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This book comprehensively explores the latest advancements in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The chapters provide an in-depth review of current approaches and treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease, offering insights into the latest developments and breakthroughs. It also reviews the cutting-edge research on potential novel targets for Alzheimer's pharmacotherapy, with a focus on JNK3, GSK3β, and Fyn kinase inhibitors, providing an update on related approaches and their implications. It discusses the potential of ethnomedicines as a promising tool for mitigating Alzheimer's disease, offering insights into traditional remedies and their modern applications. Additional chapters explore the influence of microglia, the neuropharmacological mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2, and the molecular intricacies of Parkinson's disease. The book further covers the evolving role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the management of neurodegenerative disorders. The chapters also examine the role of nanotechnology in addressing the challenges of diseases like multiple sclerosis. Towards the end, the book examines the role of oxidative damage in neurodegeneration and its management in related disorders. This book is an important source for neuroscientists, neurologists, and students of neuroscience.

This book explores the different uses of inulin in pharmaceutical formulations, its potential therapeutic benefits, and the regulatory considerations involved in developing inulin-based pharmaceutical products. The book covers topics such as the physical and chemical properties of inulin, its use in drug delivery and controlled release systems, therapeutic applications in managing metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, immune function, bone health, and brain health, as well as the regulatory considerations involved in developing inulin-based pharmaceutical products. The book aims to provide a complete understanding of the various applications of inulin in the pharmaceutical industry, making it relevant and significant for pharmaceutical professionals seeking to develop new drugs and drug delivery systems. Additionally, it provides valuable information for researchers and scientists working on inulin-based treatments and formulations. It appears to be a comprehensive guide for scientists, researchers, and pharmaceutical professionals interested in understanding the various applications of inulin in the pharmaceutical industry.

This book delves into the various aspects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and its role in cardiovascular disorders. It explores the use of anti-hypertensive agents, with a focus on (ACE) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The chapters cover topics such as the preferred use of ACE inhibitors over ARBs in high-risk patients, the impact of these agents on insulin resistance, their role in acute heart failure and peripheral artery disease, and their immunomodulatory activity in hypertensive patients. Additionally, the book examines the role of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in COVID-19 patients and provides insights into recent trends in managing hypertension through RAAS inhibition. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals involved in the field of cardiovascular medicine.

This book explains and discusses in simple language the structure and function of botulinum toxin and other neurotoxins as well as the rational for its utility in different disease conditions. Safety, factors affecting efficacy and duration of action, as well as cost and insurance issues are also addressed. Updates to the new edition include information on new indications, new approvals by FDA, new positive information on childhood indications, as well as data on long-term use of botulinum toxins therapy in several medical ailments (particularly migraine) that demonstrate its safety when applied properly and according to the published guidelines, are all included. In addition, two new chapters cover botulinum toxin therapy in dentistry and in veterinary medicine.

Practical guide to navigate problems involved with promiscuous ligands and multi-target drug discovery, supported by case studies and real examples Polypharmacology covers the two-sided nature of polypharmacology: its relevance for adverse drug effects, as well as its benefit for certain therapeutic drug classes in effectively treating complex diseases like psychosis and cancer. The book provides practical guidelines and advice to help readers design drugs that have multiple targets while minimizing unwanted off-target effects, discusses important disease areas like viral infection, diabetes, and obesity that have advanced significantly in the last decade, and guides researchers in neighboring areas to polypharmacology. The book is divided into four parts. Part A covers the link between off-targets and adverse drug reactions, how to screen for off-target activity, and how to recognize and optimize compounds with a potential for off-target activity. Part B discusses disease areas which benefit from polypharmacological approaches. Part C highlights important approaches, such as compound design, data mining with web-based tools, and multi-target peptides. Part D provides case study coverage on topics like CDK4/6 inhibitors for cancer treatment, the potential of multi-target ligands for COVID, and protein degraders and PROTACs. Sample topics discussed in Polypharmacology include: Molecular properties and structural motifs in pharmacological promiscuity, covering lipophilicity, molecular weight, and other parametersKinase liabilities in early drug discovery, covering core kinases driving the cell division cycle and consequences of interference, and cell cycle checkpoints controlling cell divisionTreatment of major depressive disorder, covering tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitorsTrends in the field, such as novel antipsychotics, standardization of screening tools, and the SmartCube System®, as well as lessons from history Delivering the latest research developments in the field, Polypharmacology is an essential reference on the subject for medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, biochemists, computational chemists, and biologists, as well as pharmaceutical professionals involved in drug discovery programs.

The book covers the basics of microfluidics, current applications in areas such as formulation, drug delivery, drug screening and development, monitoring and diagnostics, and case studies from a teaching perspective to undergraduate and postgraduate students, allowing application of the content in a flipped classroom. Multiple choice questions are included at the end of each chapter. All chapter authors are pioneers and world leaders. This is an ideal book for students, researchers, and industry professionals working on microfluidics in the pharmaceutical sciences.

Environmental conditions and processes are one of the major pillars on which the human well-being rests. It is the core responsibility of the society to preserve and enhance better conditions for the human well-being. Indeed, there are several evolving unmet needs in public health. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and a surge in the incidence of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CAD), chronic respiratory diseases, and metabolic diseases have been impediments to sustainable well-being. Many factors are critical in the global surge in the rate and incidence of cardiovascular diseases. These include the shift from acute to chronic conditions, the shift from single risk factor vs. multiple influences, aging population, global health disparities, exposure to lower harmful influences over a longer period, etc. However, the epigenetic factors due to unhealthy environment play a most significant role in the underlying pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, this has been ignored for a long time and realized lately to expand and disseminate knowledge to general population, expand research activities to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms, and develop better preventive and treatment strategies. The most significant environmental impoverishment in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases include different genetical, chemical, physical, and biological influences, but not limited to, socio-economic status and lack of nutrients, nutritional aspects including habits, diets and additives, inhaled and ingested pollutants, exhaust gas and gasoline products, tobacco smoke, water pollution, alcohol consumption, soil and mineral pollution, solvents, pesticides, microplastics, non-critical usage of drugs, climate change, extreme atmospheric conditions, extremes in noise and temperature, electromagnetic influences, microwaves and radiation, outdoor light pollution, mental stressors, lack of or over exercise, microbiota and microbiological agents like SARS CoV-2 virus, etc.

SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, wreaked havoc on the world; it could both spread easily and mutate rapidly, leading to the decrease in the effectiveness of newly developed vaccines over time. The detection of these mutated variants and the development of more efficient vaccines requires significant effort and increased knowledge in this field. This new book, SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Global Population Vulnerability: Diagnostic Strategies, Vaccine Development, and Therapeutic Management, provides detailed and systemic information regarding the biology and immunophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and highlights the global vulnerability of the world population to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.The book covers different aspects pertaining to the SARS-CoV-2 variants and their relation to global vulnerability. Chapters discuss the diagnostics, vaccine development, and therapeutic management starting from the zoonotic origin, organization, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, lifestyle and immunophysiology of the virus, detection and diagnosis techniques, and analytical techniques. The book also observes the global impact of Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. It looks at the drug repurposing and new drug discovery routines for the emerging variants. It presents strategies for fast-track vaccine development, the roles of nasal vaccines and nucleic acid vaccines for COVID-19 management, monoclonal antibody therapy for the diseases management, along with the use of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, herbal drugs, and other alternative remedies for COVID-19 management. The book also considers the social and environmental impacts of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the current challenges, outlining aspects that can help in developing more efficacious means for controlling SARS-CoV-2 in the future.Key highlights: Discusses SARS-CoV-2 variants, diagnosis strategies, vaccine development, and the therapeutic management of the disease Provides comprehensive coverage of SARS-CoV-2 virus and variants With its unique and thorough take on the subject, this book is an important resource of know-how for investigators working in this area. Professionals from the pharmaceutical industry as well as students, research scholars, doctors, and other healthcare professionals will find this book of particular value.

In the past years, COVID-19 caused millions of deaths and severely damaged not only public health, but also the global economy. New variants continue to threaten human health. Thus, natural compounds for retarding infection are in high demand. This book summarizes the emerging research with flavonoids, whose application holds great promise of antivirus, anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, and immunomodulatory. Topics include the role of flavonoids in preventing an inflammatory storm and how flavonoids interact with critical protein targets that are involved in the infection stages of COVID-19.Key Features• Highlights anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery on natural products and medicinal plants• Includes all major subclasses of flavonoids that promisingly combat COVID-19 • Proposes molecular mechanisms of flavonoids against protein targets of SARS-CoV-2• Contributions from an international team of leading researchers• Provides recommendations with respect to the future research

Discover a new paradigm in drug discovery that greatly expands the space of addressable drug targets and potential novel drugs Existing paradigms for drug discovery have focused largely on enzymes and other proteins as drug targets. In recent years, however, different varieties of ribonucleic acids have emerged as a viable focus for target-based drug discovery, with the potential to revolutionize the strategy and approach for this essential step in the drug development process. RNA as a Drug Target: The Next Frontier for Medicinal Chemistry offers a practice-oriented introduction to developing drug-like small molecules that selectively modulate both coding and non-coding RNAs. Beginning with a description and characterization of existing druggable RNAs, the book discusses how to approach different RNA targets for drug discovery. The result is a crucial resource for targeting RNAs and creating the next generation of life-saving pharmaceuticals. RNA as a Drug Target readers will also find: A complete “toolbox” for working with RNA, from structure determination to screening and lead generation techniques A wide range of addressable targets and mechanisms, including splicing modulation, riboswitches, targeted degradation, and more Authoritative discussion of the potential of RNA-targeted small molecule therapeutics for drugging the epitranscriptome RNA as a Drug Target provides an expert introduction to a new frontier in pharmaceutical research for medicinal chemists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and members of the pharmaceutical industry.

Targeted Therapy for the Central Nervous System: Formulation, Clinical Challenges, and Regulatory Strategies presents research on various delivery methods of drugs to the central nervous system and brain. This volume examines targeted therapies for neurodegenerative disorders and succinctly outlines the future of drug delivery systems, highlighting significant advancements specifically relating to central nervous system delivery. This book will be of great interest to researchers working in the field of neuroscience and pharmacology as well as clinicians (pharmacists, radiologists, psychiatrists). - Provides a current, thorough means on how drugs are delivered to the neurological system - Figures a connection amongst the physiology of drug delivery pertaining to the central nervous system, fundamentals of drug delivery, and distribution principles - Gives an accounting of clinical trials and regulatory approaches for the formulations targeting brain

The rise of modern antimicrobial drug resistance has evolved into a pressing global health crisis, challenging the very foundation of our ability to combat infectious diseases. The overuse and accessibility of antibiotics, particularly in emerging nations, have given rise to resilient'superbugs,'rendering common medications ineffective. This escalating challenge poses a significant threat to public health and leads to heightened healthcare costs, prolonged patient stays, and increased mortality rates. As communities grapple with the urgent need for a coordinated response, a comprehensive understanding of antimicrobial drug resistance and innovative strategies becomes paramount. Frontiers in Combating Antibacterial Resistance: Current Perspectives and Future Horizons is meticulously crafted for academic scholars, researchers, and healthcare professionals. It addresses this critical issue head-on and serves as a beacon of knowledge and a solution-oriented guide. With a focus on elucidating the mechanisms behind antimicrobial drug resistance and exploring emerging therapeutic targets, the book presents an in-depth analysis of the problem. It spans environmental, genetic, and climatic factors influencing resistance, delving into cutting-edge technologies and sustainable strategies for prevention. By offering a holistic view of the issue and proposing evidence-based solutions, the book is an indispensable resource for those seeking to navigate the complex landscape of antimicrobial drug resistance. Frontiers in Combating Antibacterial Resistance: Current Perspectives and Future Horizons aims to raise awareness, guide policy decisions, and foster international cooperation. It is a comprehensive educational tool, equipping students, researchers, and healthcare professionals with the knowledge needed to tackle this global menace. Ultimately, the book's contribution lies in understanding the complexities of antimicrobial drug resistance and empowering individuals and communities to enact meaningful change in the face of this formidable challenge.

mRNA Therapeutics: Foundations, Innovations and Clinical Applications aims to provide a comprehensive text that covers all aspects of mRNA therapeutics, from the foundational science that underpins this disruptive new drug class, through the scientific and technological breakthroughs crucial for therapeutic success, to the current clinical applications and the innovative advances driving future directions. The book begins with foundational knowledge covering mRNA biology, the immune system, and vaccines. The second section addresses the major challenges associated with mRNA as a therapeutic modality, and the molecular engineering innovations and delivery technologies that have allowed these hurdles to be largely overcome. The third section describes the current and future clinical applications of mRNA therapeutics that are transforming, or are poised to transform, medicine and health. This includes the use of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases, as well as mRNA's role in revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy, covering immunostimulants, cancer vaccines including personalized neoantigen vaccines, and CAR T cell technologies. Additional chapters describe the use of mRNA therapeutics for protein replacement therapy and gene-editing, as well as newer mRNA constructs, including self-amplifying mRNA. The final section addresses the safety and regulatory considerations of mRNA therapeutics, along with broader cultural issues including vaccine hesitancy, global vaccine inequality, and pandemic preparedness. Currently, mRNA texts either provide personal accounts from key players involved in COVID-19 vaccine development, with limited scientific depth, or focus on highly specialized, more esoteric applications of mRNA in advanced molecular biology. This book aims to bridge this gap by providing a scientifically rigorous and wide-ranging exploration of mRNA's role in therapeutics. This pioneering textbook serves as a vital addition to the academic canon, providing an essential tool for the current and next generation of students, scientists, researchers and professionals in a wide variety of related disciplines including molecular biology, biomedical engineering, pharmaceutical science, oncology, and the health sciences. - Focuses on the science of mRNA, covering the development, modus operandi, platform manufacturing technology, safety, and efficacy of this treatment modality - Provides the mRNA technology fit with the wider context of vaccinology, virology, oncology, biotechnology, as well as manufacturing and regulatory science - Offers an understanding of the recent paradigm shift in the way we treat disease

Coronaviruses can cause illness, severe disease, and death; for example, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and COVID-19. Vaccine development and antiviral drugs are challenged by the propensity for viral mutations allowing these viruses to evade such therapies. There are a number of bioactive compounds from natural sources, which can exert health benefits and act as antiviral therapies such as anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, and immune regulation. This book summarizes research on the potential efficacy and underlying mechanisms of bioactive compounds and traditional medicines against SARS-CoV-2.Key Features Summarizes the potential benefits of bioactive therapies for coronaviruses Focuses on COVID-19, but also covers MERS and SARS Provides alternatives to vaccines and other antiviral drugs whose efficacy is reduced by viral mutations Relevant for clinicians and public health officials

The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a generic measure of health effect that can be used in cost-effectiveness analysis as an alternative to the quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Infectious diseases are one of the major to cause significant losses of DALY and QALY. Human infectious diseases are disorders that are triggered by the micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. The majority of such diseases are contagious and create a public health menace. There are several reasons why infectious diseases are deadly diseases, and one of the primary reasons is the drug resistance developed over time. Drug resistance-associated mutations are linked to increasing drug efflux, modifications of the drugs, or their targets. Every year, new drugs are being approved by FDA to treat infectious diseases. Nonetheless, the infectious diseases will undoubtedly persist as permanent and main threats to humanity for now and in the future, primarily due to increased longevity that almost always comes at a cost of impaired immunity.A total of four books are covered under the series of Infectious drug diseases.- Malarial drug delivery systems- Tubercular drug delivery systems- Viral drug delivery systems- Infectious disease drug delivery systemsThe third volume of series is focused on viral drug delivery systems. Typically, virus attaches to the cells (referred as host cell) and releases its DNA or RNA inside the cell. In second stage, virus's genetic material takes control of the cell and forces it to replicate the virus leading to onset of disease symptoms. DNA class of viruses include Herpes, Papilloma and Adeno viruses. RNA class of viruses include retroviruses, such as HIV immunodeficiency virus and SARS COV – 2 / Corona virus. This book addresses recent developments in viral drug delivery systems. It covers many different aspects of viral infections, ways to treat them using modern drug delivery systems like nano particulate carriers. The choice of viral delivery systems mainly depends upon the type of virus, duration of life cycle, presence of drug resistance, cellular and mucosal interaction of virus, accordingly gene or non-gene drug delivery systems are selected. Besides that, this book also reports global dynamics of viral diseases, future predictions of infection rate, current treatment options, details of drug carriers like nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, role of biofunctionalization, and phyto-molecules in treatment of viral infections particularly herpes, Covid-19, Ebola, HIV/AIDS, influenza and viral hepatitis.Audiences from a broad range of groups, from researchers, academicians, and public health bodies to regulatory experts, can benefit from the compiled information to learn more about patient needs and current research advances in the field of viral drug delivery research.

This book presents a complete overview of COVID-19 and provides a series of in-depth analyses of the literature and a comprehensive discussion and perspectives on promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents based on the system of ethnopharmacology, which covers Chinese medicine, traditional medicines of India and Africa, Turkish folk medicine, essential oils, and some well-known medicinal plants. In this book, the current status of therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 was summarized and a perspective of potential options for the future was proposed. Based on ethnopharmacology, some well-established traditional herbal formulations and bioactive compounds with anti-virus activity were repurposed for managing COVID-19 and post-illness, including neurological disorders and kidney illness. Using drug discovery tools, promising immune enhancers were explored from phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2. Nutraceuticals from dietary plants, spices, and fruits with anti-virus and antioxidant activities were recommended to prevent infection or severe illness caused by emerging variants. With the aid of systems pharmacology, researchers have gained insights into possible molecular mechanisms of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and have predicted a range of candidate compounds from medicinal plants to combat COVID-19. This book explores the current knowledge of drug discovery and ethnopharmacology for managing coronavirus diseases. The content proved the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity from natural products and traditional herbal medicines. It contributes to the management of global public health and fits the goal of establishing “Good Health and Well-Being,” which is one of “The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030'.

New Avenues in Drug Discovery and Bioactive Natural Products is the second volume of the Natural Medicine book series. It is devoted to current research in drug discovery from natural sources.The volume features 13 chapters that cover modern analytical and scientific approaches. The book starts with chapters on advanced analytical and research techniques, such as genomic mining, quality control of herbal drugs, DNA fingerprinting, high-throughput screening, molecular docking and extraction techniques. The contributors provide a summary of challenges for researchers and commercial applications where possible. The book also features chapters dedicated to specific medicinal agents that target a disease (glycosides, SARS-CoV2 spike protein inhibitors, and andrographolides. The collection of important research topics in natural product chemistry aims to help the scholars and researchers in the scientific community that are involved in the extraction and development of new medicines.

Inflammation is a protective mechanism of the body in which the immune system identifies, rejects, and kick-starts the healing process after damage caused by injurious stimuli, such as pathogens, irritants or injured cells. During inflammation diverse pathological changes take place which trigger to generate the active inflammatory mediators by host proteins, like complement proteins or kinins. Inflammatory cells are activated by both infectious and non-infectious stimuli, as well as by cell injury, which also triggers inflammatory signalling pathways, most often the NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK-STAT pathways. However, sometimes the immune system triggers the inflammatory process even in the absence of foreign substances, resulting in the development of harmful conditions, e.g., inappropriate regulation of NF-κB results in the development of serious illnesses like cancer, septic shock, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. However, its origins and consequences are still uncovered to understand its involvement in many human diseases. This book is comprised of 15 chapters written by leading researchers in the field, covering a broad range of topics to highlight the fundamental reasons and the astonishing association of inflammation with the onset of various diseases or illnesses. A prolonged inflammation procedure involving the destruction of tissue and fibrosis at the same interval of time is regarded as chronic inflammation, which can be characterized by the expansion of both humoral and cellular immune responses against pathogens. In addition, numerous mediators contribute inflammation process; few are released without delay (serotonin, histamine etc.), few are secreted within an interval of short time (leukotrienes, prostaglandins, etc.), a few entail the de novo synthesis (interferon, interleukin, growth factors, etc.). Both pro and pre-cytokines that initiate inflammation like tumour necrosis factor, interferon, interleukin 1β, and oxidative stress promote inflammation by stimulation of gene expression which depends on the availability of interacting sites for the nuclear factor kappa activated B cells. The anti-inflammatory strategies showed a significant reduction in the average risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, autoimmune disorders, cancer, etc. The successful exploration of new fundamental causes and their relationship with inflammation enlightens multi-targeting alternatives to treat certain various illnesses; evokes researchers to develop a safe and effective therapeutic regimen; thus, promoting health benefits.

Lantibiotics as Alternative Therapeutics explores alternative therapeutics, lantibiotics and other novel drugs. This book provides concrete information to readers regarding lantibiotics and various types of antimicrobial peptides with their mode of actions in treating various multidrug resistant organisms. It explains various techniques that are involved in analyzing antimicrobial peptides and their mode of actions. The development of antibiotic resistance has now reached a point of crisis where innovative methods and application of novel compounds and methods are required to prevent the spread of drug resistant infections. Novel compounds exhibit different modes of action to the currently used mechanism of therapeutics in order to combat against the resistant organisms. Lantibiotics hold considerable potential as a consequence of their unusual structure, unique mechanisms of action and their potency against multi-drug resistant bacteria. This book will be useful for pharmaceutical industry scientists and researchers in microbial and biomedical research as well as graduate and advanced students in microbiology, medical biotechnology, health, and pharmaceutical sciences. - Includes the biology, molecular interaction with target molecule, putative genes and analytical techniques to isolate and identify compounds - Incorporates relevant case studies to increase understanding - Focuses on recent trends on novel antimicrobial agents and antibiotic resistance research - Discusses new arena of diseases, apart from acute and chronic infections

This book covers the morphological characteristics, ethnopharmacological properties, isolated and identified structurally diverse secondary metabolites, biological and pharmacological activities of medicinal plants. Ethnopharmacology is the systematic study of folklore/traditional medicines, which continue to provide innovative drugs and lead molecules for the pharmaceutical industry. In fact, plant secondary metabolites, used as a single molecule or as a mixture, are medicines that can be effective and safe even when synthetic drugs fail. Therefore, the description of these secondary metabolites as well as methods for the targeted expression and/or purification is of high interest.In addition to surveying the morphological features, ethnopharmacological properties, biological and pharmacological activities, and studies of clinical trials, this book offers a comprehensive treatment of 56 plant species. It also presents the cell culture conditions and various methods used for increasing the production of medicinally important secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures.This volume:· Provides the morphological features, habitat, and distribution of each species of 56 genera selected from the different regions of the world. · Presents ethnopharmacological applications of various species of the 56 genera included in this book. Different species of 56 genera are used for ethnomedicinal uses by the people of various countries of the world.· Describes structures of various secondary metabolites identified in 56 plant species together with their biological and pharmacological activities.· Discusses strategies of secondary metabolites production, such as organ culture, pH, elicitation, hairy root cultures, light, and mutagenesis.· Provides a complete overview of each species of 56 genera and complete information up to 2022.Ethnopharmacological Properties, Biological Activity and Phytochemical Attributes of Medicinal Plants is an important book for undergraduate and postgraduate students, pharmacologists, phytochemists, Ayurvedic practitioners, medical doctors, and biotechnologists interested in the ethnopharmacological properties, phytochemistry, and biological and pharmacological activities of plants.

This book thoroughly reviews the advancements in design and applications of Polymeric Micelles (PMs) in drug delivery. It provides information on the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers and their types, functional chemistry for targeting and sensing, and biomedical applications. The book further provides the possibilities for designing PMs in a range of drug delivery approaches. The book addresses the molecular parameters of amphiphilic block copolymers that are required for functionalizing PMs for drug delivery applications. Additionally, the book presents recent advances in applications of PMs such as co-delivery, sensing, theranostics, delivery of nucleic acids, and proteins. Towards the end, it discusses different physico-chemical strategies to enhance the stability and drug retention of polymeric micelles and reviews the preclinical and clinical toxicity and immunogenicity-related aspects of polymeric micelles. This book is an invaluable source for academics, research, and industry professionals working in the field of polymeric micelles and drug delivery.

Application of Natural Products in SARS-CoV-2 examines the potential for natural products to treat COVID-19, bringing together the most recent research. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel disease H54 that is still being researched despite being globally prevalent. There are still few proven treatments, so repurposing existing drugs and treatments is essential. While there have been many articles published on the subject, this book is the first to bring together data and research on the topic. It includes information about molecular mechanism, dosage and safety profiles, and an essential resource for all scientists and researchers working to combat SARS-CoV-2. - Collates known data and research on COVID-19 and natural products in a single and easy to find place - Includes information about molecular mechanism, dosage and safety profiles - Provides information from a diverse group of academics and industrial scientists

The current book is focussed on the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are the first pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) discovered in humans. For example, TLR4 was first recognized in humans in 1997 as a PRR recognizing the Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This discovery revolutionized the field of innate immunity and filled the long-standing gap in the pathogen recognition by the immune system. Now, it is well established that humans have 10 (TLR1-TLR10) and mice have 12 (TLR1-TLR13) functional TLRs, excluding TLR10 that is present as a defective pseudogene. TLRs are present as both membrane-bound extracellular (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10) and intracellular (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) PRRs in humans, which identify different pathogen or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs) and death or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by the host cells. A lot of development in the TLR biology has occurred in last 24 years since there first discovery in humans.The book is intended to describe their role in the host defence, human reproduction, non-infectious sterile inflammatory conditions, including brain immunity and cerebrovascular diseases, signaling mechanisms, adaptive immunity, and their targeting for drug development.

GENOME EDITING IN DRUG DISCOVERY A practical guide for researchers and professionals applying genome editing techniques to drug discovery In Genome Editing in Drug Discovery, a team of distinguished biologists delivers a comprehensive exploration of genome editing in the drug discovery process, with coverage of the technology's history, current issues and techniques, and future perspectives and research directions. The book discusses techniques for disease modeling, target identification with CRISPR, safety studies, therapeutic editing, and intellectual property issues. The safety and efficacy of drugs and new target discovery, as well as next-generation therapeutics are also presented. Offering practical suggestions for practitioners and academicians involved in drug discovery, Genome Editing in Drug Discovery is a fulsome treatment of a technology that has become part of nearly every early step in the drug discovery pipeline. Selected contributions also include: A thorough introduction to the applications of CRISPRi and CRISPRa in drug discovery Comprehensive explorations of genome-editing applications in stem cell engineering and regenerative medicine Practical discussions of the safety aspects of genome editing with respect to immunogenicity and the specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing In-depth examinations of critical socio-economic and bioethical challenges in the CRISPR-Cas9 patent landscape Perfect for academic researchers and professionals in the biotech and pharmaceutical industries, Genome Editing in Drug Discovery will also earn a place in the libraries of medicinal chemists, biochemists, and molecular biologists.

The book titled ‘Prebiotics, Probiotics and Nutraceuticals'is expected to direct many emerging research pathwaysneed at local and global levels for nutrition and food supplements for developing immunity for healthy life. This volume incorporates sixteen seminal papers on issue based research and their practical applications covering latest information and progress on different area of nutritional supplement research fight against disease. The book highlights the frontier issues and applications in nutritional biotechnology with wide coverage of the themes like Potentiality of Probiotics in Inactivation of Tetrodotoxin, Therapeutic Strategy for the Deterrence of COVID-19 with Relevance to Probiotics and Prospectives of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics for Sustainable Development in Aquaculture.Plant based Bioactive compounds in Cancer Therapeutics, Recent Trends in Natural Medicines and Nutraceuticals Research, Probiotics as efficacious therapeutic option for treating gut-related diseases: molecular and immune-biological perspectives, The progressive development of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics research, and its multipurpose use in the ornamental fishery, The commercial perspective of probiotics, and bioremediating components in aquaculture pond management: A Case Study andPrebiotics as promising therapeutics for treating gut-related disorders : Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives. Prebiotics and Probiotics as Functional Foods: Prospect and Promises in Metabolic Diseases, Implications of probiotics and prebiotics on immune functions. Recent Trends in Natural Medicines and Nutraceuticals Research, Nutraceuticals are alternative to modern medicines, Socio-Economic Study of Prospective of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic for sustainable development of aquaculture in Indian Sunderban. This book will be very useful for the scholars, biotechnologists, agricultural scientists, nutritionist, medical doctors, researchers, teachers and students in the emerging field of biotechnology.

CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTS IN DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT A useful guide for medicinal chemists and pharmaceutical scientists Drug discovery is a lengthy and complex process that typically involves identifying an unmet medical need, determining a biological target, chemical library screening to identify a lead, chemical optimization, preclinical studies and clinical trials. This process often takes many years to complete, and relies on practitioners'knowledge of chemistry and biology, but also—and perhaps more importantly—on experience. Improving the success rate in discovery and development through a thorough knowledge of drug discovery principles and advances in technology is critical for advancement in the field. Contemporary Accounts in Drug Discovery and Development provides drug discovery scientists with the knowledge they need to quickly gain mastery of the drug discovery process. A thorough accounting is given for each drug covered within the book, as the authors provide pharmacology, drug metabolism, biology, drug development, and clinical studies for every case, with modern drug discovery principles and technologies incorporated throughout. Contemporary Accounts in Drug Discovery and Development readers will also find Case histories used as an engaging way of learning about the drug discovery/development process Detailed biological rational and background information, drug design principles, SAR development, ADMET considerations, and clinical studies The full history of individual marketed small molecule drugs Coverage of drug candidates that have passed Phase I clinical trials with different modalities, such as antibody drug conjugates (ADC), proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC), and peptide drugs The application of new technologies in drug discovery such as DNA-encoded libraries (DEL), positron emission tomography (PET), and physics-based computational modeling employing free energy perturbation (FEP) Contemporary Accounts in Drug Discovery and Development is a helpful tool for medicinal chemists, organic chemists, pharmacologists, and other scientists in drug research and process development. It may be considered essential reading for graduate courses in drug discovery, medicinal chemistry, drug synthesis, pharmaceutical science, and pharmacology. It is also a useful resource for pharmaceutical industry labs, as well as for libraries.

Comprehensive Pharmacology, Seven Volume Set is organized into twelve sections that explore therapeutic areas, with a total of 320 comprehensive articles and 6,800 pages of important findings. Sections contain highly detailed coverage of information that has been overseen by an editorial board made up of well-respected, field leading experts. The content in this book offers readers an in-depth and easily accessible reference work on every aspect of pharmacological research surrounding the pharmacology of all therapeutic applications of drugs, their mechanism of action and their therapeutic values. These elements are essential as drugs are almost never tested and developed in the actual therapeutic system, but rather in test systems from which parameters must be determined to predict activity in systems of varying ambient physiology. As different technologies rapidly evolve, there is an ever-increasing level of knowledge about the pharmacology of known drugs, along with increasing capability to utilize pharmacological systems to predict new drug activity, all of which must be communicated to professionals in varying fields. - Contains chapters that follow a consistent and templated approach, resulting in well-structured content that enhances user experience and appeal - Offers a comprehensive review on a wealth of information on pharmacology and how it utilizes concepts and techniques from a broad array of sciences, ranging from chemistry to physiology to medicine - Includes a wider use of color and multimedia content, with interactive features, links, computational modeling and animations to illustrate the effects of toxic substances in various contexts

The formulation and the technological advancements in RNA biology, chemistry, stability, and encapsulated delivery systems that have enabled the development of fully synthetic mRNA vaccines are discussed in this volume. The applications of the mRNA technology is covered, focusing on infectious diseases but also touching on other indications, such as immunotherapies and molecular therapies. Potent and long-lasting immune responses observed in animal models, encouraging data from early human clinical studies, together with the success of two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines support the use of mRNA-based vaccination as an attractive alternative to conventional vaccine approaches. Consequently, the development progress of the technology, particularly on production, capabilities, and clinical development is reviewed. Topics on safety, regulatory issues, and possible challenges to the mRNA vaccination approach round off this book. Thanks to their high potency, the prospect for generic,low-cost manufacturing processes, and entirely synthetic nature, the future for mRNA vaccines is highly promising. Importantly, mRNA vaccines have the potential to minimize the time between pathogen identification and vaccine release with a huge impact on public health. As the mRNA-based vaccination technology has been progressing rapidly, the book is intended to be an end-to-end review series, covering everything from basic RNA biology and preclinical studies to the manufacturing strategy, clinical development and regulatory approval. It provides established RNA researchers and developers with updates on the latest advancements in the field and allows for a quick but comprehensive overview of this transformative technology, its application, and future potential.

Discusses how to fight Ebola, SARS Corona, and other known or emerging human viruses by building on the successes in antiviral therapy of the past decades Written by leading medicinal chemists from academia and industry, this book discusses the entire field of antiviral drug discovery and development from a medicinal chemistry perspective, focusing on antiviral drugs, targets, and viral disease mechanisms. It provides an outlook on emerging pathogens such as Ebola, Zika, West Nile, Lassa, and includes a chapter on SARS Coronoavirus-2 causing the present pandemic. New Drug Development for Known and Emerging Viruses describes the discovery and development process for antiviral agents for different classes of viruses and targets based on the experiences from the nine human viruses for which approved drugs are on the market (HIV, HCV, Influenza, RSV, HBV, HPV, HCMV, HSV, and VZV). It covers the properties and potential of 20 classes of currently approved antivirals, including combination drugs, and looks at novel antiviral strategies against emerging viruses. Covers the entire field of antiviral drug discovery and development Addresses the need for antiviral drugs to combat major health threats such as Ebola, Zika, West Nile, and SARS Coronavirus-2 Summarizes the successes of the past 15 years in developing ground-breaking medicines against 9 major human viruses, both from the medicinal chemistry and the pharmacological angle Discusses practical and strategic challenges in the drug discovery and development process, including screening technologies, latency, and toxicity issues New Developments in Antiviral Drugs is an important book for medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, virologists, and epidemiologists, and will be of great interest to those in the ;pharmaceutical industry and public health agencies.

A thorough discussion of the structure, pharmacology, function, and role of G protein-coupled receptors In GPCRs as Therapeutic Agents, distinguished researcher Dr. Annette Gilchrist delivers an authoritative and in-depth compendium of a vibrant and active area of academic and industrial drug discovery. The book serves as an important reference for new and experienced researchers studying G protein-coupled receptors and discusses the molecular pharmacology of this important target class. It also includes up-to-date material on GPCR structures and structure-based drug design. The book explores the role of GPCRs in the treatment of disease and novel approaches to their study. In addition to providing information on the structure, pharmacology, and function of GPCRs, it discusses their role in disease states, and advances new methods for measuring GPCR activity in an accessible and engaging way. The book includes: A thorough introduction to the molecular pharmacology of G protein-coupled receptors, including up-to-date material on GPCR structures and structure-based drug design In-depth discussions of the evolving pharmacology for GPCRs, intracellular trafficking, and subcellular GPCR signaling Comprehensive explorations of allosteric modulation, receptor dimerization, deorphanization, and ubiquitination Fulsome treatments of the role played by GPCRs in the treatments of cancer, substance use disorders, cerebrovascular diseases, and metabolic diseasesPerfect for researchers in biochemistry, cell biology, and pharmacology, GPCRs as Therapeutic Agents will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in medicinal chemistry, structural biology, and clinical pharmacology.

Computational Approaches for Novel Therapeutic and Diagnostic Designing to Mitigate SARS-CoV2 Infection: Revolutionary Strategies to Combat Pandemics compiles information about various computational bioinformatic approaches that can help combat viral infection. The book includes working knowledge of various molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation approaches that have been exploited for drug repurposing and drug designing purpose. In addition, it sheds light on reverse vaccinomics and immunoinformatic approaches for vaccine designing against SARS-CoV2 infection. This book is an essential resource for researchers, bioinformaticians, computational biologists, computational chemists and pharmaceutical companies who are working on the development of effective and specific therapeutic interventions and point-of-care diagnostic devices using various computational approaches. - Covers computational based approaches for designing and repurposing drugs - Discusses immunoinformatic and reverse vaccinomic approaches for effective vaccine design - Categorizes information about artificial intelligence-based drug screening and diagnostic tools

This book updates in detail the microbial pathogenesis of various important pathogens, including HIV-1, MERS, SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium and Plasmodium. There is also a general discussion of the innate and adaptive immune responses against primary and opportunistic infections. The overall purpose of the book is to aid in the development of anti-viral and anti-microbial targets.

This book summarizes state-of-the-art antiviral drug design and discovery approaches starting from natural products to de novo design, and provides a timely update on recently approved antiviral drugs and compounds in advanced clinical development. Special attention is paid to viral infections with a high impact on the world population or highly relevant from the public health perspective (HIV, hepatitis C, influenza virus, etc.). In these chapters, limitations associated with adverse effects and emergence of drug resistance are discussed in detail. In addition to classical antiviral strategies, chapters will be dedicated to discuss the non-classical drug development strategies to block viral infection, for instance, allosteric inhibitors, covalent antiviral agents, or antiviral compounds targeting protein–protein interactions. Finally, current prospects for producing broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors will be also addressed. The book is distinctive in providing the most recent update in the rapidly evolving field of antiviral therapeutics. Authoritative reviews are written by international scientists well known for their contributions in their topics of research, which makes this book suitable for researchers not only within the antiviral research community but also attractive to a broad audience in the drug discovery field. This book covers molecular structures and biochemical mechanisms mediating the antiviral effects, while discussing various ligand design strategies, which include traditional medicinal chemistry, computational chemistry, and chemical biology approaches. The book provides a comprehensive review of antiviral drug discovery and development approaches, particularly focusing on current innovations and future trends.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat. Unfortunately, there are very limited approved therapeutics available with established efficacy and safety profiles against SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 vaccines aim to actively induce systemic immunization; however, the possibility or fear of side effects decreases or discourages their use. Alternative therapy via natural products, especially essential oils, could be considered safe and effective to improve health, cure ailments, and soothe your body and mind. Essential oils, which have been known for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, and antiviral properties, could possibly be useful for the symptomatic management of COVID-19. This book is vital in respect of designing approaches to protect humanity from further losses and harm due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Role of Essential Oils in the Management of COVID-19 offers a complete outline of the recent novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, its biology, and associated challenges for the prevention and treatment of novel COVID-19, with a prime focus on the possible role of essential oils in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. This book is written for everyone who needs to be thoroughly familiar with the appropriate and safe use of essential oils in COVID-19 therapy. As per the objectives of the book: The first seven chapters cover various aspects of COVID-19 infection, including epidemiology, origin, morphology, genome organization, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, preventive measures, and treatment strategies. The remaining chapters elaborate on the various aspects related to essential oils, such as chemistry, extraction methods, dispensing methods, stability, quality control, mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, pharmacokinetics, aromatherapy, and safety profiles. Prof. Ahmed Al-Harrasi is Vice Chancellor for Graduate Studies, Research and External Relations, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, and Professor of Organic Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Oman. Prof. Ahmed received his M.Sc. degree in Chemistry followed by his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Berlin. He then pursued his postdoctoral research at Cornell University. Afterward, he continued his research rigor at the University of Nizwa, where he founded the Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, which has now become a center of excellence in natural and medical sciences. While enduring his research aptitude, he has authored and co-authored more than 400 scientific papers, 2 books, and 12 book chapters of high repute.Dr. Saurabh Bhatia graduated from Kurukshetra University, followed by postgraduation from Bharati Vidyapeeth University. He received his Ph.D in Pharmaceutical Technology at Jadavpur University. He now works as an Associate Professor at Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Oman. He has 12 years of academic experience; has authored 75 articles and 9 books of repute; and filed 11 patents.

Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics provides an unprecedented, comprehensive overview of the phylogeny, botany, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology of more than 100 plants used in the traditional medical systems of Asia and Pacific. It discusses their actions and potentials against viruses, bacteria, and fungi that represent a threat of epidemic and pandemic diseases, with an emphasis on the molecular basis and cellular pathways.This book presents scientific names, the botanical classification, traditional medicinal uses, active chemical constituents, and pharmacology. This volume is a critical reference for anyone involved in the discovery of lead molecules or phytopharmaceutical products for the prevention or treatment of pandemic viral, bacterial, or fungal infections.FEATURES Phylogenetic presentation of medicinal plants and a chemotaxonomical rationale of antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal actions Discusses the chemical structure–activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, and oral bioavailability of antimicrobial principles Introduces the molecular mechanism of natural products on viruses, bacteria, and fungi Contains a selection of botanical plates and useful bibliographic references This book is a useful research tool for postgraduates, academics, and the pharmaceutical, herbal, and nutrition industries. Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics includes commentary sections that invite further research and reflection on the fascinating and timely subject of the development of drugs and herbals from Asia-Pacific medicinal plants to safeguard humanity and other life forms against the forthcoming waves of viral, bacterial, or fungal pandemics. This book is an ideal reference text for medicinal plant enthusiasts.

Anti-infective agents are a distinct class of pharmacologically important molecules that has served mankind in different capacities to combat life-threating pathologic conditions. They include antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antituberculosis, antimalarial and urinary anti-infective agents. However, evolutionary changes, adaptations and development of pathogenic microorganisms strains the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs thus limiting their clinical utility over the years.Frontiers in Anti-Infective Agents Volume 5 is a collection of notable research efforts, successful anti-infective drug development programmes and a comprehensive overview of the successes and failures of recent clinical trials in this domain. The volume covers interesting topics: 1) the treatment of acute wounds with the vikut® formula, 2) anti-infective treatment of ocular diseases and 3) sars-cov vaccine development and antimicrobial therapy for SARS symptoms. A chapter summarizing recent anti-infective approaches rounds up the contents of this volume.This volume is a timely reference for postgraduate scholars and researchers seeking updates in specific areas of anti-infective drug development. Allied healthcare professionals (clinical and public healthcare professionals) can also benefit from the information presented within.

This book discusses various components of the innate and adaptive immune response in combating viral infections, presenting the recent advances in our understanding of innate immunity recognition of viruses and highlighting the important role of inflammation, cytokines such as interferon, toll-like receptors and leukocytes in the initial detection of invading viruses and subsequent activation of adaptive immunity. It also summarizes the role of the adaptive immunity against viral infections through clearance of virus and establishment of memory response that protects against the recurrent infections. In addition, the book examines the role of DNA and RNA sensors in viral recognition and in controlling viral infection. Lastly, it reviews the latest developments in the development of the rational viral vaccines. As such it is a useful resource book for postgraduate and early researchers wanting to gain insights into the immune response to viral infections.

All books on the market which have been written on the subject of botulinum toxin therapy focus on treatment of hyperactive movement disorders, autonomic dysfunction (bladder, sweat and salivary glands) and some pain indications (migraine). Reference to pre-or post -surgical indications are brief and often out-dated. No book has information on dentistry or veterinary medicine. This book provides up-to-date information on botulinum toxin therapy in surgical fields. It is also the only book in the market that provides information on botulinum toxin therapy in dentistry and veterinary medicine, furnishing the latest information. Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Surgery, Dentistry, and Veterinary Medicine appeals to many disciplines including surgery, dentistry and veterinary medicines well as appealing to neurologists and internists.

This book gathers a series of pivotal papers on the development of an HIV/AIDS vaccine published in the last two decades. Accompanied by extensive comments putting the material into an up-to-date context, all three parts of the book offer a broad overview of the numerous unsuccessful attempts made in recent years to develop a preventive HIV vaccine. Providing a detailed review and analysis of studies published from 1998 to the present day, it examines the likely reasons for the failure to develop an HIV vaccine despite multi-million dollar investments.

Global Virology, Volume III: Virology in the 21st Century examines work that has been undertaken, or is planned, in several fields of virology, in an effort to promote current and future work, research, and health. Fields and methods addressed include virology, immunology, space research, astrovirology/astrobiology, plasmids, swarm intelligence, bioinformatics, data-mining, machine learning, neural networks, critical equations, and advances in biohazard biocontainment. Novel and forward-looking methods, techniques, and approaches in research and development are presented by experts in the field.

Neglected Diseases: Extensive Space for Modern Drug Discovery provides in-depth reviews on the last progresses about neglected tropical diseases research. Topics covered in this volume include Leishmaniasis, Tripanosomiasis, Onchocerciasis and Ebolavirus infections, with insights on the future of the research on them. Part of the volume is devoted to recent contributions this field received from X-Ray crystallography. - Provides accurate reviews from selected experts on the topic of Neglected Tropical Diseases - Each chapter of the volume provides useful graphic material for ease of reading of the audience - provides the latest insights and future perspectives on the covered neglected diseases

This book series brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of anti-infective drug design and discovery. The scope of the book series covers a range of topics including rational drug design and drug discovery, medicinal ch

This book provides a comprehensive review of the major barriers to HIV cure and vaccine. It covers the fundamental virology and immunology leading to HIV transmission, protection from infection and long term HIV persistence on antiretroviral therapy. In addition, strategies being tested to eliminate persistent HIV and the rational design of vaccines to induce protective immunity are covered. This book also discusses the challenges related to the design of clinical trials for testing the safety and efficacy of these innovative approaches. This book will provide a systematic overview and also discuss controversial issues for researchers in virology and immunology, as well as practicing physicians, and scientists in the pharmaceutical industry.

This book on NeuroAIDS, a collection of chapters written by experts and specialists from around the world, provides a global perspective on HIV and NeuroAIDS in the field, clinic, and laboratory. The chapters address the comorbidity of HIV and other infectious agents, including Zika virus, Ebola, Chagas disease, TB and HCV. Also discussed are key topics, such as:· Molecular socioepidemiology· Global HIV and NeuroAIDS· Neuropathology· cART and blood-brain barrier penetration· HIV replicative oscillations· HIV and SIV evolution· Psychiatric comorbidities· Neurosyphilis · The examination of current and innovative models of translational research to translational effectiveness

In this practice-oriented two volume handbook, professionals from some of the largest biopharmaceutical companies and top academic researchers address the key concepts and challenges in the development of protein pharmaceuticals for medicinal chemists and drug developers of all trades. Following an introduction tracing the rapid development of the protein therapeutics market over the last decade, all currently used therapeutic protein scaffolds are surveyed, from human and non-human antibodies to antibody mimetics, bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates. This ready reference then goes on to review other key aspects such as pharmacokinetics, safety and immunogenicity, manufacture, formulation and delivery. The handbook then takes a look at current key clinical applications for protein therapeutics, from respiratory and inflammation to oncology and immune-oncology, infectious diseases and rescue therapy. Finally, several exciting prospects for the future of protein therapeutics are highlighted and discussed.

Cancer metastasis is one of the greatest challenges for our society and is responsible for over 90% of cancer-related deaths. Even in the 21st century, currently available therapies have very limited curative effects for metastatic cancers patients, where the five-year survival rate is only about 20%. Our society needs rapid, sensitive, and reliable cancer therapy which will help save millions of lives every year worldwide. There is no doubt that the development of nano-material based targeted therapy techniques are fast growing research areas for oncology, nanomedicine, chemistry, biology, biomedical engineering and other disciplines. Photo-thermal therapy is a minimally-invasive targeted therapy using bio-conjugated nanoparticles, in which photon energy is converted into heat to kill cancer. Over the last ten years, society has experienced a tremendous growth in the development and implementation of photothermal therapy for cancer. To summarize the recent growth, the first volume in the Photothermal Therapy: Mechanisms, Efficiency and Future Directions series discusses the development of different nanomaterial based photothermal therapy, which have the capability for targeted therapy using near infrared (NIR) light. It contains six chapters written by renowned experts in this area, covering from basic science to possible device design which can have immense applications in our society. This book is unique in its design and content, providing an in depth analysis of this scientific field to elucidate molecular mechanisms of photothermal therapy, engineering design for targeted therapy and the latest research on evolving therapeutic technology to tackle the challenges society is facing now due to cancer and other diseases. The readers will be very pleased to read the wide range of state-of-the-art targeted therapeutic techniques, which have been developed for targeted photo-therapy of cancer, drug resistance bacteria and viruses.

This book reviews current science and applications in fields including thrombosis and hemostasis, signal transduction, and non-thrombotic conditions such as inflammation, allergy and tumor metastasis. It is a detailed, up-to-date, highly referenced text for clinical scientists and physicians, including recent developments in this rapidly expanding field. More than a scientific resource, this is also an authoritative reference and guide to the diagnosis.

The second edition of Neuroimmune Pharmacology bridges the disciplines of neuroscience, immunology and pharmacology from the molecular to clinical levels with particular thought made to engage new research directives and clinical modalities.Bringing together the foremost field authorities from around the world, Neuroimmune Pharmacology will serve as an invaluable resource for the basic and applied scientists of the current decade and beyond.

This book describes the molecular biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and potential strategies for control of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. It offers insight into the structure and functions of CHIKV proteins as they relate to host response, interaction with the arthropod vector, and vaccination. A detailed account of both the epidemiological outlook and the clinical syndrome of CHIKV infection is provided. The complex host-virus interaction and the signaling pathways that mediate such interactions are also covered. Throughout the book, graphics and charts are used to provide stimulating discussion on important findings in the field of chikungunyalogy. The chapters are written with a global perspective by experts of CHIKV from around the world. This project is especially significant given that CHIKV is a pathogen of worldwide public health concern. Although the presence of CHIKV infection is not global yet, worldwide dissemination is predicted in the future due largely to the lack of effective treatment/therapy, efficient control of transmission, and knowledge about mechanisms of pathogenesis. Additionally, globalization of CHIKV is predicated on its mode of dissemination (mosquito vector) and cross border travel and migration.

Perspectives in Micro- and Nanotechnology for Biomedical Applications is an exciting new book that takes readers inside the fast-paced world of biomedical sciences fueled by advancements in nanotechnology, polymer chemistry and pharmacology. Guided by biotech researchers Chenjie Xu and Juliana Chan, an international ensemble of leading experts in the field cover topics ranging from classical chemical tools to nanoparticles as imaging probes and drug carriers, and combinatorial screens for new lipids and polymers. At the microscale it discusses advancements in hydrogels and platform technologies such as cell ghosts.This book provides a broad perspective into the basic principles and applications of today's most promising micro- and nanotechnologies, and is an up-to-date reference book for researchers. It is also suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, patent lawyers and investors who are interested in the latest innovations taking place in the biomedical sciences, many of which may dramatically improve the lives of millions of people.