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This comprehensive book provides a detailed description of imaging techniques and findings in the detection, characterization, local staging and post-treatment tumors of the osseous spine. In the first part of the book, the epidemiology, classification, pathology, genetics and molecular biology are discussed. The second part gives an overview of the basic semiology, imaging modalities including CT, MRI, PET and PET-CT, and staging. The third part of the book discusses the imaging of primary bone tumors of the spine and its mimics. In the fourth part, the treatment of tumors and tumor-like conditions of the spine is reviewed. The final part of the book summarizes post-treatment evaluation and assessment. Thus, the book will be a useful reference for general and musculoskeletal radiologists and residents, orthopaedic surgeons, oncologists and histopathologists.

This book focuses on Müller-Weiss disease. It explores its aetiology and pathogenesis, clinical and radiological features, classification systems, nonoperative and operative treatments, to inform on all aspects of the subject and offer future directions for treatment and research. It addresses various misconceptions and controversies regarding basic essential aspects of the disease such as clinical deformities and radiological abnormalities that define the disease. Comprehensive Guide to Müller-Weiss Disease dives into the unknowns about the condition, including all aspects of the management of the disease. Having been classified as a rare disease, the incidence of Müller-Weiss disease has increased exponentially worldwide, mainly due to increasing awareness and recognition in recent years. Therefore, this resource represents an informative book for physicians who diagnose and treat patients with Müller-Weiss disease, including orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons, podiatrists and podiatric surgeons, radiologists, rheumatologists and other health professionals with specialist foot and ankle interest.

This book focuses on histopathological features of bone and joint infections. Bone and joint infection is a serious health problem that has increased in the past two decades. Their diagnosis requires the collaboration of physicians, radiologists, microbiologists and pathologists. Symptoms of these lesions are nonspecific often resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Radiology is needed for the diagnosis of bone and joint infection, determining the severity and extent of disease. The radiological diagnosis of these infections is challenging because of multiple overlaps with tumor etiologies.Effective antibiotic treatment relies on the detection of the causative organisms and its their susceptibility testing. However, culture is time consuming. Besides, administering antibiotics prior to performing surgery or biopsy, the low virulent bacteria, tissues contaminations and sampling errors limit the reliability of bone culture. Histology is a key tool for the diagnosis of boneand joint infection by evaluating the tissue reaction pattern caused by the pathogen. The histopathological diagnosis is based on the evaluation of the tissue changes and the leukocyte infiltration pattern.The purpose of this book will be to report in detail the histopathological features of bone and joint infections with emphasis on key diagnostic features and differential diagnoses. It will also highlight special stain and other ancillary tests that can be used as an aid in the histological diagnosis.

This vastly illustrated book offers a comprehensive survey of the role of imaging in the diagnosis of synovial tumors and tumor-like conditions. It gives an overview of the anatomy and histology of the synovium and discusses the classification, pathology, genetics and molecular biology of synovial tumors. The book presents the benefits of various imaging modalities in the diagnosis of these masses, which is important to provide appropriate treatment.Imaging of Synovial Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions will be a valuable resource not only for radiologists but also for orthopedic surgeons, oncologists, radiotherapists, and pathologists.

This book covers all the aspects of orthopedic skeletal radiographic imaging or musculoskeletal radiology. It fills the gap and simply presents essential concepts. It emphasizes radiology principles as well as important surgical aspects. It assists readers in understanding the fundamentals of a radiograph and its interpretation. It includes a description of radiographs helpful for students and surgeons. The book is suitable for practicing orthopedic surgeons, radiologists and postgraduate students of orthopedic surgery, FNB students during their specialization fellowship.

This book is a reference source containing all the relevant information about Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH), for people who practice or utilize hip sonography for the early detection and treatment of DDH. It aims at improving the population screening for DDH, thus contributing to the elimination of the disorder and its devastating consequences. What makes this book different from existing literature is the fact that, apart from the (updated) information about the disorder (including development, pathophysiology, etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors etc.) and a short technical guidance, the reader will find all relevant knowledge to organize training and set up screening. This includes analysis of the rationale behind universal sonographic screening, a comparative presentation of the sonographic techniques, teaching course structure / management and setting up a screening service, including audit, quality control of the scans etc. Special chapters about radiological diagnosis, imaging the consequences of non-diagnosis or maltreatment of the disorder, clinical management of DDH cases and shaping the future of hip sonography, are also provided. The book will be of interest to any medical doctor, but in particular to those working in the fields of radiology, pediatrics, orthopedics or general medicine, sonographers performing hip scans, or specialist nurses dealing with DDH.

This book offers an updated and comprehensive review of the role of vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty and augmentation techniques in all fields of orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and interventional radiology. Addressing the latest advances in terms of the materials used and combined approaches with other mini-invasive techniques, it reveals how vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty and various augmentation techniques could become instrumental to helping patients with specific vertebral compression fractures or other diseases of the vertebral column. The book includes a detailed history of the techniques'development, descriptions of the materials used in the last twenty years, and extensive information on the biomechanical basis, anatomy and current indications for vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty and augmentation. In addition, it highlights representative cases to enhance readers'understanding of each topic, and particular attention is paid to the innovative evolution ofthe techniques and to their combination with other mini-invasive approaches, stents and brachytherapy. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for all neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, and interventional radiologists whose work involves spine pathologies and their treatment.

Divided into two parts, this book discusses various aspects of bone SPECT/CT of ankle and foot.The first part is dedicated to foot and ankle pathology and concisely presents those disorders most frequently detected with a bone scan. The authors also describe common pathologies that cannot be diagnosed with bone scans, such as Morton's neuroma, but which nuclear physicians need to recognize. Orthopedic surgeons'expectancies are highlighted and several bone scan studies of clinical interest are presented.The second part is devoted to anatomy: bones, articulations and all relevant anatomical structures that are necessary to interpret a bone scan of the ankle and foot are described by means of anatomical illustrations with captions.At the end of the last decade, hybrid scanners with the ability to acquire single-photon emission computed tomoscintigraphy (SPECT) and multislice CT data simultaneously were introduced, thus opening a wide range of perspectives for nuclear physicians. Like their radiologist colleagues in the early 1990s, nuclear physicians have discovered pathologies that they were unaware of and have visualized increased tracer uptakes that they were previously unable to detect. This book, written by nuclear physicians and orthopedic surgeons specialized in the foot and ankle, will increase understanding of this whole new semiology.The internationally recognized Terminologia Anatomica has been used for the nomenclature of anatomical structures.

Chest wall deformities encompass a variety of congenital and acquired pathologies that affect the pediatric and the adult population. This comprehensive work offers detailed state of the art information on the changing paradigms in ultrastructural evaluation, diagnosis, clinical investigation, and treatment and reflects the shift towards conservative and minimally invasive treatment options. The combination of concise descriptions and high-quality images will provide the reader with a clear understanding of all relevant concepts. Diagnostic and imaging modalities are analysed in depth, and surgical procedures are explained step by step with the aid of clear, informative illustrations. Experts in the management of chest wall deformities from all over the world have contributed their experiences and approaches, making this a unique textbook in the field and an ideal reference work for clinicians and surgeons.​

This richly illustrated revised second edition provides a comprehensive survey of the growing role of medical imaging studies in the detection, staging, grading, tissue characterization, and post-treatment follow-up of soft tissue tumors. For each tumor group, imaging findings are correlated with clinical, epidemiologic, and histologic data. The relative merits and indications of various imaging modalities are discussed and compared. Particular emphasis is placed on MRI. The updated edition includes new chapters on soft tissue lymphoma, soft tissue tumors in the pediatric patient and biopsy of soft tissue tumors. It aims to serve both as a systematic, descriptive textbook and as a rich pictorial database of soft tissue masses.

Das Buch enthält Beiträge über die funktionelle Anpassung des Knochens an seine mechanischen Beanspruchungen, neuere Resultate der Forschung über genetische Erkrankungen des Skeletts, die Fortschritte in der Diagnostik und Therapie primärer Knochentumoren und Neues aus der Prothesenforschung. Die vorgelegten Ergebnisse aus den vielschichtigen Bereichen der Osteologie zeigen, daß sich ein so weites Feld der wissenschaftlichen und klinischen Medizin nicht einem einzigen Fachgebiet zuordnen läßt, sondern nur interdisziplinäre Teamarbeit die besten Forschungsresultate zu bringen vermag.

Tumors cells no longer confined to an affected organ can be released through lymph and the blood stream, disseminate and form metastases. Metastases to the spine are frequent, may be painful and may occur in an isolated or multiple level manner, they may lead to structural failure of the spinal column and cause com­ pression of nerve structures resulting in progressive paralysis or in painful radi­ culopathies. The dinical evaluation as weIl as to tumor pathophysiology are weIl explai­ ned in two general chapters and then each specific primary tumor is analyzed in a specific chapter. The choice was made to offer a multidisciplinary approach. One may thus find similar aspects repeated in different chapters, yet this is ne ces­ sary since each part of this textbook can be used as a specific reference. I was impressed by the carefully detailed humane approach to the patient information with care for the patient's dignity. Truthful information is explained dearly enough to give all the elements the patient needs to understand and accept neces­ sary treatments with a responsible attitude. Previously, when confronted with a patient suffering from a debilitating spine metastasis of a malignant tumor it has been almost always too late to offer anything more than compassionate ineffica­ cy. Surgical treatment was balanced with life expectancy and then only rarely indicated in certain specific cases.

This book will be an introduction to bone metastases for orthopaedic surgeons. It covers the basic principles of surgery in bone cancer; radiographic imaging of skeletal metastases; classification; medical treatment; radiotherapy; surgical treatment, incidence and pain relief.Steady progress in diagnosis and treatment of bone cancer in the last decade has dramatically changed the prognosis of cancer patients, significantly improving their overall survival rate and quality of life.Some haematologic malignancies that involve bone may be cured with systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but for most patients with bone metastases, pain relief is the goal of therapy.Bone Metastases - Medical, Surgical and Radiological Treatment is written by a multidisciplinary team of experts to provide comprehensive coverage of metastatic bone disease.Dominique G. Poitout is Professor of Surgery and Head of Orthopaedic Department at North Hospital, Marseille, France

Neueste Ergebnisse aus Praxis und Forschung zu Themen der Osteologie werden von Experten referiert. Besonderes Gewicht liegt hierbei auf Themen wie Primäre und sekundäre Knochentumoren, Medikamentöse Einflüsse auf das Skelettsystem, Gelenkdiagnostik, Trauma-Entzündung, Knochenersatz und Prothesen. Die konzentrierte Darstellung dieser und anderer Themen ist für den Leser besonders nützlich, dem diese Informationen sonst allenfalls über umständliche Literatursuche zugänglich ist.

4. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Osteologie 15.-18. Februar 1989 in Göttingen

Diagnostic sonography of the peripheral nervous system is an evolving specialty of musculoskeletal ultrasound. This book provides an in-depth description of sonographic examination technique - how to access an individual nerve with sonography and how to interpret local findings. A particular focus is on sonographic-anatomic correlations, based on the use of anatomic cadaver cryosections and comparative sonograms. All currently possible clinical applications are addressed, including the evaluation of nerve compression syndromes, traumatic lesions, tumors, and postoperative complications. The book contains a huge number of high-quality patient sonograms, all derived from cases with clinical and in many instances surgical correlation.

Shoulder Arthroscopy and MRI Techniques is an authoritative text on the various techniques in arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder joint. International experts in the field cover the whole spectrum of the state of the art. Clear and self-explanatory illustrations depict the operative procedures in a step-by-step manner. The authors communicate tips and tricks, thus enabling the reader to easily reproduce the procedures with the desired results. Through direct comparison between arthroscopic and MRI photographs the surgeon will be able to correlate the two and draw important conclusions. Another focus is placed on post-operative MRI evaluation. The reader is provided with up-to-date information and a valuable guide in his daily routine.

Musculoskeletal studies account for an important proportion of the daily clinical practice of most radiologists. For many years following Rontgen's discovery of x-rays in 1895, these studies were confined to plain films and conventional tomography, which substantially limited the contribution of radiology in achieving better diagnosis and treatment of ortho­ pedic pathologic conditions. The advent of digital radiography, ultrasound, computer tomography and especially magnetic resonance imaging has greatly enhanced the potential of radiologic imaging in this field. Among the benefits to accrue from these techniques are the detailed visualization of soft tissue anatomy and pathologic changes, progress in the noninvasive study of joint pathology, and improved staging of primary bone tumors. The need for an update of our knowledge in orthopedic imaging is therefore immense. The editors, Dr. A. M. Davies and Prof. H. Pettersson, have been able to acquire the collabo­ ration of a number of international leaders in bone and soft tissue imaging for the produc­ tion of this book, which took an exceptionally brief period from the date of conception to printing. Accordingly, readers will find in this work the latest developments in techniques and radiologic interpretation. The up-to-date nature of the information provided, and the expertise which it embodies, will undoubtedly be of great help in daily clinical practice, not only to general radiologists and orthopedic surgeons but also to musculoskeletal radiolo­ gists working in subspecialties. I am very grateful to the editors and to the authors for their excellent contributions.

The idea for this treatise on the radiological anatomy of superficial and deep spinal cord vasculature evolved from daily routine neuroradiological work. This was also the reason for subdividing the monograph into a postmortem anatomical and a clinical part. The actual importance of a clear conception of radio anatomic fundamentals was made clear by many clinical conferences with neurologists, neurosurgeons and orthopedists, where a lack of knowledge about medullary syndromes of suspected vascular origin became evident. Also among neuroradiologists there is still widespread uncertainty in the interpretation of myelograms and angiographies in such cases. A study of the spinal cord's angioarchitecture is all the more justified and necessary considering the vast number of descriptions of cerebro­ vascular anatomy and pathology. The clinical challenge posed by patients suffering from partial or complete transverse spinal lesions has grown due to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Myelography using water-soluble contrast media, X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and spinal angiography today allow and require both earlier and topographically and pathogenetically more exact classification of diseases of the spinal cord and its surrounding structures. Due to progress in microneurosurgery and interventional neuroradiology, even intramedullary lesions have become more and more accessible and treatable. Therefore this monograph mainly addresses those concerned with invasive therapeutic techniques and who are familiar with the interpretation of radio anatomic findings. A comprehensive description of medullary vascular syndromes would be beyond the scope of this treatise.

Blood Supply of Bone: Scientific Aspects provides a comprehensive description of the development and physiology of blood supply to the skeleton. Investigative techniques for different types of bone in the body are discussed and the effects of disturbed circulation and the vascular control of osteogenesis is described. This highly illustrated and authoritative volume contains much revised material and many new illustrations reflecting 25 years of advances in this research field since the publication of its well-known precursor in 1971. The wealth of information will not only be invaluable to orthopaedic surgeons, rheumatologists, and radiologists but also pathologists, sports medicine specialists and bone metabolism research workers.

This volume provides an up-to-date and comprehensive review of imaging of the knee. In the first part of the book, the various techniques employed when imaging the knee are discussed in detail. Individual chapters are devoted to radiography, arthrography, computed tomography and CT arthrography, magnetic resonance imaging and MR arthrography, and ultrasonography. The second part then documents the application of these techniques to the diverse clinical problems and diseases encountered in the knee. Among the many topics addressed are congenital and developmental abnormalities, trauma, meniscal pathology, the cruciate and collateral ligaments, the postoperative knee, infection, arthritis, osteochondritis, osteonecrosis and tumors. Each chapter is written by an acknowledged expert in the field, and a wealth of illustrative material is included. This book will be of great value to radiologists, orthopedic surgeons and other clinicians with an interest in the knee.

Recent years have witnessed major developments in diagnostic imaging methods. The facilities for these new methods are sometimes expensive. and not always accessible. yet they continue to improve and to change. It is essential that those concerned with orthopaedic imaging should appreciate not only recent developments but also the changes likely to occur during the next few years. It is also important that the indications. contraindications. uses and complications for each individual imaging technique should be understood. This book is an attempt to provide such information for orthopaedic surgeons. diagnostic radiologists. and other clinicians. par­ ticularly those in training or those who are involved in management of patients with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. In the first part of the book the different imaging techniques are discussed. with emphasis on advantages and disadvantages. indications and contraindica­ tions. In the second part. authors have been asked to discuss ways in which specific groups of disorders might be investigated. It is hoped that the reader will obtain from this section a balanced view of the different diagnostic imaging methods. the indications for their use. and the sequence in which they might be carried out. The Editors are grateful to aU authors for the time and work they have put into their individual chapters. They are also grateful to the publishers. in particular Michael Jackson. for help given in the preparation of this book. Manchester C. S. B. Galasko I.

The second volume of'Osteologia'- the proceedings of the annual meetings of the German Society for Osteology - differs from the first one in two ways. In contrast to the preceding one this issue is written in English. There had been good reasons for this decision but there had been equally good arguments against it by some board members. We therefore consider this to be a trial. Being aware of the difficulties to prepare a book not in one's mother tongue the editors only made minor corrections of the authors'con­ tributions. Having published with the first proceedings an overview of the various fields of research on osteology in our country, the conference of the German Society for Osteology now deals with special subjects and so will this conference report. The main heading of this book being'Generalized bone diseases'. One chapter will deal with new developments in the field of osteology and another presents unusual cases presented at the meeting. Our hopes are that the efforts of the German Society for Osteology, the local organizers and the editors will find some acknowledgement. Our thanks are due to the authors for their contributions as well as to the publishing house.

Percutaneous lumbar discectomy is a new surgical method for treating lumbar disc diseases. The goal of the procedure is decompression of the spinal nerve root by percutaneous removal of the nucleus pulposus under local anesthesia. Probably 20% of all patients requiring lumbar disc surgery can be successfully treated by this method. During the past two years, percutaneous discectomy has spread rapidly, and it is now performed in most clinical departments engaged in spinal surgery. The first International Symposium on Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy, held in Berlin in August 1988, covered all current procedures known as'percutaneous discectomy'and the entire range of percutaneous techniques, both clinical and experimental. Its publication is important because of the recency of this new surgical procedure, the outstanding experience of the speakers - including the Japanese, American, and European'pioneers'of the technique - and last but not least the gaps in the knowledge of physicians concerning this topic. This procedure opens up new perspectives in the surgical treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine.

When computed tomography (CT) was developed and introduced by Hounsfield (1973), a new era of clinical diagnostic potential began. At the same time CT created new difficulties, in that the physicians who had to deal with the CT images were not acquainted with their interpre­ tation. Therefore, it became necessary to compare CT scans with ana­ tomical sections, which gave additional information by virtue of their higher resolution, the different colors and consistencies of the struc­ tures, and the possibility to trace these structures across several sections. Several atlases comparing CT scans and anatomical sections were pub­ lished soon after the introduction of the new technique. The resolving power of the new scanners has increased consider­ ably, necessitating a renewed comparison between CT scans and ana­ tomical sections. A threefold need for higher-quality anatomical sec­ tions has also become evident: First, tissue preservation should be excellent. Second, the sections should not be thicker than the scans ob­ tained by the CT procedure. Third, the series of sections should be complete in order to permit three-dimensional reconstructions. We have tried to meet these requirements, restricting ourselves to the analysis of the lower extremity. The leg had to be scanned serially, then cut in serial sections in such a way that the CT planes and the ana­ tomical sections corresponded optimally. As many sections had to be il­ lustrated as were necessary to demonstrate changes in the internal struc­ ture of the extremity wherever they occurred.

Radioisotope bone scans of the paediatric skeleton have been undertaken in the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine on a daily basis. Indications for bone scintigraphy include infection, trauma, primary benign bone tumours, as well as malignancy. Other conditions such as avascular necrosis and certain dysplasias also warrant a bone scan. When faced with a child who is symptomatic, but in whom the diagnosis is uncertain, eg. the child with a limp of backache, will require a bone scan to exclude the skeleton as the source of the symptoms. For Departments where paediatric bone scans are carried out infrequently this Atlas will provide a crucial reference for the Radiologist, Nuclear Medicine Physician and Orthopaedic Surgeon, to be able to compare any particular paediatric bone scan with the variations of normality as displayed in the Atlas. Important advice is given to ensure high quality bone scan images which will allow better differentiation between normality and abnormality. This Atlas should be on the shelf of any department which undertakes bone scintigraphy in children, expecially if this is done on an irregular basis.

This book was conceived with the object of presenting to doctors and medical students with a potential interest in the disciplines of orthopaedic surgery, diagnostic radiology and orthopaedic pathology, a volume which would contain basic and essential information concerning those disorders of the skeleton in which a common interest exists. Diagnosis in such conditions is dependent on close collaboration between specialists in these subjects. As medical knowledge has advanced, so the necessity for detailed specialisation has increased. As a result co-operation in a combined approach has become of great importance. The method of presentation, in the form of Exercises, is designed to permit readers to test their own diagnostic ability. The book consists of ninety-four problems of diagnosis which might be encountered in any orthopaedic unit. The case material has been chosen to emphasise those conditions in which appreciation and integration of the clinical, radiological and pathological features are required in order to establish the diagnosis.

It has been several years since the nuclear medicine community was presented with an outstanding text on bone scintigraphy. Over a span of three decades the value of this enormously important clinical modality has remained undiminished, despite the introduction of new techniques for examining bone, especially magnetic re- nance imaging and positron emission tomography (PET). In fact the positron em- ting sodium fluoride-F-18 was employed as a bone imaging agent over 30 years ago and now finds new value as a potent tool in PET diagnosis. Dr. Elgazzar, a renowned nuclear medicine physician, researcher, author and teacher, has produced an important text on bone scintigraphy at a time when new concepts for use of this modality are on the horizon. His presentation is well gro- ded in the basic sciences and in pathophysiology, an approach which brings a - markable coherence to the text. Correlative imaging concepts are also carefully th- aded through these chapters. The production of a quality bone scan, which will not miss relevant clinical fi- ings because of errors in scanning technique, is not a simple matter, and Dr. Elgazzar emphasizes the caution and care with which the production of every bone scan must be approached, as well as the pitfalls in clinical interpretation. Well illustrated, and containing many tables to succinctly summarize the concepts being covered, this text is remarkably accessible despite its depth and breadth.

Das vorliegende Buch ist ein in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit zwischen Radiologen, Orthopäden, Unfallchirurgen und Neurochirurgen erstellter klinisch orientierter MRT-Bildatlas. Wesentliche Erkrankungen und Verletzungen der Wirbelsäule werden dargestellt. Neben einem umfangreichen Bildmaterial werden Hinweise zur Anatomie und Pathophysiologie, zu den MRT-Zeichen physiologischer und pathologischer Befunde, zu diagnostischen Fallstricken und zur klinischen Wertigkeit der Befunde gegeben. Durch die gleichzeitige Darstellung von Klinik und MRT-Diagnostik soll das Einarbeiten in eine eigenständige Bildbeurteilung der Wirbelsäule erleichtert werden. Die Grundlagen sind übersichtlich und prägnant zum Verständnis von Anatomie und Pathologie präsentiert, Diagnostik und operative Maßnahmen werden diadaktisch geschickt aufbereitet.

This book gives a clearly structured, well-defined compendium of classifications and scores of the shoulder for use in everyday clinical life to improve and simplify the communication between physicians and physiotherapists.

In many cases, MRI is the last and decisive step in diagnostic imaging of the musculoskeletal system. The knowledge necessary to understand normal anatomy and pathological findings has increased exponentially in recent years. In 850 images, with many MR-images supported by explanatory color graphs, this book addresses this issue and the main problems the examining physician encounters, including - the description of all relevant techniques of MRI- suggestions for tabular protocols- the comprehensive presentation of normal sectional anatomy, - tables for differential diagnosis, and - description of state-of-the-art imaging methods.