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Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs. Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book, as well as extensive references for further reading. The multivolume reference is an essential resource for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for students in the relevant fields, and maybe for interested laymen. All aspects of natural toxins based on the latest scientific knowledge are included: All aspects of the toxicology of all living organisms and natural foods, chemistry, action mechanisms, symptoms of intoxications. The only book arranged on a strictly scientific base according to the biogenetic origin and chemical structure. Natural Poisons and Venoms in 5 Volumes:Volume 1: Plant Toxins: Terpenes and Steroids 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072472-1 Volume 2: Plant Toxins: Polyketides, Phenylpropanoids and Further Compounds 2024, ISBN 978-3-11-072851-4 Volume 4: Animal Toxins 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072854-5 Volume 5: Fungal and Microbial Toxins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-072856-9

This book provides a comprehensive overview of genomics and its diverse applications. Chapters cover genomics data generation methods, computational tools, gene annotation, transcriptomics, DNA barcoding, next-generation sequencing, functional genomics, metagenomics, synthetic genomics, microarray analysis, nutrigenomics, genome editing, and more. This book offers a valuable source of information for not only beginners in genomics, but also for students, researchers, scientists, clinicians, practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders who are interested in harnessing the potential of genomics in many areas.

The book explores the intersection of nanotechnology and allergic airway diseases. With a focus on diagnosis and management, each chapter delves into specific areas of interest. Beginning with an introduction to the diseases, the book progresses to uncover the pathophysiology and immunology underlying allergic airway diseases. The epidemiology chapter provides insights into the prevalence and impact of these conditions. A significant portion of the book is dedicated to nanotechnology applications, with chapters on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, nanomicelles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanofibers, and quantum dots. These chapters delve into the potential of these nanomaterials in managing allergic airway diseases, highlighting their unique properties, and promising therapeutic approaches. Finally, the book concludes with a chapter on future directions, exploring emerging trends and potential advancements in the field. This book will be a valuable resource for academics, caregivers, researchers, and industry professionals working in the field of airway allergic diseases. It includes translational and clinical researchers, under-graduates and postgraduates (Masters), PhDs, and post-doctoral researchers of various disciplines, including pharmaceutical sciences, biotechnology, immunology, and medical and health sciences.

This book explains and discusses in simple language the structure and function of botulinum toxin and other neurotoxins as well as the rational for its utility in different disease conditions. Safety, factors affecting efficacy and duration of action, as well as cost and insurance issues are also addressed. Updates to the new edition include information on new indications, new approvals by FDA, new positive information on childhood indications, as well as data on long-term use of botulinum toxins therapy in several medical ailments (particularly migraine) that demonstrate its safety when applied properly and according to the published guidelines, are all included. In addition, two new chapters cover botulinum toxin therapy in dentistry and in veterinary medicine.

This state-of-the-art text describes the science behind the system and drug-dependent components of PBPK models, its applications in translational and regulatory science, e.g., guiding drug discovery and development, and supporting precision medicine initiatives. To incorporate state-of-the-art knowledge, each chapter is written by leaders in the field and illustrated by clear case studies. Connecting basic and applied science, this book explores the potential of PBPK modeling for improving therapeutics and is designed for a wide audience encompassing graduate students as well as biopharmaceutics scientists and clinical pharmacologists.Features:1. Provides a basic understanding of the physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling and its applications2. Assists the reader in understanding product performance to allow for rapid product development and establish bioequivalence3. Well-constructed content and added value of real examples4. Illustrates how using available resources via modeling and simulation leads to a reduction in the costs related to drug development, which directly affects the costs to patients

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the development of new pharmaceuticals and the enhancement of existing ones. It offers a comprehensive understanding of pharmaceutical biotechnology, including its underlying principles and practical applications from an industrial standpoint. While introducing the roles and applications of biotechnology in drug design and development, the book describes how developments in other fields, like genomics, proteomics, and high-throughput screening, have facilitated the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and drug development methods. It included concepts that are essential to biotechnology and apply to protein therapies. The book provides a thorough overview of the ways in which biotechnology influences drug development, production, and regulation, and is a valuable resource for those seeking to enhance their understanding in this area. This book is designed to support educators in their teaching efforts and offers a reader-friendly exploration of the various stages involved in developing new pharmaceuticals through biotechnology. This book is a valuable resource for individuals in various academic and professional careers, including undergraduates, graduates, pharmaceutical scientists, clinicians, and academic researchers. It provides convenient access to current practices in pharmaceutical biotechnology, making it particularly useful for those working in the interdisciplinary field of biochemistry, pharmacology, biopharmaceutics, and biotechnology. This book's concise and impartial content structure may also benefit corporate researchers.

Hayes'Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new edition contains updated and new chapters with the addition of new authors while maintaining the same high standards that have made this book a benchmark resource in the field. Key Features: The comprehensive yet concise coverage of various aspects of fundamental and applied toxicology makes this book a valuable resource for educators, students, and professionals. Questions provided at the end of each chapter allow readers to test their knowledge and understanding of the material covered. All chapters have been updated and over 60 new authors have been added to reflect the dynamic nature of toxicological sciences New topics in this edition include Safety Assessment of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products, The Importance of the Dose/Rate Response, Novel Approaches and Alternative Models, Epigenetic Toxicology, and an Expanded Glossary. The volume is divided into 4 major sections, addressing fundamental principles of toxicology (Section I.'Principles of Toxicology'), major classes of established chemical hazards (Section II.'Agents'), current methods used for the assessment of various endpoints indicative of chemical toxicity (Section III.'Methods'), as well as toxicology of specific target systems and organs (Section IV.'Organ- and System-Specific Toxicology'). This volume will be a valuable tool for the audience that wishes to broaden their understanding of hazards and mechanisms of toxicity and to stay on top of the emerging methods and concepts of the rapidly advancing field of toxicology and risk assessment.

The authors aim to shed light on the practicality of using machine learning in finding complex chemoinformatics and bioinformatics applications as well as identifiying AI in biological and chemical data points. The chapters are designed in such a way that they highlight the important role of AI in chemistry and bioinformatics particularly for the classification of diseases, selection of features and compounds, dimensionality reduction and more. In addition, they assist in the organization and optimal use of data points generated from experiments performed using AI techniques. This volume discusses the development of automated tools and techniques to aid in research plans. Features Covers AI applications in bioinformatics and chemoinformatics Demystifies the involvement of AI in generating biological and chemical data Provides an Introduction to basic and advanced chemoinformatics computational tools Presents a chemical biology based toolset for artificial intelligence usage in drug design Discusses computational methods in cancer, genome mapping, and stem cell research

This Handbook on cancer biology comprehensively reviews the current status of the oncobiology of major cancer types, cancer detection and treatment strategies, principles and processes of cancer drug development, and nanomedicine and other emerging cancer medicine applications to cancer diagnosis and treatment. The book also provides practical and implementable nutritional guidance in cancer prevention, treatment, and quality of life for cancer survivors. It discusses pharmacogenetics strategies for predicting cancer prognosis and treatment exposure, response, and toxicity. Further, it presents bioinformatics approaches for predicting anti-cancer drugs and drug combinations based on the multi-omic data, including transcriptomics, toxicogenomics, functional genomics, and biological networks. The Handbook also examines major factors and pathways that regulate cancer stem cells development and discusses potential targeted therapy for cancer stem cells. The book explores the application of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technique in basic cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. This Handbook is an invaluable source for oncologists, researchers, public health specialists, epidemiologists, and policy makers.​

Der Arzneiverordnungs-Report ist seit 1985 eine gemeinsame Publikation von Autoren aus Pharmakologie, Klinik, Praxis, Gesundheitsökonomie und Krankenversicherung. Basis sind die Verordnungsdaten von Arzneimitteln für ambulante Patienten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV).

For centuries, research has been conducted on the therapeutics of Brassicaceae plants and their health-promoting effects. Cato the Elder (234-149 BCE) documented their properties in his work De agri cultura and recommended using cabbage to compress wounds, swelling, burns, and bone dislocations. For arthritis, he recommended chopped raw cabbage mixed with coriander and cured cabbage mixed with vinegar and honey. In a groundbreaking discovery in the 1990s, scientists at Johns Hopkins University isolated sulforaphane from broccoli, revealing its potent anticancer properties. This naturally occurring compound has proven highly effective, safe, and tolerable and holds immense promise as a chemoprevention agent. It has the potential to combat various cancers, including breast, prostate, gastrointestinal, melanoma, lung, brain, and bladder. But its potential does not stop there. It also shows promise in treating cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes, offering hope for those affected. The cancer-protecting properties of Brassica plants are mediated through compounds that induce a variety of physiological processes, including antioxidant action, detoxifying enzymes, inducing apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Glucosinolate breakdown products can affect several stages of cancer development, including the inhibition of activation enzymes (phase I) and the induction of detoxification enzymes (phase II). Isothiocyanates and indole products formed from glucosinolates regulate cancer cell development by regulating target enzymes, controlling apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, metastasis, and the migration of cancer cells, and blocking the cell cycle. Sulforaphane, found in abundance in broccoli sprouts, plays a crucial role in upregulating the transcriptional activity of specific genes and restoring epigenetic alterations. This is particularly significant as it modifies epigenetic pathways by targeting histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases. These modifications, in turn, alter gene transcription and expression, particularly in the case of cancers. This intricate process of gene regulation is a fascinating study area, making broccoli sprouts a compelling component of the'epigenetic diet.'Sulforaphane induces the cytoprotective enzyme NQO1. The inducible expression of NQO1 is regulated principally through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. The activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway heralds the beneficial actions of drugs known to affect Nrf2 signaling, such as dimethyl fumarate, an FDA-approved treatment for multiple sclerosis, and bardoxolone methyl for chronic kidney disease. There is optimism that the overall strategies are moving forward. Sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extracts provide one avenue toward this end.

This introductory text explains both the basic science, production, quality, dosage forms, administration, economic and regulatory aspects and the clinical applications of biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals. It serves as a complete one-stop source for undergraduate/graduate pharmacists and pharmaceutical science students. An additional important audience are pharmaceutical scientists in industry and academia, particularly those who have not received formal training in pharmaceutical biotechnology and are inexperienced in this field. The rapid growth and advances in the field made it necessary to revise this textbook in order to continue providing up-to-date information and introduce readers to cutting edge knowledge and technology of this field. This Sixth Edition completely updates the previous edition and includes additional coverage on new approaches such as oligonucleotides, siRNA, mRNA, gene therapy, cell therapies, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. With more than 3-million-chapter downloads, the fifth edition of the textbook has achieved widespread distribution as a key educational resource for the field of pharmaceutical biotechnology.

Many aspects of drug safety have become an outstanding and even persistent issue and may occur during the process of both drug discovery and development. Until 15 years ago, drug discovery and evaluation was primarily a sequential process starting with the selection of the most pharmacologically active compound from a series of newly synthesized small molecule chemical series by means of distinctive pharmacological assays. Safety aspects were addressed by evaluation of the selected compound at high doses in a series of specific studies directed at indications other than the intended indication of the new compound. These tests are then followed by pharmacokinetic studies, which are primarily conducted to confirm whether the selected compound possesses a suitable half-life for sufficient exposure and efficacy and, whether it has the desired properties specificity to the intended route of administration. Safety aspects relied predominantly on the conduct of single and repeat toxicologydose studies, which inform changes in organ structure rather than organ function. Both toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies are adapted to the progress of studies in clinical pharmacology and clinical trials. The new edition of this well and broadly accepted reference work contains several innovative and distinguished chapters. This'sequential'strategy has been abandoned with this new version of the book for several reasons: - Of the possible multitude of negative effects that novel drugs may impart on organ function, e.g. ventricular tachy-arrhythmia, many are detected too late in non-clinical studies to inform clinicians. On the other hand, negative findings in chronic toxicity studies in animals may turn out to be irrelevant for human beings. - New scientific approaches, e.g. high-throughput screening, human pluripotent stem cells, transgenic animals, knock-out animals, in silico models, pharmaco-genomics and pharmaco-proteomics, as well as Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods offered new possibilities. - There are several examples, that show that the'druggability'of compounds was considerably underestimated when the probability of success of a new project was assessed. The success rate in the pharmaceutical industry and the introduction of new chemical entities to the market per year dropped dramatically, whereas the development time for a new compound increased, sometimes exceeding the patent protection. Research and development scientists, involving the following changes, therefore adopted a change of strategy: - Parallel instead of sequential involvement of the various disciplines (multidimensional compound optimization). - The term'Safety Pharmacology'was coined. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) founded a Safety Pharmacology Working Group and the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) was launched. The discipline provided for evaluation, development and validation of a multitude of safety tests outlined in the'Core Battery of Studies'. - Characterizing the exposure profile of a drug by conducting pharmacokinetic studies that evaluates the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion should to be investigated at an early stage of development as results contribute to the selection of a compound for further development. Advancements in Toxicology were achieved by the introduction of new methods, e.g., in silico methods, genetic toxicology, computational toxicology and AI. The book is a landmark in the continuously changing world of drug research and developments. As such, it is essential reading for many groups: not only for all students of pharmacology and toxicology but also for industry scientists and physicians, especially those involved in clinical trials of drugs, and for pharmacists who must know the safety requirements of drugs. &nb

This completely updated and expanded 2nd Edition provides all the information needed in order to understand the complex molecular, cellular and genetic mechanisms that underlie normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms. Its goal is to help physiologists and clinicians alike develop better preventive and treatment strategies. The respective chapters cover a broad range of topics, including the role of specific ion channels and transporters, gap junctions, intracellular Ca2+ handling in pacemaker activity, impulse conduction, and the activity of atrial and ventricular myocardium. Special emphasis is placed on the unique electrophysiology of specialized pacemaking cells and conducting fibers. In turn, several types of inherited and acquired ventricular arrhythmias are presented in detail. Clinicians will especially appreciate the updated information on even common disorders like atrial fibrillation and their impacts on human physiology. In closing, the book goes “one step further” and considers future prospects, e.g. novel antiarrhythmic agents and new concepts like optogenetics, in the context of heart rate regulation. Accordingly, it offers readers a solid reference guide to everything they need to know about human heart rate and rhythm.

Steroids are an important class of biomolecules with diverse roles and functions. Besides being important as structural and signaling molecules, these molecules hold promise against numerous disorders, including cardiovascular conditions, cancer, inflammation and autoimmune disorders. Many investigations have demonstrated that steroidal frameworks may provide lipid solubility, receptor selectivity or membrane binding properties to non-steroidal pharmacophores. However, the therapeutic use of steroids can be dangerous when they're used incorrectly. Additionally, misconceptions about steroids among athletes or recreational users can lead to steroid abuse and poor health outcomes.Steroids and their Medicinal Potential discusses the classification, distribution, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and semi-synthesis of different steroids. The medicinal potential of each class is exhaustively discussed in different chapters. The latest advances and developments in steroid-based drug discovery are also discussed thoroughly. The book aims to address general questions and concerns about steroids, providing readers a useful resource on the subject.Key Features-Provides comprehensive coverage on all aspects of steroids including steroid chemistry, biochemistry, medicinal potential, drug discovery and advances in target-binding interactions of steroid-based drugs-Includes chapters dedicated to anabolic steroids and their abuse-Designed as an accessible source of information for understanding steroidal drugs with structured chapters-Includes references for advanced readers

With chapters from experienced and internationally renowned contributors holding positions in research, industry, and clinical practice, this is the fifth edition of what has become the standard reference for cosmetic scientists and dermatologists seeking the latest innovations and technology for the formulation, design, testing, use, and production of cosmetic products for the skin. •Offers in-depth analysis of specific topics in cosmetic science and research •Presents the latest in international research and its translation to practice •Gives an indispensable guide to a hotly competitive area for research and practice

Der Arzneiverordnungs-Report ist seit 1985 eine gemeinsame Publikation von Autoren aus Pharmakologie, Klinik, Praxis, Gesundheitsökonomie und Krankenversicherung. Basis sind die Verordnungsdaten von Arzneimitteln für ambulante Patienten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV).

Deprescribing and Polypharmacy in an Aging Population supports healthcare professionals across global healthcare institutions in reducing polypharmacy-related drug replated problems (DRPs) by working with patients, families, interprofessional healthcare professionals, and educational institutions to develop, implement, test, improve upon, and educate on strategies for deprescribing and optimizing patient safety. Polypharmacy, the use of multiple medications at the same time by one person, is very common in various patient populations, including those who lack primary physicians, patients with mental health conditions, patients with multiple chronic conditions, and in the aging population. - Emphasizes the importance of involving a multidisciplinary team in deprescribing efforts - Identifies barriers and enablers for the implementation of deprescribing programs - Develops strategies to address barriers and optimize enablers for deprescribing implementation

This book discusses the role of epigenetics in pathogenesis of different pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary infections. It also explores post-translational modifications in DNA and histones for improving the understanding of lung diseases. This book helps in understanding the epigenetic mechanisms towards the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Further, the book provides insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the epigenetic regulation of inflammation, which may have novel implications in designing small molecule inhibitors that target the epigenetic machinery for the effective treatment of a variety of inflammation‑related diseases. This book is a valuable resource for academics, research and industry professionals working in respiratory biology.

This book summarizes the broad and rapidly evolving field of geriatric pharmacotherapy, which is becoming increasingly relevant for practicing physicians who care and prescribe medications for older patients. Around the globe, ageing populations are associated with an increased prevalence of chronic diseases. Older adults are often affected by multimorbidity, i.e., suffer from more than one chronic disease. The main consequence of multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which is commonly defined as the regular use of five or more medicines. Polypharmacy has now reached epidemic proportions in our societies, and is associated with an increased risk of drug-drug interactions, drug-disease interactions and adverse drug reactions. The management of polypharmacy in older patients with complex multimorbidity poses several challenges and needs to be based on specific knowledge and prescribing expertise.The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive update on thefield, and to share the expertise needed to optimize the management of pharmacotherapy in older patients.

This open access book is supported by the European Atherosclerosis Society Association (EAS). This follow-up edition of the well-received Handbook volume'Atherosclerosis: Diet and Drugs'reflects the state-of-the-art and most recent developments in atherosclerosis research. Outstanding international experts give a comprehensive overview of the field covering topics, such as improving the treatment focusing on established targets, novel drug developments addressing pre-defined targets, hypothesis-based and hypothesis-free approaches to unravel novel targets.

Nutritional Management of Renal Disease, Fourth Edition, offers in-depth reviews of the metabolic and nutritional disorders prevalent in patients with renal disease and serves as an in-depth reference source concerning nutrition and kidney disease. This classic translational reference provides correct diagnosis - and therefore correct treatment - of renal, metabolic, and nutritional disorders. Nephrologists, diebetologists, endocrinologists, dieticians, and nutritionists depend on a strong understanding of the molecular basis for the disease. This fourth edition includes thorough new case reports, offering expert advice on how to use the latest research and clinical findings in counseling patients about dietary and lifestyle options. Readers gain insight into which treatments, medications, and diets to use based on the history, progression, and genetic make-up of a patient. - Includes the latest comprehensive KDOQI clinical practice guidelines for the nutritional management of kidney disease from the National Kidney Foundation and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, covering recommendations for each essential nutrient, as well as for some nonessential nutrients - Presents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of metabolic and nutritional disorders in one reference - Provides a common language for nephrologists, nutritionists, endocrinologists, and other interested physicians to assimilate information and discuss the underlying research and translation of best practices for the nutritional management and prevention of renal disease - Saves clinicians and researchers time in quickly accessing the very latest details on nutritional practice as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles

There is a growing interest in unmet needs for the development of a new discipline in drug discovery and in university education on polypharmacology. However, there has not been a book with the comprehensive compilation of basic knowledge and advanced methodology that is needed. This book aims to meet the needs making Polypharmacology a new sub-discipline of Pharmacology, not only being a hot area of pharmacological research and education but also a new paradigm for drug discovery. It contains the contents covering the entire scope of Polypharmacology including systemic in-depth exposition of basic knowledge, novel concepts, innovative technologies, and translational and clinical applications by showcasing state-of-the-art strategies and step-by-step instructions of cutting-edge methods. The contents of this book targets broad readerships including scientists in pharmacology research and drug development, and university teachers and graduates in medical school or school of pharmacy.

The newer research areas in pharmaceutical sciences, particularly molecular modeling and simulations, prompted a more efficient drug discovery process. Informatics integrated with pharmaceutical sciences (cheminformatics and bioinformatics) became an essential component of drug research. Drug informatics such as genomics and proteomics assists in the Rational Drug Design (RDD). This emerging discipline is known as “Computer-Aided Drug Design'(CADD), which has profound application in RDD. The advanced and adequate practice in drug design informatics is essential for pharmacy graduates. Hence, a companion for acquiring knowledge on these concepts is vital. The students of B. Pharmacy, M. Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics), biotechnology, biomedical engineering and other interdisciplinary fields may find this book as a reference guide. The salient features of this book are: • Systematic and simple approach • Emphasis on traditional and modern drug design strategies • Comprehensive coverage for the current advances in the drug design • Experimental section to ensure hands-on-experienceNote: T& F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

This book covers the latest knowledge in structure, signaling, and biochemical pharmacology of KOR as well as preclinical research and clinical applications (including clinical phase studies and approved for human use) of KOR compounds. It is divided up into the three parts: Molecular aspects of KOR, Preclinical research on pharmacology of KOR agonists and antagonists in animals and KOR agonists and antagonists in clinical use and in past and present clinical trials.The chapters'Biosensors monitor ligand-selective effects at kappa opioid receptors'and'The role of dynorphin and the kappa opioid receptor in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: a translational approach'of this book are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Interest in RNA nanotechnology has increased in recent years as recognition of its potential for applications in nanomedicine has grown. Edited by the world's foremost experts in nanomedicine, this comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference details the latest research developments and challenges in the biophysical and single molecule approaches in RNA nanotechnology. In addition, the text also provides in-depth discussions of RNA structure for nanoparticle construction, RNA computation and modeling, single molecule imaging of RNA, RNA nanoparticle assembly, RNA nanoparticles in therapeutics, immunorecognition of RNA nanomaterials, RNA chemistry for nanoparticle synthesis, and conjugation and labeling. Presents the latest research and discoveries in RNA nanotechnology Features contributions from world-class experts in the field Covers RNA nanoparticles in therapeutics Describes self-assembled RNA nanoparticles

This book compiles updated research about the implications of therapeutic proteins in various human diseases. The initial chapters of the book provide basic information on the therapeutic proteins and discuss techniques for their formulation, production, and analytic approaches for their characterization. The subsequent chapters shed light on therapies based on therapeutic proteins against metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Importantly, it presents the factors influencing the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins, including, genetic factors, disease type, and origin of therapeutic protein, dose frequency, administration route, and treatment duration. The book also reviews the strategies for reducing immunogenicity associated with therapeutic proteins, including PEGylation, site specific mutagenesis, exon shuffling, and humanizing of monoclonal antibodies. Further, it presents strategies for improving the typical drawback associated with protein therapeutics including instability and limited penetration through biological barriers. This book covers various computational methods that are commonly used for designing therapeutic proteins and in silico method for predicting and improving in vivo efficacy of the therapeutic molecules. Lastly, the book highlights the recent advances in developing nanosized delivery systems to improve safety and efficacy of protein therapeutics.This book caters to students and researchers of medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences and therapeutics. It is also useful to clinicians working with therapeutic proteins.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery is a book series devoted to publishing the latest advances in cardiovascular drug design and discovery. Each volume brings reviews on the biochemistry, in-silico drug design, combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, drug targets, recent important patents, and structure-activity relationships of molecules used in cardiovascular therapy. The book series should prove to be of great interest to all medicinal chemists and pharmaceutical scientists involved in preclinical and clinical research in cardiology.Volume 6 covers the following topics:- Cardiovascular effects of ranolazine and the scope for translational research: a current review of literature- Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway and disease:- Hibernation or transformation? Challenges in cardiovascular drug development- New approaches in P2Y12 receptor blocker drugs use- Pathophysiological links between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: at the biochemical and molecular levels

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research, in particular, their applications in cancer modeling and theranostics.Over the last decades, considerable effort has been made to develop new technologies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Microfluidics has proven to be a powerful tool for manipulating biological fluids with high precision and efficiency and has already been adopted by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. With recent technological advances, particularly biosensors, microfluidic devices have increased their usefulness and importance in oncology and cancer research.The aim of this book is to bring together in a single volume all the knowledge and expertise required for the development and application of microfluidic systems and biosensors in cancer modeling and theranostics. It begins with a detailed introduction to the fundamental aspects of tumor biology, cancer biomarkers, biosensors and microfluidics. With this knowledge in mind, the following sections highlight important advances in developing and applying biosensors and microfluidic devices in cancer research at universities and in the industry. Strategies for identifying and evaluating potent disease biomarkers and developing biosensors and microfluidic devices for their detection are discussed in detail. Finally, the transfer of these technologies into the clinical environment for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients will be highlighted. By combining the recent advances made in the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research in academia and clinics, this book will be useful literature for readers from a variety of backgrounds. It offers new visions of how this technology can influence daily life in hospitals and companies, improving research methodologies and the prognosis of cancer patients.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat. Unfortunately, there are very limited approved therapeutics available with established efficacy and safety profiles against SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 vaccines aim to actively induce systemic immunization; however, the possibility or fear of side effects decreases or discourages their use. Alternative therapy via natural products, especially essential oils, could be considered safe and effective to improve health, cure ailments, and soothe your body and mind. Essential oils, which have been known for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, and antiviral properties, could possibly be useful for the symptomatic management of COVID-19. This book is vital in respect of designing approaches to protect humanity from further losses and harm due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Role of Essential Oils in the Management of COVID-19 offers a complete outline of the recent novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, its biology, and associated challenges for the prevention and treatment of novel COVID-19, with a prime focus on the possible role of essential oils in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. This book is written for everyone who needs to be thoroughly familiar with the appropriate and safe use of essential oils in COVID-19 therapy. As per the objectives of the book: The first seven chapters cover various aspects of COVID-19 infection, including epidemiology, origin, morphology, genome organization, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, preventive measures, and treatment strategies. The remaining chapters elaborate on the various aspects related to essential oils, such as chemistry, extraction methods, dispensing methods, stability, quality control, mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, pharmacokinetics, aromatherapy, and safety profiles. Prof. Ahmed Al-Harrasi is Vice Chancellor for Graduate Studies, Research and External Relations, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, and Professor of Organic Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Oman. Prof. Ahmed received his M.Sc. degree in Chemistry followed by his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Berlin. He then pursued his postdoctoral research at Cornell University. Afterward, he continued his research rigor at the University of Nizwa, where he founded the Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, which has now become a center of excellence in natural and medical sciences. While enduring his research aptitude, he has authored and co-authored more than 400 scientific papers, 2 books, and 12 book chapters of high repute.Dr. Saurabh Bhatia graduated from Kurukshetra University, followed by postgraduation from Bharati Vidyapeeth University. He received his Ph.D in Pharmaceutical Technology at Jadavpur University. He now works as an Associate Professor at Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Oman. He has 12 years of academic experience; has authored 75 articles and 9 books of repute; and filed 11 patents.

This book provides latest findings in organotypic models in drug development and provides the scientific resonance needed in an emerging field of research in disciplines, such as molecular medicine, physiology, and pathophysiology. Today the research on human-based test systems has gained major interest and funding in the EU and the US has increased over the last years. Moreover, so-called 3R (reduce, replace, refine animal experiments) centres have been established worldwide.

Multifunctional Theranostic Nanomedicines in Cancer focuses on new trends, applications, and the significance of novel multifunctional nanotheranostics in cancer imaging for diagnosis and treatment. Cancer nanotechnology offers new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Multifunctional nanoparticles harboring various functions—including targeting, imaging, and therapy—have been intensively studied with the goal of overcoming the limitations of conventional cancer diagnosis and therapy. Thus theranostic nanomedicines have emerged in recent years to provide an efficient and safer alternative in cancer management. This book covers polymer-based therapies, lipid-based therapies, inorganic particle-based therapies, photo-related therapies, radiotherapies, chemotherapies, and surgeries. Multifunctional Theranostic Nanomedicines in Cancer offers an indispensable guide for researchers in academia, industry, and clinical settings; it is also ideal for postgraduate students; and formulation scientists working on cancer. - Provides a comprehensive resource of recent scientific progress and novel applications of theranostic nanomedicines - Discusses treatment options from a pharmaceutical sciences perspective - Includes translational science and targeted CNS cancer treatment

Der Arzneiverordnungs-Report ist seit 1985 eine gemeinsame Publikation von Autoren aus Pharmakologie, Klinik, Praxis, Gesundheitsökonomie und Krankenversicherung. Basis sind die Verordnungsdaten von Arzneimitteln für ambulante Patienten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV). Datenbasis des Jahres 2020 sind ca. 820 Mio. Verordnungen von 150.363 Vertragsärzten und 62.876 Vertragszahnärzten für 73,4 Mio. GKV-Versicherte. Die allgemeine Verordnungs- und Marktentwicklung wird in 6 Kapiteln behandelt, in denen u.a. neue Arzneimittel des Jahres 2020, die Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse von onkologischen Arzneimitteln, Marktsteuerungsmechanismen und Preise von Biologika bzw. Biosimilars sowie die Klassifizierung von Arzneistoffgruppen diskutiert werden.Die Nettokosten für Arzneimittel in der GKV sind 2020 weiter um 5% auf rund 46 Mrd. € gestiegen, vor allem durch neue, hochpreisige Patentarzneimittel. Hauptkostentreiber waren Onkologika (9,5 Mrd. €, + 12,4%)und Antidiabetika (2,8 Mrd. €, + 16,8%). Ein wesentlicher Grund für die Kostenprobleme ist der seit Jahren beobachtete Anstieg der Jahrestherapiekosten neu eingeführter Arzneimittel. Dieser Trend zu hochpreisigen Patentarzneimitteln ist durch das Arzneimittelmarktneuordnungsgesetz (AMNOG) sogar 10 Jahre nach seiner Einführung nicht genügend abgeschwächt worden, auch wenn mit der Vereinbarung von Erstattungsbeträgen 2020 insgesamt 3,7 Mrd. € an Einsparungen erzielt werden konnten.

Herbal Biomolecules in Healthcare Applications presents extensive detailed information on all the vital principles, basics and fundamental aspects of multiple herbal biomolecules in the healthcare industry. This book examines important herbal biomolecules including alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, polysaccharides, tannins and polyphenolic compounds, terpenes, fats and waxes, proteins and peptides, and vitamins. These herbal biomacromolecules are responsible for different bioactivities as well as pharmacological potentials. A systematic understanding of the extraction, purification, characterization, applications of these herbal biomolecules and their derivatives in healthcare fields is developed in this comprehensive book. Chapters explore the key topics along with an emphasis on recent research and developments in healthcare fields by leading experts. They include updated literature review of the relevant key topics, good quality illustrations, chemical structures, flow charts, well-organized tables and case studies. Herbal Biomolecules in Healthcare Applications will be useful for researchers working on natural products and biomolecules with bioactivity and nutraceutical properties. Professionals specializing in scientific areas such as biochemistry, pharmacology, analytical chemistry, organic chemistry, clinics, or engineering focused on bioactive natural products will find this book useful. - Provides a study of different type of biomolecules from herbal extracts and their bioactivities as well as their application in the healthcare industry - Contributions by global leaders and experts from academia, industry and regulatory agencies, who have been considered as pioneers in the application of herbal biomolecules in the diverse healthcare fields - Includes updated literature review along with practical examples and research case studies

Protein phosphorylation via protein kinases is an inevitable process that alters physiological and pathological functions of the cells. Thus, protein kinases play key roles in the regulation of cell life or death decisions. Protein kinases are frequently a driving factor in a variety of human diseases including aging and cellular senescence, immune system and endothelial dysfunctions, cancers, insulin resistance, cholestasis and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as bacterial resistance in persistent infections. Recent developments in quantitative proteomics provide important opinions on kinase inhibitor selectivity and their modes of action in the biological context. Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death aims to have the reader catch insights about up-to-date opinions on “Protein Kinases” related pathways that threaten human health and life. As “Protein Kinases” are related to many health problems, clinicians, basic science researchers and students need this information.Chapter “Signal Transduction in Immune Cells and Protein Kinases” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book reflects the state of the art of our understanding of the WNT signaling system, which comprises a network of signaling pathways initiated by the secreted WNT lipoglycoproteins, which are crucial for embryonal development, stem cell regulation, tissue homeostasis and repair. Dysfunction of this evolutionarily conserved signaling system leads to many diseases including developmental disorders, diverse forms of cancer, fibrosis, neurodegenerative disease and many more. The WNT signaling system is built upon 19 mammalian, secreted WNT lipoglycoproteins that interact with a plethora of distinct receptors, such as the G protein-coupled receptors called Frizzleds (FZD1-10), LDL receptor-like proteins (LRP5/6), receptor tyrosine kinases (ROR1, 2, RYK and PTK7). In addition, WNT pathways are tightly regulated by many secreted and cell-intrinsic negative regulators, such as soluble FZD-related proteins (SFRPs), Dickkopfs (DKKs), WNT-inhibitory proteins, TIKI, RNF43 and more. Understanding the basic mechanism in terms of receptor-ligand interaction, receptor selectivity, signal initiation and desensitization remain poorly understood, even though substantial advances have been made the recent years. Due to the involvement of the WNT signaling system in human disease, it appears obvious to target diverse branches pharmacologically and therapeutically. However, given the complexity of the system and its importance for stem cell regulation and tissue maintenance, therapy comes with obvious risks for severe side effects. The field is addressing the challenge to identify suitable targets and selective compounds for therapy allowing disease-selective therapeutic effects and balancing unwanted side effects. This book summarizes the current understanding of the basic and applied pharmacology in the WNT signaling system and bridges disciplines such as pharmacology, physiology, neurosciences, oncology and drug development.

This book offers valuable insights into the latest concepts and findings from epidemiologic, clinical and basic studies in the burgeoning area of early-life environmental exposure and diseases. The book is divided into five parts, starting with an overview of environmental exposure measurement and evaluation, followed by a review of the effects of exposure to various substances like tobacco smoke, pesticides and metals as well as stress on offspring's health. It then discusses the developmental origins of a range of childhood diseases that affect growth, neural development and the immune system, and highlights the importance of longitudinal studies that measure exposure at potentially sensitive time points during childhood. It also provides up-to-date evidence of the intergenerational/transgenerational effects of early-life environmental exposure, especially via genetic and epigenetic pathways. Allowing readers to gain a thorough understanding of the predominating aspects of early-life environmental exposure and diseases, the book also provides a basis for developing environmental and health policies that could have wide and long-term impacts on human health.

The main goal of the present book is to deal with the role of nanobiotechnology in skin, soft tissue and bone infections since it is difficult to treat the infections due to the development of resistance in them against existing antibiotics. The present interdisciplinary book is very useful for a diverse group of readers including nanotechnologists, medical microbiologists, dermatologists, osteologists, biotechnologists, bioengineers. Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft-Tissue, and Bone Infections is divided into four sections: Section I- includes role of nanotechnology in skin infections such as atopic dermatitis, and nanomaterials for combating infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Section II- incorporates how nanotechnology can be used for soft-tissue infections such as diabetic foot ulcer and other wound infections; Section III- discusses about the nanomaterials in artificial scaffolds bone engineering and bone infections caused by bacteria and fungi; and also about the toxicity issues generated by the nanomaterials in general and nanoparticles in particular.The readers will be immensely enriched by the knowledge of new and emerging nanobiotechnologies in a variety of platforms.

This book will focus on the molecular basis of oxidative stress induced by toxicants or stresses and various molecular signalling pathways in regulating the toxicity of toxicants or stresses in Caenorhabditis elegans. It will also cover the discussion on the aspects of response signals, G-protein coupled receptors and ion channels, specific molecular signals, and epigenetic signals involved in the regulation of toxicity from toxicants or stresses. The molecular basis for adaptive response for transgenerational toxicity of environmental toxicants or stresses will be further discussed. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a classic model animal with well-described genetic and developmental backgrounds based on the study of life science, and has been further successfully and widely used in both toxicity assessment and toxicological study of various environmental toxicants or stresses. Based on related available data, this book aims at providing a systematic understanding of the knowledge system of molecular toxicology in C. elegans.

This book presents a state-of-the-art report on recent advances concerning Ganoderma and where the field is going. Although some older work is also cited, the main focus is on advances made over the past 20 years in the pharmacology and clinical applications of Ganoderma.Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries to maintain health and to treat diseases for more than two thousand years. Recently, its value has been demonstrated in preventing and treating certain diseases, such as tumors, liver disorders, renal injury, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, cerebral ischemia reperfusion, bronchitis etc. In addition, laboratory and clinical studies have confirmed that the chemical components of Ganoderma, such as Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptides and triterpenes isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, produce diverse pharmacological effects. Ganoderma and its components play an important part in antioxidant stress, radical-scavenging, immunomodulation, and intracellular signaling regulation, and accordingly warrant further study. This book systematically reviews the latest advances in our understanding of pharmacology and clinical applications of Ganoderma, and offers researchers and graduate students valuable new insights into the pharmacology and clinical applications of Ganoderma and related products.

This volume offers an overview of the various aspects involved in the ability of fungi to damage host cells, and discusses cutting-edge approaches to the study of fungal pathogenesis. The first chapter illustrate the key roles of glycans and pigments, the most abundant surface components in fungal cells, in their interactions with host cells. The connections between cellular physiology and fungal pathogenesis are then discussed in the following chapters. Physiology-related processes affecting pathogenesis include fungal secretion, morphological transitions, and response to light. In turn, the book illustrates mechanisms of damage to host cells using the Histoplasma capsulatum model of infection, and reviews the use of transcriptomic approaches to understand the mechanisms of interaction between fungal cells and host tissues. After a discussion of the immunological mechanisms underlying host susceptibility to fungal infections, the book's closing contribution reviews the mechanisms of interaction between fungi and other microbes, and the impact of this association on fungal pathogenesis. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scientists in the fields of mycology, microbiology, infectious diseases, biology and medicine.

Principles of Immunopharmacology provides a unique source of essential knowledge on the immune response, its diagnosis and its modification by drugs and chemicals. The 4th edition of this internationally recognized textbook has been revised to include recent developments, but continues the established format, dealing with four related fields in a single volume, thus obviating the need to refer to several different textbooks. The first section of the book, providing a basic introduction to immunology and its relevance for human disease, has been updated to accommodate new immunological concepts, particularly the role of epigenetics and the latest understanding of cancer immunology. The second section on immunodiagnostics offers a topical description of widely used molecular techniques and a new chapter on imaging techniques. This is followed by a systematic coverage of drugs affecting the immune system, including natural products. This third sectioncontains 15 updated chapters, covering classical immunopharmacological topics such as anti-asthmatic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressive drugs, but also deals with antibiotics, plant-derived and dietary agents, with new chapters on monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapy in sepsis and infection, drugs for soft-tissue autoimmunity and cell therapy. The book concludes with a chapter on immunotoxicology and drug safety tests.Aids to the reader include a two-column format, glossaries of technical terms and appendix reference tables. The emphasis on illustrations is maintained from the first three editions. The book is a valuable single reference for undergraduate and graduate medical and biomedical students, postgraduate chemistry and pharmacy students, researchers in chemistry, biochemistry and the pharmaceutical industry and researchers lacking basic immunological knowledge, who want to understand the actions of drugs on the immune system.

This volume connects current ideas and concepts about sleep functions and circadian rhythms with the search for novel target-selective sleep-wake therapeutics. To do so, it provides a timely, state-of-the-art overview of sleep-wake mechanisms in health and disease, ongoing developments in drug discovery, and their prospects for the clinical treatment of sleep-disordered patients. It particularly focuses on the concept that sleep and wakefulness mutually affect each other, and the future therapeutic interventions with either sleep- or wake-promoting agents that are expected to not only improve the quality of sleep but also the waking behavior, cognition, mood and other sleep-associated physiological functions.The chapter'Sleep Physiology, Circadian Rhythms, Waking Performance and the Development of Sleep-Wake Therapeutics'available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com

This book presents an overview of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), their mechanisms of antimicrobial action, other activities, and various problems that must still be overcome regarding their clinical application. Divided into four major parts, the book begins with a general overview of AMPs (Part I), and subsequently discusses the various mechanisms of antimicrobial action and methods for researching them (Part 2). It then addresses a range of activities other than antimicrobial action, such as cell penetration, antisepsis, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities (Part 3), and explores the prospects of clinical application from various standpoints such as the selective toxicity, design, and discovery of AMPs (Part 4). A huge number of AMPs have been discovered in plants, insects, and vertebrates including humans, and constitute host defense systems against invading pathogenic microorganisms. Consequently, many attempts have been made to utilize AMPs as antibiotics. AMPs could help to solve the urgent problem of drug-resistant bacteria, and are also promising with regard to sepsis and cancer therapy. Gathering a wealth of information, this book will be a bible for all those seeking to develop antibiotics, anti-sepsis, or anticancer agents based on AMPs.

This new edition of Antifungal Therapy aims at providing concise, practical, need-to-know information for busy physicians dealing with fungal infections, such as infectious disease physicians, transplant surgeons, dermatologists, and intensivists, as well as basic scientists and pharmaceutical company researchers interested in the state of antifungal therapy. It provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the pertinent issues pertaining to antifungal treatment including the basics of clinical mycology, management insights for various infections, evidence-based treatment recommendations, and helpful tables summarizing currently available pharmacokinetics data.Key Features• Features useful information on administration, dosage and pharmacology of antifungal drugs that can be difficult to use in clinical practice• Contains common Clinical Questions & Answers to highlight frequently encountered patient issues• Covers clinical mycology essentials in addition to antifungal treatment to create a well-rounded reference• Presents illustrations and clinical photos in full color to elucidate the concepts• Provides detailed evidence of treatment recommendations

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Toxicology's gold-standard text - completely updated to reflect the latest breakthroughs and discoveries A Doody's Core Title for 2019! Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, Ninth Edition equips you with an unsurpassed understanding of modern toxicology, including the key principles, concepts, mechanisms, chemical-specific toxicity, and modes of thought that are the foundation of the discipline. This trusted classic not only delivers a comprehensive review of the essential components of toxicology, it offers the most up-to-date, revealing, and in-depth look at the systemic responses of toxic substance available anywhere. Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, Ninth Edition is logically divided into seven sections: •General Principles of Toxicology •Disposition of Toxicants •Non-Organ Directed Toxicity •Target Organ Toxicity •Toxic Agents •Environmental Toxicology •Applications of Toxicology Many new contributors capture the progress made in toxicology over the past few years: This edition is markedly updated from the previous edition, with more than one-third of the chapters authored by scientists who have not made previous contributions to the book. Sharing their expertise, they deliver dynamic new coverage of the importance of apoptosis, autophagy, cytokines, growth factors, oncogenes, cell cycling, receptors, gene regulation, protective mechanisms, repair mechanisms, transcription factors, signaling pathways, transgenic mice, knock-out mice, humanized mice, polymorphisms, microarray technology, second-generation sequencing, genomics, proteomics, epigenetics, exposome, microbiota, read across, adverse outcome pathways, high-content screening, computational toxicology, innovative test methods, and organ-on-a-chip in understanding the mechanisms of toxicity and the regulation of chemicals. A true “essential” If you are in need of an up-to-date, all-in-one overview of the biomedical and environmental aspects of toxicology - written by experts, and presented in full color, your search ends here.

This book focuses on the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and their underlying physicochemical, cellular, physiological, and molecular mechanisms. Further, it covers ENMs'translocation and their targeted organ toxicology, and discusses chemical and pharmacological strategies used to combat nanotoxicity. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are defined as materials with one or more dimensions of less than 100 nm, and have shown considerable promise in several areas of development. At the same time, the potential toxicity of ENMs for human health and environmental organisms is increasingly attracting attention. In addition to the typical properties of model animals, Caenorhabditis elegans is extremely sensitive to environmental toxicants, which makes it the ideal in vivo assay system for toxicological studies. C. elegans has been widely used in toxicity assessment and toxicological studies of environmental toxicants andstresses. This book provides a comprehensive summary of nanotoxicology research on C. elegans.

A major objective of this book is to reveal unprecedented opportunities to understand and overcome drug resistance through the clinical assessment of rational therapeutic drug combinations and the use of predictive and prognostic biomarkers to enable patient stratification and tailor treatments. It offers to the readers an updated overview on the possible reasons of failure of new and promising therapeutic opportunities.

Iatrogenesis is the occurrence of untoward effects resulting from actions of health care providers, including medical errors, medical malpractice, practicing beyond one's expertise, adverse effects of medication, unnecessary treatment, inappropriate screenings, and surgical errors. This is a huge public health issue: tens to hundreds of thousands of deaths are attributed to iatrogenic causes each year in the U.S., and vulnerable populations such as the elderly and minorities are particularly susceptible. Edited by two renowned cardiology experts, Iatrogenicity: Causes and Consequences of Iatrogenesis in Cardiovascular Medicine addresses both the iatrogenicity that arises with cardiovascular interventions, as well as non-cardiovascular interventions that result in adverse consequences on the cardiovascular system. The book aims to achieve three things: to summarize the available information on this topic in a single high-yield volume; to highlight the human and financial cost of iatrogenesis; and to describe and propose potential interventions to ameliorate the effects of iatrogenesis. This accessible book is a practical reference for any practicing physician who sees patients with cardiovascular issues..

Total Quality Management (TQM) and systems thinking are being used to improve all aspects of human health. This first book in a two-volume set details how the healthcare community is working with patients and their caregivers to improve healthcare and reduce its costs. Systems-based thinking encourages us to work together to look at the effects of new drugs on entire systems and not just single molecular targets. It also leads us to a better understanding of genetics and epigenetics, as well as the deep ecology of the human body. The healthcare community is developing targeted therapies that stimulate our own bodies to cure ourselves and eliminate the need for animal testing. This book will appeal to specialists, who will find recommendations on safer materials for 3D bioprinting and ways to analyze dietary supplements for toxic contaminants, and physicians, pharmacists and non-professionals, who will learn the important different ways that dietary supplements and prescription drugs are developed, sold and marketed.