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This volume is designed to feature the pharmacology of new psychoactive substances, legislative aspects, information exchange including epidemiology, and clinical, forensic, and analytical toxicology in order to facilitate the understanding of this complex and rapidly developing phenomenon.

Inhalation aerosols continue to be the basis for successful lung therapy for several diseases, with therapeutic strategies and the range of technology significantly evolving in recent years.In response, this third edition takes a new approach to reflect the close integration of technology with its application. After briefly presenting the general considerations that apply to aerosol inhalation, the central section of the book uses the focus on disease and therapeutic agents to illustrate the application of specific technologies.The final integrated strategies section draws the major points from the applications for disease targets and drug products.

Currently, malaria kills more than 300,000 people per year, making it a top priority of world leaders and international organizations, who are working towards implementing and coordinating efforts to eradicate this disease. An effective malaria vaccine is recognized as the key element that will decide between success and failure in this fight. At present, despite intensive research efforts, such a vaccine is not yet available for use. However, there are a number of advanced candidate vaccines with high chances of success in the short term. Malaria: Immune Response to Infection and Vaccination provides a comprehensive view on the immune response to malaria and to the different vaccines under development. The book offers the following: - Contributions by top research leaders in the field, - Comparisons of the immune responses to both malaria infection and malaria vaccines, which are traditionally treated separately, - Coverage of the immune responses to the different stages of malaria, which are frequently treated as separate fields of research.

Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions, Sixteenth Edition, Seven Volume Set builds on the success of the 15 previous editions, providing an extensively reorganized and expanded resource that now comprises more than 1,500 individual drug articles with the most complete coverage of adverse reactions and interactions found anywhere. Each article contains detailed and authoritative information about the adverse effects of each drug, with comprehensive references to the primary literature, making this a must–have reference work for any academic or medical library, pharmacologist, regulatory organization, hospital dispensary, or pharmaceutical company. The online version of the book provides an unparalleled depth of coverage and functionality by offering convenient desktop access and enhanced features such as increased searchability, extensive internal cross-linking, and fully downloadable and printable full-text, HTML or PDF articles. - Enhanced encyclopedic format with drug monographs now organized alphabetically - Completely expanded coverage of each drug, with more than 1,500 drug articles and information on adverse reactions and interactions - Clearer, systematic organization of information for easier reading, including case histories to provide perspective on each listing - Extensive bibliography with over 40,000 references - A must–have reference work for any academic or medical library, pharmacologist, regulatory organization, hospital dispensary, or pharmaceutical company

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) was estab­ lished in 1978 to stimulate and support scientific research and educational programs related to nutrition, toxicology, and food safety, and to encourage cooperation in these programs among scientists in universities, industry, and government agencies to assist in the resolution of health and safety issues. To supplement and enhance these efforts, ILSI has made a major commitment to supporting programs to harmon­ ize toxicological testing, to advance a more uniform inter­ pretation of bioassay results worldwide, to promote a common understanding of lesion classifications, and to encourage wide discussion of these topics among scien­ tists. The Monographs on the Pathology of Laboratory Ani­ mals are designed to facilitate communication among those involved in the safety testing of foods, drugs, and chemicals. The complete set will cover all organ systems and is intended for use by pathologists, toxicologists, and others concerned with evaluating toxicity and carcinogen­ icity studies. The international nature of the project - as reflected in the composition of the editorial board and the diversity of the authors and editors - strengthens our ex­ pectations that understanding and cooperation will be im­ proved worldwide through the series. Alex Malaspina President International Life Sciences Institute Preface This book, on the nervous system, is the sixth volume of a set pre­ pared under the sponsorship of the International Life Sciences Insti­ tute (ILSI).

Anerkannte Experten stellen ihre Konzepte und Untersuchungsergebnisse zur Analgesie und Sedierung des Intensivpatienten vor. Es ist zu wünschen, daß dadurch dem klinisch tätigen Arzt Entscheidungshilfen für sein Vorgehen an die Hand gegeben werden, denn es ist nicht zu übersehen, daß ein allgemein akzeptiertes Konzept für die Analgosedierung schwerstkranker Patienten nicht existiert. In einigen Beiträgen wird über die postoperative Analgesie des nichtintensivtherapiepflichtigen Patienten berichtet, weil gerade auch bei diesen Patienten die Schmerztherapie verbessert werden kann. Darüber hinaus werden die Patho- physiologie des Schmerzes und Fragen der Pharmakologie und Pharmakokinetik behandelt. Das Buch ist bestens geeignet, schnell über die heute gebräuchlichen Methoden zur Analgesie und Sedierung sowie deren Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen zu informieren.

Better understand the complexities of pharmacology and physiology relevant to your practice with the brand-new medical reference book, Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia. Drs. Hugh Hemmings and Talmage Egan provide the clinical insights you need to effectively administer anesthesia, ensuring patient safety and the most optimal outcomes. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Access comprehensive, continually updated research on the physiology of organ systems and clinical topics in the pharmacology of anesthetic drugs. Quickly and easily reference the information you need through user-friendly tables, figures, and algorithms, all presented in lavish full color throughout. Understand the molecular mechanism of drug actions and identify key drug interactions that may complicate anesthesia with dedicated sections on these key areas.

The papers compiled in this supplementum are a selection of the best con­ th tributions presented at the 19 Central-European Neurological Symposium (CNS 19) held on June 29 - July 1, 1989 in Vienna. The main topic of this conference was degenerative and age-associated neurological diseases. In recent decades life expectancy has dramatically increased, at least in the industrialized countries. This has led to extreme distortions of the so-called population pyramids that no longer look like such but begin to almost resemble cylinders. As a consequence of this'overaging'of the population, diseases that are associated with age have become much more common than before. It was thus more than reasonable to devote a congress of the CNS series to these important neurological diseases. The following fields of interest are covered: Age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), Alzheimer's and other dementias, Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders, stroke and others. Concerning the de men­ tias, some papers deal with diagnosis employing neuro-imaging methods such as MRI, CT, PET and SPECT, others using electrophysiological methods. An important aspect in the early preclinical diagnosis of dementia is the inclusion of neuropsychological tests to enhance the chance of effec­ tive early treatment. Also drugs that are now under clinical investigation are discussed and preliminary results are presented.

In Band 2 werden nach Definition, Einteilung und Chemie Pharmakologie (Pharmakokinetik, Neurobiochemie, Wirkmechanismus) sowie Klinik (Indikationen, Dosierung, unerwünschte Wirkungen, Interaktionen, Kontrolluntersuchungen, Behandlungsrichtlinien) der Benzodiazepin-Tranquilizer, der Benzodiazepin-Hypnotika, der Nicht-Benzodiazepin-Tranquilizer, der chemisch neuartigen Hypnotika, der Aminpräkursoren sowie der Phytotherapeutika dargestellt. Weiters findet sich ein Ausblick über Tranquilizer mit neuartigen Wirkmechanismen.'... Dieses hervorragend konzipierte und umfassend informierende Buch sei... besonders Allgemeinmedizinern, Internisten und anderen fachfremden Kollegen empfohlen.” (Psychopharmakotherapie)

The Fourth International Meeting on Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry was held in Bethesda, Maryland on 5-8 September 1985 and was dedicated to the memory of Dr. Earl Usdin. Earl was one of the organizers of the three previous meetings held in Chicago (1979), Troms0 (1980), and Odense (1982). During the organization of the fourth meeting Earl became ill and had to relinquish his role as one of the principal organizers. It is safe to conclude that there was no better, or more professional, or more efficient an organizer of scientific meetings in the field of neuropharmacology and psychiatry than Earl U sdin, and it was quite a task for the remaining organizers to fill the void left when he withdrew from this one. Those of us who have organized previous meetings with Earl were struck by how much more difficult our work became without him. This obviously speaks well for his subtle (and at times not so subtle) organizational skills. Nevertheless, in Earl's memory the organizers proceeded to invite a group of internationally renowned neuropsychopharmacologists to address the problem of selectivity in psychotropic drug action and to try to reconcile the amazing advances in basic preclinical neuropsychopharmacology with the problem of clinical specificity encountered by the psychiatrist.

The last four decades have witnessed considerable advances in our knowledge of the pharmacology of sleep. Both basic and clinical pharmacology have made major contributions toward our current understanding of the complex mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness. In addition, these advances in our understanding of the pharmacology of sleep have benefited the treatment of sleep disorders and various neurologic and psychiatric conditions. This volume is organized into three different parts. The first is a review of the basic mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness and the chronobiology of sleep. The second part reviews the basic pharmacology of the various neuro­ transmitter systems involved in sleep and wakefulness, while the third is clinically oriented and focuses on the effects of a variety of drugs on sleep and wakefulness. The initial part begins with a historical review of the hypotheses of the mechanisms of sleep, evolving from passive to active regulation, and concepts involving sleep-related neurotransmitters and other sleep factors. Then regulation of sleep and wakefulness is discussed in terms of homeostatic, circadian, and ultradian processes. Also discussed is the fact that sleep homeostasis is not disrupted by the administration of hypnotic drugs. This part also reviews time-dependent properties of pharmacologic agents in relation to endogenous biologic rhythms and more specifically to chrono­ pharmacologic changes.

Epileptic disorders need treatment for many years or even for life, and this makes a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics and possible hazards and side effects of the drugs used in treatment mandatory. During recent decades our knowledge in this field has considerably increased, not least as a result of the development of specific and sensitive methods for the determination of anti­ epileptic agents in biological material. The clinical pharmacology of this group of drugs has been studied extensively and can today be regarded as well established. This does not necessarily mean that drug treatment of epilepsy is without problems. For example, it has recently been shown that one of the newer anti­ epileptic drugs, greeted with great enthusiasm by clinicians, may in rare instances induce serious damage to the liver and the pancreas, and seems even to have a certain teratogenic potential. Clinical problems should be understood as a challenge to the experimental pharmacologist, who should try to find explanations for the clinical hazards, and, if possible, show new ways in which better drugs might be developed. In recent years interest has focused on the importance of the inhibitory transmitter'l'-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, and there have been a series of attempts to find useful antiepileptic drugs among substances interfering with GABA metabolism in the CNS.

The advances in science and medicine we are now experiencing are unprec­ edented and exciting. Life expectancy is prolonged, and quality of life is much improved. We learn of fabulous new discoveries made at the bench or the bedside every week. Many diseases have been totally eliminated, others can be significantly improved by new therapeutic formulations. Much of the success can be attributed to a better understanding of disease processes and the specific targeting of new and more effective medications. As is the case in many areas of successful human endeavour, there can be a downside. In the case of drugs and chemicals it is their adverse effects which are of concern. Of course, every effort is made to devise medications that are safe, and the need to elucidate and understand mechanisms are crucial, yet adverse effects remain a problem. They can be unpredictable and diverse. Drugs have been shown to induce virtually the whole gamut of human liver pathology from acute fulminant hepatitis to chronic active hepatitis to cirrho­ sis and even malignancy. Hence the possibility of adverse drug effects must be considered in the differential diagnosis of many patients with liver disease. This is well recognized and is very important; indeed, removal of the offending agent can often lead to reversal of the adverse effect. This is an area of hepatology where we can really make a difference.

The book contains reviews and posters of the 31st Congress of the EUROTOX (Maastricht 1991). - Forensic Toxicology - Drug Toxicology - Environmental Toxicology

Ultraviolet radiation, a component of sunlight, has been recognized by photobiologists, dermatologists, and oculists as a potential hazard for human health because of its genotoxic, carcinogenic and immunotoxic properties. Its effects on human health include the induction of skin cancers, ocular damage and impairment of immunity to certain infections. A few decennia ago it was demonstrated that UV photons can affect the activity of the immune system through interactions with the skin. This means that UV not only changes normal cells into cancer cells but also permits the outgrowth of the UV -transformed cells by depressing the immune system. An intriguing question is what interactions between UV radiation and the skin initiates alterations in immune function in the exposed skin and systemically, i. e. in other places than the exposed skin. During the last 20 years many studies have been performed in order to investigate the immunosuppressive activities of UVB in laboratory animals and in human volunteers. In particular effects of UVB radiation on resistance to tumours and skin associated infections have been examined. In addition, effects of UVB radiation on immune parameters such as contact hypersensitivity and delayed-type hypersensitivity (both type IV hypersensitivity reactions), mixed lymphocyte reactions, mixed skin lymphocyte reactions, antigen presentation and numbers and function of Langerhans cells have been studied intensively. The antigenicity of murine tumours which are caused by UVB radiation was one of the first items to be investigated (Kripke, 1974).

Elsevier now offers a series of derivative works based on the acclaimed Meylers Side Effect of Drugs, 15th Edition. These individual volumes are grouped by specialty to benefit the practicing physician or health care clinician. The unwarranted effects of medications used in psychiatry can adversely affect a treatment plan. This book is critical in helping psychiatrists and mental health professionals assess the adverse effects of drugs such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers, hypnosedatives, and antipsychotic drugs.The material is drawn from the 15th edition of the internationally renowned encyclopedia, Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs, and the latest volumes in the companion series, Side Effects of Drugs Annuals. Drug names have usually been designated by their recommended or proposed International Non-proprietary Names (rINN or pINN); when those are not available, clinical names have been used. In some cases, brand names have been used.This volume is critical for any health professional involved in the administration of psychiatric mediations. - Surpasses the Physician's Desk Reference © by including clinical case studies and independent expert analysis - Complete index of drug names - Most complete cross referencing of drug-drug interactions available - Extensive references to primary and secondary literature - Also includes information on adverse effects in pregnancy The book is divided into six sections: - Antidepressants – A general introduction to their adverse effects, followed by monographs on individual drugs and groups of drugs (including lithium) - Neuroleptic drugs – A general introduction to their adverse effects, followed by monographs on individual drugs - Hypnosedatives - A general introduction to their adverse effects, followed by monographs on individual drugs - Drugs of abuse - Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease - Psychological and psychiatric adverse effects of non-psychoactive drugs

Building on the success of the 14 previous editions, this remarkable reference has been extensively reorganized and expanded and now comprises almost 1,500 individual drug articles providing the most complete coverage of adverse reactions and interactions found anywhere. Each article contains detailed and authoritative information about the adverse effects of each drug, with comprehensive references to the primary literature making this a must have for any academic or medical library, pharmacologist, regulatory organization, hospital dispensary or pharmaceutical company. Now available online for all academic, corporate or government institution as well as individuals viaScience Direct! The online version provides an unparalleled depth of coverage and functionality by offering convenient desktop access and enhanced features such as increased searchability, extensive internal cross-linking and fully downloadable and printable full-text, HTML or PDF articles. - Enhanced encyclopedic format with drug monographs now organised alphabetically - Completely expanded coverage of each drug - thalidomide warranted three sentences in Meyler's 14th edition, but is now a 13 page extensive monograph - Clearer, systematic organization of information for easier reading including case histories to provide perspective on each listing - Extensive bibliography with over 40,000 references - Meyler's 15th edition incorporates all relevant citations from Meyler's 14th, but also includes relevant citations from previous editions of Meyler's and Side Effects of Drugs Annuals to give a historical perspective on the use and safety of drugs

Title from e-book title screen (viewed on Jan. 17, 2005)

Psychopharmacology, Volume 2: Preclinical Psychopharmacology presents the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs and neuroleptics. This book discusses the significance of the interaction between various neurotransmitter system in both biochemical and functional consequences of repeated drug administration. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effects of antidepressant drugs on norepinephrine metabolism. This text then discusses the different aspects of monoamine oxidase and its inhibitors. Other chapters consider the mechanism of action of lithium, which requires consideration of some of the general characteristics of periodic behavior. This book discusses as well the preclinical aspects of tranquilizers, particularly those dealing with benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines acting through the benzodiazepine receptor. The final chapter deals with the various behavioral and electrophysiological effects of cocaine in animals, which presumably reflect both local anesthetic properties and action on monoamine mechanisms. This book is a valuable resource for neuropharmacologists and practicing psychiatrists.

Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry

Revised and updated, this edition covers general principles of overdose management; the automonic nervous system, neurotransmitters and drugs; drugs used in psychiatry; cardiac drugs; agents that burn; gases and abnormal haemoglobin formation; the