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Ion Transport Across Membranes focuses on the process of ion transport across cell membranes, including ion permeability, biological membranes, and thermodynamics. The selection first offers information on ion transport across biological membranes and electrical processes in nerve conduction. Topics include diffusion through biological membranes, active transport, voltage-current relations in the membrane, myelinated nerve fibers, and sequence of events in a nerve impulse. The text then ponders on generation of bioelectric potentials and optical observations on the interaction between acetyl cholinesterase and its substrate. The publication takes a look at ion permeability of the red cell and renal mechanisms of electrolyte transport. The text also tackles membrane permeability and electrical potential; transport of ions through biological membranes from the standpoint of irreversible thermodynamics; and electrochemical studies with model membranes. Topics include membranes of high electrochemical activity in physicochemical and model studies of biological interest and membrane resting potential. The selection is a vital reference for readers interested in ion transport across membranes.

Comparative Neurochemistry, a collection of papers presented at the Fifth International Symposium of Comparative Neurochemistry, held at St. Wolfgang, Austria in 1962, deals with variations in neurochemical mechanisms in different animal species. The book integrates the data derived from comparative studies in different disciplines and assesses their significance in relation to the understanding of nervous mechanisms in animals, including human. The papers are grouped into sections, which cover general topics on functional organization in different species; lipids, proteins, and ribonucleic acid; amino acids in different species; energy metabolism and function; neurosecretory mechanisms; and comparative neuropharmacology. The text will be of interest to biologists, zoologists, pharmacologists, chemists, neurologists, and researchers in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.

Pharmacology of Reproduction is the second volume of the proceedings of the Third International Pharmacological Meeting held in Sao Paulo in 1966. The volume presents papers about the pharmacological implications of the hypothalamic control of gonadotrophin and prolactin secretion and the factors affecting hypothalamic function, with focus on the pharmacology of puberty. The luteinizing hormone (LH)-like activity in the pituitary-hypothalamic complex of children and the chemistry and physiology of follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor and LH-release factor are studied as well in other papers presented. The volume then tackles papers about the factors affecting the testicular function in human; immunological factors affecting spermatogenesis; and the factors stimulating the ovarian function in human. The pharmacological inhibition of the ovarian function is also considered in the volume. Practicing endocrinologists and physiologists and students taking endocrinology courses will find the book invaluable.

Basic Mechanisms in Hearing is a collection of papers that discusses the function of the auditory system covering its ultrastructure, physiology, and the mechanism's connection with experimental psychology. Papers review the mechanics, morphology, and physiology of the cochlear, including the physiology of individual hair cells and their synapses. One paper examines the combined physiological and anatomical studies of stimulus coding in the mammalian auditory nervous system. The results of these studies pertain to the latency, frequency selectivity, and time pattern of responses to short tone bursts. Other research compare the cochlear nerve, behavioral, and psychophysical frequency selectivity which show that frequency selectivity of the auditory system occurs at the level of the cochlear nerve, becoming downgraded in end-organ deafness. Other papers discuss neural coding at higher levels such as the feature extraction in the auditory system of bats. Some papers also analyze the specialized hearing mechanisms in animals, for example, the echolocation of bats and in some insects, the function of the swimbladder in fish hearing, as well as the'invertebrate frequency analyzer'in the locust ear. Physiologists, neurophysiologists, neurobiologists, general medical practioners, and EENT specialists will find this collection valuable.

The Eye: Volume 1, Vegetative Physiology and Biochemistry is a compendium of papers that describes the physiology of the eye, particularly its gross anatomy and embryology including its intra-ocular fluids, the intra-ocular pressure, the vitreous body, lens, cornea, and sciera. Several papers review the eyeball, the protective apparatus of the eye, the structure of the tissue in relation to the intra-ocular fluids, and the flow of aqueous humor. Several methods can be used to measure the intra-ocular pressure such as the manometric method and the tonometer. Giles (1959) reports that tonometer measurements in the newborn are within the normal adult range. One paper notes that in man, liquefaction of the vitreous body (the clear jelly-like structure which fills the space between retina and lens,) which is caused by dissolution of the fibrous network, is never repaired. This suggests that new fibers are either not formed or are formed in insufficient amounts. Another paper examines the relationship between pressure in the eye vessels and eye tension. Investigators and researches in the fields of physiology, psychology, ophthalmology, and in all branches of ocular physiology will find the compendium very rewarding.

International Review of Connective Tissue Research, Volume 3 is a collection of papers that deals with the histochemisty of connective tissues. One paper reviews the histochemistry of connective tissues, including fibrous components such as collagen, reticulum, cellulose fibers, elastic fibers. Connective tissues known as osteoblasts and odontoblasts produce bone/cartilage and teeth. One author examines the biochemistry and pathology of the connective tissue of the periodontium that is related to periodontal disease. He also examines the role of oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontitis; he concludes that bacterial enzymes can increase permeability for other bacterial types to directly elicit inflammation. One author analyzes the physical chemistry of gelatin and gelatin transition. He concludes that the rate of fold formation and the stability of the fold-units on single-chain gelatins and on multichain gelatins depend on the relative effectiveness of ions. Single-chain gelatins have the highest rate of network junction point formation; multichain gelatins, with enhanced cyclic junction point formation, have less network-forming properties. Cellular biologists, pathologists, physiologists, gerontologists, and researchers in gene therapy, pharmacology, micro- or molecular chemistry will find this book highly informative.

International Review of Connective Tissue Research, Volume 2 is a collection of papers that deals with the morphological background, physiological, and pathological aspects of studies done on connective tissues. One paper discusses the precipitation of collagen fibers from solution — that fibrils form in vitro and in vivo by similar mechanisms. Another paper examines the importance of elastic tissues in the reactions of connective tissue including diseases of the vascular and pulmonary systems. As simple as elastic tissues appear to be, these can be models in studies of the basic structure and function of other more complicated tissues. One author discusses the physiology of the connective tissues of the reproductive tract; he concludes that defects in the connective tissue functions can cause failure in ovulation or the formation of cystic ovaries. Other authors discuss the diseases of collagen and related tissues (rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis), as well as the aging process. One author analyzes the role of collagen fibers in aging: whether factors exist that causes cross-linking or ester cross-links or the dissolution of the collagen macromolecule associated with the aging of collagen. This book can prove helpful for molecular or cellular biologists, pathologists, physiologists, gerontologists, and researchers in gene therapy, pharmacology or micro-chemistry.

Urodynamics: Hydrodynamics of the Ureter and Renal Pelvis summarizes the present status of urodynamics in progression. The book presents papers on ureteral morphology as a basis for peristaltic activity; the concept of ureteral peristaltic function; and bioengineering aspects of ureteral function. The text also includes papers on factors controlling ureteral peristalsis; the clinical applications in urodynamics; and the theory and techniques of hydrodynamic measurements. Urologists, physiologists, and medical students taking related courses will find the book invaluable.

Protides of the Biological Fluids is a compendium of papers presented at the XIX Colloquium held at Bruges in 1971. It focuses on three main topics: lipoproteins, proteins, and protein catabolism. The main section of this book contains 60 papers discussing the composition, structure, synthesis, genetics, and function of lipoproteins. Another section is devoted to dielectric relaxation, fluorescence depolarization and determination of protein structure. The final section discusses protein catabolism and the applications of immunoelectrophoresis to protein quantitation. Students and scientists looking for an extensive reference on protein chemistry will find this book invaluable.

Underwater Physiology is a collection of papers that deals with the physiologically limiting effects of undersea, high pressure exposure ranging from fundamental biological reactions, through integration of physiological stresses, and to limits actually experienced in deep diving. Papers discuss oxygen, the mechanisms of toxicity, and the effects of oxygen on cells and systems such as its pathological and physiological influences in the neurosensory ocular tissue. Other papers discuss the physical effects of pressure and gases on cellular function, protein structure, and the possibility of alleviating symptoms through the administration of drugs. Tests in mice show that various gases exhibit qualitative and semi-quantitative differences in the characteristics of sickness, reactions to hypoxia, and the time before the onset of symptoms. A computer, programmed for nonlinear gas transfer and other variables, running in real time can compute directly from the breathing mixture and provide a real time solution to decompression sickness under various conditions. A combined therapeutic approach, recompression and dextran (an effective lipemic clearing agent) should be capable of treating decompression sickness in humans. Other papers investigate the influence of inert gases and pressure on the central nervous system, as well as, situations in undersea and manned chamber operations. This collection can prove valuable for physiologists, biochemists, cellular biologists, and researchers involved in deep sea diving.

Human Growth Hormone is a compendium of papers that discusses all aspects of human growth hormone (HGH) relevant in the treatment of dwarfs who are HGH deficient. This book discusses the approach of growth hormone treatment including the preparation of the hormone, its effect and interactions with other hormones, the methods used to detect growth hormone in human plasma, as well as its clinical applications. One author discusses the preparation of human growth hormone, its storage, method of bioassay, and procedures for ampouling HGH for clinical use. A couple of authors review the metabolic actions of HGH, namely, on the anabolic and skeletal systems, on carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and miscellaneous effects (renotropic, aldosterone, haematopoietic). One paper evaluates the treatment of dwarfism with HGH, and reports that in cases of HGH deficiency, the use of such treatment can be effective as long as the growth potential of the patient remains, and antibodies do not interfere with the treatment. The compendium can prove helpful for endocrinologists, genetic scientists, cellular microbiologists, and scientists involved in pharmacology and developmental anatomy.

Polar Human Biology documents the proceedings of the SCAR/IUPS/IUBS Symposium on Human Biology and Medicine in the Antarctic held at the Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, England on September 19-21, 1972. This book compiles review papers of expeditions conducted by several scientists, demonstrating the multidisciplinary aspects of the work carried out in both polar regions. The first portion of the compilation describes the problems encountered by Antarctic expeditions in the 1930s and today, which illustrates the tremendous changes in the way in which Antarctic expeditions operated then and now. Following the review papers, medical and dental aspects are also described, including a brief discussion on microbiology. The final section of this book deals with psychological and behavioral aspects, indicating that the interpretation of physiological studies of the effects of cold on man would be greatly helped by knowledge of the psychological effects of the polar situation. This text is a good reference for students or individuals conducting research on human and marine biology in the Antarctic regions.

Electrical Phenomena in the Heart is a collection of articles that deals with cell physiology and biophysics as applicable to the heart. The book discusses the ultrastructure of heart cells, molecular arrangement of heart cell membranes, and the mechanism involved in sealing and excitation-contraction coupling. The selection describes electrophysiological studies made of embryonic heart cells to understand electrical activity, automaticity, enzyme activities, and the development of intracellular tubular systems. The text also discusses the mechanism of excitation spread between active and inactive cells. The book analyzes the structure of biological membranes and the effect of proteins on membrane potential and on the excitability process. One paper reviews the excitation process of heart cells that includes the use of a voltage clamp in cardiac preparations, as well as the role of the pacemaker. One paper examines the repolarization process involved in cardiac muscle involving the ionic composition and the kinetic properties of membrane currents, as well as the action of some drugs. The book also describes the healing process in cardiac and other muscle fibers when the heart muscle is injured. The text explains that damage to other cardiac muscle can result because of a sealing process that occurs at or near the injured site. The book also explains the model for controlling sarcoplasmic calcium concentration on a single sarcomere level in a mammalian heart. The text can prove significant to students learning heart physiology and biophysics, heart surgeons, and bio-physiologists involved in cellular research.

Recent Progress in Hormone Research, Volume 26 covers the proceedings of the 27th annual meeting of the Laurentian Hormone Conference held at Mont Tremblant, Quebec, Canada on August 24-29, 1969. The book presents papers on the pituitary and gonadal hormones in women during spontaneous and induced ovulatory cycles; the mechanisms regulating the menstrual cycle in women; some physical and hydrodynamic properties of human FSH and LH; and the biological significance of the prostaglandins. The text also includes papers on thyroid peroxidase and thyroxine biosynthesis; the significance of circulating triiodothyronine; the multiple hormone interactions in the development of mammary gland in vitro; and the intranuclear metabolism of testosterone in the accessory organs of reproduction. Papers on the aspects of androgen-dependent events as studied by antiandrogens; the hormonal control of hepatic gluconeogenesis; and the control of fat cell development and lipid content are also encompassed. The book further encompasses papers on the properties of thymosin; the study of spermatogenesis and steroid metabolism in cultures of mammalian testes; and the role of ACTH on the metabolism of adrenal cell cultures.

Advances in Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 5, presents three papers that cover the different physiological and chemical aspects of biology, from functional morphology at one end to behavior at the other end of the spectrum. As always this serial publication emphasizes comparison, be it within a group of related organisms or related substances or mechanisms throughout the animal kingdom. The first study on the feeding and digestion in the Bivalvia examines both the feeding mechanisms and digestive processes within this class of mollusks, solidly based on functional morphology and biochemistry. The second study on isoenzymes, multiple enzymes, and phylogeny traces the evolutionary relationships between and within groups of important enzyme systems, taking evidence from representatives of the whole animal kingdom. The final paper on the comparative physiology of reproduction in arthropods examines the reproductive mechanisms in a whole phylum. It considers patterns of sexuality, germ cell formation, physiology, mating behavior and the nervous and hormonal factors governing reproduction.

The Eye: Volume 2, The Visual Process is a compendium of papers that describes the physiology of the eye, particularly the visual functions, the photobiology of the visual process, and the visual pathway. One paper describes the light stimuli used in physiological experiments concerning vision in terms of their spectral energy distribution, particularly the amounts of light absorbed by the photosensitive substances contained in the retinal receptors. Another paper explains the mosaic-like arrangement of the receptors and the variations of this mosaic in the different regions of the retina, including the Purkinje phenomenon which can cause errors in visual measurements. One paper examines the directional properties of the rods at long wavelengths and the theory of the Stiles-Crawford effect. Other papers investigate the limits of the visible spectrum, the scotopic luminous efficiency, theories of dark-adaptation, as well as the minimum retinal illumination, the minimum flux of energy, and the minimum amount necessary for vision. One paper notes that whereas one rod can be stimulated by one quantum (a discrete process involving one pigment molecule), it is not sufficient to make a human subject see a light stimulus. The compendium is invaluable for researchers and investigators involved in physiology, psychology, ophthalmology, and in all branches of ocular physiology.

The Biology of Hair Growth is based on a conference on The Biology of Hair Growth, sponsored by the British Society for Research on Ageing, held at the Royal College of Surgeons, in London, 7-9 August 1957. The papers presented at this conference, and a few others, have been gathered in this book to serve as a source reference for all those interested in research on hair and hair growth. The application of modern methods in histology, cytology, histochemistry, physiology, electron microscopy, the use of radioactive isotopes, and modern biochemical techniques have given greater insight into the phenomena of growth and differentiation of hair follicles than ever before. The book opens with a chapter on the embryology of hair. Separate chapters follow on the anatomy and histochemistry of the hair follicle; the electron microscopy of keratinized tissues; the chemistry of keratinization; the mitotic activity of the follicle; and the the vascularity and patterns of growth of hair follicles. Subsequent chapters deal with behavior of pigment cells and epithelial cells in the hair follicle; the nature of hair pigment; the effects of nutrition on hair growth; and effects of chemical agents, ionizing radiation, and particular illnesses on hair roots.

The Epidermis documents the proceedings of a symposium that explored in detail the fundamental aspects of the epidermis and the still poorly understood process of keratinization. The Division of Dermatology, University Extension and the School of Medicine of the University of California at Los Angeles agreed to sponsor the conference and offered the University's Residential Conference Center at Lake Arrowhead for the meeting place. This volume is a source book of basic dermatologic thought and information. More than a book of dermatology, this volume makes a singular contribution to our knowledge of keratinization. The volume contains 37 papers and opens with an introductory chapter on keratinization, focusing on the history of the keratohyalin granules, the role of lipids in the orderly keratinization of the epidermis, and the desquamation process. Subsequent chapters present studies on topics such as the behavior of the skin; the effects of various experimental conditions on keratinization in organ culture; and the localization and the regional variability in the concentration epidermal enzymes.

Protides of the Biological Fluids contains the proceedings of the XVIIIth Colloquium held in Bruges, Belgium in 1970. The papers focus on protides of the biological fluids, with emphasis on three main topics related to protein chemistry: proteins during development and the recurrence of fetal proteins in cancer; protein-protein interactions; and trends and technical refinements in the insolubilization of proteins. This book is comprised of 95 chapters and begins with an assessment of the relationships and functions of the apoprotein and lipid moieties of lipoproteins, followed by a discussion on the characteristics and structure of the alpha-fetoproteins. The protein patterns in the post-natal period, as well as specific patterns encountered during development of the various organs, are then considered. Subsequent chapters explore the recurrence of various fetoproteins in hepatoma and in tumors of the digestive system; protein-protein interactions occurring during association or aggregation of some proteins such as myosin, fibrin, and casein; and preparation of insolubilized enzymes, together with the isolation and purification of antibodies. The final section is devoted to immunological studies and methods such as thin-layer ultracentrifugation. This monograph will be a useful resource for biologists and chemists alike.

The Vestibular System is a collection of papers presented at the 1973 Symposium on the Vestibular System, organized and held at the University of Chicago. This symposium provides a body of reviews and observations on the anatomical, physiological, and clinical aspects of the vestibular system. This book is composed of seven parts encompassing 28 chapters. The first part focuses on the ultrastructure of the peripheral organs and the vestibular pathways to the cerebellum, the spinal cord, and the nuclei of the extraocular muscles. The subsequent part presents the basic information on knowledge of peripheral mechanisms and the functional relations between the vestibular system, cerebellum, oculomotor system, spinal cord and cortex. These topics are followed by descriptions of vestibular disorders induced by a variety of influences or procedures, such as nuclear lesions, motion sickness, and drugs. The next section describes the methods of testing vestibular function, such as electronystagmography. This section serves as an introduction to a panel discussion on eye movements. Lastly, reviews and points of view on peripheral and central vestibular disorders are covered in the remaining sections. This work is of great benefit to anatomists, physiologists, and clinicians.

Glutathione: A Symposium covers the proceedings of the symposium held in Ridgefield, Connecticut in November 1953. The book focuses on the chemistry, characteristics, reactions, and properties of glutathione (GSH). The selection first offers information on mercaptans and disulfides, reactivity of the sulfhydryl group in GSH and related peptides, and chemistry and properties of GSH. Discussions focus on isolation and occurrence of GSH, properties of GSH, general chemistry of acidity, oxidation, and disulfides, and application to the structure of GSH. The text then examines thiol-thiolester complex formation, methods of GSH assay, and paper chromatography of GSH and its hydrolysis products. The publication takes a look at histochemical experiments on sulfhydryls and disulfides, enzymatic oxidation and reduction of GSH, and biosynthesis of GSH. Topics include synthesis of GSH from the constituent amino acids, enzymatic oxidation of GSH, and methods for demonstrating protein-bound sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in tissues. The selection is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the chemistry, reactions, and properties of glutathione.

The Endocrine Function of the Human Testis, Volume 1, contains papers that comprise the series of lectures given in a short course on the'Endocrine Function of the Human Testis'which was organized by the Post-Graduate School of Endocrinology in the University of Florence. The course was held in two parts, the first on April 25-27 and the second on October 24-26, 1972. The topics which were covered were: methods for the assay of androgens; binding of androgens in plasma; metabolism of testosterone; the chemistry, biology, and radioimmunoassay of hypophiseal gonadotrophins; the mechanism of control of the secretion of pituitary gonadotrophins; and the biosynthesis of androgens in the human testis.

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Plasma Protein Metabolism is a collection of papers that discuss the advancement along with problems in the study of physiology and pathophysiology of plasma protein metabolism. The title first covers the concerns in the separation, purification, and labeling of proteins. Next, the selection covers topics in kinetics, such as whole-body counting in metabolic studies of 131-labelled proteins. Part 3 tackles the regulation and synthesis of protein, while Part 4 discusses the protein-losing syndrome. The book will be of great use to students, researchers, and practitioners of clinical laboratory sciences.

The Control of Eye Movements presents the proceedings of the Symposium on the Control of Eye Movements organized by the Smith-Kettlewell Institute of Visual Sciences of the Pacific Medical Center and the Department of Visual Sciences of the University of the Pacific Graduate School of Medical Sciences, San Francisco, California, November 10-11, 1969. The book is organized into two parts. Part I is devoted to presentations of anatomical, physiological, pharmacological, psychological, and clinical aspects of eye movements. The material presented should provide a valuable reference source as well as increase awareness of the need for further investigation of many aspects of the basic physiology of eye movements. Part II presents a series of papers dealing with models of various parts of the oculomotor system. The modeling approach to control of eye movements is still in its infancy and the present work presents the first comprehensive survey of biophysical, mathematical, and engineering aspects of eye movement control.

Advances in the Biosciences 1: Schering Symposium on Endocrinology, Berlin, May 26 to 27, 1967 is a collection of papers presented at the Schering Symposium on Endocrinology held in Berlin, Germany, on May 26-27, 1967. Contributors explore a wide range of topics relating to endocrinology, including the radioimmunoassay of gonadotropins; steroid transformations in human and rat testes; hormonal control of sexual behavior in adult rats; and regulation of synthesis and release of anterior pituitary hormones both in vitro and in vivo. This book is comprised of 25 chapters and begins by analyzing a hormone, prepared from liquor folliculi and whole ovaries, that causes typical estrus in spayed rats, followed by a discussion on the preparation of a crystalline ovarian hormone from the urine of pregnant women. Subsequent chapters focus on hypothalamic control and pathways of release of neurohypophysial hormones; effect of amino acids and proteins on insulin secretion in human subjects; hormonal regulation of sexual behavior in adult rats; and some aspects of steroid transformations in the testes of human subjects and of rats with experimental cryptorchidism or feminization. Results of ultrastructural and subcellular studies of storage and release of neurohypophysial hormones are also presented. This monograph will be a useful resource for endocrinologists.

Problems of the Biochemistry of the Nervous System is a collection of papers presented at the Second Conference on the'Biochemistry of the Nervous System, organized by the Institute of Biochemistry of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences on February 12-16, 1957. The contributors consider particularly Soviet's considerable research works in the field of functional biochemistry and the dynamic aspects of the biochemistry of the central nervous system. This text is organized into 11 parts encompassing 33 chapters, and begins with reviews on proteins and their metabolism in the brain and peripheral nerves; the effect of functional states such as excitation and inhibition upon them; and the changes occurring in their metabolism during growth. The succeeding parts contain articles about phosphorus-containing substances and methods of their investigation. These topics are followed by discussion of the chemical nature of a brain glycogen and its different fractions; carbohydrate metabolism during excitation and inhibition; and the adrenaline metabolism. Other parts tackle the ammonia metabolism, the developmental biochemistry of the brain, and the histochemical approach to study nucleoproteins of the neurons. The remaining parts deal with hypothermia and the cerebral metabolism in some pathological conditions. This book will prove useful to biochemists, biologists, and neurologists.

The Endocrine Function of the Human Testis, Volume II, contains the papers that were given in the third and final part of the course of lectures on'The Endocrine Function of the Human Testis,'held in Florence, 17-19 April 1973. The first two parts of the course, dealing with assay and metabolism of androgens, and with the regulation of testicular function, were published in Volume I. The present volume contains 16 contributions and begins with an analysis of steroid secretion by the testis in man. This is followed by studies on the temporal variation of testosterone and plasma gonadotrophins in man; interactions between steroids and gonadotropins; gonadotrophins and plasma testosterone in senescence; androgen secretion in male hypogonadism; and testosterone metabolism and action in testicular feminization syndrome. Subsequent chapters deal with male sexual precocity;'fertile eunuchism'(Leydig cells reduced in number and size with preserved spermatogenesis); male idiopathic hypogonadism associated with idiopathic hypothyroidism, and with idiopathic renal tubular acidosis; and the medical management and treatment of male hermaphrodites.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für'ARCHIV F. PATHOLOGISCHE ANAT. BD. 17 VIRCHOWA E-BOOK'verfügbar.

In this review of the electrophysiology of extraocular muscle, Dr. Breinin gives particular attention to the scientific literature on ocular electromyography. This literature is quite recent but the bibliography is growing at a rapid rate. Fundamental advances in the knowledge of extraocular muscle function in health and disease have accrued in the investigations being conducted in many laboratories and the author provides a comprehensive summary of information on the theoretical and practical applications of electromyography to the extraocular muscles and the contributions of the technique to the general problem of strabismus. Controversial observations are discussed at length, experimental studies are reported, and new bio-electronic computing techniques are described. Recent studies from the author's laboratory on the physiologic and pharmacologic properties of extraocular muscle are also described.The study is issued under the sponsorship of the American Ophthalmological Society.

'This important book, by the most distinguished Soviet psychologist of our time, is the product of almost forty years of extensive research aimed at understanding the cerebral basis of human psychologi'

International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Biology, Modern Trends in Physiological Sciences, Volume 33: Assay of Protein and Polypeptide Hormones focuses on the assays of protein and polypeptide hormones. The selection first discusses the general principles of protein and polypeptide hormone assays, including conditions and basic factors for bioassays and status of biological assays. The book looks at the assays of hypophyseal hormones, such as growth hormones, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), thyrotropin, gonadotropins, prolactin, vasopressin, and oxytocin. Concerns include radioimmunoassay, standards of thyrotropin, immunoassay of hypophyseal gonadotropins, and bioassay of prolactin. The book evaluates the assays of pancreatic hormones, such as insulin and glucagon. Chemical structure and properties of insulin and radioimmunoassay of glucagon are explained. The text also focuses on the assays of erythropoietin, renin, human chorionic gonadotropin, and human placental lactogen (HPL). Concerns include augmentation of red cell volume; biological application of renin assays; and similarities and differences between hypophyseal somatotropin and HPL. The selection is a valuable source of data for readers interested in the assays of protein and polypeptide hormones.

Human Anti-Human Gammaglobulins: Their Specificity and Functions is a written record of the seventeenth volume of the Wenner-Gren International Symposium Series, which aims to define natural mechanisms giving rise to human anti-immunoglobulins, the interactions between anti-Igs and Ig determinants and its effects. The book is divided according to the six sessions that were held during the symposium. Topics include basic experimental data; determinants of IgG revealed by human antiglobulins; anti-gammaglobulin factors in tissues; anti-gammaglobulins interacting with immunoglobulins in solution; anti-gammaglobulin—cellular interactions; and a special lecture. The text is recommended for medical doctors, especially immunologists, who want to know more about the human anti-human gammaglobulin, its origin, functions, and the discoveries about it.

Biologically Active Amines Found in Man: Their Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Pathophysiological Importance deals with the biochemistry, pharmacology, and pathophysiology of biologically active amines present in the human body. Emphasis is placed on amines derived by decarboxylation of α-amino acids in human beings and some of their especially interesting metabolites. This book consists of four chapters and opens with an overview of biogenic amines and their origin, followed by a discussion on their biochemistry, pharmacology, and pathophysiology. The metabolism and inactivation of biologically active amines such as tyramine, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, tryptamine, serotonin, and histamine are examined, along with their incorporation into the body protein and their rate of turnover. The influence of biologically active amines on the function of the kidneys, microcirculation, and respiratory metabolism is also considered. Finally, illnesses in which indigenous amines have known or possible/probable pathophysiological significance are described. This monograph will be of interest to biologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and pathophysiologists.

Wenner-Gren Center International Symposium Series, Volume 15: Vestibular Function on Earth and in Space provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of vestibular research. This book discusses the problems concerned with space, with emphasis on the importance of the vestibular apparatus in space flight. Organized into 32 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the mechanisms and processes for creating the chemical composition of endolymph. This text then examines the speculative comparisons between prolonged exposure in a manne weightless space station and in a rotating space station. Other chapters consider the relationships between vestibular nystagmus and degradation of visual acuity when the vestibular stimuli interfere with voluntary efforts to see specific visual detail. This book discusses as well the concepts concerning the distribution of function between semicircular canals and otolith organs. The final chapter deals with the method for selective marking of neurons after axonal transection. This book is a valuable resource for otologists and scientists.

An Introduction to Human Blood Groups provides an introduction to human blood groups. The book begins with a chapter on elementary serological matters. This is followed by separate chapters on the Rhesus factor, hemolytic disease of the newborn, Rhesus antibodies, the Rh complex, blood-group nomenclature and notation, and the MNS system. Subsequent chapters deal with the ABO system, the P and Lewis blood-group systems, the relationship of blood groups to disease, and human blood-group genetics. The final chapter considers whether blood groups can contribute to the study of mankind.

Methods in Hormone Research, Volume III: Steroidal Activity in Experimental Animals and Man, Part A focuses on protection against irradiation damage, anti-mammary tumor activity, body lipids, anti-aldosterone, central depressant action, and copulatory reflex activity. The selection first offers information on estrogens and anti-estrogens, including relative potencies in vaginal smear tests, vaginal tests, and uterine weight tests, mechanism of estrogen action, and mode action of anti-estrogens. The book then examines irradiation protection and anti-mammary tumor activities in rats and mice. The publication surveys steroids and lipid metabolism and the activities of adrenocorticosteroids in experimental animals and man. Discussions focus on adrenocortical, estrogenic, and androgenic and anabolic steroids; relative activities of corticosteroids assessed by laboratory and clinical methodology; and comparative efficacies of corticosteroids. The manuscript then ponders on anti-aldosterones, steroid central depressants, and copulatory reflex response to steroids. The selection is a vital source of data for readers interested in steroidal activity in man and animals.

The Liver: Porta Malorum (The Gateway to Disease) presents the fundamental aspects and significance of liver as a detoxicating organ. This book explains the diversity of the signs produced by liver damage. Organized into 17 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the process of assimilation through the activities of the liver cells. This text then discusses the emptying mechanisms of the gall-bladder. Other chapters consider the various diseases, including jaundice, pancreatitis, Bright's disease, bronchial asthma, toxic goiter, hemorrhoids, spontaneous thrombosis in the rectal veins, and varicose veins of the leg. This book discusses as well the generally accepted theory concerning the etiology of appendicitis, with emphasis on bacterial inflammation. The final chapter deals with rectal varicose disorders. This book is a valuable resource for hepatologists, pathologists, morphologists, and physicians. Medical students and research workers interested in the fundamental aspects of the liver will also find this book extremely useful.

Advances in Biology of Skin, Volume 3: The Sebaceous Glands covers the proceedings of the 1962 Brown University Symposium on the Biology of Skin. The symposium considers the developmental sequences of sebaceous glands in man, their structural and functional attributes, and the analysis of skin surface lipids and their synthesis. This book is organized into 14 chapters, and starts with an introduction to the sebaceous glands. The subsequent chapter deals with the sebaceous glands in oral and lip mucosa. These topics are followed by discussions on ectopic sebaceous glands and the structure of sebaceous glands of man. Other chapters describe the effect of age and sex on the metabolism of rat, as well as the problems in the analysis of sebum. The last chapters consider the hormonal control of sebaceous glands in both animals and humans. This book will be of value to biologists and research workers.

A Synopsis of Physiology provides a summary of what is known about human physiology. This book is composed of 24 chapters that describe the histology and normal function of various human body parts. After a brief survey of the chemistry of some macromolecules, this book goes on describing the function of blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, heart, circulator, digestive and respiratory systems, and alimentary canal. Other chapters consider other body part, including internal organs, the endocrine gland, bone, skin, muscle, nerve, spinal cord, and brain. The remaining chapters discuss the normal function of the autonomic nervous system, sense organs, and reproductive organs. This book is of value to physiologists, medical practitioners, and medical students.

Oral Physiology contains the proceedings of the Wenner-Gren Center International Symposium held in Stockholm, Sweden in August 1971. Contributors explore common problems and trends in oral physiology, from the regulation of salivary glands and the role of electrolytes in the formation of saliva to neural mechanisms underlying salivary excretion, the effect of citric acid on parotid flow, and secretion of salivary glycoproteins. Circulation of the tongue, monitoring of oral circulation, physiology of mastication, and development of fetal gustatory receptors are also covered. This volume consists of 27 chapters and begins with a discussion of mechanisms underlying control of different types of effector cells that comprise the salivary gland. The reader is methodically introduced to the nerves to the parotid gland, electrolyte and water transport in salivary glands, neural mechanisms controlling the excretion of saliva, and how the function of salivary fibers is affected by different conditions situated along the course of the seventh and ninth cranial nerves. The next chapters focus on the effect of citric acid on the variance of the parotid flow rate, ductal transport processes and glandular effects of neurotransmitters and pharmacological agents, and neuro-effector sites in salivary glands. The book concludes by presenting experimental evidence indicating that nerve impulses can be recorded from dentine. This book will be useful for researchers and teachers not only of oral physiology, but also of odontology and medicine in general.

The Metabolic Basis of Surgical Care focuses on the concise account of the composition and metabolism of the body in health and disease. The book first tackles body composition in health and disease and water and electrolyte metabolism. Topics include cations, potassium, anions, concept of body spaces, blood volume, body ionic masses, and principles of measurement. The manuscript then ponders on energy metabolism and nutrition, including dietary requirements, changes in disease, vitamins, carbohydrates, sodium, and enzymes. The text elaborates on the endocrine aspects of the metabolic response to injury and circulatory homeostasis. Discussions focus on hydrocortisone, digitalis, antibiotics, blood substitutes, adrenal cortex, kidney, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal medulla. Hydrogen ion regulation, problems in surgical care, respiratory and renal systems, and gastrointestinal metabolic problems are also discussed. The publication is a valuable source of data for doctors, clinicians, and readers wanting to explore the metabolic grounds of surgical care.

Olfaction and Taste V contains the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste, held at the Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology & Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia, in October 1974. Contributors discuss the knowledge about olfaction and taste, including the anatomy of receptors and their ultrastructure, innervation of receptor fields, and the processes of receptor''turnover''. Themes ranging from taste modifiers and receptor proteins to afferent coding; how the sensory code for taste and olfaction are processed and sharpened; and conditioned taste aversions and other taste learning effects in food and fluid intake are discussed. This book is organized into 14 sections encompassing 73 chapters and begins with an introduction to the phylogenetic origins of sweet taste. The discussion then shifts to behavior and the evolutionary emergence of the chemoreceptor systems. This book provides an overview of the basic modalities of taste throughout the vertebrate phylum, along with the powerful selection pressures that operate to contrive phylogenetic emergence of these modalities with attendant survival advantage. It also looks at each modality within the sensory organization of the species set against environmental circumstances during evolution that might be postulated as favoring its emergence and refinement, for example, the emergence of bitter in relation to poisoning. The ontogenesis of taste and some special instances such as chemoreception in aquatic animals are also examined. This book is aimed at students and scientists interested in the fascinating and important problems of chemoreception.

The Circulating Platelet focuses on the biochemistry and physiology of platelets. Composed of contributions of authors, the compilation starts with the discussions on the origin, discovery, production, and life span of blood platelets. The discussions continue with the morphology of platelets. Concerns include peripheral, sol-gel, and organelle zones and the membrane systems. The book also looks at the energy metabolism of thrombocytes and highlights the presence of glycoproteins in blood platelets. These include polysaccharides, glucosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins. The text also discusses the properties, functions, and the physiological value of thrombosthenin. The compilation further discusses platelet aggregation and functions of platelets. Concerns include collection and processing of platelets; preparation of homogenates; and the agents that influence platelet aggregation. The role of platelets in blood clots and fibrinolysis is emphasized. The selection ends with discussions on the immunological reactions of platelets; the clinical diseases related to blood platelets; and blood transfusion and preservation. The text is vital for researchers interested in studying blood platelets.