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This book provides the reader with a focused review of multimodality imaging strategies (radiology and molecular imaging) in staging and re-staging the major types of cancer (i.e. thyroid, breast, colon-rectum, lung, prostate, pancreas, liver, head and neck, and hematological cancer), including rare neoplasms. In addition to presenting the possible diagnostic pathways for all oncologic diseases, the book identifies those interventions currently available in clinical practice (these being a branch of interventional radiology), while also examining and detailing molecular radiotherapy strategies. The work has an interdisciplinary appeal and, thanks to its highly informative and cutting-edge coverage, professionals as well as advanced students and residents in radiology, oncology and surgery will find it of particular interest.

This book discusses the role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with specific cancers. It presents the incidence, pathophysiologic and clinical aspects of the disease, the use of nuclear imaging in diagnosis, staging requirements, management of specific tumors, and surveillance after primary treatment of cancers. It addresses the various diagnostic/therapeutic options that are currently available or are most likely to become available in the near future according to a prioritized approach, thereby keeping to a minimum the number of diagnostic imaging procedures the patient is expected to undergo.Topics include basic science, clinical applications, radionuclide therapy, radioguided surgery, heart disease in the cancer patient, and adverse effects of cancer therapy. Each clinical chapter discusses the radionuclide procedures within an integrated framework, thereby identifying the information required for effective treatment of specific tumors. The book concludes with a series of updated cases that define and expand the didactic material in the clinical application chapters. Thoroughly updated and revised, the third edition incorporates new clinical evidence validating the use of radionuclides for diagnosis and therapy in oncology, new radiotracers, and the growing integration of imaging modalities into different types of hybrid imaging.With contributions from a group of internationally distinguished practitioners, Nuclear Oncology: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Applications, Third Edition, is a valuable reference for nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, medical and surgical oncologists, and other clinicians involved in the care and management of cancer patients.

This contributed book covers all aspects concerning the clinical scenario of breast cancer in young women, providing physicians with the latest information on the topic. Young women are a special subset of patients whose care requires dedicated expertise. The book, written and edited by internationally recognized experts who have been directly involved in the international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women, pays particular attention to how the disease and its planned treatment can be effectively communicated to young patients. Highly informative and carefully structured, it provides both theoretical and practice-oriented insight for practitioners and professionals involved in the different phases of treatment, from diagnosis to intervention, to follow-up – without neglecting the important role played by prevention.

This open access book summarizes the latest scientific findings regarding the biological effects of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident in 2011.Various cases of changes in animals and organisms have been reported since the FNPP accident. However, it is often unknown whether they are actually due to radiation, since the dose or dose-rate are not necessarily associated with the changes observed. This book brings together the works of radiation biologists and ecologists to provide reliable radioecology data and gives insight into future radioprotection.The book examines the environmental pollution and radiation exposure, and contains valuable data from abandoned livestock in the ex-evacuation zone and from wild animals including invertebrates and vertebrates, aqueous and terrestrial animals, and plants that are subjected to long-term exposure in the area still affected by radiation. It also analyzes dose evaluation, and offers new perspectives gained from the accident, as well as an overview for future studies to promote radioprotection of humans and the ecosystem.Since the biological impact of radiation is influenced by various factors, it is difficult to scientifically define the effects of low-dose/low-dose-rate radiation. However, the detailed research data presented can be combined with the latest scientific and technological advances, such as artificial intelligence, to provide new insights in the future.This book is a unique and valuable resource for researchers, professionals and anyone interested in the impact of exposure to radiation or contamination with radioactive materials.

Radiobiology Self-Assessment Guide--a companion to the Radiation Oncology Self-Assessment Guide and Physics in Radiation Oncology Self-Assessment Guide--is a comprehensive review for practitioners of radiation oncology looking to enhance their knowledge of radiobiology. It covers in depth the principles of radiobiology as applied to radiation oncology along with their clinical applications. To foster retention of key concepts and data, the resource utilizes a user-friendly'flash card'question and answer format with over 700 questions. The questions are supported by detailed answers and rationales along with reference citations for source information.The guide is comprised of 29 chapters and cover topics commonly found on the radiation and cancer biology portion of the radiation oncology board examination. Aspects of basic radiobiology covered include fundamentals such as cell cycle, cell survival curves and interactions of radiation with matter, and acute and long-term sequelae of radiation. Modern concepts such as immunotherapy, radiogenomics, and normal and cancer stem cells are also included. Focused and authoritative, this must-have review provides the expertise of faculty from the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute and Lerner Research Institute.Key Features:Provides a comprehensive study guide for the Radiation and Cancer Biology portion to the Radiation Oncology Board ExamIncludes more than 700 questions with detailed answers and rationales on flip pages for easy, flash card-like reviewIncludes essential review of cancer biology concepts such as immunotherapy, stem cells, gene therapy, chemotherapy and targeted agentsContent provided by a vast array of contributors, including attending radiation oncology physicians, physicists, and radiation oncology residents

Dit boek maakt deel uit van de serie Medische Beeldvorming en Radiotherapie. Na de bespreking van het wettelijk kader waarbinnen de stralingsbescherming is geregeld, worden in een drietal hoofdstukken de stralingsbeschermende maatregelen binnen de radiodiagnostiek, teletherapie en brachytherapie behandeld. Met de celbiologie als uitgangspunt wordt in eerste instantie ingegaan op de mogelijke biologische effecten van ioniserende straling op normale en pathologische cellen.Radiobiologie en stralingsbescherming is behalve voor radiologisch laboranten in opleiding ook bij uitstek geschikt voor hen die reeds de (initiële) opleiding hebben afgesloten. Het niveau van de inhoud van dit boek komt overeen met het niveau stralingsveiligheid 4A, waarvan de kaders in de kernenergiewet zijn weergegeven. Dientengevolge vormt het boek ook een goede introductie voor hen die zich willen voorbereiden op de opleiding stralingsveiligheid niveau 4B en 3, zoals medisch nucleairwerker, al dan niet in opleiding, radiodiagnosten, nucleair geneeskundigen, klinisch fysici, biologen, biochemici en apothekers.

Thoroughly revised and extensively expanded, this encyclopedic, highly acclaimed title addresses all aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, initial treatment and long-term management of all varieties of thyroid cancer. Expertly edited by Drs. Leonard Wartofsky and Douglas Van Nostrand, this gold standard reference is divided into 11 Parts: General Considerations on Thyroid Cancer; General Considerations on Nuclear Medicine; the Thyroid Nodule; Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer; Variants of Thyroid Cancer, Undifferentiated Tumors: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma; Undifferentiated Tumors: Thyroid Lymphoma; Undifferentiated Tumors: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer; New Frontiers and Future Directions; and Additional Resources. With exceptional breadth and depth, the book includes chapters dedicated to isotopes, isotope uptake and scanning procedures such as SPECT/CT, radioiodine ablation (with or without recombinant human TSH), stunning, dosimetry (with or without recombinant human TSH), Octreotide and FDG-PET scanning and other alternative imaging modalities. There is a valuable reference atlas of scan images and illustrations, and a scholarly summary of the side effects of radioiodine and how to avoid or minimize adverse effects of treatment. In addition to an updated section on ultrasonography of the thyroid gland, new sections have been added, including ones on ultrasonography of cervical lymph nodes and imaging for thyroid cancer employing computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An indispensable reference source with chapters written by the field's leading authoritative experts, Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management, Third Edition, will be of great interest to not only pathologists, endocrine surgeons, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and oncologists but all clinicians with an interest in thyroid cancer.

Treatment of Cancer, Sixth Edition is a multi-authored work based on a single theme-the optimal treatment of cancer. A comprehensive guide to modern cancer treatment, it supports an integrated approach to patient care including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. The sixth edition has been completely updated to create a useful, practical guide

For all radiologists diagnosing infants and children, knowledge of best practices in pediatric imaging is essential to safely obtaining high-quality images and achieving accurate diagnoses. This practical text covers current guidelines and key topics in the field, including choice of modality, equipment and dosages, child-specific diseases, typical imaging findings, differential diagnostic aspects, and safety factors. This book is invaluable for all clinicians and radiologists who diagnose and manage this sensitive population. Special Features:Explores the use of all standard imaging modalities in children as compared to adults, especially with regard to ultrasound, CT, and MRI Supplies more than 600 high-quality images to help in interpreting findings, including imaging of suspected child abuse Shows how to adapt examination protocols and equipment requirements for the specialized needs of pediatric patients Describes important safety protection measures in children utilizing the ALARA principle of radiation exposure (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) Summarizes a wide array of pediatric diseases and disorders in a concise, checklist format, including clinical features, imaging findings, differential diagnosis, associated syndromes, and treatment recommendations Includes lists of indications, summary tables, imaging protocols, case studies, and quiz questions to test your knowledge This book provides a fundamental understanding of imaging in infants and children and is an ideal, practice-oriented reference for residents, fellows in pediatric radiology, and general radiologists. It is also written for pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, and other interested doctors and specialists who want to know more about imaging specifics in the pediatric age group.

This pioneering book, now in its fourth edition, presents the cutting-edge developments in pediatric nuclear medicine. Thoroughly revised and updated, it retains the fundamentals that anchor the book's distinguished reputation and includes the latest advances in PET/CT, SPECT, hybrid imaging, and molecular imaging. Pediatric Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Fourth Edition, is an excellent resource for nuclear medicine physicians, diagnostic radiologists, pediatricians, and residents and fellows. The Fourth Edition features:· 16 new chapters, including PET and PET/CT in Children and Young Adults; Lymphoscintigraphy; Skeletal Scintigraphy; Neuroblastoma; Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Functional Imaging of Pediatric Musculoskeletal Tumors; Solid Tumors in Childhood; Pediatric Molecular Imaging; Combined PET/MRI in Childhood; Radiation Exposures; Radiation Protection in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine; and Dose Optimization in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine. · Discussion of the use of image fusion and hybrid imaging in children.· Strategies for communicating potential radiation risk to patients, families and members of the healthcare team.· Methods to optimize pediatric radiopharmaceutical administered doses and improve image quality. S. Ted Treves, MD, is Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School, Founder and Former Chief, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Children's Hospital Boston (1970-2011). In 2013, he received the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging's Georg Charles de Hevesy Nuclear Pioneer Award for outstanding contributions to the field of Nuclear Medicine.

Nuclear Oncology: Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications is a comprehensive textbook covering the increasing role of radionuclide-based technologies in the management of oncologic patients, with disease-oriented chapters giving a detailed overview of current indications and developments. Topics covered include instrumentation, physics, radiobiology, radioguided surgery, and radionuclide therapy, which is discussed with useful separate topics describing the importance of organ function assessment after cancer therapies in the heart, lung, kidney and the gastro-intestinal tract. Additionally, significant aspects of cancer biology and molecular imaging are discussed, as well as appropriate tracers for both single- and positron-emitting radionuclides. Individual chapters in the book focus on the most common cancers occurring in adults and children, detailing radionuclide procedures within an integrated framework identifying the information required for effective treatment of specific tumors. These clinical chapters provide a description of the epidemiology, etiology, histologic and pathophysiologic classification, prognosis, treatment, and most common outcome for each type of cancer. With contributions from a group of internationally-distinguished practitioners, Nuclear Oncology: Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications serves as a valuable compendium of knowledge for nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists and other clinicians involved in the care and management of cancer patients.

This book explains clearly and in detail all aspects of radiation protection in nuclear medicine, including measurement quantities and units, detectors and dosimeters, and radiation biology. Discussion of radiation doses to patients and to embryos, fetuses, and children forms a central part of the book. Phantom models, biokinetic models, calculations, and software solutions are all considered, and a further chapter is devoted to quality assurance and reference levels. Occupational exposure also receives detailed attention. Exposure resulting from the production, labeling, and injection of radiopharmaceuticals and from contact with patients is discussed and shielding calculations are explained. The book closes by considering exposure of the public and summarizing the'rules of thumb'for radiation protection in nuclear medicine. This is an ideal textbook for students and a ready source of useful information for nuclear medicine specialists and medical physics experts.

Die gesamte Onkologie – verlässliches Wissen für Ihre Kompetenz!'Die Onkologie'stellt sich der Herausforderung, das ständig wachsende Wissen über Tumorerkrankungen in seiner Gesamtheit zu vermitteln. Sowohl inhaltlich als auch didaktisch auf höchstem Niveau: Fundiertes Grundlagenwissen zum umfassenden Nachschlagen Praxisrelevantes Know-how für Diagnostik und Therapie Systematischer Aufbau für das Verständnis der komplexen Zusammenhänge Angesehene Experten aus Klinik, Forschung und Praxis liefern Ihnen in Teil1 Klinisches Grundlagenwissen zu den Grundprinzipien der Therapie, Epidemiologie, Ätiologie und Pathogenese, sowie zu Komplikationen des malignen Wachstums. Teil 2 enthält umsetzbare und aktuelle Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie aller relevanten soliden Tumoren und malignen Systemerkrankungen. Zum Nachschlagen und Anwenden: Finden Sie alle Optionen - auch für Ihren schwierigsten Fall. Der übersichtliche Aufbau und die exzellenten Abbildungen erleichtern Ihnen das schnelle Auffinden und Verständnis der gesuchten Informationen. Für den Alltag onkologisch tätiger Ärzte ist Die Onkologie ein unentbehrlicher Meilenstein.

Die Neuropathologie hat sich dank ihrer engen Anlehnung an klinische Fragestellungen, ihrer klaren Diktion und der reichhaltigen Bebilderung rasch einen breiten Leserkreis unter neurologisch interessierten Ärzten und Pathologen erworben. Nach wie vor ist die Morphologie der Krankheiten des Nervensystems und der Skelettmuskulatur die Voraussetzung für das Verständnis der Pathogenese und die Basis der neurologischen, neurochirurgischen und -radiologischen Diagnostik; von gleichem Interesse aber auch für Psychiater und Neuropädiater in Klinik und Praxis. Die rasche Entwicklung der Molekulargenetik mit ihrer Konsequenz neuer Klassifikationen, differenzierter Diagnostik und Prognoseeinschätzung machte eine 3. Auflage notwendig. Einige neue Autoren mit speziellen Erfahrungen, z.B. auf dem Gebiet der Prionenerkrankungen, bürgen für die Aktualität der Darstellungen.

Namhafte Wissenschaftler beschreiben an ausgewählten Beispielen die in den zurückliegenden 100 Jahren durch die Entdeckung der Röntgenstrahlen ausgelösten Forschungen und Entwicklungen in der Medizin (Radiologische Diagnostik, Strahlentherapie, Interventionelle Radiologie, Strahlenbiologie, Dosimetrie, Röntgenstrahlen in der Veterinärmedizin und in der Rechtsmedizin) sowie in den Natur- und Technikwissenschaften (Physik, Kristallographie, Chemie, Biochemie, Astronomie, Materialwissenschaften und -technik, Spektroskopie, Makro- und Mikroanalytik, Materialprüfung und Röntgenlithographie). Außerdem werden Anwendungen der Röntgenstrahlen in der Archäologie, Paläontologie und in der Kunst dargelegt.

Das Handbuch diagnostische Radiologie stellt in 9 Bänden die modernen radiodiagnostischen Möglichkeiten dar. Die Visualisierung von Organerkrankungen wird von den pathologisch-anatomischen Grundlagen über die klinische Symptomatik bis zur diagnostischen Praxis in synoptischer Betrachtungsweise beschrieben. Die klare Darstellung der Methoden mit Vergleich und Wertung, Einsatzmöglichkeiten und sinnvollen Indikationen unterstützt den Arzt bei der zielgerichteten Diagnosefindung. Alle Inhalte sind praxisgerecht und übersichtlich aufbereitet. Die einheitlich strukturierten Kapitel mit einer Fülle instruktiver Abbildungen sorgen für schnelle Orientierung. Ein Nachschlagewerk, das in der täglichen Routine und bei Problemfällen Hilfe bietet und Lücken zwischen bekannten Monographien über einzelne, sehr spezialisierte Themen schließt.

In the United States in 1997, 28800 new cases of malignant tumors of the kidney and renal pelvis were diagnosed along with 2100 new cases of malignant tumors of the ureter and other urinary organs, 7200 primary malignant tumors of the testis, and 1300 primary malignant tumors of the penis and other genital organs. In large measure, surgery is the treatment of choice for these tumors, but radiation therapy is in­ creasingly recognized as having significant and important curative and palliative bene­ fits in each of these tumor sites. Surgery is the standard form of treatment for non­ metastatic renal cell carcinomas as well as for malignancies of the renal pelvis and ureter, with radical nephrectomy and radical uretectomy being employed. However, postoperative radiation therapy is of value for those patients who demonstrate evi­ dence of residual tumor following surgery, transection of tumor during surgery, or positive regional lymph node drainage. As regards the rare tumors that involve the female urethra, surgical resection is appropriate for those that are limited and local in character and amenable to partial ureterectomy. With tumors that are more advanced in character, however, local recurrence and lymphatic dissemination are significant problems, and treatmentby radiation therapy programs alone yield satisfactory control rates as well as limited recurrences and long-term survivors. For primary tumors involving the testis, the major approach to nonseminomatous tumors is surgical resection with postsurgical systemic chemotherapy.

The literature on the late effects of cancer treatment is widely scattered in different journals since all major organ systems are affected and management is based on a variety of medical and surgical treatments. The aim of'ALERT – Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment'is to offer a coherent multidisciplinary approach to the care of cancer survivors. The Volume focuses on the general concepts and principles relevant to late effects and on the dynamic interplay of molecular, cytologic and histopathologic events that lead to altered physiologic and metabolic functions and their clinical manifestations. Chapters are also included on legal issues, economic aspects, nursing, psychological issues and quality of life. It is anticipated that this textbook will become the gold standard in providing information on the late effects of cancer treatment and that, in its digitized form, it will be referenced in cancer survivorship guidelines.

Die Wirkung ionisierender Strahlen im Niedrigdosenbereich mit den möglichen Risiken von Spätschäden wird derzeit noch kontrovers diskutiert. Verschiedene Ansätze und Studien zu diesem Problemkreis wurden von Experten unterschiedlicher Fachrichtungen - der Strahlenbiologie, Nuklearmedizin und Physik - im Laufe des Symposiums vorgestellt. Die Diskussion betraf vor allem genetische Schäden, die sich auf Grund tierexperimenteller Daten belegen lassen sowie Untersuchungen zu kanzerogenen und teratogenen Effekten von Niedrigstdosisstrahlen, vor allem durch natürliche Grundstrahlung oder durch Exponierung in der Strahlenmedizin. Von besonderem Interesse sind die Ergebnisse der Neubewertung des Strahlenkrebsrisikos von Überlebenden der Atombombenexplosionen in Japan. Messungen und Beurteilungen der Gesundheitsrisiken im Zusammenhang mit der Reaktorkatastrophe von Tschernobyl bilden die Grundlage für weitere Diskussionen über Gefahren und Nutzen der Kernenergie.

While specialists often guide the care to lung cancer patients, it is often a general radiologist who is left to interpret studies that impact patient care and management. Lung Cancer Imaging provides a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis, staging and overview of the management of lung cancer relevant to practicing radiologists so that they can better understand the decision making issues and provide more directed and useful communication to the treating physicians. It Primary Care physicians will also find this book valuable to understand the relevant issues that they face when one of their patients is being treated for lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the neoplastic disease with the highest mortality numbers in the world. The disease is very common in industrialized countries. This textbook synthesizes the basic science of lung cancer with state-of-the-art accounts of diagnosis and treatment. Written by a distinguished panel of experts from Europe, Asia, and North America, it covers all of the most important fields: biology, pathology, epidemiology, screening, diagnosis, therapy, supportive care, and prognosis. All physicians caring for patients with lung cancer, especially surgeons, chest physicians, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists, will find a wealth of information that meets their needs. Whenever possible, the principles of evidence-based medicine are followed by providing data from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, methodology-based guidelines, and randomized clinical trials.

As an addition to the European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons we began to publish in 1974 this series of Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. This series was first discussed in 1972 at a combined meeting of the Italian and German Neurosurgical Societies in Taormina, the founding fathers of the series being Jean Brihaye, Bernard Pertuiset, Fritz Loew and Hugo Krayenbiihl. Thus were established the principles of European co­ operation which have been born from the European spirit, flourished in the European Association, and have throughout been associated with this series. The fact that the English language is well on the way to becoming the international medium at European scientific conferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore we have decided to publish all contributions in English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publication of any volume. Our series is not intended to compete with the publications of original scientific papers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions are written by spe­ cialists in the given fields and constitute the first part of each volume.

This book has been written for radiologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, neurosur­ geons, plastic surgeons, and others interested in the evaluation of disorders with ophthalmologic signs and symptoms. It is designed to provide recent knowledge in this area derived from ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the past decade, the advent of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and more recently magnetic resonance imaging has provided diagnostic images of the eye, orbit, and brain in a fashion that had been a dream of many prior to the develop­ ment of these techniques. These newer modes of diagnosis have replaced some previous techniques, such as nuclear medicine imaging and, to some degree, vascular studies and orbitography. There are three sections to this book. The first section is a discussion of the imaging techniques. The second is devoted to the role of these imaging methods in the evaluation of ophthalmic disorders. The last section, dealing with radiotherapy for ophthalmologic tumors, is included because the current imaging techniques are needed for treatment planning. We wish to thank the many people who have assisted us in preparing this manuscript. Among these are many librarians, secretaries, trainees, and photographers. Weare especially indebted to artist Peter Clark for his illustrations and to Mr. Martin Leibo­ vici, Associate Curator of New York University Medical School and Director of Health Sciences Library of Goldwater Memorial Hospital, New York City. Also, we wish to thank our families for their help and patience.

Radiology has been transformed by new imaging advances and a greater demand for imaging, along with a much lower tolerance for error as part of the Quality & Safety revolution in healthcare. With a greater emphasis on patient safety and quality in imaging practice, imaging specialists are increasingly charged with ensuring patient safety and demonstrating that everything done for patients in their care meets the highest quality and safety standards. This book offers practical guidance on understanding, creating, and implementing quality management programs in Radiology. Chapters are comprehensive, detailed, and organized into three sections: Core Concepts, Management Concepts, and Educational & Special Concepts. Discussions are applicable to all practice settings: community hospitals, private practice, academic radiology, and government/military practice, as well as to those preparing for the quality and safety questions on the American Board of Radiology's'Maintenance of Certification'or initial Board Certification Examinations. Bringing together the various elements that comprise the quality and safety agenda for Radiology, this book serves as a thorough roadmap and resource for radiologists, technicians, and radiology managers and administrators.

The radiation therapist's primary concern is the treatment of patients with malignant dis­ ease. However, there are definite indications for radiation treatment for benign diseases that do not respond to conventional methods of treatment. It may be the treatment of choice in the unusual instance of a life-threatening benign disease that cannot be surgi­ cally or medically managed. The present volume by Order and Donaldson represents a major statement on the uti­ lization of radiation techniques in the management of benign disease. The initial report of the Committee on Radiation Treatment of Benign Disease from the Bureau of Radiological Health recommended that consideration be given to the quality of radiation, the total dose, overall time, underlying organs at risk and shielding factors before the institution of radiation therapy. Infants and children should be treated with ionizing radiation only in very exceptional cases and after careful evaluation of the potential risk compared with the expected benefit. Direct irradiation of the skin areas overlying organs that are particularly prone to late effects such as the thyroid, eye, go­ nads, bone marrow, and breast should be avoided. Meticulous radiation protection tech­ niques should be used in all instances and the depth of penetration of the x-ray beam should be chosen in accordance with depth of the pathologic process'.

This book has been edited by two of the best known experts in the field of breast diseases. It was in 1975 that MICHAEL FRIEDRICH, Professor of Radiology at the Free University of Berlin, commenced his efforts to develop and improve mammography so as to allow the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The outstanding results that he has achieved have led to awards from the German Radiological Society (the Hermann-Holthusen-Ring) and the Medical High School, Hannover (the Johann-Georg-Zimmermann Prize). EDWARD ALLEN SICKLES, Professor of Radiology and Chief of the Breast Imaging Section at the University of California San Francisco, has since 1976 devoted much effort to comparison of the different methods of diagnostic radiology of the breast, including ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. He has received many distinctions and important awards in recognition of his studies. Professor Sickles is one of the leading radiologists in this field of research in the United States, and is well known all over the world.

This renowned work is derived from the authors'acclaimed national review course (“Physics of Medical Imaging') at the University of California-Davis for radiology residents. The text is a guide to the fundamental principles of medical imaging physics, radiation protection and radiation biology, with complex topics presented in the clear and concise manner and style for which these authors are known. Coverage includes the production, characteristics and interactions of ionizing radiation used in medical imaging and the imaging modalities in which they are used, including radiography, mammography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography and nuclear medicine. Special attention is paid to optimizing patient dose in each of these modalities. Sections of the book address topics common to all forms of diagnostic imaging, including image quality and medical informatics as well as the non-ionizing medical imaging modalities of MRI and ultrasound. The basic science important to nuclear imaging, including the nature and production of radioactivity, internal dosimetry and radiation detection and measurement, are presented clearly and concisely. Current concepts in the fields of radiation biology and radiation protection relevant to medical imaging, and a number of helpful appendices complete this comprehensive textbook. The text is enhanced by numerous full color charts, tables, images and superb illustrations that reinforce central concepts. The book is ideal for medical imaging professionals, and teachers and students in medical physics and biomedical engineering. Radiology residents will find this text especially useful in bolstering their understanding of imaging physics and related topics prior to board exams.

Die Neuropathologie umfasst die Krankheiten des zentralen und peripheren Nervensystems mit seinen Hüllen sowie der Skelettmuskulatur. Die vorliegende Auflage folgt in ihrer Didaktik und Gestaltung der erfolgreichen vorigen Auflage. Berücksichtigt werden zahlreiche neue Krankheiten und Entitäten, die seither durch die Genetik oder neue Techniken der Immunhistochemie und Molekularbiologie entdeckt oder abgegrenzt worden sind. Viele neue, größtenteils farbige, repräsentative Abbildungen und Tabellen dokumentieren den Fortschritt, ohne den übersichtlichen Charakter des Werkes und damit seine Zielrichtung als Hilfe in der praktisch-neuropathologischen/pathologischen und klinisch-neurologischen/neurochirurgischen Diagnostik zu mindern. Im Vordergrund steht die Morphologie, Pathogenese, Ätiologie und Diagnostik der Erkrankungen, wobei auch klinische Aspekte berücksichtigt werden. Nach wie vor ist die Kenntnis der Morphologie die Basis und Voraussetzung für das Verständnis der Krankheiten in Klinik und Praxis.

This wonderful, profusely illustrated book provides a concise and thoughtful review of all the important diseases of the child's brain. The lesions are well organized into logical categories that help the reader to remember the information conveyed. The important features of each entity are discussed thoroughly. Data from the literature are documented by selected references and are clearly distinguished from the authors'personal experience. The gross pathology of each disease is illustrated by well selected, high quality CT scans and supporting neuroradiological studies. Each caption begins with the relevant clinical data, so the reader understands the clinical context in which the study was obtained. The caption then describes the specific CT features of the case, so the reader learns to interpret the images correctly to arrive at the final diagnosis. By this technique, the authors provide the reader with a large experience in all aspects of pediatric cranial CT and teach him to distinguish properly among the diverse disease states. The authors must be congratulated for their excellence and their me­ ticulous attention to detail. They have written an important book that brings together the fields of pediatric neurology and pediatric cranial CT, enhancing both. This volume is a necessary addition to the personal and professional libraries of all physicians who care for children: pediatri­ cians, neurologists, neurosurgeons and radiologists. I feel I am a better physician for having read this text.

Significant recent advances in the imaging of the lower urinary tract are comprehensively presented in this handbook. It offers information on both imaging examinations and interventional techniques with all the modern modalities, including MRI and ultrasound. The contributors are all experts in clinical urology; their varying and at times conflicting opinions track the fast-moving pace in the field and demonstrate the complexity of the subject. The approach is disease-oriented, though grouped by anatomic region. Each chapter covers etiology, physiology, pathology, epidemiology, clinical presentations and especially diagnostic imaging, but also the appropriate interventional radiologic techniques for both diagnosis and treatment.

Material for this book was gathered in the early 1980's in Manchester, where a higher incidence than usual of complications in the gastro-intestinal and urinary tract was observed. Part I describes the principles and methods of radiotherapy for pelvic tumours, pathological features and radiological analysis of bowel and urinary tract changes. Parts II and III are devoted to clinical assessment and management, where the need for a multi-diciplinary approach is emphasized.

The aim of radiation protection standards is to make the radiation workplace as safe as is humanly possible. The gradual evolution over the last 20 years has been towards a more precise definition of the limits for occupational exposure. These have been created not only in terms of short-term effects but also more importantly in terms of long-term risks involving such problems as the potential for carcinogenesis and genetic change. In the United States the National Committee for Radiation Protection has recom­ mended that 5 rems (50 mSv) should remain as the maximum permissible dose equiva­ lent for total body exposure. This would represent the sum of internal and external ex­ posure and should be regarded as the upper limit allowed. The community of radiation users is required to conduct its operations in such a man­ ner that the absolute value of the individual's dose equivalent in rems does not exceed his age in years. There should be additional limits for tissues and organs based on short­ term effects. Therefore, individual organs are limited to dose equivalents low enough to ensure that the dose threshold values are not exceeded.

The biologic effects of radiation on normal tissues and tumors represent a complex area for investigation. These effects are of far-reaching consequence to the diagnostic radiologist and the radiation oncologist having a significant impact not only in concepts relative to radiation protection but also in concepts relative to tumor biology and its response to radiation injury. The volume edited by SCHERER, STREFFER, and TROTT represents an extension of basic radiation biology data into the effects of radiation in producing pathology in organs and tissues. The data presented by the multiple authors involved in this text cover essentially all tissues in the body with specific definition of radiopathology changes and their impact on clinical care of the patient. This volume represents an important and significant contribution toward a better understanding of these effects and the pathology produced by radiations. L. W. BRADY H.-P. HEILMANN F. HEUCK M. W. DONNER Philadelphia Hamburg Stuttgart Baltimore Preface This book represents an attempt to describe the clinical radiobiology of complications arising in different organs after radiotherapy of cancer patients. Since by their very nature malignant tumors infiltrate the organ in which they have arisen and the neighboring tissues, curative radiotherapy requires the planned irradiation of considerable amounts of healthy but potentially or microscopically involved normal tissues and organs with the full target dose. This may lead to early or late normal tissue radiation injury.

Scope and ideas of the workshop The workshop which took place at the University of Giessen from Oct. 3 to Oct. 7, 2002 and whose proceedings are collected in this volume started from the idea to convene a number of scientists with the aim to outline their ”visions” for the future of radiation research on the basis of their expertise. As radiation research is a very wide field restrictions were unavoidable. It was decided to concentrate this time mainly on molecular and cellular biology because it was felt that here action is par-ticularly needed. This did not exclude contributions from neighbouring fields as may be seen from the table of contents. It was clearly not planned to have a c- prehensive account of the present scientif fic achievements but the results presented should only serve as a starting point for the discussion of future lines of research, with the emphasis on the ”outreach” to other parts of life sciences. If you are interested in the future ask the young – we attempted, therefore, to invite mainly younger colleagues (with a few exceptions) who had, however, already left their marks in the field. They were asked to describe what they felt is important in radiation research and may have significant influences on other branches of life sciences. They were given the task to demonstrate what is lost for science ”if we do no longer exist”.

Radiation safety and risk management, a critical issue in the nuclear age, is an ongoing concern in the field of radiation health risk sciences. It is the particular mission and task of the Nagasaki University Global COE program to explore human health risks from radiation on a global scale and to come up with measures for overcoming its negative legacies. Ionizing radiation is a well-documented human cancer risk factor, and long-term health consequences in individuals exposed at a young age to such events as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombing are now being followed up. Unique and comprehensive, this book introduces updated radiation health-related issues, including the proper collection and analysis of biological samples, cancer research, psychological effects, fair disclosure, and the effects of low-dose exposure as they apply to future public health policy. Also addressed is the need for emergency radiation medicine in case of accidents.

La nueva edición de este best seller de referencia sobre la ultrasonografía en obstetricia y ginecología guía al especialista a través de las más recientes tecnologías en ultrasonido, permitiéndole diagnosticar los problemas con rigor y eficiencia y efectuar procedimientos médicos con confianza. El libro, dirigido por el reconocido experto Peter W. Callen, ha sido exhaustivamente actualizado por un gran número de especialistas en sus respectivos campos: casi dos tercios de los capítulos han sido escritos por nuevos autores y el resto se han revisado íntegramente. El objetivo del volumen es reflejar en su totalidad los últimos avances médicos en ultrasonografía, incluyendo la técnica de ultrasonido en 3-D, la última generación de escáneres de ultrasonido, el creciente rol del ultrasonido en ginecología, así como los abundantes debates y discusiones sobre el ultrasonido en ginecología. Los autores proporcionan, con un estilo acreditado y claro, los conocimientos prácticos para hacer un uso óptimo de las aplicaciones diagnósticas e intervencionales más recientes en ultrasonido. Se han incluido capítulos sobre tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnética y, por primera vez, un capítulo sobre ecografía mamaria. Además de las más de 2.400 imágenes ecográficas de alta calidad digital (1.050 a todo color) incluidas en el libro que muestran con precisión los detalles anatómicos clave, presenta numerosas ilustraciones médicas a color que ayudarán a clarificar los conceptos específicos. Asimismo, la obra cuenta con numerosas tablas y figuras, y apéndices a modo de referencia. El resultado es una obra fundamental tanto para el lector neófito en ecografía como al experto que use este libro como referencia. Por tanto, los capítulos pueden leerse en su totalidad desde el principio al final, o bien usarse como un texto de consulta.Magníficamente ilustrada y dirigida por el reconocido experto Peter W. Callen, la nueva edición de este best seller de referencia guía al especialista a través de las más recientes tecnologías en ultrasonido, permitiéndole diagnosticar los problemas con rigor y eficiencia y efectuar procedimientos médicos con confianza.Esta nueva edición ha sido exhaustivamente actualizada por un gran número de especialistas en sus respectivos campos: casi dos tercios de los capítulos han sido escritos por nuevos autores y el resto se han revisado íntegramente. Su objetivo es reflejar en su totalidad los últimos avances médicos en ultrasonografía, incluyendo la técnica de ultrasonido en 3-D, la última generación de escáneres de ultrasonido, el creciente rol del ultrasonido en ginecología, así como los abundantes debates y discusiones sobre el ultrasonido en ginecología.

Current radiation protection standards are based upon the application of the linear no-threshold (LNT) assumption, which considers that even very low doses of ionizing radiation can cause cancer. The radiation hormesis hypothesis, by contrast, proposes that low-dose ionizing radiation is beneficial. In this book, the author examines all facets of radiation hormesis in detail, including the history of the concept and mechanisms, and presents comprehensive, up-to-date reviews for major cancer types. It is explained how low-dose radiation can in fact decrease all-cause and all-cancer mortality and help to control metastatic cancer. Attention is also drawn to biases in epidemiological research when using the LNT assumption. The author shows how proponents of the LNT assumption consistently reject, manipulate, and deliberately ignore an overwhelming abundance of published data and falsely claim that no reliable data are available at doses of less than 100 mSv.

A dynamic, all-inclusive overview of the field of health physics If it's an important topic in the field of health physics, you'll find it in this trusted text... in sections on physical principles, atomic and nuclear structure, radioactivity, biological effects of radiation, and instrumentation. This one-of-a-kind guide spans the entire scope of the field and offers a problem-solving approach that will serve you throughout your career. Features: A thorough overview of need-to-know topics, from a review of physical principles to a useful look at the interaction of radiation with matter Chapter-ending practice problems to solidify your grasp of health physics topics and their real-world application Essential background material on quantitative risk assessment for health-threatening radiation dangers Authoritative radiation safety and environmental health coverage that supports the International Commission on Radiological Protection's standards for specific populations High-yield appendices to expand your comprehension of chapter material: Values of Some Useful Constants, Table of the Elements, The Reference Person, Specific Absorbed Fraction of Photon Energy, and Total Mass Attenuation Coefficients NEW! Essential coverage of non-ionizing radiation-laser and microwaves, computer use in dose calculation, and dose limit recommendations

Pediatric Nuclear Medicine has emerged as the standard text in the field. This timely new edition reflects the latest advances in PET, SPECT, and oncology. It has been thoroughly revised and updated to incorporate cutting-edge diagnostic techniques. The third edition serves as an excellent resource for physicians whose nuclear medicine practices include children and provides a vast amount of background material for residents in training. Strategically expanded throughout, the third edition features: - Discussions and examples of PET in pediatric oncology, neurology, and cardiology - A revamped chapter on SPECT - Explanations of the latest applications of SPECT - Presentation of comparative studies with MRI and CT, including image registration and fusion among MRI/SPECT, MRI/PET, SPECT/PET, SPECT/CT, and PET/CT - Revised sections on the cardiovascular system, the genitourinary system, neuroblastoma, scrotal scintigraphy, and thyroid diseases - Expanded coverage of oncology

Este livro apresenta uma abordagem clara e objetiva da radiologia oral e maxilofacial. Abrange os princípios básicos da física da radiação, radiobiologia, radioproteção e segurança, imagens técnicas e interpretação radiográfica das patologias. A obra reúne mais de 1.000 radiografias e ilustrações de alta-qualidade, uma seleção ampla de técnicas avançadas de imagens como Ressonância Magnética e Tomografia Computadorizada e traz uma discussão abrangente sobre as interpretações radiográficas e condições patológicas. É um guia prático para prover atendimento de excelência, assim como conhecimentos que permitam avaliar a eficácia das novas tecnologias no campo da radiologia oral e maxilofacial. Traz todas as informações que um estudante de odontologia ou um profissional precisa saber para se manter atualizado.

Written by international experts from around the globe, i.e., from the USA, Europe, Australasia, and Africa, this book explains technical issues, digital imaging, and collective experiences of practitioners in different parts of the world practicing a wide range of teleophthalmology applications. Ophthalmologists, optometrists, nurses, and primary care providers will find valuable and up-to-date information on how to successfully establish programs in this field.

Molecular-based medicine is taking center stage due to the increasing knowledge of breast cancer molecular biology. Treatment tailoring is no longer a dream for the future, but the main goal of current research. This book provides an overview of the most recent techniques, agents and approaches for breast cancer that contribute to the individualization of treatment. Current biomedical research focuses on facilitating the transfer of molecular biology knowledge into the clinical management of patients, leading to increased survival as well as improved quality of life. Particular attention is given in this book to organ-specific tailored approaches, specific populations, patients'preferences and rehabilitation. Also discussed in depth are the respective roles of pharmacotherapeutics modelling, functional imaging, molecular staging, genomics and proteomics and their impact on the're-classification'of breast cancer, as well as the clinical applications of basic science. The crucial issue of how to optimally integrate biological markers, new technologies and new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches into clinical trials and clinical practice is addressed. Combining the contributions from authors who are well known experts in these fields with editorial comments, this book provides an overview of the latest achievements in breast cancer and their use in clinical practice.

Management of Thyroid Cancer and Related Nodular Disease is an authoritative, readable book covering all aspects of thyroid cancer. The text is extensively referenced and includes personal experience of 35 years working with patients with thyroid disorders, including thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. The chapters are supplemented with many illustrations including pathology, thyroid and whole-body scans, ultrasounds and other nuclear medicine and radiological studies. Important questions that patients may ask their physicians are highlighted, indicating the topics the physician should cover. Thyroid anatomy and physiology, as well as the management of thyroid nodules are covered. There are several pathological varieties of thyroid cancer and these are reviewed with examples. A chapter about the etiology and pathogenesis of thyroid cancer covers the role of radiation and gene abnormalities. Chernobyl is referred to in this chapter as well. Management of Thyroid Cancer and Related Nodular Disease is designed for physicians, including primary care doctors, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, general and head and neck surgeons, oncologists and radiation oncologists. Others groups who will find an interest in part, or all of the book are residents, medical students, and nurse practitioners when they research a patient-related problem.

are new to this edition. The authors provide not only the The second edition of Thyroid Cancer: A Comp- most current review of their respective areas, but also their hensive Guide to Clinical Management marks the pub- own recommendations and approach. The reader is fo- cation of a markedly updated and expanded volume that warned that in many cases these approaches, albeit rooted covers all aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis, diag- sis, initial treatment, and long-term management of all in available data, may be empiric rather than based varieties of thyroid cancer. Like the first edition, it will upon clear-cut results of well-controlled clinical t- als. Nevertheless, controversial issues are examined serve as a valuable reference source for pathologists, and evidence-based recommendations are presented endocrine surgeons, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine when available. physicians, and oncologists. However, the biggest There are updated chapters on our current state change is that the second edition is significantly enlarged and expanded to encompass important and extensive of knowledge of the molecular changes in thyroid treatments of more topics related to nuclear medicine. cancer, molecular markers, and how targeted the- pies are being developed. New therapeutic trials of Nuclear medicine physicians and procedures play a key redifferentiation agents to restore the sodium iodide role in the management of thyroid cancer patients and in symporter when lacking and more traditional che- retrospect, a comprehensive discussion of topics related therapies are discussed, with referral sources listed for to that field was somewhat lacking in the first edition.

Nuclear medicine plays a crucial role in patient care, and this book is an essential guide for all practitioners to the many techniques that inform clinical management. The first part covers the scientific basis of nuclear medicine, the rest of the book deals with clinical applications. Diagnostic imaging has an increasingly important role in patient management and, despite advances in other modalities (functional MRI and spiral CT), nuclear medicine continues to make its unique contribution by its ability to demonstrate physiological function. This book is also expanded by covering areas of development in nuclear medicine, such as PET, methods of tumor imaging, and data processing. All illustrations for this new edition reflect current standards of image quality. This practical approach results in a book which is invaluable to the radiologist, physician, physicist, or technologist starting in nuclear medicine but also contains up-to-date advice for the most experienced practitioner.

When one is asked to review a manuscript in order of the different parts of the skeleton and comprises to write a foreword,one always asks oneself,“Is there about 600 pages. anything special about this book?”“Does it supply The reader will?nd something about the in- us with unique information?”I hesitate to think how dence, anatomic location, pathogenesis, differential many years ago it was when I?rst discussed with diagnosis, diagnostic relevance, and, if known, Dr. Alessandro Castriota-Scanderbeg the possible the pattern of inheritance.This approach to the s- publication of this book. It may well have been a ject, which is essentially symptom-based, contrasts decade ago. I seem to remember that I encouraged markedly with the conventional texts that either s- him to write a text that was truly different from the tematically report a given disorder or list the features classic ones. that form a gamut. That this most remarkable?rst edition is unique is In addition, the authors provide a second part of easily illustrated. I have personally picked an area I 300 pages in which they cover approximately 100 am less familiar with. In Chap. 2,“The Thorax,”the syndromes, congenital anomaly syndromes, skeletal following sections are covered: embryology of the dysplasias, and chromosomal disorders to aid in thorax, abnormal shape and size of the chest, small major differential diagnosis. Of special value is the thorax and various conditions that exhibit that sign. presentation of variability of the condition with age.

Drawing from the International Symposium on Normal Tissue Reactions in Radiotherapy and Oncology, held in Marburg on April 14-15, 2000, this volume covers all aspects of side effects in radio-oncological treatment of tumors, and of combined, multi-modal therapies. Recent developments as well as future perspectives in radiation biology of acute and late responding normal tissues are included. Special focus is given to more general treatment effects, such as anaemia, fatigue and impairment of quality of life, and post-treatment rehabilitation requirements. The book illuminates forensic aspects of radiation therapy and related complications; it further exemplifies incidence, documentation, and clinical management approaches for side effects as well as novel cyto-/tissue-protective strategies. Particular features of side effects after stereotactic or radiosurgical treatment of brain tumors, unconventional irradiation protocols for head and neck tumors, and conformal radiotherapy for prostate tumors are illustrated and followed by discussions of an optimization of physical treatment planning, e.g. by intensity modulation techniques. Bringing together medical, biological, molecular and physical expertise, research in the field of radiation-induced side effects is a true interdisciplinary effort. This publication will therefore be of great value to biologists, physicists and physicians of all disciplines involved in radio-oncological and multi-modal tumor therapy.