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This book is an up-to-date and comprehensive guide to all the common thyroid disorders that may be seen by internists, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and endocrine surgeons. While the fundamentals of thyroid hormone function and regulation in health and disease are well covered, the primary focus is on the clinical approach to thyroid disease, with detailed coverage of both initial diagnosis and management and the role of imaging. Because most endocrine diseases are chronic and lifelong, special emphasis is placed on long-term management and the common pitfalls that may be encountered by the clinician. The editors are internationally acknowledged leaders in the field of thyroid disease and have gathered an outstanding team of authors, all of whom are also highly expert in their respective areas, but who, equally importantly, write in a clear and lucid style. The numerous isotope scan and ultrasonographic images ensure that the book will serveas a valuable reference atlas to which the physician will return again and again.

This book offers a practical and modern update on radioisotope therapy. Clinically oriented, it provides a thorough guide to patient management, with the latest indications and procedures for the current radioisotopic treatments. It addresses the clinical problems associated with each respective pathology, discussing the management of patients (diagnosis and non-radioisotope therapy), the radiopharmaceuticals available today, and the current radioisotopic procedures. Wherever possible, information on dosimetry is included at the end of each topic, together with a list of and comments on the most recent guidelines with their recommendations for radiometabolic therapy.The book is divided into six main sections: thyroid diseases, hepatic tumors (HCC and hepatic metastases), bone metastases from prostate cancer, lymphomas, and neuroendocrine tumors. The last section is dedicated to new perspectives of radioisotope treatment. Based on contributions from of a multidisciplinary team of specialists: oncologists, surgeons, endocrinologists, hematologists, urologists, radiopharmacists and nuclear medicine physicians, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the position of radioisotope treatments among the various therapeutic options. Readers interested in targeted therapy, radiometabolic therapy, radioimmunotherapy and radiometabolic imaging will find this book both informative and insightful.

Ten years ago, the first edition of Graves'Orbitopathy: A Multidisciplinary Approach was published. Since then, the book has become very popular and much has happened in the field to warrant a third edition. What has not changed is the successful and attractive question-and-answer format of the book. In the 3rd, revised and expanded edition, new chapters have been added on co-morbidity, local treatment modalities, novel immunosuppressive therapy, detailed protocols, and questions frequently asked by patients. All chapters of the previous edition have been thoroughly updated. Subjects covered then include the pathology of Graves'Orbitopathy (GO) and the controversial views on its pathogenesis; assessment of changes using reliable measuring techniques; medical management of GO including established and alternative treatment options; technical explanations and illustrations of various surgical procedures; and finally, the molecular, immunologic, and clinical aspects of this complex disorder. Additionally, ample consideration is given to the new 2016 ETA/EUGOGO guidelines on the management of GO.

Thoroughly revised and extensively expanded, this encyclopedic, highly acclaimed title addresses all aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, initial treatment and long-term management of all varieties of thyroid cancer. Expertly edited by Drs. Leonard Wartofsky and Douglas Van Nostrand, this gold standard reference is divided into 11 Parts: General Considerations on Thyroid Cancer; General Considerations on Nuclear Medicine; the Thyroid Nodule; Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer; Variants of Thyroid Cancer, Undifferentiated Tumors: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma; Undifferentiated Tumors: Thyroid Lymphoma; Undifferentiated Tumors: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer; New Frontiers and Future Directions; and Additional Resources. With exceptional breadth and depth, the book includes chapters dedicated to isotopes, isotope uptake and scanning procedures such as SPECT/CT, radioiodine ablation (with or without recombinant human TSH), stunning, dosimetry (with or without recombinant human TSH), Octreotide and FDG-PET scanning and other alternative imaging modalities. There is a valuable reference atlas of scan images and illustrations, and a scholarly summary of the side effects of radioiodine and how to avoid or minimize adverse effects of treatment. In addition to an updated section on ultrasonography of the thyroid gland, new sections have been added, including ones on ultrasonography of cervical lymph nodes and imaging for thyroid cancer employing computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An indispensable reference source with chapters written by the field's leading authoritative experts, Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management, Third Edition, will be of great interest to not only pathologists, endocrine surgeons, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and oncologists but all clinicians with an interest in thyroid cancer.

This book discusses current controversial topics and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of malignant and benign ocular diseases, with special emphasis on ocular tumors. Written by leading specialists, the articles highlight the latest developments in the diagnosis and therapy of retinoblastomas, uveal melanomas and malignant lymphomas. Further contributions include such topics as the optimization of dosimetry and design of radioactive eye plaques, the effects and side-effects of radiotherapy of age-related macular degeneration, and new approaches for perioperative organ-preserving brachytherapy for orbital tumors. Readers will be particularly interested in the discussion of possible side-effects of photon and proton beam radiotherapy of the eye and their minimization. Extensive data from clinical studies evaluating radiotherapy in the management of endocrine orbitopathy are also provided. The final part is dedicated to radiotherapy of benign ocular diseases such as pterygium or choroidal and retinal hemangiomas. Compiling the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on ocular radiotherapy currently available and offering an interdisciplinary perspective, this book will be appreciated by ophthalmologists, radiotherapists and oncologists.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of medullary thyroid carcinoma, both in the more common sporadic form and in the familial form, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 2A and 2B. The coverage includes, but is not limited to, molecular biology and genetics, pathology, clinical presentation, imaging techniques, surgical treatment, and follow-up. The role of calcitonin as a highly sensitive and specific tumor marker for the screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of MTC and metastatic disease is described, and the significance of other tumor markers is also considered. With regard to treatment, the use of thyroidectomy is fully discussed, including in children carrying the mutations in the RET proto-oncogene considered causative for MEN 2. Additionally, the value of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as the most effective treatment modality in patients with a large tumor burden or rapid tumor growth, or both, is explained. Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 will be an ideal source of up-to-date information for a wide range of practitioners, including endocrinologists, oncologists, internal medicine specialists, geneticists, and nuclear medicine physicians.

The disorders induced by iodine deficiency affect at least one billion people. Because ofits effects on brain development, iodinedeficiency is the single most preventable cause of mental retardation in the world. Therefore, the United Nations and the Heads of State of almost all the world's countries represented at the Summit for Children in 1990 adopted resolutions to eradicate the disorders induced by iodine deficiency (IDD) by the year 2000. For geological and socio-economic reasons, most of the populations affected by iodine deficiency disorders live in isolated and usually mountainous areas, in pre­ industrialized parts ofthe world. The problem of iodine deficiency in Europe has been greatly underestimated in the last decades. After the remarkable studies on the effects of iodine deficiency and their prevention and correction in Switzerland, IDD was generally considered no longer a significant public health problem in Europe. However, surveys carried out in the early 1980's under the auspices of the European Thyroid Association, clearly demonstrated the persistence of moderately or even severely affected areas. These surveys also highlighted the lack ofinformation about large parts ofEurope, especially its eastern part. It is only quite recently, following major changes in international relations and thanks to the support of UNICEF, WHO, the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and the European Thyroid Association, that more extensive surveys have been conducted in several parts of Europe hitherto almost unexplored. These surveys showed that most European countries were iodine deficient.

Over the past two decades ultrasound has undergone numerous advances in technology such as gray-scale imaging, real-time sonography, high resolution 7.5-10 MHz transducers, and color-flow Doppler. This makes ultrasound unsurpassed in its ability to provide very accurate images of the thyroid gland quickly, inexpensively, and safely. However, in spite of these advances, ultrasound remains drastically underutilized by endocrinologists. In part, this is due to a lack of understanding of the ways in which ultrasound can aid in the diagnosis of various thyroid conditions and to a lack of experience in the ultrasound technique by the clinician. Thyroid Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Guided FNA Biopsy presents a `hands-on'approach to using ultrasound in the clinical evaluation and management of thyroid disease. It is written specifically for the clinician and discusses the subtleties one needs to be aware of in using this technique. Particular attention is paid to using ultrasound in conjunction with FNA biopsy. New technology such as three-dimensional ultrasound, color-flow Doppler, and percutaneous injection of cysts and nodules are discussed and demonstrated. Numerous ultrasound examples are used to show the interactions between ultrasound and tissue characteristics and explain their clinical significance. Also presented is the work of several groups of investigators worldwide who have explored new applications of ultrasound, that has led to novel techniques that are proving clinically useful.

The introduction of nuclear medicine into oncology dates back to the early 1 940s, when Lawrence reported on the tumor retention of 32P-phosphate, von Hevesy and von Euler soon afterwards published their fundamental work on the metabolism of phosphorus in sarcoma cells, and when almost at the same time Keston and his coworkers de­ scribed their observation of the accumulation of radioactive iodine in metastases of a thyroid carcinoma. Since that time innumerable publi­ cations have appeared in oncologic literature which deal with the application of nuclear medical methods in experimental cancer re­ search and also in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. The significance of some originally very successfully applied clinical methods naturally has changed over the years. For instance, scin­ tigraphy became somewhat less important for the purely morpho­ logic assessment of certain tumors after the introduction of transmis­ sion computerized tomography and modem sonographic methods into clinical practice. On the other hand, however, it has also been possible to further develop scintigraphy to a decisive extent, both'with refer­ ence to the test substances applied and in view of the instrumentation. As far as the scintigraphic equipment is concerned, the introduction of static and sequential digital imaging by means of scintillation camera­ computer systems in the mid-1960s represents important progress, as does the recent development of emission computerized tomography with single photon and positron emitters.

`Morphological imaging'and `functional imaging'are current mainstays for the diagnosis, successful treatment and accurate follow-up of patients with endocrine disorders. Functional and Morphological Imaging of the Endocrine System provides the reader with comprehensive but concise insights in the application of cutting edge imaging techniques and updated imaging protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of hypersecretory hormonal syndromes and functional endocrine masses.

Just prior to the 1982 Annual Meeting of the European Thyroid Association in Brussels, a number of outstanding experts in the field of X-ray fluorescence gathered at the Academisch Ziekenhuis of the Free University of Brussels in a joint effort to more clearly define the actual place and value of the latest newcomer among the techniques available for the in vivo assessment of thyroid function. It is the merit of Prof. M. Jonckheer to have organised this meeting and to have made available the work presented there to a larger public in the form of this monograph. Both, the meeting and the written accounts thereof are greatly appreciated by all thyroidologists who care for properly defining the genuine value of X-Ray fluorescence in scientific research and in clinical management of thyroid disorder. Three main conclusions can be drawn from the work presented 1. X-ray fluorescence has become a safe, convenient and reliable tool for measuring intrathyroidal iodine stores in vivo with an inter-assay reproducibility estimated at roughly 10% 2. X-ray fluorescence, used by expert hands, is a highly interesting tool to follow changes of intra thyroidal iodine stores in time, subsequent e. g. to the exposure of the thyroid gland to excess iodine 3. In contrast, no definite place of X-ray fluorescence as a technique in routine assessment of thyroid disease is yet at the horizon This latter conclusion may appear somewhat disappointing.

In Zurich at the 7th International Annual Meeting of the Society of Nuclear Hedicine in Europe, held in 1969, a group of young scientists from eleven countries dedicated some papers to the memory of Georg von Hevesy. The papers were published in a book entitled'Frontiers of Nuclear Medicine'(Springer-verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York). On the occasion of the Second International World Congress of Nuclear Medicine and Biology held in 1978 in Washington D.C., under the presidency of Henry N.Wagner,Jr., a group of young scientists again dedicated important papers from the Congress to the memory of Georg von Hevesy. This book consists of these papers, which present new results in the field of Nuclear Medicine reported by physicians, physicists, chemists, engineers, and computer scientists. The Georg von Hevesy Foundation of Nuclear Medicine in Zurich, Switzerland together with the president of the Second World Congress of Nuclear Medicine, Henry N.Wagner,Jr., have been the major forces in arranging publication of this book. The Georg von Hevesy Foundation is sponsoring the Hevesy Prize for Nuclear Medicine, the Hevesy Medal, and the Hevesy Memorial Lecture.

The significant progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis and the treatment of Graves'orbitopathy (GO) has warranted a second edition of this book within three years of the first. Now also fully incorporated is the EUGOGO consensus statement on management of GO, which since has been accepted worldwide as a useful guideline. Furthermore all chapters have been thoroughly updated. Subjects covered include the pathology of GO and the controversial views on its pathogenesis; assessment of changes using reliable measuring techniques; medical management of GO including established and alternative treatment options; technical explanations and illustrations of various surgical procedures and finally, the molecular, immunologic, and clinical aspects of this complex disorder. Two new chapters have been added: one describing the socioeconomic impact of the disease and the other outlining the Amsterdam Declaration on Graves'Orbitopathy. The successful question-and-answer format facilitates its use as a reference guide for medical practitioners and surgeons working in the fields of ophthalmology, internal medicine, endocrinology, pediatrics, immunology, as well as otorhinolaryngology. (A Karger''Publishing Highlights 1890–2015''title.)

Non-malignant, or'benign', diseases can be successfully treated using ionizing rad- tion technologies. It was first proposed in 1898 by Sokoloff, who reported the analgesic effects of radiotherapy for painful rheumatoid arthritis. Since then, the use of these techniques for painful muscle-skeletal diseases has gained acceptance particularly in Europe but is still carried out actively in the United States. Non-malignant diseases that are amenable to radiotherapy can be classified as inflammatory, degenerative, hype- roliferative, functional, or other disorders. However, the topographic and morphologic considerations are more relevant. Even though radiation therapy for'benign'diseases has not been pursued actively since the 1950s, more recent interest has dictated that it can be a very effective treatment modality. The use of radiotherapy can be justified for invasive and aggressive growth such as that seen with desmoids, for cosmetic d- figurations and functional loss as seen with keloids or endocrine orbitopathy, or for life-threatening complications such as hepatic hemangiomas or juvenile angiofibromas that occur in children or adolescents. Many of the non-malignant diseases can have a major and lasting effect on quality of life by causing pain or other serious symptoms, particularly when other methods of treatment are unavailable, have failed, or may induce more side effects. It is not generally the first choice of therapy in these non-malignant diseases, but it is acceptable as defined. The book edited by Seegenschmiedt et al.

The aim of this text is to create a unique in-depth comprehensive reference covering all surgically relevant thyroid and parathyroid diseases. It is a definite reference presenting the latest information on the management of common and rare disorders of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. International authorities provide detailed discussions on operative techniques and treatments that are accompanied by rationales for particular approaches advocated by the authors. The topics include the description of all surgically relevant pathologies, the preoperative surgical evaluation, decision making, and operative strategies for the different thyroid and parathyroid diseases. In addition, experts present the molecular basis for thyroid neoplasia and the current understanding of the genetics of inherited thyroid and parathyroid diseases. Evolving modern operative techniques like the minimally invasive videoscopic approach to the thyroid and parathyroids are also covered.

Pediatric Nuclear Medicine has emerged as the standard text in the field. This timely new edition reflects the latest advances in PET, SPECT, and oncology. It has been thoroughly revised and updated to incorporate cutting-edge diagnostic techniques. The third edition serves as an excellent resource for physicians whose nuclear medicine practices include children and provides a vast amount of background material for residents in training. Strategically expanded throughout, the third edition features: - Discussions and examples of PET in pediatric oncology, neurology, and cardiology - A revamped chapter on SPECT - Explanations of the latest applications of SPECT - Presentation of comparative studies with MRI and CT, including image registration and fusion among MRI/SPECT, MRI/PET, SPECT/PET, SPECT/CT, and PET/CT - Revised sections on the cardiovascular system, the genitourinary system, neuroblastoma, scrotal scintigraphy, and thyroid diseases - Expanded coverage of oncology

are new to this edition. The authors provide not only the The second edition of Thyroid Cancer: A Comp- most current review of their respective areas, but also their hensive Guide to Clinical Management marks the pub- own recommendations and approach. The reader is fo- cation of a markedly updated and expanded volume that warned that in many cases these approaches, albeit rooted covers all aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis, diag- sis, initial treatment, and long-term management of all in available data, may be empiric rather than based varieties of thyroid cancer. Like the first edition, it will upon clear-cut results of well-controlled clinical t- als. Nevertheless, controversial issues are examined serve as a valuable reference source for pathologists, and evidence-based recommendations are presented endocrine surgeons, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine when available. physicians, and oncologists. However, the biggest There are updated chapters on our current state change is that the second edition is significantly enlarged and expanded to encompass important and extensive of knowledge of the molecular changes in thyroid treatments of more topics related to nuclear medicine. cancer, molecular markers, and how targeted the- pies are being developed. New therapeutic trials of Nuclear medicine physicians and procedures play a key redifferentiation agents to restore the sodium iodide role in the management of thyroid cancer patients and in symporter when lacking and more traditional che- retrospect, a comprehensive discussion of topics related therapies are discussed, with referral sources listed for to that field was somewhat lacking in the first edition.

The spectrum of occupational and environmental diseases has changed markedly in recent years. New industrial processes have led to the production and use of a wide range of chemicals, metals, and alloys, an increasing number of which have been reported to cause interstitial lung disease in exposed workers. Thus, while the workforce in coal mining and asbestos handling has decreased, new groups of workers are at risk of exposure to agents potentially responsible for pneumoconiosis. This well-illustrated book, written by internationally acclaimed experts, provides a comprehensive approach to modern imaging of environmental and occupational diseases of the chest. The first part of the book addresses the basic knowledge required to understand imaging in this context, while the second focuses on the imaging results achieved in a variety of specific disorders. There is particular emphasis on thin-section computed tomography since this technique facilitates the detection of early subclinical abnormalities.

Management of Thyroid Cancer and Related Nodular Disease is an authoritative, readable book covering all aspects of thyroid cancer. The text is extensively referenced and includes personal experience of 35 years working with patients with thyroid disorders, including thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. The chapters are supplemented with many illustrations including pathology, thyroid and whole-body scans, ultrasounds and other nuclear medicine and radiological studies. Important questions that patients may ask their physicians are highlighted, indicating the topics the physician should cover. Thyroid anatomy and physiology, as well as the management of thyroid nodules are covered. There are several pathological varieties of thyroid cancer and these are reviewed with examples. A chapter about the etiology and pathogenesis of thyroid cancer covers the role of radiation and gene abnormalities. Chernobyl is referred to in this chapter as well. Management of Thyroid Cancer and Related Nodular Disease is designed for physicians, including primary care doctors, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, general and head and neck surgeons, oncologists and radiation oncologists. Others groups who will find an interest in part, or all of the book are residents, medical students, and nurse practitioners when they research a patient-related problem.