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Now in its 6th edition, The Handbook of Health Behavior Change continues to serve as the premier practical textbook for students, researchers, and health professionals in public health, health promotion, preventive and behavioral medicine, nursing, health communication, population health, and the behavioral sciences. It presents a foundational review of key theories, methods, and intervention strategies they will need to be both thoughtful and effective in promoting positive health behavior change. The book examines the complex challenges of improving health behavior in society including the upstream systems, economic, environmental, social, cultural and policy factors at play, as well as the interpersonal and intrapersonal behaviors that lead to disparate health outcomes among individuals and populations. Integrated throughout are applied case studies and real-world examples focusing on the importance of health equity considerations for health behavior change and how to apply an equity lens to conducting research, designing, and implementing programs. The 6th edition has been fully updated, reorganized, and revised to address the behaviors and health topics related to the leading causes of death and morbidity among adults and children in the United States. Using a multidisciplinary approach, The Handbook of Health Behavior Change prepares the next generation of health professionals to face future challenges in the health behavior sphere through its discussions on equity, theoretical advances, primary and secondary prevention, and application of effective strategies for implementing interventions across levels of society. Provides the'gold standard'review of behavior change interventions New additions highlight the most recent evidence on timely topics such as vaccine uptake, reproductive and sexual health, workplace safety, injury prevention, and mental and behavioral health Features authors with deep expertise in behavior change research, clinical applications, and population health interventions Focuses on practical learning objectives that relate to core public health competencies Summarizes important concepts and information with new and updated illustrations, key points, and discussion questions Includes engaging case studies in every chapter Qualified instructors have access to this edition's expanded Instructor Resources including learning activities, comprehensive PowerPoint slides, and additional resources to supplement students'dynamic learning and interaction with the text

This edited volume draws from health communication scholars and offers a depthful examination of the roles vaccination have played and continue to play in contributing to human, community, and transnational protection against infectious diseases. The problems associated with vaccination against infection diseases was made abundantly clear during the current pandemic of COVID-19. Vaccines were traced back to Dr. Edward Jenner in the 18th century as a tool to control smallpox in England. Today we have six different categories of vaccines (three seem most controversial today): inactivated, live-attenuated, and messenger RNA (mRNA). We examine the reasons for public reluctance and outright resistance to vaccines examining cognitive biases, communication campaign failures, politicization, misinformation, partisanship, and greed. The healthcare industry has not treated all infected people equally, especially the poor and people of color. This is true in the USA as well as abroad. In the future, we can expect more exotic infections to increase due to globalization, development, and transportation. As climate changes, humans will contact more species carrying many different bacteria and viruses. Advances in medical research have led to increases in the number of vaccinations available to control infection and outbreaks. However, the rates of vaccination have fluctuated over time. A vaccine that is not used is meaningless. To increase vaccination rates, we must learn why the public shies away from vaccinations and under what circumstances. This information will enable us to design more effective messaging and communication campaigns to maximize general resilience. An interactive partnership between providers of healthcare and their patients is a prerequisite to productive and effective vaccination campaigns

Technologien tragen erheblich zur Verbesserung der Patientenversorgung im Gesundheitswesen bei. Um das in ihnen liegende Potenzial zu heben und sicherzustellen, dass die richtigen Technologien zum Einsatz kommen, ist eine umfassende Herangehensweise notwendig. Diese beginnt mit einer gründlichen Analyse und Bewertung der verfügbaren Technologien für den jeweiligen Einsatzbereich. Das Technologiemanagement übernimmt im Anschluss die Schlüsselrolle bei der effizienten Einführung neuer Technologien, einschließlich strukturierter Implementierung, Kostenkontrolle und der Gewährleistung von Sicherheit und Datenschutz. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass Technologien reibungslos in bestehende Strukturen integriert werden, die Effizienz im Gesundheitswesen steigt und die Qualität der Patientenversorgung erheblich verbessert wird. Das vorliegende Herausgeberwerk gibt einen Überblick zu den aktuellen Themen aus Theorie und Praxis des Technologiemanagements im Gesundheitswesen und umfasst auch Fragen zum Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz. In 44 Beiträgen teilen 92 renommierte Autoren ihre umfangreiche Expertise, wertvollen Erkenntnisse, Erfahrungen und vielfältigen Perspektiven und geben konkrete Hinweise für die Praxis. Das Buch zeichnet sich durch eine klare Strukturierung und Einordnung der Buchbeiträge in den technologischen Gesamtkontext aus, wodurch es gleichermaßen für Einsteiger als auch für Praktiker und Wissenschaftler von großem Nutzen ist.

This book examines the correlation of the coronavirus disease-19 [CE1] [AAS2] (COVID-19) infection with sleep, circadian rhythm, and sleep disorders. The chapters of the book explore sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with psychological distress and also review the prevalence of clinical cases of insomnia, anxiety, and depression in COVID-19 patients. The book further presents the correlation between sleep, circadian rhythms, and immunity that contributes toward more severe COVID-19. It summarizes the evidence on the interplay between circadian biology, sleep, and COVID-19. The chapters of the book discuss the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Towards the end, the book presents studies on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunotropic properties of melatonin and provides mechanistic insights into the potential therapeutic use of melatonin during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The last chapter describes the publication output of sleep-related research during the pandemic and provides an overview and trends on sleep and covid-19 publication output. This book is an excellent source for neurologists, sleep specialists, and public health specialists.

This book provides an interdisciplinary overview of the causes and impacts of COVID-19 on populations, economies, politics, institutions and environments from all world regions. The book maps the causes, effects and impacts of the virus and describes the impact of the virus on among others health care, teaching and learning, travel, tourism, daily life, local and regional economies, media impacts, elections, and indigenous populations and much more. Contributions to this book come from the humanities, social and policy science disciplines as well as from emerging transdisciplinary fields including climate change, sustainability, health care and epidemiology, security, art, visualization, economic and social well-being, law and borderland studies. As such, this book will be a rich source of information to all those geographers, social scientists and urban and regional planners working in this field.

Now in a fully revised Fourth Edition, Modern Epidemiology remains the gold standard text in this complex and evolving field. This edition continues to provide comprehensive coverage of the principles and methods for the design, analysis, and interpretation of epidemiologic research. Featuring a new format allowing space for margin notes, this edition • Reflects both the conceptual development of this evolving science and the increasing role that epidemiology plays in improving public health and medicine. • Features new coverage of methods such as agent-based modeling, quasi-experimental designs, mediation analysis, and causal modeling. • Updates coverage of methods such as concepts of interaction, bias analysis, and time-varying designs and analysis. • Continues to cover the full breadth of epidemiologic methods and concepts, including epidemiologic measures of occurrence and effect, study designs, validity, precision, statistical interference, field methods, surveillance, ecologic designs, and use of secondary data sources. • Includes data analysis topics such as Bayesian analysis, probabilistic bias analysis, time-to-event analysis, and an extensive overview of modern regression methods including logistic and survival regression, splines, longitudinal and cluster-correlated/hierarchical data analysis, propensity scores and other scoring methods, and marginal structural models. • Summarizes the history, specialized aspects, and future directions of topical areas, including among others social epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, genetic and molecular epidemiology, psychiatric epidemiology, injury and violence epidemiology, and pharmacoepidemiology.

The proverbial benefits of prevention over cure are self-evident and yet we are reluctant to invest in staying healthy. Resolution of this age-old dilemma begins with a timeless truth: the benefits of good health come at a cost; prevention is not better than cure at any price. That logic leads to the testable hypothesis that prevention should be favoured when an imminent, high-risk, high-impact hazard can be averted at relatively low cost. Application of this idea helps to explain why cigarette smoking is still common place, why the world was not ready for the COVID-19 pandemic, why billions still do not have access to safe sanitation, and why the response to climate change has been so slow. Much more money and effort are invested in health promotion and prevention today than is commonly thought, but the enormous avoidable burden of illness is reason to seek ways of investing further. The Great Health Dilemma: Is Prevention Better than Cure? provides a framework for investigating prevention and illustrates the application of principles with practical examples. Chapter 1 discusses the history of prevention and draws on examples over a 5000-year period from neolithic times to the present day. Chapter 2 considers the principles of prevention and the societal conditions that affect how individuals, governments, and countries react to issues linked to public health. Chapters 3 to 8 explore the efficiency of prevention in a variety of settings including financing health services, pandemic preparedness, tuberculosis and hiv/aids control, non-communicable diseases, sanitation and climate change. Drawing together the evidence, chapter 9 provides suggestions for promoting good health and preventing disease in the future.

Gerade in der Zeit des demographischen Wandels und des späteren Renteneintrittsalters gilt es, Mitarbeiter möglichst lange fit und leistungsstark zu erhalten. Um jedoch zielführende Maßnahmen einzuleiten, bedarf es eines reflektierten Einsatzes von unternehmensspezifischen Bedingungen und Maßnahmen, die die individuellen Besonderheiten berücksichtigen. Ein Test über den Vitalitätszustand von Mitarbeitern kann hierfür sinnvoll sein, indem er als diagnostisches Verfahren Messgrößen zur Orientierung des IST-Zustandes liefert. Durch einen erneuten Einsatz des Biotality-Index nach einer bestimmten Zeit kann die Wirksamkeit eingeführter Maßnahmen bewertet werden. Der Biotality-Index möchte daher sowohl auf privater als auch beruflicher Ebene sensibilisieren, den Alterungsprozess über den Lebensstil positiv zu beeinflussen.

This evidence-to-practice volume deftly analyzes the processes and skills of integrating mental healthcare with primary care, using multiple perspectives to address challenges that often derail these joint efforts. Experts across integrative medicine offer accessible blueprints for smoothly implementing data-based behavioral interventions, from disease management strategies to treatment of psychological problems, into patient-centered, cost-effective integrated care. Coverage highlights training and technology issues, key healthcare constructs that often get lost in translation, and other knowledge necessary to create systems that are rooted in—and contribute to—a robust evidence base. Contributors also provide step-by-step guidelines for integrating behavioral health care delivery in treating cancer, dementia, and chronic pain. Among the topics covered: The epidemiology of medical diseases and associated behavioral risk factors.Providertraining: recognizing the relevance of behavioral medicine and the importance of behavioral health consultations and referrals.Screening for behavioral health problems in adult primary care.Health care transformation: the electronic health record.Meeting the care needs of patients with multiple medical conditions.Smoking cessation in the context of integrated care. This depth of clinical guidance makes Behavioral Medicine and Integrated Care an essential reference for practitioners on all sides of the equation, including health psychologists and other professionals in health promotion, disease prevention, psychotherapy and counseling, and primary care medicine.

Principles and Concepts of Behavioral MedicineA Global Handbook Edwin B. Fisher, Linda D. Cameron, Alan J. Christensen, Ulrike Ehlert, Brian Oldenburg, Frank J. Snoek and Yan Guo This definitive handbook brings together an international array of experts to present the broad, cells-to-society perspectives of behavioral medicine that complement conventional models of health, health care, and prevention. In addition to applications to assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and management, contributors offer innovative prevention and health promotion strategies informed by current knowledge of the mechanisms and pathways of behavior change. Its range of conceptual and practical topics illustrates the central role of behavior in health at the individual, family, community, and population levels, and its increasing importance to person-centered care. The broad perspectives on risk (e.g., stress, lifestyle), management issues (e.g., adherence, social support), and overarching concerns (e.g., inequities, health policy) makes this reference uniquely global as it addresses the following core areas: · The range of relationships and pathways between behavior and health.· Knowing in behavioral medicine; epistemic foundations.· Key influences on behavior and the relationships among behavior, health, and illness.· Approaches to changing behavior related to health.· Key areas of application in prevention and disease management.· Interventions to improve quality of life.· The contexts of behavioral medicine science and practice. Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine opens out the contemporary world of behavior and health to enhance the work of behavioral medicine specialists, health psychologists, public health professionals and policymakers, as well as physicians, nurses, social workers and those in many other fields of health practice around the world.

The first edition of A Guide To Assessments That Work provided a much needed resource on evidence-based psychological assessment. Since the publication of the first edition, a number of advances have been made in the assessment field and a revised diagnostic system for mental disorders has been introduced. These changes are reflected in the second edition and new chapters have been included to cover the use of evidence-based assessment instruments and procedures in clinical practice and the use of evidence-based principles to integrate and interpret assessment data. This volume addresses the assessment of the most commonly encountered disorders or conditions among children, adolescents, adults, older adults, and couples. Strategies and instruments for assessing mood disorders, anxiety and related disorders, couple distress and sexual problems, health-related problems, and many other conditions are reviewed by leading experts. With a focus throughout on assessment instruments that are feasible, psychometrically sound, and useful for typical clinical requirements, this edition features the use of a rating system designed to provide evaluations of a measure's norms, reliability, validity, and clinical utility. Standardized tables summarize this information in each chapter, providing essential information on the most scientifically sound tools available for a range of assessment needs. With its focus on clinically relevant instruments and assessment tasks, this volume provides readers with the essential information for conducting the best evidence-based mental health assessments currently possible.

Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und Validierung des wertorientierten Modells für das strategische Gesundheitsmanagement in Beratungsunternehmen (WOGE-Modell), um die Zusammenhänge zwischen der gesundheitlichen Konstitution von Unternehmensberaterinnen und -beratern und deren Wertschöpfung zu untersuchen. Besonderer Fokus liegt auf der Evaluierung der sportlichen Aktivität als zentrale gesundheitsfördernde Ressource und auf der Prüfung des erforderlichen Sportpensums zur Erzielung gesundheitsfördernder Effekte. Es gelingt dem Autor, das Modell grundsätzlich zu bestätigen und ein Rahmenkonzept für die Integration des Gesundheitsmanagements in die strategische Unternehmenssteuerung zu entwickeln.

The aim of this edited book is to provide health professionals, across a wide variety of specialisms, with a targeted access to evolutionary medicine. Throughout the book, the views of both medical and evolutionary scientists on the latest relevant research is presented with a focus on practical implications. The inclusion of boxes explaining the theoretical background as well as both a glossary for technical terms and a lay summary for non- specialists enable medical researchers, public health professionals, policy makers, physicians, students, scholars and the public alike to quickly and easily access appropriate information. This edited volume is thus relevant to anyone keen on finding out how evolutionary medicine can improve the health and well-being of people.

Training, credentialing and employment opportunities for Community Health Workers (CHW) are expanding across the nation. Foundations for Community Health Workers, 2nd Edition provides a practical and comprehensive introduction to essential skills for CHWs, with an emphasis on social justice, cultural humility, and client-centered practice. Real-life case studies and quotes from working CHWs illustrate challenges and successes on the job.For additional details, please visit: http://wileyactual.com/bertholdshowcase/

Health and Biomedical Informatics is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary field; one in which new developments may prove crucial in meeting the challenge of providing cost-effective, patient-centered healthcare worldwide. This book presents the proceedings of MEDINFO 2015, held in São Paulo, Brazil, in August 2015. The theme of this conference is ‘eHealth-enabled Health', and the broad spectrum of topics covered ranges from emerging methodologies to successful implementations of innovative applications, integration and evaluation of eHealth systems and solutions. Included here are 178 full papers and 248 poster abstracts, selected after a rigorous review process from nearly 800 submissions by 2,500 authors from 59 countries. The conference brings together researchers, clinicians, technologists and managers from all over the world to share their experiences on the use of information methods, systems and technologies to promote patient-centered care, improving patient safety, enhancing care outcomes, facilitating translational research and enabling precision medicine, as well as advancing education and skills in Health and Biomedical Informatics. This comprehensive overview of Health and Biomedical Informatics will be of interest to all those involved in designing, commissioning and providing healthcare, wherever they may be.

Choice Outstanding Academic Title! 4 Stars - Doody's!Praise for the Third Edition:'This work will be one that students and clinicians keep on their shelves as the gold-standard reference for health behavior change. Summing up: Essential'--ChoiceSubstantially revised to reflect current trends in the field of health behavior change, this new edition of the highly acclaimed'gold standard'text continues to provide a comprehensive overview of behavior change as it relates to public health. It has been extensively reorganized to eliminate redundancies in the earlier edition, and takes a broader, more pragmatic approach in its coverage of health behavior change. New content includes chapters on lifestyle change and prevention and chronic disease management, with an intensive focus on specific behaviors (i.e. diet and nutrition, tobacco use) and chronic illness (i.e diabetes, heart disease). A new section on Community, System, and Provider Interventions to Support Health Behavior Change focuses on the efficacy of interventions implemented within various systems such as schools, workplaces, and health care systems. The fourth edition also provides learning objectives and discussion questions to facilitate use by course instructors in health psychology, behavioral medicine, and public health.This multidisciplinary text has been authored and edited by highly esteemed practitioners, educators, and researchers who are experts in their specific areas of study. The majority of the text continues to be organized around the specific behaviors and chronic illnesses with the most significant public health impacts in terms of morbidity and mortality. Each chapter explains the significance of a particular problem and reviews the empirical evidence for the various intervention approaches.New to the Fourth Edition:Extensively reorganized to eliminate redundanciesUpdated to encompass the most current research in health behavior changeIncludes new chapters on Alcohol, Stress and Mood Management, Diabetes, Obesity, The Workplace, Built Environment, and Behavior DataFocuses intensively on specific behaviors and chronic illnesses that significantly affect public healthIncludes a new section on Community, System, and Provider Interventions to Support Health Behavior ChangeApplicable to a wide variety of courses including public health, behavior change, preventive medicine, and health psychologyAuthored by leading researchers, educators, and practitioners with a multidisciplinary focusIncludes learning objectives and discussion questions

The idea for this volume developed when we were co-teaching our introductory, mas­ ter's-level course in the Department of Health Behavior at the UAB School of Public Health, a core course for all masters of public health students in the school regardless of the department in which they enrolled or the focus of their studies. Hence, in the course we sought to provide both students in our department, as well as those who might not ever again take a health behavior course, with an overview that would both truly represent the field and substantially provide educational, research, and public health practice benefits. This was, and continues to be, a challenge with the diversity of students specializing in fields that include not only health behavior but also bio­ statistics, environmental health sciences, epidemiology, health care organization and policy, international health, and maternal and child health. The course that we taught attempted to provide the students with an overview of some of the important health promotion and disease prevention theories, methods, and policy issues, while re­ viewing applications of these theories and methods to promoting health and pre­ venting disease through a variety of channels, for a variety of disease outcomes, and among a variety of populations. Since no one text provided this variety of readings, we depended on readings and guest lectures.

Volume 2 discusses the relationship between patient and caregiver in terms of structural and interactional determinants. The impact of provider characteristics on'compliance'and'adherence'is given especially noteworthy treatment. Each volume features extensive supplementary and integrative material prepared by the editor, the detailed index to the entire four-volume set, and a glossary of health behavior terminology.

Experts from academia, clinical settings, and the business world pool their knowledge about work injury prevention and management in the new Sourcebook of Occupational Rehabilitation. The 22 contributions in this wide-ranging reference address aspects of the three primary areas of service delivery: prevention, assessment, and rehabilitation. The text takes a multidisciplinary viewpoint toward its subject in order to shed light on the mechanisms and management of work-related disorders. It boasts a wealth of current and in-depth information, and takes a practical `applications approach'to rehabilitation

In his treatment of activity measurement in the fields of medicine and psychology, Tryon gives us a book that clearly accomplishes the three purposes set out in its preface. The reader is definitely encouraged to wrestle with the concepts ofbehavior and activity in terms of'dynamic physical quantities.'Moreover, the reader cannot help but become familiarized with the technology available for performing activity measurements. Motivation to use some of this technology is enhanced by the very extensive summary of other people's uses of it provided throughout the book. Readers may find the book provocative on a number of Ievels. It is concep­ tually provocative to those of us struggling with understanding basic issues in the assessment and measurement of behavior. It is practically provocative to those of us working with various forms of behavioral difference, especially in clinical popula­ tions. The book provokes because it is essentially an unfinished exploration, open­ ing us to numerous pathways that, when traveled, reveal still more paths to explore. In this sense the book should be heuristically useful both in the more traditional empirical sense, and in terms of its Stimulation of conceptual discussion.

Adolescence is a developmental period of accelerating physical, psychological, social! cultural, and cognitive development, often characterized by confronting and surmounting a myriad of challenges and establishing a sense of self-identity and autonomy. It is also, unfortunately, a period fraught with many threats to the health and well-being of adoles­ cents and with substantial consequent impairment and disability. Many of the adverse health consequences experienced by adolescents are, to a large extent, the result of their risk behaviors. Many adolescents today, and perhaps an increasing number in the future, are at risk for death, disease, and other adverse health outcomes that are not primarily biomedical in origin. In general, there has been a marked change in the causes of morbidity and mortality among adolescents. Previously, infectious diseases accounted for a dispro­ portionate share of adolescent morbidity and mortality. At present, however, the over­ whelming toll of adolescent morbidity and mortality is the result of lifestyle practices.

HEALTH BEHAVIOR AS BASIC RESEARCH Health behavior is not a traditional discipline, but a newly emerging interdisciplinary field. It is still in the process of establishing its identity. Few institutional or organizational structures, i. e., departments and programs, reflect it, and few books and journals are directed at it. The primary objective of this book is thus to identify and establish health behavior as an important area of basic research, worthy of being studied in its own right. As a basic research area, health behavior transcends commitment to a particular behavior, a specific illness or health problem, or a single set of determinants. One way of achieving this objective is to look at health behavior as an outcome of a range of personal and social determinants, rather than as a set of risk factors or as targets for intervention strategies directed at behavioral change. The book is thus organized pri­ marily in terms of the size of the determinants of concern, rather than in terms of specific health behaviors, or specific health problems or conditions. With the first part of the book establishing working defmitions of health behavior and health behavior research as basic frameworks, the second part moves from smaller to larger systems, informing the reader about basic research that demonstrates how health behavior is determined by personal, family, social, institutional, and cultural factors. These distinctions reflect some arbitrar­ iness: the family, organizations, and institutions, for example, are social units.

Patients who have both a psychiatric disorder and a substance abuse problem cause most clinicians to throw up their hands in despair. The clinical problems that these'dual diagnosis'patients present are enor­ mously complex. Diagnostically, how is one to tell if disorders of mood and thinking, for instance, are signs of a mental illness or consequences of substance abuse? How is one to obtain important historic information when the patient may be unable or unwilling to provide it and there are no readily available collateral sources of information? In any case, why bother? Treatments for dually diagnosed patients are ineffective; patients won't stay in treatment; recidivism occurs at a very high rate. To make matters even more difficult, traditional health care reim­ bursement mechanisms do not provide for the multimodality clinical programs and special services needed by the patient who is both mentally ill and a substance abuser. So the clinician needs an effective bureaucratic strategy as well as a treatment strategy. For the most part, clinicians have handled the problem by ignoring it.

Organ transplantation is one of the best therapeutic options for patients with end-stage organ failure. Experimental organ transplantation is an important link between basic science and clinical practice. Both editors, Dr. Chen and Dr. Qian, have been working in this area for more than 20 years. Experts from the United States, Canada, China, Japan, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Switzerland, Hungary, and Brazil contributed 25 chapters in this book, and provided detailed descriptions of techniques for vascularized organ allografts in mice, rats, pigs, and nonhuman primates, as well as detailed descriptions of non-vascularized pancreatic islet and spleen allografts. Furthermore, they discussed new advances in transplantation immunology. This book provides numerous important references which were carefully selected by the authors to extend their visions and knowledge. The appropriate readers of this book include medical students, graduate students, residents, surgeons, physicians and immunologists interested in the transplantation area.

As we move into the 21st century it is becoming increasingly difficult to offer appropriate introductory clinical experiences for medical students. Many schools offer clinical experiences in the first year of medical school, when the learner has little background in the traditions and origins of the doctor-patient interaction. Others begin this process in the second year, after a professional language base has been established, but concise educational materials are scarce that integrate the meaning of the privileged clinical encounter with the process and content of interviewing and examining patients. In the tertiary hospitals, where most medical schools are based, the educators must provide an orienta­ tion to the clinical encounter, an intensely personal experience, in the midst of glittering technological marvels that easily distract both the novice physician and the wizened teacher. Understanding the context and historical basis for the privilege of interviewing and examining another person about intimate matters relating to health and disease is essential to this process. Considering these factors, this textbook is written to assist medical educators and medical students involved in early clinical training. As the demand for'high-tech'medicine has accelerated, so has the public concern over the loss of'high-touch'or compassionate, humane interactions with physicians. Physicians are perceived as more concerned with readouts from machines and fiberoptic views of the patient than with understanding and car­ ing about the people we have labeled as patients.

Despite medical technological advances, the major killers with which we must currently contend have remained essentially the same for the past few decades. Stroke, cancer, and heart disease together account for the vast majority of deaths in the United States. In addition, due to improved medical care, many Americans who would previously have died now survive these disorders, necessitating that they receive appropriate rehabilitation efforts. One result of our own medical advances is that we must now accept the high costs associated with providing quality care to individuals who develop one of these problems, and we must avail ourselves to assist of afflicted individuals. families Despite the relative stability of causes of death and disability, the health-care field is currently experiencing tremendous pressures, both from professionals with­ in the field, who desire more and better technology than is currently available, and from the public and other payers of health care (e.g., insurance companies), who seek an end to increasing health-care costs. These pressures, along with an increased emphasis on providing evidence of cost-effectiveness and quality assurance, are substantially changing the way that health-care professionals perform their jobs.

It is generally recognized today that the United States has a need to contri­ bute to the improvement of health throughout the world. The need stems from the interrelationships that exist between the health of Americans and the health status of the rest of the people on'Spaceship Earth.'Disease does not respect national boundaries, and the frequency of travel and trade between countries increases each year. It further relates to the opportunities found in international settings to help solve health problems more effec­ tively and efficiently. This includes the unique human resources that are found throughout the world as well as certain natural ecological conditions that cannot be duplicated in the United States. The United States also has a responsibility to contribute to improved health status. Our tradition of humanitarianism alone supports such a re­ sponsibility, but our comparative wealth of technical and financial re­ sources dictates a requirement to participate. Modern political realities de­ fine relationships between developed and developing countries that will not allow us to isolate ourselves from the compelling health needs of a majority of the world's population.

Americans are'healing themselves'(Heckler, 1985) and prevention has taken root (McGinnis, 1985a). We are altering our lifestyle to reduce physical and mental health risks. Perhaps as important is the fact that the science of prevention is beginning to catch up with the practices of prevention, although some might argue that the popularity of these practices far outstrips sound theoretical and empirical foundations. The chapter authors in this volume examine the theoretical and empirical foundations of many current prevention practices and, where data exist, discuss the status of prevention efforts. Where substantial prevention is not yet on the horizon, the authors attempt to point us in the right direction or at least share with the reader some of the risk factors that should be addressed in our research. We hope that readers will be stimulated to discuss the issues raised, advance the current research, and, where possible, adopt the prevention and health promotion strategies that are supported by sound theoretical and empirical work. This volume can in no way be comprehensive with respect to the current work in prevention; however, we hope that we have provided a sampling of prevention activities and issues that appear together in one volume for perhaps the first time. The primary intent of this volume is modest, and the reader should not attempt to find continuity among the various chapters. The only binding among these contributions is their focus on prevention.

This book disseminates current information pertaining to the modulatory effects of foods and other food substances on behavior and neurological pathways and, importantly, vice versa. This ranges from the neuroendocrine control of eating to the effects of life-threatening disease on eating behavior. The importance of this contribution to the scientific literature lies in the fact that food and eating are an essential component of cultural heritage but the effects of perturbations in the food/cognitive axis can be profound. The complex interrelationship between neuropsychological processing, diet, and behavioral outcome is explored within the context of the most contemporary psychobiological research in the area. This comprehensive psychobiology- and pathology-themed text examines the broad spectrum of diet, behavioral, and neuropsychological interactions from normative function to occurrences of severe and enduring psychopathological processes.

The spectrum of addiction disorders presents practitioners with numerous challenges—among them the widening gap between a growing evidence base and the translation of this knowledge into treatment outcomes. Addiction Medicine addresses this disconnect, clearly explaining the role of brain function in drug taking and other habit-forming behaviors, and applying this biobehavioral framework to the delivery of evidence-based treatment. Its state-of-the-art coverage provides clinically relevant details on not only traditional sources of addiction such as cocaine, opiates, and alcohol, but also more recently recognized substances of abuse (e.g., steroids, inhalants) as well as behavioral addictions (e.g., binge eating, compulsive gambling, hoarding). Current behavioral and medical therapies are discussed in depth, and the book's close attention to social context gives readers an added lens for personalizing treatment. An international panel of expert contributors offers the most up-to-dateinformation on: Diagnosis and classification Neurobiological and molecular theories of addiction Behavioral concepts of addiction Clinical aspects of addiction to a wide range of substances, including opiates, stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine Science-based treatment options: pharmacotherapy, pharmacogenetics, potential vaccines, brief and compliance-enhancing interventions, cognitive behavioral treatment, behavioral management, and other psychosocial interventions Behavioral addictions—including compulsive eating, Internet messaging, and hypersexuality—and their treatment Addiction in specific populations, including adolescents, the elderly, pregnant women, and health care professionals Legal, disability, and rehabilitation issues At once comprehensive and integrative, Addiction Medicine is an essential text and a practice-expanding tool for psychiatrists, health psychologists, pharmacologists, social workers, drug counselors, trainees, and general physicians/family practitioners.

Obesity is one of the most pressing health issues affecting our country. This unique volume is the first to apply behavioral economicsóthe integration of psychological and economic knowledgeóto the study of eating behavior. The text demonstrates how this discipline can be used to understand why it so difficult for individuals to control their eating habits, and helps readers use this knowledge to create and improve public health nutrition programs and policies. The text examines dietary choices and obesity through a multidisciplinary lens of biological, psychological, and social factors, and draws from the disciplines of behavioral economics, nutrition, public health, and health promotion. Based on the premise that humans are hardwired to make judgment errors and need a ìnudgeî to make decisions in their best interests, the book argues that increasing consumer well-being requires changing an individualís personal environment. It describes the power of irrational forces that compete with sensible judgment in regard to food choices, and provides strategies for improving decisions and health habits. Highly accessible, the text will be of interest to students, professors, and practitioners in nutrition-related health programs, as well as to public health policy makers.Key Features: Assesses the social determinants that affect nutrition choices, including food availability, nutrition education, income, culture, and other key factorsDemonstrates how flawed decisions and self-control difficulties can affect eating behaviorProvides a valuable framework for improving public health through understanding and changing the way individuals make food decisionsExplains the link between obesity rates and economics of food choice (fast food, food marketing, and social factors)Provides strategies and tools to help people improve their decision-making and health habits

Evidence for the efficacy of behavioral approaches to the treatment and management of physical illness is mounting, as is the evidence for behavioral interventions for psychological disorders. A pressing question that remains is how to effectively treat co-morbid physical and psychological illnesses. Diseases co-occur more often than not, and the co-occurrence of physical and psychological illnesses is associated with greater impairment and healthcare costs. Unfortunately, the treatment literature has traditionally been disease-specific, with fewer insights and discoveries regarding the underlying processes of co-morbid physical and psychological illnesses, and even fewer of approaches to treatment.Research on co-morbidities between physical and psychological illnesses has focused primarily on depression. Quite extensive literatures describe the negative impact of depression on type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, pain, and other physical illnesses. More recently, higher rates of physical illness have been documented in individuals with bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and impulse control disorders. Studies emanating from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R), the only U.S. population-based database that includes diagnostic information on all DSM-IV psychological disorders, have revealed strong links between a number of physical and psychological illnesses. These data draw attention to the prevalence of physical and psychological co-morbidities at the population level, which has stimulated research on the biobehavioral mechanisms of those co-morbidities, with the goal of developing and improving treatment approaches. As this area of research grows, practical resources are needed for clinicians and researchers who encounter individuals with co-morbid physical and psychological illnesses in their work. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of psychological co-morbidities of physical illness, biological and behavioral mechanisms of those co-morbidities, and implications for treatment. Each chapter focuses on a physical condition, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, HIV infection, tobacco dependence, cardiovascular disease, cancer, asthma, pain, irritable bowel syndrome, autoimmune disorders, and obstetric/gynecological conditions. Chapters are structured to cover 1) the epidemiology of the most prevalent co-morbid psychological disorders within that physical condition (e.g., depression and other mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, impulse control disorders, and eating disorders; 2) biobehavioral mechanisms of the co-morbidity; 3) a review of the behavioral treatment literature including evidence-based practice guidelines (where available); and 4) treatment considerations including issues of stepped care, evidence-based treatment decisions, treatment sequencing, treatment blending, treatment interactions, and contraindications. Content is guided by available research evidence and relevant theoretical models, and it is presented in such a way as to inform clinical practice, identify important gaps in the research literature, and provide directions for future research. The book serves as a tool for clinicians and researchers who work in the area of behavioral medicine in medical, academic, and/or training settings. Patients with psychological and medical co-morbidities may be encountered by clinicians working in either mental health or medical settings, where the presenting problem could be either the psychological disorder or the medical disorder. As such, assessment and treatment issues are discussed from both perspectives. For the clinician, the book reviews brief assessment tools, provides practical summaries of the treatment outcome literature and treatment considerations (e.g., treatment sequencing, contraindications), and includes treatment decision hierarchies that help the clinician incorporate each facet of evidence-based de

Chronic Conditions, Fluid States explores the uneven impact of chronic illness and disability on individuals, families, and communities in diverse local and global settings. To date, much of the social as well as biomedical research has treated the experience of illness and the challenges of disease control and management as segmented and episodic. Breaking new ground in medical anthropology by challenging the chronic/acute divide in illness and disease, the editors, along with a group of rising scholars and some of the most influential minds in the field, address the concept of chronicity, an idea used to explain individual and local life-worlds, question public health discourse, and consider the relationship between health and the globalizing forces that shape it.

A cornerstone of the professional relationship and a vital prerequisite to treatment, the diagnostic interview sets the tone for the therapy to come. It can also be a source of anxiety for beginning practitioners—and even for established ones working in new settings or with unfamiliar populations. This Fourth Edition of Diagnostic Interviewing breaks down the interview process over a wide range of clients and problems, creating a straightforward practical guide for beginning clinicians and an invaluable source of information for more seasoned therapists. Completely revised and updated to reflect diagnostic standards according to the DSM-IV-TR and the latest innovations in theory and practice, the book offers a wealth of useful interviewing approaches and techniques, and emphasizes the individuality of each client. The format of the earlier editions has been retained, with descriptions of the disorders, case illustrations, recommendations for assessment, standardized interviewformats, discussion of sociocultural considerations, and other pertinent information. Readers will be able to approach the clinical art as well as the science of clinical and diagnostic interviewing with enhanced skills and confidence. Highlights of the coverage: Interviewing strategies, rapport building, and the role of empathy, the mental status examination, consideration of neuropsychological factors in interviewing, dealing with interviewee defenses and defensiveness, specific disorders, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, eating disorders, substance abuse, PTSD, and schizophrenia, special populations, including marital dyads, abused children, couples, and older adults. As with its predecessors, this book is a trusted resource for all psychologists, psychiatrists, and other practitioners using the interviewing process in diagnosing clients. Additionally, Diagnostic Interviewing, Fourth Edition, also serves as a bedrock text for the instructor and the student.

Behavioral medicine emerged in the 1970s as the interdisciplinary field concerned with the integration of behavioral, psychosocial, and biomedical science knowledge relevant to the understanding of health and illness, and the application of this knowledge to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Recent years have witnessed an enormous diversification of behavioral medicine, with new sciences (such as genetics, life course epidemiology) and new technologies (such as neuroimaging) coming into play. This book brings together such new developments by providing an up-to-date compendium of methods and applications drawn from the broad range of behavioral medicine research and practice. The book is divided into 10 sections that address key fields in behavioral medicine. Each section begins with one or two methodological or conceptual chapters, followed by contributions that address substantive topics within that field. Major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, HIV/AIDs, and obesity are explored from multiple perspectives. The aim is to present behavioral medicine as an integrative discipline, involving diverse methodologies and paradigms that converge on health and well being.

With a focus on how to improve the effectiveness and cultural competence of clinical services and research, this authoritative volume synthesizes current knowledge on both the physical and psychological health of African Americans today. In chapters that follow a consistent format for easy reference, leading scholars from a broad range of disciplines review risk and protective factors for specific health conditions and identify what works, what doesn't work, and what might work (i.e., practices requiring further research) in clinical practice with African Americans. Historical, sociocultural, and economic factors that affect the quality and utilization of health care services in African American communities are examined in depth. Evidence-based ways to draw on individual, family, and community strengths in prevention and treatment are highlighted throughout. Winner--American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Award

Expertly edited, the Second Edition of Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease offers 18 completely new chapters and 50% overall material updated. Given its unique focus and extensive coverage of clinical applications and disease prevention, this edition is organized for easy integration into advanced upper-division or graduate nutrition curriculums. Foundation chapters on nutrition research methodology and application clearly link the contributions of basic science to applied nutrition research and, in turn, to research-based patient care guidelines. Readers will learn to integrate basic principles and concepts across disciplines and areas of research and practice as well as how to apply this knowledge in new creative ways. Chapters on specific nutrients and health cover topics where data are just beginning to be identified, such as choline, antioxidants, nutrition and cognition, and eye disease. Established areas of chronic disease: obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, and bone health are presented each in their own sections, which aim to demonstrate the inter-action of basic science, genetics, applied nutrition research, and research-based patient care guidelines. No other nutrition book on the market takes this approach. Students will take away foundational insights into the application of nutrition research in the prevention and treatment of disease. Busy researchers and clinicians will use this book as a “referesher course” and should feel confident in making patient care recommendations based on solid current research findings.• 18 completely new chapters and 50% overall new material• Unique focus and extensive coverage of clinical applications and disease prevention.• Clearly links the contributions of basic science to applied nutrition research and, in turn, to research-based patient care guidelines. • Assimilates a large body of research and applications and serves as a “refresher course” for busy researchers and clinicians.

Most physical and mental health professionals will agree that their time, space, and funds are generally in short supply, even under optimal conditions. Their participants (clients or patients), too, will admit to similar deficits of time and patience, even with optimal motivation. Overburdened mental health facilities are trying to cope with limited budgets and overworked and underpaid personnel. Low-Cost Approaches to Promote Physical and Mental Health addresses both sides of this shortfall by offering either self-administered or easily administered verbal and non-verbal interventions designed to promote positive health behaviors while requiring little or no outside funding. Editor Luciano L'Abate continues his long tradition of prolific innovations by identifying major changes in today's health care systems and explaining how targeted, prescriptive promotion/prevention strategies can enhance traditional primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions in key behavioral and relational areas:- Nutrition: weight/obesity control, diets, meal planning, vitamins and minerals, herbal supplements- Exercise, expressive movement, relaxation, meditation, and mindfulness- Writing for mental health promotion, from structured protocols/workbooks to less structured focused, expressive, and guided writing, including diaries and autobiographies- Sex, sexuality, affection, intimacy and fear of intimacy- Mother/child bonding as well as couple and family togetherness- Spirituality and forgiveness in dealing with inevitable life hurts and disappointments- Friendships and support groups- Plus leading-edge interventions, including emotional intelligence, animal companionship, and computer technology Reviews of each promotional approach are engaging, effective, and consistent with standard psychological practice for lasting results, either away from or in addition to non-clinical and clinical settings (schools, hospitals, seniorcitizen centers, etc.). L'Abate and his fifty colleagues have designed a future-oriented sourcebook for mental and public health professionals who want to maximize their resources—and those of their participants.

Many are addicted. Few are treated. Yet many who are not treated recover. Promoting Self-Change from Addictive Behaviors examines natural recovery as a clinical phenomenon, a field of inquiry, and a vital component of therapy. It also brings clinicians and counselors to a new understanding of addiction and recovery. One of the few books on the topic, this updated edition offers alternatives to disease models of addiction by exploring personal pathways to recovery. Focusing on alcohol and drug problems, it provides a literature review of 40 years of studies on self-change with particular emphasis on the current decade and methodological issues (starting with how much or how little treatment constitutes “treatment”). The 24 experts keep the coverage consistently readable, and dozens of brief narratives from individuals who have successfully recovered from an addictive behavior without formal help lend valuable personal perspectives. More of the book's key features: Core factors in self-change, from cognitive processes to social issues; Case examples of natural recovery from smoking, binge eating, problem gambling, and criminal behavior; Redefining the role of treatment in changing addictive behaviors; Cross-cultural, community, and prevention perspectives on promoting self-change; “Self-change toolbox” chapter offering assessment tools, recovery strategies, web links, and other online resources. With Promoting Self-Change from Addictive Behaviors, health care professionals and researchers (from psychologists and social workers to nurses, sociologists, and physicians) can find more effective methods to fit client needs, and develop new insights into the recovery process. Public health workers and policymakers will also find informative strategies for tapping this rich therapeutic resource.

Obesity has been predicted to become the number one health problem worldwide in the next decade. Important progress has been made to discover the causes of obesity. In this volume, recent advances in the etiology of obesity, including its pathophysiology and the current nutritional treatment of obesity as well as medications used to treat obesity, are reviewed. Special attention is given to bariatric surgery. This surgical option for the treatment of obesity including reconstructive surgery associated with massive weight loss is discussed in detail. Several nutritional strategies and diets are also reviewed. The psychosocial aspects of obesity, cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy for people suffering from binge eating disorder that help sustain the benefits of bariatric surgery over long term are also discussed. This publication gives physicians and healthcare workers, including nurses, social workers and psychologists, valuable information for dealing with their patients and making them aware of the latest advances in obesity research.

The field of health psychology has grown dramatically in the last decade, with exciting new developments in the study of how psychological and psychosocial processes contribute to risk for and disease sequelae for a variety of medical problems. In addition, the quality and effectiveness of many of our treatments, and health promotion and disease prevention efforts, have been significantly enhanced by the contributions of health psychologists (Taylor, 1995). Unfortunately, however, much of the theo­ rizing in health psychology and the empirical research that derives from it continue to reflect the mainstream bias of psychology and medicine, both of which have a primary focus on white, heterosexual, middle-class American men. This bias pervades our thinking despite the demographic heterogeneity of American society (U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1992) and the substantial body of epidemiologic evidence that indicates significant group differences in health status, burden of morbidity and mortality, life expectancy, quality of life, and the risk and protective factors that con­ tribute to these differences in health outcomes (National Center for Health Statistics, 1994; Myers, Kagawa-Singer, Kumanyika, Lex, & M- kides, 1995). There is also substantial evidence that many of the health promotion and disease prevention efforts that have proven effective with more affluent, educated whites, on whom they were developed, may not yield comparable results when used with populations that differ by eth­ nicity, social class, gender, or sexual orientation (Cochran & Mays, 1991; Castro, Coe, Gutierres, & Saenz, this volume; Chesney & Nealey, this volume).