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This official textbook of the Society of Neurocritical Care (SNCC) comprises a comprehensive review of all possible neurologic conditions that one may encounter in the practice of neuro-intensive care. It covers various topics, from the history and origin of neuro-intensive care to psychological and nursing care. Neurocritical care is the intensive care management of patients with life-threatening neurological and neurosurgical illnesses such as massive stroke, bleeding in or around the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage), brain tumors, brain trauma, status epilepticus, nerve and muscle diseases (myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome), spinal cord disorders and the cardiopulmonary complications of brain injury. Neurocritical care units specialize in managing the unique needs of such critically ill patients. The textbook is divided into many sections. Chapters discuss issues related to palliative care and describe some of the commonly performed procedures in the neuro-intensive care unit as well. It provides a straightforward and systematic approach to various clinical problems encountered during intensive care management of neurologic patients. It includes a separate section on special considerations in neurocritical care. The book includes ample figures, flowcharts and algorithms. The textbook is a valuable resource for residents, fellows and trainees in neuroanesthesia, neurointensive care, critical care, and anesthesia. It serves as a quick guide to all intensivists managing neurosurgical patients. It is also helpful for general intensivists who occasionally manages neurologic patients.

The book is a practical and concise guide to PET tracers actually useful for PET/CT and PET/MR imaging.Gaining knowledge on radiopharmaceuticals is often difficult, since their features can be only found in single original journal articles.This book aims to present to the reader, in one single place, clinical features, indications and future trends for PET imaging with a large amount of tracers. While 18F-FDG still remains the miliar stone across PET tracer, new emerging fields of application of PET imaging are consolidated by using disease specific tracers in specific clinical settings.Each chapter is focused on a single tracer or on a group of similar tracers. The basis and structure of the chapters is the same throughout the book: essential information on synthesis and in vivo distribution of a tracer, clinical cases, eloquently showing clinical indications and usefulness, future trends, scientific literature. Featuring over 30 radiopharmaceuticals and 240 clinical cases, the 3rd edition has been enriched with additional chapters on the clinical indications and/or common pitfalls for 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT in prostate cancer imaging and for 18F-MISO in PET tumor hypoxia imaging, as well as applications and future directions for 18F-FES and other PET radiopharmaceuticals.All other chapters of the previous edition have been revised and updated, in particular those chapters covering 18F-DOPA, radiolabeled choline, and 18F-NAF, due to emerging clinical applications for these tracers, 18F-choline for imaging of parathyroid adenoma and 18F-DOPA for restaging of medullary thyroid cancer. The book will be an invaluable guide for professionals and residents in nuclear medicine, radiology, oncology.

Interest in the field of developmental communication disorders has increased in recent years in a wide range of disciplines including psychology, psychiatry, rehabilitation and neuroscience. The interdisciplinary nature of these disorders complicates the study and research on these disorders, and multidisciplinary methods have been used to investigate them. Magnetic resonance imaging methods are among the methods that have been commonly used in recent decades to study developmental communication disorders. For this purpose, this book provides an overview of the role of magnetic resonance imaging techniques in researching communication disorders in children.

This book provides an in-depth review of knowledge of the corpus callosum, called white matter or terra incognita, with emphasis on anatomical, embryological, diagnostics, and surgical features. It includes very informative chapters from leaders in the field, organized into six main groups: first, the embryology, neuroanatomy, and morphometry of the corpus callosum, and animal studies related to it; secondly, neurophysiological aspects, callosal disconnection and the split brain; thirdly, neuropathology, including clinical disorders such as dementia, Tourette syndrome, and schizophrenia; fourthly, surgical procedures including partial and complete callosotomy and commissurotomy; fifthly, cognitive neuroscience; and sixthly, other features of the corpus callosum, including its medicolegal aspects and statistical shape analysis. This comprehensive reference book will be an ideal source for neuroscientists at all levels, from graduate students to researchers in specific disciplines studying this region including neuroanatomists, embryologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists and pediatricians, who seek both basic and more advanced information regarding the distinctive anatomical, physiological and pathological features of the human corpus callosum. ​

This book provides a comprehensive review of the role of molecular imaging in neurodegenerative diseases. A growing field, molecular imaging of neurodegeneration is becoming increasingly relevant with an aging population, and this book serves to provide both an introduction to the concept and background of neurodegeneration and an update on the most recent imaging advances.Throughout, chapters will review current applications of neuroimaging in neurodegenerative disorders, like dementia and movement disorders, and increase knowledge of quantification and semi-quantification methods for neuroimaging. Imaging methods such as PET/CT and PET/MR are covered, as well as more advanced technologies like artificial intelligence algorithms and novel radiotracers. Chapters are also intended to improve competency in reporting and interpretation skills with structured information on current practice. The book concludes with a collection of up to date practice cases for the interpretation of neurodegeneration in nuclear medicine imaging.This is an ideal guide for nuclear medicine physicians, neuroradiologists, neurologists, residents, trainees, and related medical professionals caring for patients with neurodegeneration.

This new edition fully updates and expands Faro and Mohamed's Functional Neuroradiology, a gold standard, comprehensive introduction to the state-of-the-art functional imaging in neuroradiology, including the physical principles and clinical applications of Diffusion, Perfusion, Permeability, MR spectroscopy, Positron Emission Tomography, BOLD fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. With chapters written by internationally distinguished neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, cognitive neuroscientists, and physicists, Functional Neuroradiology is divided into 12 major sections, including: Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging, Multi-Modality Functional Neuroradiology, BOLD Functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Presurgical Brain Tumor Mapping, Emerging neuroimaging techniques, Functional Spine and Hydrocephalus imaging, and Neuroanatomical Gray and Whitematter Brain Atlases. This second edition is fully updated throughout and includes more than 15 new chapters on topics such as: Brain tumor Radiogenomics, CNS Tumor Surveillance and Functional MR Perfusion Imaging, CNS Machine Learning, Focused Ultrasound therapy, TBI Sports Related Injury, and CNS Lymphatic system. By offering readers a complete overview of functional imaging modalities and techniques currently used in patient diagnosis and management, as well as emerging technology, Functional Neuroradiology is a vital information source for physicians and cognitive neuroscientists involved in daily practice and research.

This book serves as a reference and comprehensive guide for PET/MR neuroimaging. The field of PET/MR is rapidly evolving, however, there is no standard resource summarizing the vast information and its potential applications. This book will guide neurological molecular imaging applications in both clinical practice and the research setting. Experts from multiple disciplines, including radiologists, researchers, and physicists, have collaborated to bring their knowledge and expertise together. Sections begin by covering general considerations, including public health and economic implications, the physics of PET/MR systems, an overview of hot lab and cyclotron, and radiotracers used in neurologic PET/MRI. There is then coverage of each major disease/systemic category, including dementia and neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy localization, brain tumors, inflammatory and infectious CNS disorders, head and neck imaging, as well as vascular hybrid imaging. Together, we have created a thorough, concise and up-to-date textbook in a unique, user-friendly format. This is an ideal guide for neuroradiologists, nuclear medicine specialists, medical physicists, clinical trainees and researchers.

This book provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive source of information on all aspects of EEG-fMRI, a neuroimaging technique for synchronous acquisition of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The reader will find in-depth information on the physiological principles of the EEG and fMRI signals, practical aspects of data measurement, artifact reduction, data analysis, and applications. All the main areas of the technique's application are the subject of one or multiple chapters: sleep research, cognitive neuroscience, and clinical neurology and psychiatry. In addition to providing a thorough update, this second edition offers five entirely new chapters covering important areas of research that have emerged during the past 5 years, including noninvasive brain stimulation during fMRI, resting-state functional connectivity, real-time fMRI, and neurofeedback. Written by the most prestigious experts in the field, the text is enhanced by numerous high-quality illustrations. This book will be valuable for neuroradiologists, neuroscientists, physicists, engineers, electrophysiologists, (neuro) medical scientists, neurologists, and neurophysiologists.Chapter 30 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book gathers a collection of cases with challenging diagnoses, in which nuclear medicine examinations have been particularly helpful in terms of the final diagnosis or follow-up. The cases presented chiefly involve patients with neurodegenerative disorders, epilepsy and brain tumors. The book is intended for nuclear medicine specialists as well as clinicians, offering essential guidance on the interpretation of neurology cases in the clinical setting, particularly with regard to correctly interpreting diagnostic imaging procedures. The authors were selected from the members of the Neuroimaging Committee of the EANM and have extensive experience as clinicians and teachers within the Nuclear Medicine Community.

Anatomical localization skills based in physical examination are essential for any clinician caring for patients with neurologic disease processes. Now fully revised and up to date, Localization in Clinical Neurology, 8th Edition, uses easy-to-read descriptions, full-color illustrations and videos to help readers understand and locate the source of a patient's signs and symptoms. This gold standard text now features dozens of clinical videos that help clinicians improve diagnostic accuracy and avoid unnecessary testing.

This book helps physicians select from among the currently available imaging tools, promoting the correct and cost-saving diagnosis and management of common dementias. Magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear medicine techniques are routinely used to facilitate diagnosis, select therapies, provide information regarding the prognosis, and monitor therapy response in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia. Furthermore, the advent of quantitative MR techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion imaging, etc. have opened up new opportunities to diagnose neurological diseases based on objective findings, and offer unique new insights into the main neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain. However, the practical value of various neuroimaging techniques in clinical practice has yet to be clearly defined, and their potential for future development is not yet fully appreciated.To help remedy the situation, this book offers practical and useful algorithms and rulesthat can be directly applied in the clinical setting. It provides concise content, together with a wealth of clinical case material.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of PET and SPECT in the classic psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. In addition, it discusses the application of these functional neuroimaging techniques in a variety of other conditions, including sleep disorders, eating disorders, autism, and chronic fatigue syndrome. The new edition has been extensively revised and updated to reflect the latest advances and results in nuclear imaging within the field. Most chapters are written jointly by a clinical psychiatrist and a nuclear medicine expert to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state of the art compendium will be of value for all who have an interest in the field of neuroscience, from psychiatrists and radiologists/nuclear medicine specialists to interested general practitioners and cognitive psychologists. Companion volumes on the use of PET and SPECT in neurology and for the imaging of neurobiological systems complete a trilogy.

This book, now in a fully updated second edition, is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the use of PET and SPECT for the imaging of neurobiological systems. Diverse aspects of neurotransmission in the brain are discussed, such as visualization and quantification of neuroreceptors, neuroinflammatory markers, transporters, and enzymes as well as neurotransmitter synthesis, β-amyloid deposition, cerebral blood flow, and the metabolic rate of glucose. The latest results in probe development are also detailed. A wide range of systems not addressed in the first edition are covered, reflecting the advances made in recent years. The book combines the expertise of authors internationally renowned for their dedication to the development of novel probes and techniques for the investigation of neurobiological systems. Most chapters are written jointly by radiochemists and nuclear medicine specialists to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state of the art compendium will be valuableto all with an interest in clinical and preclinical neuroscience. Companion volumes on the use of PET and SPECT in neurology and psychiatry complete a trilogy.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of PET and SPECT in not only classic neurodegenerative disorders but also cerebrovascular disorders, brain tumors, epilepsy, head trauma, coma, sleeping disorders, and inflammatory and infectious diseases of the CNS. The new edition has been revised and updated to reflect recent advances and includes additional chapters, for example on the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in imaging data analysis, the study of brain connectivity using PET and SPECT images, and the role of PET imaging in modulation of brain functioning by deep brain stimulation. The authors are renowned experts whose dedication to the investigation of neurological disorders through nuclear medicine technology has achieved international recognition. Most chapters are written jointly by a clinical neurologist and a nuclear medicine specialist to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state of the art compendium will be invaluable for neurologists and radiologists/nuclear medicine specialists and will also be informative for interested general practitioners and geriatricians. Companion volumes on PET and SPECT in psychiatry and in neurobiological systems complete a trilogy.

This book, now in its revised and updated third edition, provides a state of the art overview of fMRI and its use in clinical practice. Experts in the field share their knowledge and explain how to overcome diverse potential technical barriers and problems. Starting from the very basics on the origin of the BOLD signal, the book covers technical issues, anatomical landmarks, methods of statistical analysis, and special issues in various clinical fields. Comparisons are made with other brain mapping techniques and their combined use with fMRI is also discussed. Existing chapters have been updated and new chapters have been added in order to account for new applications, further clinical fields and methods, e.g. resting state fMRI. Based on the clinical focus, this book will be of great value for Neuroradiologists, Neurologists, Neurosurgeons but also Researchers in Neuroscience.

The second edition of OCT and Imaging in Central Nervous System Diseases offers updated state-of-the-art advances using optical coherence tomography (OCT) regrading neuronal loss within the retina. Detailed information on the OCT imaging and interpretation is provided for the evaluation of disease progression in numerous neurodegenerative disorders and as a biological marker of neuroaxonal injury. Covering disorders like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, intracranial hypertension, Friedreich's ataxia, schizophrenia, hereditary optic neuropathies, glaucoma, and amblyopia, readers will given insights into effects on the retina and the and optic nerve. Individual chapters are also devoted to OCT technique, new OCT technology in neuro-ophthalmology, OCT and pharmacological treatment, and the use of OCT in animal models.Similar to the first edition, this book is an excellent and richly illustrated reference for diagnosis of many retinaldiseases and monitoring of surgical and medical treatment. OCT allows to study vision from of the retina to the optic tracts. Retinal axons in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) are non-myelinated until they penetrate the lamina cribrosa. Hence, the RNFL is an ideal structure for visualization of any process of neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, or regeneration. By documenting the ability of OCT to provide key information on CNS diseases, this book illustrates convincingly that the eye is indeed the “window to the brain”.

This book provides a rapid and concise guide to PET (PET/CT and PET/MRI) molecular imaging, concentrating extensive information on PET radiopharmaceuticals in a single volume.The book reflects the rapid development of several PET tracers over the last decade, as a result of which the “traditional” PET/CT with 18F-FDG, the “cornerstone” of PET imaging, is now only one of several available options, which use different tracers for different diseases. For the same reason, PET imaging is no longer limited to the field of oncology. In the editors'experience, students in medicine and residents in nuclear medicine and radiology have limited access to scientific papers concerning novel PET tracers. Moreover, these papers generally focus on a single PET radiopharmaceutical. With approx. 20 radiopharmaceuticals explained in detail and a wealth of images and clinical cases, the book represents a versatile, comprehensive and practice-oriented guide to PET imaging, pursuing a unique andnovel approach to the clinical role of PET tracers. The book's didactic nature also makes it an invaluable tool for residents in nuclear medicine and radiology, as well as for radiographers and clinicians in radiotherapy, oncology, hematology, cardiology and neurology.

This book addresses the challenges in the differential diagnosis and management of paroxysmal movement disorders. It provides the latest information on the genetics and pathophysiology, neurophysiology and neuroimaging of the core group of disorders in the field, namely the paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxD).Focused and concise, this guide features chapters that discuss other conditions that may be paroxysmal such as, episodic ataxia, startle syndromes and other more complicated groups of paroxysmal movement disorders such as ATP1A3 spectrum disorders. A chapter on secondary (acquired) paroxysmal dyskinesia highlights medical and other disorders that may result in paroxysmal dyskinesia. The book features a particularly nuanced chapter that discusses recent discoveries in the genetic aspects of PxD, relaying that paroxysmal dyskinesias are not channelpathies, but in fact are synaptophies and transportopathies. Additionally, expertly written chapters are supplemented by high qualityimages, tables, and videos. Paroxysmal Movement Disorders: A Practical Guide is primarily written to educate the reader on how to make a syndromic diagnosis of paroxysmal movement disorders and how to build the diagnostic work-up accordingly, as well as how to manage patients with paroxysmal movement disorders.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an invaluable functional brain imaging technique that provides direct, real-time monitoring of neuronal activity necessary for gaining insight into dynamic cortical networks. This handbook covers the rich and transdisciplinary nature of the MEG field. The underlying motivation for this book was to make this diverse and extensive collection of chapters available to both newcomers and experienced researchers with the hope of stimulating growth in the MEG area. The book is a comprehensive knowledge base of MEG basics along with the latest developments in methodological, empirical and clinical research, directed toward masters and doctoral students, as well as researchers already in the field. The topics range from neuromagnetic measurements, signal processing and source localization techniques to dynamic functional networks underlying perception and cognition in both health and disease. Topical reviews cover, among others: development on SQUID-based and novel sensors, multi-modal integration (low field MRI and MEG; EEG and fMRI), Bayesian approaches to multi-modal integration, direct neuronal imaging, novel noise reduction methods, source-space functional analysis, decoding of brain states, dynamic brain connectivity, sensory-motor integration, MEG studies on perception and cognition, thalamocortical oscillations, fetal and neonatal MEG, pediatric MEG studies, cognitive development, clinical applications of MEG in epilepsy, pre-surgical mapping, stroke, schizophrenia, stuttering, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, autism, aging and neurodegeneration, MEG applications in cognitive neuropharmacology, along with an overview of major open-source analysis tools.The 2nd edition, which is now presented as a Springer Reference, has 9 sections compared to 5 in the first edition and includes a total of 61 chapters. It provides more in-depth tutorials on MEG as an enabling tool in neuroscienceand on linear source estimation and spatial filtering approaches. A set of 11 new chapters and 20 updated chapters cover, among others, new topics such as simultaneous MEG and intracerebral EEG recordings, MEG studies on time processing and temporal cognition, open source MNE software, presurgical localization of language, emerging zero helium boil-off MEG technologies and provides updates on novel multi-modal fusion and related modeling approaches, open source analysis packages, neural decoding and MEG Brain Computer Interface, organizational cognitive neuroscience as well as developmental studies and clinical applications. In the last two years significant advances have been made in the field of novel sensor development, particularly for optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) which are leading the way to a new generation of wearable MEG systems. Included in this new edition is a new chapter covering the topic of “on-scalp” MEG and an updated chapter on OPMs.The book was edited by a board of internationally renowned scientists serving as Section Editors:Part I: MEG Tutorials: Seppo Ahlfors Part II: Source Analysis and Multi-modal Integration: Selma Supek and Cheryl J. AinePart III: Open Source Analysis Packages: Alexandre GramfortPart IV: Functional Connectivity and Oscillatory Activity: Matthew BrooksPart V: Neurodevelopment Across Lifespan: Julia M. StephenPart VI: Sensory and Cognitive Studies: Catherine Tallon-BaudryPart VII: Clinical Application and Translational Studies: Nobukazu NakasatoPart VIII: Novel Brain Research Topics: Lauri Parkkonen Part IX: Emerging Technologies: Risto Ilmoniemi

First published in 1991, this book covers three major areas essential to in vivo biochemical studies with PET and SPECT: synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals, biological modeling, and clinical applications. The book emphasizes advances in the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals used in PET and SPECT studies of brain flow and oxidatative metabolism, in addition to biological modeling. The most widely used 2-deoxyglucose/2-fluorodeoxyglucose models are discussed, as well as models used in the quantitation of brain receptors. Other topics include a possible model for converting 6-[18F] fluorodopa images into the quantitative rate of dopamine synthesis, evaluations of technetium- and iodine-labeled blood flow tracers, and possibilities for using SPECT to measure other pathophysiological variables. This book will be a valuable reference source to students and specialists interested in these in vivo measurements.

This well-illustrated pocket book offers up-to-date guidance on the clinical and research applications of PET/CT in the most common neurological and neuro-oncological disorders. The opening chapters cover the pros and cons of widely used radiological imaging techniques, scanners, and radiopharmaceuticals, with emphasis on the state of the art hybrid modalities, primarily PET/CT but also PET/MRI. Helpful information is provided on the clinical and research tracers used in neurodegenerative diseases, movement disorders, epilepsy and brain tumours. These four killers are then discussed in detail, highlighting the role of PET/CT and targeted tracers in their assessment and in radiotherapy planning. In addition, the clinical applications of PET/MRI are considered. Throughout, many images are included to better explain the diseases and the role of hybrid imaging, and the final chapter presents a large sample of teaching cases and files that will assist in daily clinical practice. The book has been compiled under the auspices of the British Nuclear Medicine Society. It will be an excellent asset for nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, radiographers, neurologists and neurosurgeons.

This timely overview of dose, benefit, and risk in medical imaging explains to readers how to apply this information for informed decision-making that improves patient outcomes. The chapters cover patient and physician perspectives, referral guidelines, appropriateness criteria, and quantifying medical imaging benefits. The authors have included essential discussion about radiologic physics in medical imaging, fundamentals of dose and image quality, risk assessment, and techniques for optimization and dose reduction. The book highlights practical implementation aspects with useful case studies and checklists for treatment planning. Clinicians, students, residents, and professionals in medical physics, biomedical engineering, radiology, oncology, and allied disciplines will find this book an essential resource with the following key features: Discusses risk, benefit, dose optimization, safety, regulation, radiological protection, and shared & informed decision-making. Covers regulatory oversight by government agencies, manufacturers, and societies. Highlights best practices for improving patient safety and outcomes. Gives guidelines on doses associated with specific procedures.

This book presents advanced molecular imaging techniques used to assess metabolic function. Covering state-of-the art modalities, it discusses the evaluation of a wide range of diseases that have a metabolic component, including cancer, inflammatory conditions, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disorders. Imaging provides a quantitative perspective to the assessment of metabolic function and complements genetic analysis of disorders related to disrupted metabolism. Organized into four parts, the book highlights basic principles in molecular imaging techniques; metabolic imaging approaches, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and hybrid modalities; metabolic diseases; and future perspectives. Featuring contributions from leading authorities in radiology, oncology, cardiology, and neurology, Imaging and Metabolism is a pioneering exploration of the role of imaging modalities in assessing the physiological status of abnormal cells and diagnosing disease.

This book provides all the information required for the optimal use of nuclear medicine techniques, which are undergoing rapid development yet remain underutilized. Each chapter focuses on one particular clinical system or disease area. The first section of each chapter illustrates normal patterns observed on commonly and uncommonly performed scans as a reference and explains when and how the procedures should be performed. The following section illustrates both the imaging patterns of different diseases and the diagnostic role of individual studies. Comparisons with other modalities are provided, and the rationale for and effective utilization of each study are discussed. The volume includes near 250 case reviews. In addition, the normal patterns on relevant morphologic modalities are documented in an appendix. The book is directed at Nuclear Medicine physicians and technologists with different levels of training and expertise and also at radiologists who practice nuclear medicine and radiology residents.

This book offers an excellent overview of the current applications of PET/MR imaging. Detailed information is provided on both its principal oncologic applications and its most important non-oncologic applications, such as assessment of cardiac disease, neurodegenerative brain imaging, and imaging of inflammatory disease. In addition, the future of PET/MR imaging is closely scrutinized, highlighting the anticipated major advances in the diagnostic value of hybrid imaging, the emerging role of PET/MR imaging in monitoring response in patients receiving targeted drug therapy, and progress toward the development of new tracers. An individual chapter is also devoted to pediatric imaging. The editors and authors are all well-known specialists in the field, with high levels of expertise in clinical applications and excellent publication records. The authors and editors represent both fields of hybrid imaging, in terms of nuclear medicine and radiology as to guarantee presentation of expertise and knowledge from both “worlds”. The book will be of value for all residents and consultants in radiology and nuclear medicine who have a dedicated interest in hybrid imaging.

This book describes the way in which the human brain is supplied with blood and how the brain uses this to provide nutrients, primarily oxygen and glucose, to brain cells in order to maintain healthy brain function. In particular, it focuses on the quantitative nature of blood flow and metabolism. The book covers models of blood flow and metabolism and how these can be measured using a variety of imaging and non-imaging techniques. It also examines how cerebral blood flow is controlled in response to a wide variety of challenges and how it changes with normal physiological variation and in response to a large number of pathological conditions, including stroke and dementia.As the first substantial book for over ten years in a fast-changing field, it highlights how the subject has progressed in the last couple of decades. It tackles the subject in a quantitative way, underlining its importance in both technical and clinical fields. Audiences with a technical or clinical background, especially researchers and postgraduate students in biomedical engineering or medicine, will find this a valuable read.

Notable experts in the field of neuroimaging provide comprehensive overviews of advances in functional and structural aspects of both common and uncommon brain disorders. Functional imaging is evolving quickly but researchers and clinicians do not always have a strong understanding of the fundamental basis of the imaging techniques that they use. By focusing on both structure and function this book will provide a strong foundation for emerging developments in the field.

This book describes the latest modalities such as tau PET imaging for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and also provides information on handling and analyzing imaging data that is not found in other books. In addition, it introduces routine imaging studies in the management of dementia in Japan. The prevalence of dementia has increased over the past few decades, either because of greater awareness and more accurate diagnosis, or because increased longevity has created a larger population of the elderly, the age group most commonly affected. Although only clinical assessment can lead to a diagnosis of dementia, neuroimaging in dementia is recommended by most clinical guidelines, and its adjunct role has traditionally been to exclude a mass lesion rather than to support a specific diagnosis. Neuroimaging may be also helpful for developing new strategies to achieve diagnoses as early as possible for therapies aimed at slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases manifesting dementia. Under these conditions, all clinicians and researchers who are involved in neuroimaging for dementia should decide which patients to scan, when imaging patients is most useful, which modality to use, how to handle imaging data from many institutions, and which analytical tool to use. This edition comprises contributions from leading Japanese experts in their fields.

This book is the first comprehensive work summarizing the advances that have been made in the neurosurgical use of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) over the past ten years. Having increasingly gained acceptance as a presurgical mapping modality in neurosurgery, today it is widely used for preoperative mapping of cortical motor and language function, risk stratification and improving the accuracy of subcortical fiber bundle visualization. This unique work will provide neurosurgeons and neuroscientists who are starting their nTMS program essential and detailed information on the technique and protocols, as well as the current clinical evidence on and limitations of the various applications of nTMS. At the same time, more experienced nTMS users looking for deeper insights into nTMS mapping and treatment in neurosurgery will find clearly structured, accessible information. The book was prepared by an international mix of authors, each of which was chosen for their status as a respected expert on the respective subtopic, as evinced by their landmark publications on nTMS.

Authored by world renowned scientists, this book expertly reviews all the imaging techniques and exciting new methods for the analysis of the pain, including novel tracers, biomarker, metabolomic and gene-array profiling, together with cellular, genetic, and molecular approaches. Recent advances in human brain imaging techniques have allowed a better understand of the functional connectivity in pain pathways, as well as the functional and anatomical alterations that occur in chronic pain patients. Modern imaging techniques have permitted rapid progress in the understanding of networks in the brain related to pain processing and those related to different types of pain modulation. Neuroimaging of Pain is designed to be a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, neurologists and neuroscientists, working in hospitals and universities from junior trainees to consultants.

This is the first book to cover all aspects of the development of imaging biomarkers and their integration into clinical practice, from the conceptual basis through to the technical aspects that need to be considered in order to ensure that medical imaging can serve as a powerful quantification instrument capable of providing valuable information on organ and tissue properties. The process of imaging biomarker development is considered step by step, covering proof of concept, proof of mechanism, image acquisition, image preparation, imaging biomarker analysis and measurement, detection of measurement biases (proof of principle), proof of efficacy and effectiveness, and reporting of results. Sources of uncertainty in the accuracy and precision of measurements and pearls and pitfalls in gold standards and biological correlation are discussed. In addition, practical use cases are included on imaging biomarker implementation in brain, oncologic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and abdominal diseases. The authors are a multidisciplinary team of expert radiologists and engineers, and the book will be of value to all with an interest in the quantitative imaging of biomarkers in personalized medicine.

This richly illustrated book summarizes the state of the art in brain MRI with the 3-Tesla high-field scanner. The aim is to clarify the numerous advantages of using a 3-T high magnetic field MR scanner, especially in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The first section describes techniques for standard MR examination of the brain. Full descriptions are then provided of advanced protocols such as MR angiography, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), MR spectroscopy, MR tractography, and functional imaging. Differences in diagnostic features when performing these examinations at 3 T and at 1.5 T are highlighted. In addition, safety issues relating to the installation and use of a high-field scanner are discussed. The second section then describes and illustrates in detail each of the main clinical applications of 3-T MRI in the human brain: trauma, stroke, white matter disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, inflammatory disease, psychiatric disorders, etc. A final chapter is dedicated to the evaluation of 7-T MRI within both research and potential clinical settings. The book will be a valuable tool for general radiologists, neuroradiologists, trainees, and technicians.

Dieses Buch stellt in seiner 3. Auflage, mit fast 1600 Abbildungen eine konsequente Weiterentwicklung des erfolgreichen Buchkonzepts der Vorauflagen dar. Durch die Optimierung des Layouts für eine bessere Übersicht findet der Leser nun noch schneller die gesuchten Informationen.Inhaltlich liegt der Fokus nicht mehr allein auf der Diagnostik: sondern Therapie und Therapiesteuerung kommen in allen Abschnitten des Buches hinzu, was auch durch die Unterteilung des Buches in 4 große Hauptabschnitte zum Tragen kommt: Grundlagen Maligne Erkrankungen Therapiesteuerung Benigne Erkrankungen Es finden sich folgende inhaltliche Neuerungen: Abschnitt Therapiesteuerung mit neuen Kapiteln: PET/CT und PET/MR in der Strahlentherapie, PET/CT und PET/MR in der Brachytherapie, PET/CT in der Radionuklidtherapie, Neuroendokrine Tumoren in der Therapiekontrolle, PET/CT und PET/MR in derChirurgie Komplettierung zahlreicher Fallbeispiele um die Strahlentherapie, einschließlich Therapiekontrolle Berücksichtigung neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen (z. B. Morbus Alzheimer, Morbus Parkinson) Radionuklidtherapie/neue Tracer

Practical and clinically oriented, the third edition of Clinical Molecular Anatomic Imaging focuses on PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and PET/MR examinations – precisely the information you need to know. Ideal for clinical hybrid imaging users, it fully integrates all applications, allowing you to easily compare modalities and decide whether to use PET/CT, PET/MR, or SPECT/CT to solve a clinical dilemma. More than 1,600 high-quality illustrations document the use of integrated imaging and provide superb visual references for interpreting integrated imaging studies.

This book provides up-to-date, practical information on functional mapping in order to assist neurosurgeons responsible for safely removing lesions in and around eloquent cortex – one of the greatest challenges in neurosurgery. The roles of pre- and intraoperative mapping techniques are clearly explained, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each tool available to the neurosurgeon. The inclusion of treatment algorithms for applications in specific clinical circumstances ensures that the book will serve as a clear guide to this most complex of neurosurgical problems. To further assist the reader, instructive clinical case examples, accompanied by intraoperative photos and other illustrative material, help to explain the applications of functional mapping of eloquent cortex in different pathologies. Practitioners will find the book to be a ready guide to navigation of the practical decisions commonly faced when operating in eloquent cortex.

Essential reading for both clinicians and researchers, this comprehensive resource covers what you need to know about the basic principles of perfusion, as well as its many clinical applications. Broad coverage outlines the overarching framework that interlinks methods such as DSC, DCE, CTP, and ASL. International experts in the field demonstrate how perfusion and pharmacokinetic imaging can be effectively used to analyze medical conditions, helping you reach accurate diagnoses and monitor disease progression and response to therapy.

Using SWOT analysis, this book examines in detail the strengths and weaknesses of the hybrid modalities PET-CT and PET-MRI for imaging of the central nervous system, comparing their merits and evaluating their advantages over the stand-alone modalities. The aim is to employ a truly systematic approach in order to define the potential clinical benefit of these modalities and to identify shortcomings, opportunities, and threats. Clinical application of the modalities is explored in a range of conditions, including dementia and related disorders, movement disorders, psychiatric disorders, cerebrovascular disease, infection/inflammation, brain tumors, and pediatric neurologic disorders. In addition, the basics of hybrid imaging are addressed, covering physics, instrumentation, data analysis and quantitation, radiopharmaceuticals, and contrast media. PET-CT and PET-MRI in Neurology, written by experts from Europe and the United States, will be essential reading for imaging specialists and of value for neurologists, psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, and pediatricians.

The definitive reference on imaging and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseasesFIVE STARS from Doody's Star Ratings™Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disorders is a comprehensive, up-to-date reference covering the latest techniques used in neuroimaging as well as the basic structural imaging that facilitates diagnosis of various neurodegenerative disorders. All advanced imaging modalities, including MR spectroscopy, DTI, MRI, and PET scans, are discussed in detail, enabling readers to gain a solid understanding of how to use them to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases. Key Features:Each chapter covers the clinical features, pathology, and imaging of a specific disease/disorderSections on cerebellar degeneration and dysfunction, motor neuron disorders, post-traumatic cognitive disorders, dementia with extrapyramidal syndromes, and deep brain stimulationA final section discusses the distinctions between preventable, potentially reversible, and irreversible dementiaThis book provides radiologists and all who care for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases with an invaluable reference that will be part of their medical library for many years to come.

This volume explores the revolutionary fMRI field from basic principles to state-of-the-art research. It covers a broad spectrum of topics, including the history of fMRI's development using endogenous MR blood contrast, neurovascular coupling, pulse sequences for fMRI, quantitative fMRI; fMRI of the visual system, auditory cortex, and sensorimotor system; genetic imaging using fMRI, multimodal neuroimaging, brain bioenergetics and function and molecular-level fMRI. Comprehensive and intuitively structured, this book engages the reader with a first-person account of the development and history of the fMRI field by the authors. The subsequent sections examine the physiological basis of fMRI, the basic principles of fMRI and its applications and the latest advances of the technology, ending with a discussion of fMRI's future. fMRI: From Nuclear Spins to Brain Function, co-edited by leading and renowned fMRI researchers Kamil Ugurbil, Kamil Uludag and Lawrence Berliner, is an ideal resource for clinicians and researchers in the fields of neuroscience, psychology and MRI physics.

The three-volume set LNCS 9349, 9350, and 9351 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2015, held in Munich, Germany, in October 2015. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 263 revised papers from 810 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: quantitative image analysis I: segmentation and measurement; computer-aided diagnosis: machine learning; computer-aided diagnosis: automation; quantitative image analysis II: classification, detection, features, and morphology; advanced MRI: diffusion, fMRI, DCE; quantitative image analysis III: motion, deformation, development and degeneration; quantitative image analysis IV: microscopy, fluorescence and histological imagery; registration: method and advanced applications; reconstruction, image formation, advanced acquisition - computational imaging; modelling and simulation for diagnosis and interventional planning; computer-assisted and image-guided interventions.

Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is a nuclear medicine imaging modality using positron-emitting radiotracers and a combined PET and CT scanner in order to detect and localize high radiotracer signal abnormalities. Although PET has evolved into a diagnostic modality of prime importance in oncology (with the radiotracer (F18-FDG) it was originally envisioned to image and diagnose diseases of the brain and the heart. Lack or limited experience in PET may result in an erroneous interpretation of the findings in this sensitive imaging modality. The existence of various rare cancers has resulted in scanty if not a lack of knowledge about the usefulness of PET in these interesting albeit uncommon maladies. The author, drawing from more than ten years of experience as the chairman/director of the only PET Center in the Philippines, aims to present the most interesting cases he has encountered which may be educational to those beginning their practice or even helpful to veterans of the field whose scope of practice has been limited to the most common and reimbursable indications of an FDG-PET scan.

The second, revised edition of this successful textbook provides an up-to-date description of the use of preoperative fMRI in patients with brain tumors and epilepsies. State of the art fMRI procedures are presented, with detailed consideration of practical aspects, imaging and data processing, normal and pathological findings, and diagnostic possibilities and limitations. Relevant information on brain physiology, functional neuroanatomy, imaging technique, and methodology is provided by recognized experts in these fields. Compared with the first edition, chapters have been updated to reflect the latest developments and in particular the current use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state fMRI. Entirely new chapters are included on resting-state presurgical fMRI and the role of DTI and tractography in brain tumor surgery. Further chapters address multimodality functional neuroimaging, brain plasticity, and pitfalls, tips, and tricks.

PET and SPECT in Neurology highlight the combined expertise of renowned authors whose dedication to the investigation of neurological disorders through nuclear medicine technology has achieved international recognition. Classical neurodegenerative disorders are discussed as well as cerebrovascular disorders, brain tumors, epilepsy, head trauma, coma, sleeping disorders and inflammatory and infectious diseases of the CNS. The latest results in nuclear brain imaging are detailed. Most chapters are written jointly by a clinical neurologist and a nuclear medicine specialist to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state-of-the-art compendium will be valuable not only to neurologists and radiologists/nuclear medicine specialists but also to interested general practitioners and geriatricians. It is the second volume of a trilogy on PET and SPECT imaging in the neurosciences, the other volumes covering PET and SPECT in psychiatry and in neurobiological systems.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an invaluable functional brain imaging technique that provides direct, real-time monitoring of neuronal activity necessary for gaining insight into dynamic cortical networks. Our intentions with this book are to cover the richness and transdisciplinary nature of the MEG field, make it more accessible to newcomers and experienced researchers and to stimulate growth in the MEG area. The book presents a comprehensive overview of MEG basics and the latest developments in methodological, empirical and clinical research, directed toward master and doctoral students, as well as researchers. There are three levels of contributions: 1) tutorials on instrumentation, measurements, modeling, and experimental design; 2) topical reviews providing extensive coverage of relevant research topics; and 3) short contributions on open, challenging issues, future developments and novel applications. The topics range from neuromagnetic measurements, signal processing and source localization techniques to dynamic functional networks underlying perception and cognition in both health and disease. Topical reviews cover, among others: development on SQUID-based and novel sensors, multi-modal integration (low field MRI and MEG; EEG and fMRI), Bayesian approaches to multi-modal integration, direct neuronal imaging, novel noise reduction methods, source-space functional analysis, decoding of brain states, dynamic brain connectivity, sensory-motor integration, MEG studies on perception and cognition, thalamocortical oscillations, fetal and neonatal MEG, pediatric MEG studies, cognitive development, clinical applications of MEG in epilepsy, pre-surgical mapping, stroke, schizophrenia, stuttering, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, autism, aging and neurodegeneration, MEG applications in cognitive neuropharmacology and an overview of the major open-source analysis tools.

Genetic Patterns in Neuroimaging is explored in this important Neuroimaging Clinics issue. Articles include: Brain imaging and genetic risk of congenital malformations; Understanding genetics in neuroimaging; Influence of genetics in neuropathology; Building a bridge between genomics and neuroradiology; Systems genetics approaches to neuroimaging phenotypes; Imaging genetic predictions at an individual level; Brain imaging and genetic risk in the pediatric population; Imaging phenotypes in cognitive diseases; Molecular imaging in genetics; Imaging phenotypes in psychiatric disease; Genomics of brain tumor imaging; Neuroimaging and genetic influence in post-treatment brain neoplasms; Imaging phenotypes in multiple sclerosis; Genetic markers and influences in cerebrovascular malformations, and more.

This issue of PET Clinics examines normal variations and benign findings in FDG PET/CT Imaging. Topics include Standardization and quantification in FDG PET /CT imaging for staging and restaging of disease, dynamic changes in FDG update in normal tissues, as well as normal variations in the brain, head and neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and in pediatrics.

Contribution of FDG to Modern Medicine, Part I, An Issue of PET Clinics,

This is the first comprehensive textbook on the use of MRI in psychiatry covering imaging techniques, brain systems and a review of findings in different psychiatric disorders. The book is divided into three sections, the first of which covers in detail all the major MRI-based methodological approaches available today, including fMRI, EEG-fMRI, DTI and MR spectroscopy. In addition, the role of MRI in imaging genetics and combined brain stimulation and imaging is carefully explained. The second section provides an overview of the different brain systems that are relevant for psychiatric disorders, including the systems for perception, emotion, cognition and reward. The final part of the book presents the MRI findings that are obtained in all the major psychiatric disorders using the previously discussed techniques. Numerous carefully chosen images support the informative text, making this an ideal reference work for all practitioners and trainees with an interest in this flourishing field.

PET and SPECT in Psychiatry showcases the combined expertise of renowned authors whose dedication to the investigation of psychiatric disease through nuclear medicine technology has achieved international recognition. The classical psychiatric disorders as well as other subjects – such as suicide, sleep, eating disorders, and autism – are discussed and the latest results in functional neuroimaging are detailed. Most chapters are written jointly by a clinical psychiatrist and a nuclear medicine expert to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state of the art compendium will be valuable to all who have an interest in the field of neuroscience, from the psychiatrist and the radiologist/nuclear medicine specialist to the interested general practitioner and cognitive psychologist. It is the first volume of a trilogy on PET and SPECT imaging in the neurosciences; other volumes will focus on PET and SPECT in neurology and PET and SPECT of neurobiological systems.

The philosophy of this NATO Advanced Research Workshop and the monograph it has yielded is that if you put a small number of very talented and creative scientists of different backgrounds and documented accomplishments together in a cloistered place for a few days to consider a very important and timely topic, many new ideas will be generated. The keynote of this conference was the Future. By this we mean the expected future developments of highly reliable sequential quantitative measurements of atherosclerotic plaque size and components in living human subjects. Some of the best minds and the most experienced and talented individuals at the leading edges of imaging of arteries were involved; some of the best scientists and students of the atherosclerotic plaque and its components participated; and some of the leading investigators of the cell biology or, as we call it in the USA, the pathobiology of atherosclerosis, contributed important new information. All of these individuals were actively involved in the conference and each obviously had carefully prepared and was able to communicate effectively.