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Landmark Papers in General Surgery will give surgeons, surgical trainees and other healthcare professionals an expert appraisal of key papers, and fast access to the evidence base behind current clinical practice in General Surgery. Each chapter draws together a fascinating selection of the most important clinical trials across every subspecialty within General Surgery, as selected and appraised by a panel of experts. Organized according to a common format, each discussion offers a clear structure by which to appraise the medical literature. Following a background summary of each trial, experts discuss the impact of the research and critique the methods used, giving the reader rapid understanding of the paper's place within the wider field of research. This emphasis on the tools of critical appraisal is enhanced by an introductory chapter equipping the reader with the skills required to knowledgeably appraise a research paper. For clinicians needing to keep abreast of the vast scope of medical research, this book will prove an interesting and timesaving resource, but it will also appeal to allied health professionals keen to improve the depth of their understanding of surgery. By bringing together the evidence base with expert guidance on critical appraisal, higher surgical trainees preparing for the academic and specialty sections of the FRCS exit examination will also find the text invaluable as a means of consolidating and nuancing their knowledge.

The editorial group has selected these papers for publication in Progress in Orthopaedic Surgery from contributions to the'Reisensburg Workshop of Clinical Trauma Surgery'dealing with the lesions of knee ligaments and cartilage in 1975. They represent a survey of today's knowledge of pathophy­ siology, diagnostic means, and therapy of these lesions in the German-speaking countries. There are two'Reisensburg Workshops'annually, covering current topics of traumatology sponsored by the Ulm trauma group. Primary attention is focused not upon review lectures but rather upon the extensive discussions thus resulting in recommendations to the practising trauma surgeon in order to facilitate his clinical work. Ulm, November 1977 C. Burri, A. Ruter Introduction This volume of Progress in Orthopaedic Surgery presents a selection of papers dealing with injuries to the ligament support and articular surfaces of the knee. The menisci are not discussed as separate entities, but rather in their correct perspective as part of the knee jointsupport mechanism. As the editor for this volume, I have tried to select the most representative articles which cover this subject. These are publications from our European colleagues and reflect their opinion and experience. I have tried not to change their content or meaning in any way. This volume has been divided into six basic segments. Each deserves comment.

H.-J. Senn Adjuvant Chemotherapy (ACT) of breast cancer has now emerged as one of the controversial su):>jects in clinical and also experimental oncology. Driven by growing frustration about stagnating cure rates in breast cancer [1,4] and stimulated by elegant demonstration of highly curative effects of adjuvant systemic therapy in animal models [6, 11] and in several childhood neoplasias [15], researchers introduced ACT to the primary treatment of breast cancer with great hope some 15 years ago. After a first wave of isolated'historic'trials with generally limited but in one case remarkable success [5, 9], a second generation of ACT studies was initiated by NSABP investigators and oncology centers in Europe [2, 6, 13]. These trials were well conducted statistically and diagnostically, and all in the early 1970s included a surgical control arm. Early and intermediate beneficial effects on relapse-free survival (RFS) after 2-3 years median observation time then prompted a whole series of ACT studies in breast cancer. These'third-gener­ ation'studies usually regarded some positive influence of ACT as a given fact, dropping surgical control regimens and comparing different ACT regimens, hopefully in a prospective, randomized way 1984 Fig. 1. The mushrooming of adjuvant studies in breast cancer XII Introduction [reviews in 3, 14]. The'mushrooming'of ACT studies in breast cancer during the last 10 and especially 5 years is demonstrated in Fig. 1, and it gets really cumbersome even for the insider to keep on top of the multitude of sometimes conflicting data.

The series of volumes Progress in Surgical Pathology was conceived in an attempt to honor the 70th birthday of Dr. Raffaele Lattes. The original vol­ umes were the result of an initial call for papers dedicated to progress in the field of surgical pathology with contributors from all over the world. The pa­ pers published in these volumes have represented examples of classical clin­ ical pathologic correlations within the discipline of surgical pathology; other papers reflect the work being done at the interface between classical diagnos­ tic surgical pathology and research in the realm of immunology, molecular biology, cell biology, etc. These papers illustrate what is possible utilizing all of the advances made in basic biology, while remembering that the patholo­ gist remains an essential, crucial figure in the analysis of tissues, both with respect to their diagnosis as weil as the analysis of the dynamic interactions between cells. There have also been papers that may be characterized as philosophical or historical, which Iook at aspects of surgical pathology in a unique way. Five volumes have been published since 1980. The last of these was pub­ lished in 1983. For those of you who have been our loyal readers, you may wonder why there has been a gap in the publication of these volumes. This has been due to reorganization both among ourselves as weil as with the pub­ lisher.

The papers collected in this volume represent the formal proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Calcified Tissues which was held in Davos, Switzerland from 11th to 16th April 1965 under the sponsorship of the Laboratorium fur experi­ mentelle Chirurgie, Schweizerisches Forschungsinstitut Davos. This Symposium fol­ lowed the now established tradition of the previous Symposia held in Oxford in 1963 and in Liege in 1964. Participation was again strictly on a residential basis. This year the Schatz alp Hotel provided a scenic and secluded meeting place high on a mountain side overlooking Davos yet close to the Forschungsinstitut in which the opening session of the Symposium was held. The papers and communications published in the volume are arranged in order of presentation and are grouped under the five main themes selected for discussion by the Symposium, namely,'Cell function in the formation, maintenance and destruc­ tion of osseous tissue','Response of calcified tissues to mechanical factors','Mecha­ nisms of mineralization and diseases related to mineral deposition','Hormones and bone'and'Fundamental structure of dental hard tissues'. The programme consisted of a number of review lectures given by invited speakers and of short communications in relation to each of the above themes. No attempt was made to record the dis­ cussions to the papers as, being a residential meeting, the more valuable and interest­ ing interchanges took place informally in small discussion groups and not within the time schedule of the prearranged programme.

International surgical meetings with thousands of participants speaking a dozen different languages tend to be frustrating for the individual who comes with the hope of learning about progress in his fields, but who additionally would like to be able to ex­ change ideas on controversial topics and to meet competent people with whom to discuss specific problems. In the'one-way'ses­ sions in which long papers are presented, details or specific points may be missed. Differing views often are not adequately discussed, because the meeting and its participants are pressed for time. The 44 breakfast and luncheon sessions, covering different topics of interest to the practicing surgeon, were mainly planned to overcome these classical'congress handicaps'and also to do away with the anonymous atmosphere of such a large congress. Slides and formal papers were banished from these sessions. The outcome of these very lively and pleasant discussions taking place around small well-dressed tables was unexpected by most participants. A chairman and several panel members shared their repast, caloric and intellectual, with some 10-30 congress par­ ticipants. The result was in each instance a lively, informative intimate discussion, very different from the anonymous atmo­ sphere of a large meeting. In the hope of preserving these ex­ changes, the chairmen were requested immediately the session finished to'distill the essence'of the 90-minute exchange into a summary captured on tape.

Although the number of published papers on traumatic hip disloca­ tion in childhood is large, our actual current knowledge on this inju­ ry in this age group is still full of obscure points and unsolved prob­ lems. Luxation of the hip of traumatic origin in children is infrequent, and the small number of cases reported by authors and institutions, as well as the usually short follow-up in many cases, are responsible for the many doubts and questions, especially related to complications and outcome following the injury. Consequently the treatment, especially the postreduction management, has not been adequately defined. Dr. Antonio Barquet has made the great effort to analyze the ex­ perience gained from 38 cases in Uruguay and to review more than 500 references related to the subject, covering more than 1400 cases. He began to study this topic in 1976. It was the subject of his postgraduate monograph in 1979, which was followed by a statisti­ cal analysis of the major complication, i. e., avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral extremity, which was presented as his doctoral thesis in 1981. In addition, he has published numerous papers deal­ ing with several aspects of traumatic hip dislocation in children.

The 6th International Symposium on Artificial Heart and Assist Devices met in Tokyo in July 1996, bringing together researchers and specialists from around the world. The symposiums proceedings in this volume comprise papers from nine sessions, each opening with contributions by leading scientists: TAH, heart transplantation, biomaterials, VAS, clinical application, pathophysiology, engineering, new approaches, and special sessions. Of special note is the inclusion, for the first time, of pathophysiology related to clinical use of assist devices. The clinical application section includes a paper by Dr. Michael DeBakey on the progress made in recent years. With descriptions of the scientific exhibition, accompanied by photographs of all artificial heart devices and systems displayed by major laboratories and manufacturers, Artificial Heart 6 presents the latest information on developments in the field of artificial heart, biomaterials, and heart transplantation.

This book is the result of an international symposium on bone transplantation, the first of its kind, held in Berne, Switzerland, on May 14-16, 1987. This symposium brought together some of the most outstanding experts - from all over the world, principally from North America and Europe -in the clinical bone transplantation and in basic research. It was an unique opportunity to summarize in a few days the state of the art in this field and to bring clinicians who carry out some research related to their work together with basic scientists. The clinician can on the one hand profit from the basis researcher's knowledge and on the other stimulate the researcher to share the orthopedic surgeon's interest in osteo­ articular allografts. The book, like the symposium, contains two types of contributions: 1. Papers from invited experts who have often dedicated a significant part of their professional life to the subject of bone transplantation. Knowledge which would otherwise be scattered among original papers from many different sources, some of it less firmly established and therefore less well known, is thus collected together in one volume, so that the reader does not have to weed out a mass ofless important material. These chapters may for a certain time act as a textbook on bone transplantation, but inevitably will eventually be superseded by new findings. 2. Descriptions of current research in all the main subjects covered in the state­ of-the-art papers.

This book is a record of the papers read at the first meeting of the European Society of Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESKA). This was held in the magnificent International Congress Centre (ICC) in West Berlin. Planning for the inaugural meeting of a proposed large society is inevitably fraught with problems and doubts. However, thanks to the tremendous assistance given by the ICC organization and to the participation of so many orthopaedic surgeons from Europe and all over the world the society had a very successful meeting, and it is fitting that the papers are collected together in this book as a permanent record. Various factors combined to delay the appearance of the book until now, shortly before the second ESKA meeting (1986) in Basle. We should like to take this opportunity of thanking Springer-Verlag for all the hard work involved in ensuring that the book was finished before this occasion and while the subject matter is still so topical.

Readers of the first volume of Progress in Orthopaedic Surgery may remember the introductory remarks of Drs. Wagner and Hungerford. It is the intention of the editors of this publication to familiarize English - speaking orthopaedists with articles published in the European literature which, because of language barriers, would otherwise be inaccessible to them. Most articles in this second volume also are translations of papers originally printed in Der Orthopiide. The purpose of this German medical journal is to disseminate the newest experiences of orthopaedic problems in a form that is of particular value to the practising orthopaedic surgeon. In 1973 eight articles were published on acetabular dysplasia. In his fore­ word to this issue Dr. Wagner stated some of the reasons why such an indepth study was deemed necessary. He was of the opinion that the shallowness and increase in acclivity of the acetabulum was of such central importance in the development and treatment of hip dysplasias that a volume dealing with this subject was fully justified. Another reason for this collection of papers was the advances made in correcting the results of a dysplastic acetabulum by surgical means and thereby improving hip joint function in later years, or at least pre­ venting its early deterioration.

RNA Biochemistry and Biotechnology describes various aspects of nucleic acid and protein structure, mainly RNA structure and proteins, interacting with specific RNA species. Papers deal with DNA protein interactions, telomerase, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, elongation factor Tu, DNA repair, RNA structure, NMR technology, RNA aptamer interaction of biological macromolecules with metal ions. Two papers deal with theoretical aspects of RNA structure production and computer modelling. Many papers describe the possibility of commercial application of RNA biotechnology. One article discusses the impact of direct democracy on basic science supporting biotechnology. Readership: Advanced graduate students, Ph.D. students and young scientists as well as specialists in the field.

This book is a revision companion for the UEMS breast exam. The contents extract and distil the key messages and facts of the exam-linked textbook, published in 2017, giving self-test opportunities in the last chapter. Each chapter starts by listing the key facts. The chapters have been edited by the exam board in collaboration with most of the authors of the original chapters of key relevance.The book is specifically designed to complement the UEMS breast surgery exam which is held once a year. In addition there are two feeder courses for the exam, the EBSQ exam Preparatory Course by the Division of Breast Surgery and the Advanced Course on Breast Cancer by the ESSO, each of which run yearly. There are several other postgraduate courses that could support by the book. The book is also of interest to candidates sitting the FRCS exam with a special interest in breast surgery. The last Chapter describes the format of the exams, the scoring system and presents examples of both, the written (MCQ) and the oral examination. The MCQ part contains a questions section with 25 MCQs, including the correct answers at the end. A Clinical Case scenario is also presented with indicative questions similar to those discussed during the oral exam and a list of Academic papers included for discussion in recent oral exams, along with indicative questions is also included.

This book aims to review all of the literature, including landmark papers and the most current published data, in regard to the management of non-malignant foregut diseases. A number of surgeons publish and focus in malignant diseases of the esophagus, but this text emphasizes the benign ones, their problems and how to face them with the new available resources and technology. This book describes the different diagnostic tools available, as well as the different therapies for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its potential complications like Barret's or strictures, and the associated anatomical abnormalities such as hiatal hernia or short esophagus, and more. Motility disorders of the esophagus, esophageal diverticula and perforations are also discussed. Different devices and approaches can be used to treat these diseases and they are covered and explained in different chapters of the book. Written by experts in the field, Benign Esophageal Disease provides surgeons and physicians with a concise and comprehensive summary of the current state of the field and will help guide patient management.

In the four years of its existence, MICCAI has developed into the premier - nual conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted interv- tion. The single-track conference has an interdisciplinary character, bringing - getherresearchersfromboththenaturalsciencesandvariousmedicaldisciplines. It provides the international forum for developments concerning all aspects of medical image processing and visualization, image-guided and computer-aided techniques, and robot technology in medicine. The strong interest in MICCAI is con?rmed by the large number of subm- sions we received this year, which by far surpassed our expectations. The arrival of the shipload of papers just before the deadlines (one in the European and the otherin theAmericantime zone)wasa particularlyenjoyableexperience,aswas the whole procedure of preparing the scienti?c programme. Both the quantity and quality of the submissions allowed us to compose a volume of high quality papers, which we are sure will contribute to the further development of this exciting?eld of research. As for the hard numbers, in total 338 submissions were received. Next to full papers, short communications were solicited for works in progress,hardware prototypes, and clinical case studies. Long papers were reviewed by three or four reviewers and short papers by two or three reviewers. The?nal selection of papers was carried out by the Programme Board. Out of the 246 long papers, 36 were accepted for oral presentation and 100 as full posters. An additional 75 of the long papers, and 47 out of 92 short papers were accepted as short posters.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Symposium on Surgery Simulation and Soft Tissue Modeling, IS4TM 2003, held in Juan-Les-Pins, France in June 2003. The 33 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on soft tissue models, haptic rendering, cardiac modeling, and patient specific simulators.

Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva: A Revision Guide 2e provides the framework and knowledge to pass the non-subspecialty sections of the FRCS (General Surgery) viva and clinical examination. This comprehensive and up to date revision text covers all essential topics in critical care, emergency and general surgery as well as research papers, basic statistics and data manipulation for the academic section.This essential revision guide provides you with the vital points for each topic, presented in a concise, structured manner and referenced where appropriate. It is essential reading for anyone preparing for the FRCS General Surgery exam.

Computer applications in medical care have been greatly increasing during the last ten years. Combined with other electronic devices, computers can produce images which represent human organ sections. Such a way to get informations on patient organs widely improves di­ agnosis and surgery efficiency. But we can go through a new step by generating three­ dimensional models of these organs and by displaying them. Most of research in this area focuses on the visualization process. But, in order to efficiently exploit the data collected and processed by the computer, we need to create a high-level three-dimensional model of the organ to be displayed. An interactive approach to get such a model is described in this paper as the way to use it for the study of kidney anatomy. I. 20 and 30 data visualization in medical care Classical X-ray radiographs give us a projection of human body inner parts, with an enhancement of high-density elements. But they cannot give us a complete view of organs, such as in cross-sections. Recent imaging techniques solve this problem, usually by computing those sections from a set of projections along different directions. Physicians can then get a full examination of organs by using such equipments as X-ray scanners or those producing Mag­ netic Resonance, ultrasonic or radionuclide images. The information collected on the organ (density, acoustic property, etc.

Pediatric cardiology is celebrating in the 1990s the 50th anniversary of the beginnings of the age of therapy. This informal `history'describes how the discipline grew from the era of pathologic anatomy to the dawn of therapy, the beginnings of closed heart surgery between 1939 and 1945. That dawn ushered in a remarkable half century of change and growth, leading from clinicophysiologic correlations through the start of open heart surgery in the 1950s. The text celebrates some of the achievements of this vivid and heroic age, and describes how, in the mid 1970s, new surgical and medical approaches, including prostaglandins and Doppler echocardiography, led to successful cardiac treatment in infancy, the `infant era'. Interventional cardiology and the study of childhood arrhythmias began. Now, in the 1990s, a new era emphasising molecular biology and cardiac development is growing from the tools and concepts of the past. The four eras have focused on pathologic anatomy, clinicophysiologic correlations and surgery, heart problems in infancy, and now the developing heart. In each era there have been advances in the four domains of pediatric cardiology, the heart before birth, the normal heart, heart disease and defects, and preventive cardiology. Growth in knowledge has been both episodic and dramatic, yet not a picture of unalloyed achievement. The later chapters discuss some of the problems beginning to be recognised in the new and current `developmental era'. The pioneers of pediatric cardiology, both men and women, are more than eponyms, for each used in new and original ways the tools and concepts available in their era. The interaction of tools and concepts is a theme in this book. Just as the tool of the stethoscope was vital in delineating the clinical profile of ventricular septal defect and patent ductus, the fluoroscope played a role in developing the concept of the Blalock Taussig shunt. Pioneers also includepatients and their families, and the book includes some discussion of what little is known of childhood and of the child with heart disease in the four different eras. This is a brief overview of the growth of knowledge of children's hearts from before William Harvey until our own time, and includes references to histories of cardiac surgery and to collections of classic cardiac papers. By its emphasis on the child as the central historic figure, and on the interaction of tools and concepts in the growth of knowledge, the text provides a celebratory approach to the 50th anniversary of modern pediatric cardiology.

Advances in Abdominal Surgery 2002 contains papers from a group of Italian academic surgeons who contribute to a national research program entitled `Progress in Abdominal Surgery'. The research is supported by the Italian Ministry of the University. The primary objective of the group is to combine experimental and clinical approaches in the study of several surgical abdominal diseases. The authors of the individual chapters were requested to present an update in their own fields of research. This volume summarizes several important updates in abdominal surgery and pathophysiology. The contributions are grouped into six sections, namely Surgical Infection, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, Colorectal Surgery, Fecal Incontinence, Minimally-Invasive Surgery, and Transplantation.

The application of the caval catheter in emergency medicine and intensive care has today become routine. Generally, even in severe shock this route of access to the cardiovascular system is available in order to apply life saving volume substitution. It also permits longterm infusions in modern intensive care, particularly continuous administration of high-osmolarity solutions in par­ enteral nutrition. In both fields it represents one of the most important diagnostic parameters of circulatory disorders, enabl­ ing the registration of central venous pressure. Its undeniable advantages are counterbalanced by the dangers inherent in all invasive methods. Since sufficient experience and precise sta­ tistics are now at our disposal, the time has come for a provisional survey. While a few years ago it was considered mandatory to propagate the central venous access in order to advance new therapeutic and diagnostic methods, it is now necessary to recon­ sider and reformulate indications for its use. In this task it is essential to weigh the expected advantages against the possible complications in each and every case of catheter application. Cri­ tical scrutiny must include evaluation of techniques, approaches, and finally catheter materials; this paper presents the results of such a survey. The physician is hereby given the opportunity of being completely informed of evaluating the validity of his standard procedures. VIm, April 1977 C. BURRI F. W. AHNEFELD Table of Contents I. Introduction......... 1 II. Indications for Caval Catheter 3 A. Caval Catheter in Emergency Situations 3 B.

and collaborators succeeded in proving met. We became acquainted during a their existence in the laboratory. General Meeting of the Board of Directors Cryosurgery is an alternative choice for of the European Society of Cryosurgery; I the treatment of selected patients with in­ was very impressed with his intelligence, ternal tumors. 1. S. Cooper, as long ago as energy and determination. He is an inno­ vative researcher, a scientist and a therapist, 1963, suggested the use of cryosurgery for the destruction of primary and metastatic with a good sense of leadership. Professor tumors of the liver, because cryosurgery Korpan has dedicated himself especially to has several well-known advantages over the study of the surgical treatment of the liver, bile ducts and pancreas, has pub­ classic surgery: 1) it is effective in inducing tumor cell necrosis; 2) it spares more nor­ lished many papers and is the author of mal tissue than resection, with less risk of three books. Co-founder in 1997 and vice hemorrhage and dissemination of cancer president of the European Society of Cryo­ cells; 3) it makes the treatment of unresec­ surgery, he is also founder and presi­ table tumors possible, particularly those dent of the Vienna International Institute involving large vessels; 4) it allows re­ for Cryosurgery. Also an inventor, he has treatment; 5) it may induce an immuno­ devised 31 patents, some of which are stimulating effect against residual cancer.

The world community of pediatric nephrologists has grown to a great number of active members. A number of them are interested in problems of renal insufficiency and kidney replacement therapy. Therefore, many vital meetings concerning this vibrant speciality have been included in international pediatric congresses. But the discussion of ten-minutes-papers in a large auditorium was often limited, criticism tended to be muted, lively discussions have only occasionally succeeded for the reason that the topics have tended to be too specialized for the audiences in relation to the large number of other discussions about questions and results in pedeatric science. In Cologne, therefore, we decided to hold a conference concerning problems, advances and controversies in renal insufficiency in children, which would have a limited but general audience in rooms of a modest size, topics that tended to polarize a world-wide faculty of experts who liked their basic views to be opposed. The session would be chaired by persons well-known for inciting discussion and even difficult questions in order to stimulate a vital debate between delegates and audiences. One important part of the meeting was therefore the discussion in an open and familiar way as it is known in other workshops. We called the conference'KaIner Kinderdialyse-Symposium'. The first conference was held in November 1975, and evoked an extra­ ordinary enthusiastic response from both audiences and delegates, so we held a second one in 1978 and the third meeting was in 1981.

The second common meeting of the European Section and the Cervical Spine Research Society took place in Marseille (France) from June 12 to 15, 1988 and was organized by Rene Louis. More than 130 specialists from every part of Europe, from America and Asia participated, representing, among others, the fields of Orthopedics, Neurosurgery, Traumatology, Neurology, Anatomy, Rheumatology and Radiology. This meeting again was convincing proof of the growing interest which exists in Europe in research into injuries and diseases of the cervical spine. The main topics of this meeting were the subluxation of the lower cervical spine (chapter 1) and the infectious diseases of the cervical spine (chapter 2). Chapters 3 and 4 of this volume deal with degenerative lesions and the upper cervical spine. In chapter 5 experimental reports are presented, so that a good synopsis is provided of our present state of knowledge of diseases of the cervical spine. The European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society was founded by Mario Boni in 1984, who unfortunately died in 1986 and was proclaimed Honory President of the European Section. There is a European meeting every summer and one every three years with our colleagues from the United States of America, Canada and Japan organized in Europe. The first combined meeting was organized by Pierre Kehr in Strasbourg (France) in 1985 and the presented papers were published in Cervical Spine I (Springer, Wien-New York, 1987).

Prostate cancer is not only the most common genitourinary tumor but, accord­ ing to the tumor registry of Munich, the male tumor with the highest inci­ dence. The wide range of information concerning this important disease has been dealt with comprehensively. In a time when interested urologists can surf in the internet to find an article they are looking for, they usually get lost because of the flood of papers covering the same subject. Furthermore, they are still alone in deciding which scientific contribution to believe and which will serve their patients best. A well-edited book such as this, however, provi­ des quick access to all pertinent questions. These renowned authors have taken on the responsibility of writing a balanced report and producing a sort of a guideline, i. e., a diagnostic or therapeutic standard. The editors are to be congratulated on mastering such a formidable task, bringing together the leading names in prostate cancer to present their views on all the questions one might have about this disease. I trust that this book will serve urologists in practice and their patients well. J. E. Altwein Miinchen Contents Pathology and Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer 1 Morphogenetic Aspects of Prostate Cancer H. Bonkhoff............................................ 3 2 Cytogenetics of Prostate Cancer L. Bubendorf........................................... 13 3 Molecular Dissection of the Prostate Cancer Genome V. Srikantan, S. Srivastava................................ 25 Diagnosis and Clinical Significance of Prostatic 4 Intraepithelial Neoplasia V. Ravery, L. Boccon-Gibod...............................

As an addition to the European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons, we began to publish in 1974 this series of Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. This series was first discussed in 1972 at a combined meeting of the Italian and German Neurosurgical Societies in Taormina, the founding fathers of the series being Jean Brihaye, Bernard Pertuiset, Fritz Loew and Hugo Krayenbuhl. Thus were established the principles of European co­ operation which have been born from the European spirit, flourished in the European Association, and have been associated throughout with this senes. The fact that the English language is now the international medium for communication at European scientific conferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore we have decided to publish all contri­ butions in English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publication of any volume for scrutiny and suggestions for revision. Our series is not intended to compete with the publications of original scientific papers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions are written by specialists in the given fields and constitute the first part of each volume.

Urological oncology is a subject of enormous interest to large numbers of uro- gists throughout the world, particularly with our increasing understanding of the possible causes and pathogenesis of the condition. As Editor-in-Chief of one of the urological journals, I can attest to this interest; the largest percentage of the papers I receive for review each year relate to either clinical or experime- tal urological oncology. It used to be that the manuscripts concerned mainly surgical techniques, but now this has extended to new technologies, dia- nostic methods, randomized pharmaceutical clinical trials, and thoughtful and complex experimental studies into the genesis of urological cancer. This is all evidence of our increasing interest in the topic. In addition to this, we have come to understand the management of urolo- cal cancer is not in the hands of a single discipline. The advent of multidis- plinary team meetings has made us realize that there is a hugely signi? cant role to be played by urologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, patho- gists, and radiologists. This new dimension has been driven by the advent of new therapies and by closer interaction among all of these groups at academic meetings. This is to be applauded and has inevitably lead to improvements in the management of our patients.

This book is a valuable resource designed to enhance the way medical professionals and surgeons approach the field of general surgical oncology, and designed to approach general surgical oncology in multiple choice questions (MCQ) style. With sixteen comprehensive chapters filled with more than 500 MCQs, this book promises to be a game-changer for anyone seeking to excel in cancer surgery. It reinforces readers'knowledge in short, understandable, and to-the-point information.

The physiologic use conditions medical devices are subjected to during implant and long-term in vivo use are critical to ensuring device reliability, efficacy, and safety. This book highlights advanced analyses for measuring the physiologic use conditions of medical devices, introducing important challenges facing engineers. The chapters include: A working definition for the physiologic in vivo use conditions used to further improve medical device performance in patients. Introductions to common approaches used to measure medical device use conditions so that engineers can use similar techniques where useful. Detailed case studies that highlight problem statements, approaches for measuring physiologic use conditions, and example outputs from such analyses. This book provides an up-to-date resource for device engineers so that they can accurately measure conditions that devices experience during and after implantation—key to reliability testing, computational modeling, and choosing optimum designs. This is an ideal book for medical device engineers and scientists designing and manufacturing devices for human use, students interested in understanding how devices interact with anatomy, and academic researchers seeking to apply advanced analyses to unmet use condition needs in the medical device field.

Fractures of the scapula are usually associated with high-energy trauma and its management has deeply changed in the last decade. The unfavorable scapular anatomy, combined with the complexity of the approaches for fracture fixation, make the treatment challenging, even for experienced surgeons. Furthermore, the literature is controversial regarding surgical indications and rationale for treatment. This book is designed to address and discuss critical aspects of decision making for the management of scapular fractures, including anatomy, epidemiology, surgical indications, rehabilitation, treatment, and outcomes. It also presents several challenging cases with adequate preoperative planning, emphasizing the different approaches, fixation strategies, soft tissue handling, and postoperative care. Floating shoulder and the association between scapular fractures and clavicle fractures are also addressed, as well as a hot topic and emerging issue: the periprosthetic scapular fracture following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The approaches and fixation strategies will be the main points of the book and richly illustrated by images. Fractures of the Scapula – Current Concepts is an indispensable reference to shoulder surgeons, general orthopaedic surgeons, orthopaedic trauma surgeons, thoracic surgeons, orthopaedic fellows and residents, medical students, and physical therapists who are eager to deepen their knowledge in the management of the challenging scapular fractures. •the Editors modified the proposal based on the reviewer's feedback.

The book comprehensively discusses the surgical management of thyroid and parathyroid diseases. It includes separate chapters dedicated to preliminary evaluation enabling the reader to understand the decision making process. It discusses details of specific preparation for optimizing the conditions suitable for operation. It provides comprehensive description of the complex anatomy of neck and the variations supported by representative photographs. It includes appropriate flowcharts and videos of procedures for better understanding. The book describes the steps of all surgical procedures of thyroid and parathyroid glands emphasizing practical aspects of surgical techniques, supported by representative photographs. It covers chapters on the management of immediate and late complications, adjuvant treatment as well as treatment of late recurrences. Parathyroid diseases are not common but are known to induce disabling complications. The book also discusses various aspects of presentation and treatment of parathyroid diseases in detail. It stresses upon the role of specialists in different department in the postoperative management of thyroid cancers. The book meets the curriculum requirements of postgraduate students in specialties like general surgery, head and neck surgery, and endocrine surgery. It also serves as a reference for junior surgeons and enables them to prepare and perform proper thyroid surgeries as well provides guidance in the postoperative management of all thyroid diseases especially thyroid cancer.

This book explains more than 60 types of segmentectomy and 4 types of completion lobectomy with plentiful figures to explain the intraoperative findings and anatomy of the lung. It also provides videos to help readers recognize the tricks and techniques that are not explained in still images. The book is organized into four parts following the anatomy of the lung; right upper lobe, right lower lobe, left upper lobe, and left lower lobe. Each chapter goes into detail on each segment and offers the latest devices and procedures. Although segmentectomy is known as curative surgery for early-stage small lung cancers, not many surgeons can perform with accuracy due to its anatomical complexity. Therefore, the purpose of Anatomical Segmentectomy for Lung Cancer is to share the knowledge and experiences of performing the surgeries and to further enhance the techniques by creating a foundation for building on to this knowledge. It is a valuable resource for thoracic surgeons interested in curative surgery for small lung cancers and for those who wish to stay up to date on the latest techniques.

This book provides a practical guide to thread lifting techniques for facial rejuvenation and re-contouring of the face. It systematically describes the evidence base for the use of a range of available techniques for thread lifting, providing detailed guidance on how to analyse the face, take clinical photographs and correctly apply polydioxanone (PDO) threads, polycaprolactone (PCL) threads, Silhouette Soft threads and Aptos threads. Thread Lifting Techniques for Facial Rejuvenation and Recontouring comprehensively covers the use of a range of non-surgical techniques for thread lifting and provides a valuable resource for a range of medical professionals and trainees including dermatologists, plastic surgeons, nurses and aesthetic doctors seeking an up-to-date resource on the topic.

This book is an essential guide for practicing surgeons, equipping them with the necessary skills and expertise to lead medical practices and healthcare organizations. Acting as a roadmap, it engages surgeons in leadership development, enabling them to acquire the knowledge needed to advance within healthcare leadership. Specifically designed for surgeons interested in healthcare leadership, the book addresses a critical gap in the development of surgical professionals into influential and effective surgical leaders. This manual will prepare the surgeon for all aspects of surgical leadership; it prepares surgeons to excel in areas such as practice development, national reputation building, organizational leadership, and fostering a culture of positive change within institutions. In a field where relevant resources are scarce, this book provides a clear path for practicing surgeons to acquire the necessary skills and expertise for effective leadership. The text begins by focusing on self-leadership, covering topics such as defining one's practice type, navigating promotions across systems, and determining the scope of practice. The subsequent section delves into leading others, addressing critical areas like managing work environments, policy formulation, administration, and consensus-building. Finally, the book explores leading systems, emphasizing the importance of understanding local contexts, building efficient organizational structures, and optimizing healthcare delivery processes.

The second edition of this important textbook covers all aspects of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), from epidemiology, pathological classification and evaluation, and molecular biology through to diagnostic imaging methods and therapeutic options, including the latest targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Readers will find individual discussion of each of the various types of NET: gastrointestinal, lung, and pancreatic tumors such as insulinomas, gastrinomas, glucagonomas, VIPomas, somatostatinomas, PPomas, and non-functioning pancreatic NETs, as well as medullary thyroid carcinomas, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, etc. In addition to NETs, endocrine tumors such as thyroid tumors and adrenocortical tumors are also covered. The contributing authors are internationally recognized experts who bring a wealth of science and experience to the subject. This book will be an invaluable source of information for practicing medical oncologists, surgeons, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, and pathologists as well as for trainees in these fields.

The first 3 editions of'Robotic Urology'have already become a gold-standard in the robotic community worldwide.This book provides a systematic and well-structured content which includes all fields of urology – general aspects on robot-assisted urologic surgery, kidney and adrenal, pelvis, bladder, prostate, reconstructive urology, and the male genital tract. The book brings together leading robotic surgeons from around the world to provide an updated text that covers all oncologic and reconstructive procedures in urologic surgery that are performed with robotic assistance.Additional questions via app: Download the Springer Nature Flashcards app for free and use exclusive additional material to test your knowledge.

Major surgical societies have been publishing perioperative recommendations for over half a century, based on committees conducting reviews of the literature. Surgical books fundamentally target the intraoperative period when anesthesia is going on. Fatalities are often embedded in a larger context of systemic failures, in which initial problems are sidestepped or mishandled till they become overwhelming and irreversible. There must be a guiding principle and a truly integrated approach for each condition and treatment, of course based on the strongest available evidence. This unique book provides the reader standardized instructions and recommendations on the management of all high-risk surgical candidates in different specialties and contexts, encompassing a continuum of care, and not just in selected phases or groups.Written by worldwide experts, it is divided in 11 sections and 41 chapters which discuss: Preoperative evaluation, Lifestyle interventions, Surgical specialties, Protocols of special relevance, Fluids, electrolytes and shock, Perioperative surgical challenges, Bedside and adjunct procedures, Wound care, Innovative Approaches (including artificial intelligence and machine learning), End of life care and other ethical challenges. It also includes an additional section with supplementary material.Residents, fellows, practitioners in training and seasoned professionals seeking society recertification, primarily in surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care medicine, internal medicine, emergency services, trauma, vascular surgery, nursing, and physical therapy will find this book valuable. Professionals in the industry (especially those related to surgery, critical care monitoring devices, imaging diagnosis and interventional radiology), policy makers and government agencies will also benefit from this work.

This quick-reference guide is the first book written specifically for the many third- and fourth-year medical students rotating on the thoracic surgery service. The book focuses on the diagnosis and management of the most common pathologic entities. Each chapter covers history, physical examination, imaging, and common diagnoses. For each diagnosis, the book sets out the typical presentation, options for non-operative and operative management, and expected outcomes. Chapters include key illustrations, quick-reference charts, tables, diagrams, and bulleted lists. Students can read the text from cover to cover to gain a general foundation of knowledge that can be built upon when they begin their rotation, then use specific chapters to review a sub-specialty before starting a new rotation or seeing a patient with a sub-specialty attending. Topics covered include lung cancer, pulmonary resection, pleural empyema, thoracic outlet syndrome, esophageal disorders, tracheal malignancies, and much more.Practical and user-friendly, Thoracic Surgery Clerkship is the ideal, on-the-spot resource for medical students and practitioners seeking fast facts on diagnosis and management. Its bullet-pointed outline format makes it a perfect quick reference, and its content breadth covers the most commonly encountered problems in clinical practice.

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an inherited disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of both benign and cancerous tumors and cysts in many parts of the body. Considering the number of manifestations of the VHL disease, screening and management is complex and requires a multidisciplinary effort as well as an understanding of the interplay between all the manifestations. This book is one of the first to provide fundamental knowledge about VHL and the know-how on the various manifestations of this complex syndrome. Various aspects of VHL are reflected in this book's table of contents, written by the leading experts in each field discussed. Comprehensive and easy-to-use, this book offers a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the manifestations and management of patients with VHL and serves as the definitive book on the management of patients with VHL for surgical oncologists, endocrinologists, urologists, neurosurgeons, ophthalmologist, radiologists, and all primary care physicians.

Auch die 2. Auflage stellt das Expertenwissen zu etablierten und innovativen laparoskopischen und retroperitoneoskopischen Operationen systematisch und detailliert dar. Neu hinzugekommen sind Kapitel zum Einsatz der Robotik in der MIC. Alle Kapitel wurden für die Neuauflage aktualisiert, zahlreiche Abbildungen ausgetauscht, die Texte neu gestaltet und übersichtlicher strukturiert. Zum Buch gehören zahlreiche Videos zu Operationsverläufen, die direkt mit der Springer MoreMedia-App aufgerufen werden können.

Alle wichtigen Verletzungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen sind systematisch beschrieben mit detaillierten Informationen und vielen praktischen Tipps zu Klassifikation, Diagnostik, Therapieoptionen und Therapiewahl, Nachbetreuung und möglichen Komplikationen. Dargestellt sind nicht nur Unfallfolgen des Bewegungsapparats, sondern auch Schädel-, Thorax- und Bauchverletzungen, Weichteil-, Geburts- und thermische Traumen. Über 1200 Abbildungen zeigen typische Befunde und Therapieanwendungen. Für die 2. Auflage wurden alle Kapitel aktualisiert und zum Teil neu verfasst. Neu hinzugekommen ist ein Kapitel über Bildgebung und Klassifikation der Verletzungen. Die umfassende Grundlage für eine differenzierte und fundierte Behandlung verletzter Kinder und Jugendlicher!

In dem praxisrelevanten Nachschlagewerk beschreiben ausgewiesene Experten umfassend alle relevanten Aspekte der taktischen Notfallmedizin. Es richtet sich an Soldaten, Polizisten und Angehöriger anderer Behörden sowie der Rettungsdienst-/Hilfsorganisationen und Feuerwehren. Dargestellt werden u.a. die Grundlagen, wie Einsatzplanung, Ausrüstung, Evakuierung sowie die häufigsten Krankheitsbilder- und Verletzungsmuster, wie Schuss- und Sprengverletzungen, Verbrennungen, Augennotfälle und psychisches Trauma. Auch auf die Besonderheiten bei extremen klimatischen Bedingungen sowie das beste Vorgehen bei Verletzungen durch ABC-Waffen geht das Werk ein. Darüber hinaus werden die Rollen von Rettungsdienst, Feuerwehr und Polizei bei besonderen Einsatzlagen beleuchtet und auf die Schnittstellenproblematik zwischen diesen Organisationen eingegangen. Die 3. Auflage erscheint komplett überarbeitet, aktualisiert und um die Themen „Prolonged Field Care“, Crush-Syndrom und Warmblutspende erweitert.

This surgical atlas of laparoscopic, hysteroscopic, and robotic gynecologic procedures includes contemporary images. With endoscopic innovation and technology this resource includes access to high quality images essential for medical education and surgical procedures.This atlas serves to address gaps in high quality, up-to-date images and online access to a concise reference. This atlas includes surgical anatomy and different disease sites, including the uterus, ovaries, and vasculature of the pelvis. Chapters then move to cover specific diseases and the common and uncommon gynecologic procedures to treat them. This includes endometriosis, uterine pathology, and adnexal masses/ovarian cysts. Chapters are enhanced by high quality images and online reference access. This is an ideal guide for gynecological surgeons, gynecologic surgical subspecialty fellows, gynecologists, and residents.

This unique medical guide focuses on scars. The impact of scars is often underestimated and rarely discussed, and they are considered an inevitable side effect of surgery or trauma. Although therapies for distressing scars do exist, many are based on myths rather than evidence. This strongly practice-oriented book provides step-by-step instructions with scales and measuring instruments for assessing scars. Featuring brief abstracts and summaries, this valuable reference resource benefits clinical professionals such as doctors and nurses alike. It will appeal to practitioners who want to understand the nature and background of planned treatments, and to non-experts who simply want to broaden their medical horizons.

Das Buch unterstützt alle, die an Visiten teilnehmen, darin, ihre Aufgaben und Kompetenzen in der Visite professionell einzubringen. Die Visite ist in ihren Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und Anforderungen an Teilnehmende hochkomplex und Orientierungshilfen sind Mangelware. Wer im Beruf anfängt, fühlt sich aufgrund fehlender Leitstrukturen oft überfordert, kann bestehende Muster der Visite nur reproduzieren und aus Fehlern lernen. Leitspruch dieses Visiten-Leitfadens ist daher: Alle können die Ressource der Visite nutzen, wenn sie die Visite als Teil des professionellen Handelns begreifen. Das Rüstzeug dafür bietet dieses Buch: Nicht nur Berufsanfänger•innen im ärztlichen, pflegerischen und therapeutischen Team im Krankenhaus sind angesprochen, sondern auch alle, die regelmäßig an Visiten teilnehmen oder sie organisieren.

This book provides practice questions in a case-based format to prepare for the National Board of Echocardiography's examination to assess “Special Competence in Critical Care Echocardiography”.Focused on the exam's core topics, this textbook caters to physicians who are preparing for the Critical Care Echocardiography board examination. Defining features of each chapter include case based scenarios with videos and supporting images, meaningful and relevant multiple-choice questions, key take-aways and a summary. This book is the product of a multidisciplinary collaboration between ICU physicians (Pulmonary, Internal Medicine and Anesthesiology), Cardiologists, and Anesthesiologists.This book meets the needs of physicians from various disciplines preparing for the critical care echocardiography board examination.

Body contouring surgeries are pretty common among plastic surgeons and the Brazilian Plastic Surgery is one of the most recognized in terms of innovations. This book proposes a new approach for treatment of all body abnormalities in order to achieve aesthetic improvement. Written by Brazilian expert contributors, it addresses all body segments related to body contouring, such as breast, abdomen, dorsum, buttocks, lower and upper limbs, and also body lifting techniques after large weight loss. Associated surgeries, new invasive and non-invasive techniques and technologies such as: robotics, lasers, ultrasound, among others will be carefully described in 59 chapters. The work will also discuss the behavior of lipografting to improve body contouring as well as the importance of isolated medial tight lifting. Body contouring - Current Concepts and Best Practices is richly illustrated by images and will be a reference book for plastic surgeons worldwide.

This textbook offers a state-of-the-art description of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although GERD is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, its diagnosis and management are often challenging. Expert physicians provide an evidence- and experience-based analysis in each chapter.Aimed at primary care physicians, internal medicine doctors, gastroenterologists, pulmonologists, surgeons, and medical students, the goal is to have a comprehensive and detailed easy-to-read book.

A concise, portable surgery reference for residents, fellows, and attendings, this book covers a wide range of the most commonly performed procedures in general surgery. The information is presented in a clear and concise manner with a logical layout. A pocketbook size, this allows readers to use the book on the go and between cases. Focusing on a variety of surgical procedures it can be used to check up throughout the day to check up on operations at any given time. The comprehensive illustrations help the reader to understand the procedures described, thanks to inter-operative photographs which provide accurate representations of the various techniques of the operations. The wide scope of this book ensures coverage of the most common general surgery procedures and the most common operations that faculty, residents and students encounter.

Minimieren Sie Ihre Risiken mit klinischem Risikomanagement.Klinisches Risikomanagement und Patientensicherheit sind unverzichtbare Bestandteile ärztlichen und pflegerischen Handelns.Experten erläutern Grundlagen, zeigen praktische Lösungen und stellen Werkzeuge vor wie: Checklisten, Standard Operating Procedures, Critical Incident Reporting-Systeme, Mortalitäts- & Morbiditäts-Konferenzen, Peer Reviews, Ursachenanalysen wie dem London Protokoll, Simulationen und Szenarioanalysen, Einsatz von Qualitätsindikatoren und Patientensicherheitsindikatoren sowie Risiko-Audits. Erfassen und bewerten Sie Risiken mit Qualitäts- und Patientensicherheitsindikatoren unter Verwendung anerkannter Risikomanagementnormen wie der ISO-Norm 31000. Das vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Handbuch deckt Themen ab wie: Führung, Strategieentwicklung, Teamentwicklung, Mitarbeitermotivation, Organisationales Lernen, Etablierung einer Sicherheitskultur. Und greift aktuelle Themen wie Digitalisierung, neueste Human Factor-Forschungen und die Rolle der Architektur für Patientensicherheit auf.Es werden sowohl medizinische, managementbezogene, ökonomische, psychologische, juristische als auch technische Themen angesprochen, um den Lesern alles an die Hand zu geben, um ein effizientes Risikomanagement - am eigenen Bedarf orientiert - zu implementieren. Es richtet sich an Entscheidungsträger und Führungskräfte sowie an die vielen Umsetzer vor Ort, wie Geschäftsführer, Ärztliche Direktoren, Pflegedirektoren, Chefärzte, Oberärzte, Pflegedienstleitungen, Stationsleitungen, Risikomanager, Patientensicherheitsbeauftragte, Qualitätsmanager- und -beauftragte, Personalmanager, Hygienemanager und -beauftragte, IT-Führungskräfte, Apotheker, Medizintechniker, Bautechniker, Krisenmanager und Juristen.