the most distinguished economists working in this field. The principal themes addressed include fundamental theoretical and empirical issues in the valuation of environmental and natural resources; the relationships between economic growth, natural resources and environmental quality; re-evaluation of some standard results in the dynamic modeling of renewable and non-renewable resources; the protection and management of biological resources; and the economics of antibiotic resistance.The original papers within this book will be of great interest to academics and practitioners in the field of environmental and natural resource economics.

Papers from an OECD Workshop held 6-8 December 2004 in Paris.

This book focuses on the diverse impact of forest history in general, and of forest continuity, fragmentation and past management in particular, on the diversity and distribution of species. The implications for the conservation of biodiversity in forests are also addressed. Chapters have been developed from papers presented at a conference held in Leuven in January 2003. The emphasis is on temperate forests in Europe and North America, but the information may also be applicable to other regions or biomes. The book will be of significant interest to researchers working within the areas of forestry, ecology, conservation and environmental history.

'ST/ESCAP/2273.'

This book consists of selected, edited and revised papers from a workshop held at ICRAF (International Centre for Research in Agroforestry) in July 2000.

This second edition'Gemmology'has been expanded and updated throughout by the well known writer and editor of Butterworth-Heinemann's gemmology series, Peter Read. This is a much needed update of a classic text and new syllabus information and sample examination theory papers for the Gemmological Association's Preliminary and Diploma courses are included. The additions also incorporate more recent developments, such as the introduction of synthetic moissanite and the De Beer's instruments for distinguishing between natural and synthetic diamonds.'Gemmology'still serves as a useful reference guide for gemmologists detailing the latest natural and synthetic gem materials and is an invaluable text for anyone in the gemmological profession.

The note focuses on the global effects of land degradation, but emphasizes other important levels of land degradation: at the field level, it may result in reduced productivity; at the national level, it may cause flooding, and sedimentation; and, at the global level, it can contribute to climate changes, damaging bio-diversity, and international waters. The effects on climate changes are explored, and the report questions the extent to which land degradation on agricultural land, affects climate change. Does it increase emissions of greenhouse gases? Does it affect land's capacity to serve as a carbon sink? Can appropriate management enhance both land's productivity, and its capacity to store carbon? The carbon cycle in soils is analyzed, indicating land degradation is likely to reduce the ability of soils to serve as carbon sink, and release stored carbon into the atmosphere, and, bio-diversity effects are likely to be adverse. Global benefits of land degradation control, include afforestation, to allow increased carbon sequestration, and provide adequate bio-diversity habitats; and, community-based wildlife management, can provide alternatives to some marginal areas. Although integrating global dimensions into land degradation control projects, may reverse the field level, or national problems it is causing, difficulties and constraints will likely contribute to the failure of these projects.

Since the search for hydrocarbon resources in the Arcticstarted in the 1930's the exploration activity has expandedinto many of the Arctic regions, and several of the Arcticsedimentary basins have proven to be important sources ofhydrocarbon. Nevertheless, the Arctic continental margins andadjacent onshore areas are still largely unexplored in thecontext of petroleum, and are therefore considered to be oneof the few regions in the world where significant undiscoveredsources of hydrocarbon may exist. The aim of the book is togive an updated overview of the geology of the Arcticsedimentary basins and their petroleum potential. Although thedifferent basins vary significantly as regards sedimentary fill and tectonic evolution, many of the basins share some ofthe characteristics needed to become prolific oil and gasprovinces.The book contains 45 extensively illustratedarticles. It starts with papers on the Mesozoic source rocks,and oceanic natural gas clatrates in the Arctic, respectively.Then follow articles on the regional and petroleum geology ofthe main regions; Greenland, North American Arctic, SovietArctic and the Barents Sea. Particular emphasis is placed onthe Barents Sea. The two last chapters comprise articles onsalt dynamics and methods. The book closes with a paper oninternational law in the Arctic. This volume will be ofinterest to both students and professional earthscientists/petroleum explorationists working in the northernlatitudes. It will allow the readers to stay abreast of thedevelopment in this climatic region of the world.

Supergene and Surficial Ore Deposits; Textures and Fabrics is a collection of papers that deals with economic geological deposits, particularly as endogenic type, or as an integral part of their geological environment. One paper explores the possibility that the evolution of ores of sedimentary affiliation or of sedimentary rocks and their chemistry during geologic history can be a product of the evolution of the outer spheres of the earth combined with a cycling phenomena that proceeds in a spiral way. Another paper discusses the role of climate on a large range of depositional environments through mobilization, both by chemical and physical events, of metal-ions. Mobilization can also occur by controlled deposition and enrichment of the'mobilized'ions in a certain sedimentary environment. Various depositions occur in different climates, for example, bauxites, requiring higher precipitation levels, form in humid zones. One paper points that ore-mineral accumulations controlled by descending supergene solutions play a significant role in ore-mineral depositions. The collection is beneficial to geologists, industrial chemists, researchers, technical designers, and engineers whose works are related with ore deposits and mining.

Geochemical Studies is a collection of papers dealing with ore petrology, particularly on the genesis of ores found in sediments. One paper describes the minor elements in metal deposits in sedimentary rocks, focusing on geochemical work on certain classes of ores in sediments and on the theories of origin of the deposits. With better techniques of microprobe analysis of trace elements, the paper notes that ore deposits in sedimentary rocks can be characterized by their minor element suites. One paper points out that large ore deposits cannot possibly be formed by a migration of substances (known as'negative'diffusion). The paper estimates that the quantities of material that can be accumulated in a sediment horizon with a great affinity for these materials, say in a period of one billion years, will still not be sufficient to produce a large ore deposit. The paper estimates the necessary diffusion coefficients that occur in deep structures, where increased mobilities of various substances occur. Geologists, geochemists, and engineers working with fossil fuels will find the collection highly significant.

Regional Studies is a collection of papers that deals with strata-bound mineral deposits in the Eastern Alps, in the Canadian Cordillera, in north-central, and southwest England. Other papers describe southern African stratiform ore deposits and the genesis of Irish base-metal deposits. One paper compares the various types of volcanogenic mineral deposits and their depositional environments characterized by distinct assemblages of volcanic rocks, which formed in the Northern Appalachians during certain episodes of the tectonic evolution. The paper notes that the youngest volcanogenic deposits of economic interest are tungsten—molybdenum—tin—bismuth base metal deposits in highly altered rhyolitic sub-volcanic complexes at Mount Pleasant, New Brunswick. Another paper reviews the mineral occurrences in southern Africa that include stratiform, non-magmatic, ore deposits, The paper considers a subdivision of deposits formed from surficial chemical processes during previous (or current) cycles of weathering and erosion. Many ore bodies have a dual origin: for example, the iron in the high-grade hematite deposits is partly syngenetic and partly epigenetic. The paper also illustrates the time-dependence of some stratiform ore deposits in southern Africa in a schematic diagram. Geologists, researchers, or engineers whose works are related with ore deposits and mining will benefit tremendously from the collection.