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RAP-27 Hot Topics presents 33 peer-reviewed, evidence-based and state-of-the-art chapters contributed by 53 experts. The chapters review the depth and breadth of knowledge in contemporary issues in pediatrics with special reference to the Indian subcontinent. The contents are stimulating, mature and, at places, provocative for encouraging further discussion, research and innovation. The book with a multidisciplinary approach in a holistic and easy-to-grasp manner, provides an academic feast that contributes to the RAP series goal of translating advances in the field from bench side to bedside, nay to the community at large, and the eventual beneficiary.

Respiratory care is the largest overall component of neonatal intensive care, and the fifth edition of the Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care is the leading bedside guide for all aspects of respiratory care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Its easy-to-read outline format is simple yet comprehensive and covers all aspects of lung disease in the newborn infant, including embryology, principles of mechanical ventilation, procedures and techniques, monitoring, devices, adjunctive therapies, management of respiratory illness, complications, outcomes, and related issues. The latest edition includes fully revised and updated information, coverage on new equipment and devices, and an expanded authorship to enhance its international appeal. The new edition also features two new co-editors, Dr. Mark Mammel and Dr. Anton Van Kaam, internationally recognized experts in the field who bring a fresh perspective to the manual. Divided into sixteen sections, the book begins with a section on lung development and maldevelopment, specifically covering the development of the respiratory system, malformations, deformations, disorders of the neonatal airway, and developmental lung anomalies. The second section reviews the principles of mechanical ventilation, with coverage on such topics as spontaneous breathing, oxygen therapy, oxygen toxicity, pulmonary mechanics, and ventilator parameters. The third section of the manual outlines procedures and techniques, including neonatal resuscitation, laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, and tracheostomy. The following section dives into the monitoring of the ventilated patient, specifically focusing on continuous monitoring techniques, clinical controversies in pulse oximetry, and echocardiography. The next section spotlights noninvasive ventilatory techniques, such as nasal interfaces, humidified high-flow nasal cannula therapy, and sustained inflation. The sixth section of the manual focuses on ventilatory modes and modalities, with coverage on intermittent mandatory ventilation, pressure support ventilation, and pressure control ventilation. The following section segues into high-frequency ventilation, reviewing general concepts, high-frequency jet ventilation, and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The eighth section centers around commonly used neonatal ventilators, such as the DRAEGER VN500 ventilator, the AVEA ventilator, and the Twinstream ventilator. The ninth section reviews adjunctive therapies, including hemodynamic support, nutritional support, the use of sedation and analgesia, inhaled nitric oxide therapy, and ECMO. The tenth section shifts gears to spotlight the management of common neonatal respiratory diseases, with chapters on mechanisms of respiratory failure, tissue hypoxia, respiratory distress syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary hypoplasia/agensis among others. Section eleven reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as well as the long-term outcome of newborns with this chronic lung disease. The next section presents complications associated with mechanical ventilation, such as thoracic air leaks, neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage, and neurologic complications. The following two sections spotlights ethical, legal and other considerations, among them nursing care of the ventilated infant, long-term ventilator dependency, home ventilation, withdrawal of ventilatory support, and medical liability and risk management. The fifteenth section focuses on research and literature, with coverage on interpreting medical literature, data collection and assessment of respiratory outcomes, and contemporary classics in neonatal respiratory care. The final section presents ventilatory case studies. The text also features over 300 high-yield radiographic images, figures, tables, and algorithms.

Written and edited by leading physicians, Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession, 9th Edition, offers comprehensive, dependable information and guidance in this multifaceted field. Award-winning author and co-founder of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, Dr. Ruth Lawrence, and her son, Dr. Rob Lawrence, ensure that you're brought fully up to date on everything from basic data on the anatomical, physiological, biochemical, nutritional, immunological, and psychological aspects of human lactation, to the problems of clinical management of breastfeeding—all in a highly readable, easily accessible desk reference. - Helps you make appropriate drug recommendations, treat conditions associated with breastfeeding, and provide thoughtful guidance to the breastfeeding mother according to her circumstances, problems, and lifestyle. - Includes numerous charts and tables throughout, with an emphasis on the scientific, chemical, and physiological underpinnings of breastfeeding. Appendices contain additional charts and tables, including the complete collection of clinical protocols on breastfeeding and human milk from the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. - Features new chapters on breast conditions and their management in the breastfeeding mother, breastfeeding and chest-feeding for LGBTQ+ families, breastfeeding during disasters, and establishing a breastfeeding practice or academic department. - Provides significant updates on physiology and biochemistry of lactation; medications and herbal preparations in breast milk; transmission of infectious disease through breast milk; allergy and its relationship with breastfeeding, exposure, and avoidance; premature infants and breastfeeding; and practical management of the mother-infant nursing couple. - Offers authoritative and fresh perspectives from new associate editors: neonatologist Dr. Larry Noble, obstetrician Dr. Alison Stuebe, and pediatrician and lactation specialist Dr. Casey Rosen-Carole. - Covers patient-centered counseling, the cellular composition of human breast milk, microbiota of the breast and human milk, and the multifunctional roles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Offering the comprehensive, authoritative information needed for effective diagnosis, treatment, and management of sick and premature infants, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 6th Edition, is an invaluable resource for board review, clinical rounds, scientific research, and day-to-day practice. This trusted two-volume text synthesizes recent advances in the field into definitive guidance for today's busy practitioner, focusing on the basic science needed for exam preparation and key information required for full-time practice. It stands alone as the most complete text available in this complex and fast-changing field, yet is easy to use for everyday application. - Offers definitive guidance on how to effectively manage the many health problems seen in newborn and premature infants. - Contains new chapters on Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease, Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease, and Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells, as well as significantly revised chapters on Cellular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury, Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia, Enteric Nervous System Development and Gastrointestinal Motility, and Physiology of Twin-Twin Transfusion. - Features 1,000 full-color diagrams, graphs and anatomic illustrations, 170+ chapters, and more than 350 global contributors. - Includes chapters devoted to clinical correlation that help explain the implications of fetal and neonatal physiology, as well as clinical applications boxes throughout. - Provides summary boxes at the end of each chapter and extensive cross-referencing between chapters for quick reference and review. - Allows you to apply the latest insights on genetic therapy, intrauterine infections, brain protection and neuroimaging, and much more.

The latest edition of this textbook provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of the major issues specific to the field of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition. The textbook begins with a section on gastroenterology and nutrition that presents the overall scope of issues encountered in children suffering from disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and/or presenting nutritional issues, as well as current and future prospects on the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics. The second section is centered around hepatology, reviewing congenital and acquired disorders of the biliary tract and liver, as well as analyzing available diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and future perspectives.Written by experts in the field, Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition: A Comprehensive Guide, Second Edition is an indispensable resource for students, trainees, and clinicians, sure to distinguish itselfas the definitive reference on this topic.

This textbook addresses the themes that are at the forefront of neonatal clinical care and research, based on natural divisions in care during pregnancy, and postnatally by gestational age at birth. The book offers a unique approach, in that it proposes discussion of important general principles underpinning neonatal care that are not addressed in most general neonatology textbooks, such as ethical issues, counselling, effective training methods, quality and safety, among other subjects. These are fundamental aspects and challenges that need to be appreciated by senior clinicians. A chapter authored by parents describing their perspectives of neonatal intensive care is unique and will be highly educational, with the potential to influence the way in which individuals view and deliver neonatal care. The authors discuss common and important conditions, to promote adoption of sound evidenced based practice where this is available. However, where evidence is limited, as isthe case in many areas of neonatal practice, the authors aim to encourage critical thinking and evidence appraisal, which are necessary skills for busy clinicians wishing to filter evidence to guide delivery of care. This text is suitable for senior trainees wishing to pursue a career in neonatal medicine, early career neonatologists and paediatricians with an interest in neonatology. It is also of interest to established neonatologists wishing to update their neonatal knowledge. The content is based on the RCPCH Level 3 curriculum, and addresses important topical and/or controversial aspects of neonatal care.

Published in 1981: The main topic of the book is the growth of white adipose tissue as a whole as well as the level of the local fat depots.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The first neonatal handbook to focus on clinical protocols and best management practices Clinical Guidelines in Neonatology provides a compilation of the most current and authoritative clinical care recommendations for the neonatal patient. The goals of this innovative text are to help deliver effective, evidence-based neonatal care; foster consensus in practice; and to enable clinicians to deliver the best value for every healthcare dollar spent. Readers will find it to be a comprehensive source of clinical recommendations, care paths, and guidelines to help them manage the most commonly encountered neonatal conditions. Spanning all major areas of neonatal care, Clinical Guidelines in Neonatology bypasses dense explanations in favor of high yield text and ready-to-apply evidence-based management guidelines. Chapters follow a uniform presentation of neonatal conditions that include the scope, major recommendations, implementation of guidelines into practice, summary, and bibliographic sources. Features: •Chapters focus on clinical management practices and evidence-based supporting data rather than lengthy descriptions of disease and practice•Covers all major areas of neonatal and perinatal medicine, including antenatal and perinatal management; neonatal transition; nutrition, fluids, and electrolytes; respiratory distress; cardiovascular disorders; blood disorders; infections; endocrine and metabolic disorders; and neurological issues•Text is supplemented by evidence-based diagnostic and treatment algorithms, detailed illustrations, and clinical images

This second edition of Freemark's text embodies all of the strengths of the original work but is deeper and broader in scope, with new chapters on emerging themes including metabolomics, genomics, and the roles of gastrointestinal hormones, the microbiome, brown adipose tissue, and endocrine disruptors in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Reviews of the effects of weight excess on cognitive performance and immune function complement detailed analyses of the biochemical and molecular pathways controlling the development of childhood adiposity and metabolic disease. Critical assessments of nutritional interventions (including new chapters on infant feeding practices and vegetarian diets) and superb reviews of behavioral counseling, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery provide practical guidance for the management of overweight children. Penetrating analyses of the obesity epidemic in its social, cultural, economic, and political contexts highlight challenges and opportunities forobesity prevention and community action. The perspective is international in scope and reflects the expertise and experience of many of the leading figures in the field.Comprehensive and up-to-date, this new edition of Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment will be an invaluable guide for all healthcare providers and policy makers concerned with the evaluation and care of children with nutritional and metabolic disease and with the societal implications of the obesity epidemic.

This landmark book, a reference work now in its second edition, provides healthcare practitioners in neonatology with an up-to-date, comprehensive source of readily accessible practical advice that will assist in the expert management of patients and their diverse illnesses. Leading experts in their fields discuss the underlying causes and mechanisms and all aspects of the treatment of the full range of neonatal diseases and abnormalities, citing the evidence base whenever appropriate. In addition, detailed information is provided on epidemiology and fetal medicine; therapeutic issues such as the organization of care, transport services, and home care after discharge; legal issues; nutrition; and the consequences of medication use during pregnancy, maternal drug abuse and smoking, and maternal diabetes. The inclusion of summaries, tables, and carefully selected guidelines and recommendations will supply practitioners with quick references and instant solutions during daily practice. The book will be a superb resource for all involved in the care of newborn babies, including neonatologists, pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, anesthesiologists, midwives, and nursing staff. It is published within the SpringerReference program, which delivers access to living editions constantly updated through a dynamic peer-review publishing process.

The latest edition of this popular book covers the “how-to” of respiratory care of newborns. Chapters from the previous edition have been updated to reflect advances in both equipment and practice, while newer chapters reflect the evolving worldwide approaches to neonatal respiratory failure, such as sustained inflation, optimization of lung volume, and the use of volumetric capnography, aerosol therapy, and management of chylothorax. New additions to the book also include chapters on assessment of large data bases, implementation of quality improvement programs in neonatal respiratory care, chronic ventilation of the baby with non-respiratory failure. The text also features case studies for self-review and is illustrated with high quality radiographic images, figures, tables, and algorithms. Written and edited by international experts, the Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care, Fourth Edition is a thorough update and remains a convenient source of practical information on respiratory physiology, exam techniques, tips for performing procedures, radiography, ventilation, pain management, transport, and discharge planning.

Protein plays a vital role in growth and development and is able to'program'healthy growth by influencing gene methylation for positive long-term health outcomes. The understanding of these mechanisms is critical to support and improve the health of future generations in both the short and long term.The first part of this book reviews the role of hydrolyzed proteins in infant feeding and the evidence-based benefits of their use in non-breastfed infants at risk of allergy and in infants with functional gastrointestinal disorders. The second part focuses on human milk and its potential alternatives in the feeding of healthy term infants. The final section is dedicated to preterm infants, their nutrition needs, and physiological capacities to ingest adequate amounts of protein for appropriate growth and development. Presenting the latest scientific findings on protein in early nutrition, this publication provides essential reading for pediatricians and researchers alike.

The field of pediatric nutrition has developed into an area essential to the components of academic pediatric programs throughout the world. Fundamental aspects of health and disease are strongly related to the'nutritional environment'(nutritional status and dietary intake). Nutrition in Pediatrics, 5th edition provides a comprehensive and accessible approach to pediatric nutrition.The 5th edition continues the expansion of the section on pediatric obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment and treatment. It includes new chapters on celiac disease, food allergies, and iron.This edition also includes expanded and updated chapters on international nutrition, including focused chapters on nutrition in low- and middle-income countries.The text is divided into seven sections: General Concepts in Pediatric Nutrition, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Perinatal Nutrition, Obesity, Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Nutritional Aspects of Specific Disease States, and Approach to Nutritional Support. KEY FEATURES The valuable and comprehensive appendices—Nutritional Assessment, Nutritional Requirements, and Enteral Products—have been retained and updated in the new edition.Chapters new to this edition include'Functional Food Ingredients: Probiotics, Prebiotics, Nutraceuticals, and Phytochemicals';'Diet, Environment, and Gut Microbiota in the Metagenomic Era';'Childhood Obesity Prevention'; and'Nutrition Support Teams.'The previous edition's chapter on international nutrition has been expanded into a new section on nutrition in low- and middle-income countries, with the following new chapters:'The Nutrition Transition and Global Child Health,''Infant and Young Child Feeding in Low- and Middle-Income Countries,''Child Nutrition and Economic Development,''Global Interventions in Child Health,'and'Obesity in Developing Economies.'

The most authoritative, trusted guide to breastfeeding for the medical profession Stay informed on every aspect of breastfeeding, from basic data on the anatomical, physiological, biochemical, nutritional, immunological, and psychological aspects of human lactation, to the problems of clinical management of breastfeeding. Learn from the award-winning author and co-founder of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, Dr. Ruth Lawrence, and her son, Dr. Rob Lawrence. Make appropriate drug recommendations, including approved medications, over-the-counter medications, and herbal remedies. Provide thoughtful guidance to the breastfeeding mother according to her circumstances, problems, and lifestyle from integrated coverage of evidence-based data and practical experience. Find what you need quickly with a new, streamlined approach that moves large tables and key references online. Treat conditions associated with breastfeeding and effectively manage the use of medications during lactation thanks to extensive, up-to-date, evidence-based information.

Low birthweight, caused by premature birth, poor intrauterine growth, or both, is known to be a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality risks in the first year of life and beyond. It has to be born in mind, though, that premature infants may need different clinical and nutritional interventions and are at risk for different morbidities than those small for gestational age. This publication focuses on three main subjects: Global epidemiology, catch-up growth, and feeding practices. These topics have been selected to provide a solid contextual basis for the nature and extent of the problem, highlighting changes in prevalence and risk across different healthcare settings: The available data strongly suggest that growth outcomes are dependent on a multitude of environmental factors that interact with nutrient intakes. Epidemiology, modern technology and the latest science are brought together to promote a better understanding of the short- and long-term needs and outcomes of low-birthweight babies, depending on whether they are born too small or too early.

This textbook provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of the major issues specific to the field of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition. The first part of the book, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, presents in a systematic way the overall scope of issues encountered by children (newborn to teenagers) suffering from disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and/or presenting nutritional issues. These chapters are structured in logical sections to facilitate consultation and include major topics ranging from congenital disorders to gastrointestinal problems of the newborn, infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and approach to nutritional problems in the various pediatric ages. The second part of the book, Hepatology, is articulated in a series of chapters which present a comprehensive review of congenital and acquired disorders of the biliary tract and liver. This section also includes a critical analysis of available diagnostic andtherapeutic procedures and future perspectives.Written by experts in the field, Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition: A Comprehensive Guide to Practice constitutes a much needed, innovative resource combining updated, reliable and comprehensive information with agile consultation for a streamlined approach to the care of children with such disorders.

Improve medical and developmental outcomes in high-risk infants with evidence-based management strategies Beyond the NICU is the first book to deliver practical, evidence-based strategies for healthcare providers caring for the NICU graduate during convalescence and after discharge. It is a guide to the successful transition of a high-risk infant from intensive care to the intermediate-level nursery, and then, to help the child thrive outside of the hospital in a home environment. To advance the standard of care of these vulnerable patients, Beyond the NICU draws together clinically focused guidelines to improve patient outcomes and reduce hospital readmissions. Drawing on an international team of respected authorities, Beyond the NICU provides the strategies necessary to ensure the success of convalescing NICU graduates in both inpatient and outpatient settings.

New 14th Edition! Keep up with current practice guidelines and policies from the American Academy of Pediatrics with the latest, most up-to-date edition of this clinical reference classic. This evidence-based decision-making tool for managing common pediatric conditions has been revised and updated for 2014, with the latest clinical practice guidelines for more than 30 conditions, plus every AAP policy statement, clinical report, and technical report through December 2013. Updated and expanded for 2014 including:- 3 new pediatric clinical practice guidelines including Management of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Children and Adolescents Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media Diagnosis and Management of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in Children Aged 1 to 18 Years- New Periodicity Schedule- Full text of more than 60 new or revised AAP policies- CD-ROM includes the full text of more than 400 AAP clinical practice guidelines, policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports. - More than 30 clinical practice guidelines including Sleep Apnea guideline, as well as ADHD, bronchiolitis, dysplasia of the hip, gastroenteritis, otitis media, urinary tract infection, and more.- 2014 immunization schedule.

Improved conditions of care for premature infants have led to markedly increased survival rates over the last few decades, particularly in very low and extremely low birth weight infants. Nutritional measures play a central role in the long-term outcome, health and quality of life of these premature infants. In this publication, leading experts from all 5 continents present the most recent evidence and critical analyses of nutrient requirements and the practice of nutritional care (with the focus on very low birth weight infants) to provide guidance for clinical application. After the introductory chapters, covering nutritional needs and research evidence in a more general manner, topics such as amino acids and proteins, lipids, microminerals and vitamins, parenteral and enteral nutrition as well as approaches to various disease conditions are addressed. Due to its focus on critical appraisals and recommendations, this book is of interest not only for the researcher who wants to keep up to date, but also for the clinician faced with premature infants in his practice.

Few people doubt that the mother's milk provides the best food for the full-terrn infant during the first few months of life, when the digestive, absorptive and excretory systems are relatively immature. The develop­ ment of the digestive enzymes is detailed in Chapter 4. The significance of this immaturity first emerged as a consequence of the pioneering work of Professor Robert McCance and Dr Elsie Widdowson in human nutrition, when they studied the electrolyte and nitrogen excretion of babies and young animals. To quote Professor McCance,'Inefficient though the kidneys were by adult standards, they were capable ofmaintaining homeo­ stasis, provided the infant and animals were growing while being fed on food of exactly the right composition - that is, the milk of the mother.'(Ashwell, 1993). One should not forget that although the mother protects the developing baby against much nutritional abuse, the baby may be still be affected by matemal nutrition, and this is discussed in Chapter 2. The superior qualities of breast milk are still recognized, and research continues to discover yet more factors in breast milk significant to the health of the baby for possible inclusion in formulas. The immature stage of development ofthe baby means that while enough nutrients for optimal growth of all tissues are required, excessive quantities may cause intoxica­ tion. Tight specifications are essential, since unlike the adult the newbom depends on a single food.

Four years ago the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) brought together a group of scientists to Belmont, Maryland to examine the status of human milk banking. During those deliberations, the idea was generated to organize a series of research conferences concerning human lactation and the composition and biological effects of human milk. The first one, organized by Robert G. Jensen from the University of Connecticut and Margaret C. Neville from the University of Colorado, dealt with methodologic issues. An additional meeting to explore the effects of maternal and environmental factors upon human lactation and the composition of human milk was organized by Margit Hamosh from Georgetown University and me, and was held in January, 1986 in Oaxaca, Mexico. Those meetings provided the foundation for the design of the present conference,'The Effects of Human Milk Upon the Recipient Infant'. In addition to a grant from the NICHD, the conference was generously supported by Milupa AG from the Federal Republic of Germany; Wyeth Limited and Mead Johnson of Canada; and Ross Laboratories, Heinz USA, the Mead Johnson Nutritional Group, Wyeth International Limited, Gerber Products Company, the La Leche League International, Glaxo Incorporated and Sandoz Pharmaceutical Corporation from the United States.

Sixth Nutricia-Cow & Gate Symposium, Leuven, Belgium

After 17 years, the Nutricia Symposium retumed to its horne grounds in The of the 10th Nutricia Netherlands, where the first five Symposia were held. The objective Symposium was to bring together a limited number of opinion leaders and key researchers in selected topics of infant nutrition to discuss the current state of the art based on original contributions and reviews. The discussion sessions after the papers were taped and edited and may give additional information and views. As a result of time constraints, the discussions on a few papers had to be cut short, or, unfortunately, could not take place at all. Nevertheless, we strongly recommend reading the discussion sections, such as the panel discussion on the requirements for LCPUFA for term and/or preterm infants. During the preparation of the Symposium the sad news that Professor J. H. P. Jonxis died prompted the organisers to dedicate one special lecture to the memory of the principal organiser of the first four Nutricia Symposia. This lecture entitled'What determines the production and composition ofbreast milk?'was given by Dr. Kathleen Moti!. Acknowledgement should be made to the co-organizers and co-chairmen Professor Sir David HuH, Professor Pieter Sauer and Dr. Terence Stephenson for their contri­ bution. Finally, without mentioning names, the editors wish to thank a number of persons within the Nutricia organization without whom the Symposium and its Pro­ ceedings would not have been possible.

th th st. On December 19,20 and 21 1979, we had the opportunlty to organize a Workshop on'Antenatal factors affecting meta­ bolic adaptation to extrauterine life - Role of carbohydra­ tes and energy metabolism'. This meeting was made possible thanks to grants from the Committee of Medical Research and Public Health (CRM) of the Commission of European Communi­ ties. We want to express our warmst gratitude for the effort that has been made and we hope that the exchange of information between the participants will allow better understanding of the mechanism of adaptation to extrauterine life and that the conclusions drawn will contribute to a better care of the newborn. Adaptation to extrauterine life is one of the most impor­ tant steps in life. At the moment of birth, numerous conditions are drastically changed and in order to survive the newborn has to rely upon new sources of energy and of substrates. This switch over has to occur smoothly and any adaptation failure will result in the disturbance of impor­ tant metabolic functions. Mortality and morbidity in neo­ natal period remain still very high in comparison with the figures observed later in life; the reduction of mortality has been much more important in child and adult than in neonates.

This popular book covers the “how-to” of the respiratory care of newborns in outline format. It includes case studies for self-review and is illustrated with high quality radiographic images, figures, tables, and algorithms. Written and edited by international experts, the Third Edition is a thorough update and remains a convenient source of practical information on respiratory physiology, exam techniques, tips for performing procedures, radiography, ventilation, pain management, transport, and discharge planning.·Up-to-date clinical information from world experts·Case studies·Easy-to-consult outline format·Condensed information about all of the major mechanical ventilators (e.g., modes, displays, and alarms)“The extent of coverage, easy readability, superb organization [and] …practical pearls make [this book] worthwhile…simply a great bargain.” --Journal of Perinatology (review of a previous edition)

This new textbook wants to offer to neonatologists and pediatricians a modern and complete view of the various problems and aspects of neonatology, currently one of the most complex and advanced fields of pediatrics. The first chapters will be dedicated to the epidemiology of neonatal mortality and morbidity and to the conditions responsible for neonatal risk. A section will be devoted to organizational problems of hospitals and home services for efficient modern neonatal and infant care. Particular attention will be paid to neonatal care, medico-legal questions, examination of newborns and current availability of laboratory facilities and instrumentation for identification of perinatal abnormalities. Neonatal nutritional problems will also be examined, outlining current knowledge of the needs of sick and healthy babies. Conditions jeopardizing fetal health such as diabetes, maternal drug abuse and smoking will be discussed. New advances in neonatal pharmacology will be extensively examined. Various diseases of the neonate involving lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract, blood, immune system, endocrine system and kidneys will be also expounded in special chapters. Fetal and neonatal infections will be extensively discussed. Fetal and neonatal neurological abnormalities will be discussed by highly specialized authors. There will be chapters on neonatal ophthalmology, dermatology and orthopedics. Each chapter has beeb written by a well recognized international expert in his or her field. As the opinion leader in their field, the Author is responsible for giving the most up-to-date information in terms of what is known, what is still being researched, and what has become evidence based medicine. Underlying causes and mechanisms of neonatal diseases will be presented in an immediate form. The use of summaries, tables, and accurately selected guidelines or recommendations that will accompany the text will supply quick references and instant solutions to the concerned neonatologists during their daily practice.

In the course of history, humans have attempted to interrupt the physiological and psychological bond formed between a nursing mother and her child by substituting breastfeeding with artificial formulas. A growing body of evidence indicates that breast milk, quite apart from its unsurpassed nutritive value, contains a large number of substances that protect the offspring from common infectious agents and allergens and promote the maturation of the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system. In addition to well described milk antibodies and soluble mediators of innate immunity, milk cells and pluripotent secreted factors - cytokines - are currently in the forefront of extensive research with respect to their importance in milk immunology. The purpose of this conference was to critically evaluate the current state of our knowledge concerning the protective role of immune agents found in milk, to provide up-to-date information of milk factors with respect to their role in the maturation of immunological defense systems in the neonate, and to reassess the importance of breastfeeding in the prevention of allergies in formula-fed infants. We hope that the work presented by international participants will prompt many new ideas and stimulate further research in this important area. This conference was sponsored primarily by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. We would like to thank Drs. Sumner Yaffe and Delbert Dayton for their efforts with the organization, planning, and support of this conference.

Gastroenterology and Nutrition, a volume in Dr. Polin's Neonatology: Questions and Controversies Series, offers expert authority on the toughest neonatal gastroenterologic and nutritional challenges you face in your practice. This medical reference book will help you provide better evidence-based care and improve patient outcomes with research on the latest advances.Reconsider how you handle difficult practice issues with coverage that addresses these topics head on and offers opinions from the leading experts in the field, supported by evidence whenever possible. Find information quickly and easily with a consistent chapter organization. Get the most authoritative advice available from world-class neonatologists who have the inside track on new trends and developments in neonatal care.Stay current in practice with coverage on what the controversies are and where the field is moving in terms of basic intestinal development and nutritional requirements for the neonate.

Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, written and edited by Drs. Remington, Klein, Wilson, Nizet, and Maldonado, remains the definitive source of information in this field. The 7th edition of this authoritative reference provides the most up-to-date and complete guidance on infections found in utero, during delivery, and in the neonatal period in both premature and term infants. Special attention is given to the prevention and treatment of these diseases found in developing countries as well as the latest findings about new antimicrobial agents, gram-negative infections and their management, and recommendations for immunization of the fetus/mother. Nationally and internationally recognized in immunology and infectious diseases, new associate editors Nizet and Maldonado bring new insight and fresh perspective to the book. Get the latest information on maternal infections when they are pertinent to the infant or developing fetus, including disease transmission through breastfeeding Diagnose, prevent, and treat neonatal infectious diseases with expert guidance from the world's leading authorities and evidence-based recommendations. Incorporate the latest findings about infections found in utero, during delivery, and in the neonatal period. Find the critical answers you need quickly and easily thanks to a consistent, highly user-friendly format Get fresh perspectives from two new associate editors—Drs. Yvonne Maldonado, head of the Pediatric Infectious Disease program at Stanford, and Victor Nizet, Professor of Pediatrics & Pharmacy at University of California, San Diego and UCSD School of Medicine. Keep up with the most relevant topics in fetal/neonatal infectious disease including new antimicrobial agents, gram- negative infections and their management, and recommendations for immunization of the fetus/mother. Overcome the clinical challenges in developing countries where access to proper medical care is limited. Apply the latest recommendations for H1N1 virus and vaccines. Identify and treat infections with the latest evidence-based information on fighting life-threatening diseases in the fetus and newborn infants.

'Policy of the American Academy of Pediatrics'--title page.

This exciting new reference brings you information about the most controversial gastroenterology and nutrition challenges you face in your practice. The book confidently tackles these subjects and gives seasoned advice on the latest diagnostic and treatment strategies using evidence-based medicine wherever possible. It gives you the latest information you need to keep pace with the fast-paced, dynamic environment of neonatology.Addresses controversial topics head on, so you can decide how to handle these difficult practice issues.Serves as the bridge between the latest cutting-edge research and its application to clinical practice. Assembles a world-class group of neonatologists, representing the true leaders of the specialty, to ensure the most authoritative content available.

Completely revised new edition of the premier reference on pediatric liver disease. Liver Disease in Children, 3rd Edition provides authoritative coverage of every aspect of liver disease affecting infants, children, and adolescents. The book offers an integrated approach to the science and clinical practice of pediatric hepatology and charts the substantial progress in understanding and treating these diseases. Chapters are written by international experts and address the unique pathophysiology, manifestations, and management of these disorders in the pediatric population. The third edition has been thoroughly updated and features new contributions on liver development, cholestatic and autoimmune disorders, fatty liver disease, and inborn errors of metabolism. With the continued evolution of pediatric hepatology as a discipline, this text remains an essential reference for all physicians involved in the care of children with liver disease.

During the last two decades the increase in allergic diseases in children, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma, has been drastic. However, this is not true for the entire world: the incidence of allergies in children has risen only in developed countries. The observation of this socio-geographic discrepancy has led to careful study of the environmental differences that exist between the diverse settings in which children are born and has resulted in the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis': the ‘sterility'of modern hospitals and birth places in the developed world might lead to a lack of microbial stimulation required for the development of a balanced mucosal immune response, including expansion of T-helper (Th) cell subsets that can mediate immune responses. Therefore, this workshop was held to consider in depth the environmental factors that influence the changing pattern of worldwide childhood allergy. This publication is a valuable source of knowledge and update for nutritionists, pediatricians, immunologists, microbiologists, as well as professionals concerned with preventive medicine.

Taking a global approach to the subject, this book offers, in a comprehensive, cohesive package, information that is reflective of the different realities of gastroenterological and nutritional problems in different parts of the world. Designed to provide clinical knowledge in a convenient format, the chapters highlight the most common clinical concerns seen on a daily basis by the practicing pediatric gastroenterologist. Covering issues relevant for the diagnosis and treatment of a full range of problematic conditions, including nutritional disorders, the book is an up-to-date, reliable clinical primer on the disorders and diseases that may affect the gastrointestinal tract in neonates and children.

Now in its third edition, this is a comprehensive survey of fetal and neonatal brain injury arising from hypoxia, ischemia or other causes. The publication spans a broad range of areas from epidemiology and pathogenesis, through to clinical manifestations and obstetric care, and then on to diagnosis, long-term outcomes, and medico-legal aspects. An important theme running throughout is to highlight scientific and clinical advances that have a role to play in minimising risk, improving clinical care and outcomes. The text describes how placental abnormalities, imaging studies and laboratory measurements can identify the timing and severity of the injury event. Despite these advances, fetal and neonatal brain injury remains a major concern with devastating consequences. It is hoped that this definitive account will provide the clinician not only with a better understanding of the mechanisms involved but also with the best available knowledge necessary to deal with this intractable problem.

Today about 20-30% of the population are affected by allergies, a concerning fact that is confirmed by recent epidemiological data. This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium ‘The Atopy Syndrome in the Third Millennium'held in Zurich in October 1998. It focuses on IgE-mediated allergy, beginning from the first manifestation of atopy, atopic eczema in infancy, and leading to its manifestations in children, adolescents and adults, to hay fever, asthma and food allergy. The topics covered give an update and comprehensive review of the different atopic manifestations concerning clinic, diagnosis, pathomechanisms, treatment and prevention. Summarizing the current knowledge on the fascinating and rapidly progressing field of atopy this publication is essential reading for dermatologists, allergologist, otorhinolaryngologists, and pediatricians.