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Glucose transporters play an important role in the metabolism of both humans and animals. These membrane proteins mediate the transport of several substances, such as monosaccharides, inositols, vitamins, and iodide, across the plasma membrane. Disturbances in expression and function of these carrier proteins usually cause severe or even fatal outcomes. This book discusses a series of current issues regarding the correlations between the expression of these transporters and diseases, including the role of glucose transporters as a potential anticancer and antidiabetic therapeutic target. By presenting a clear review of the correlation between glucose transporter-health and disease, the book will serve to draw more biomedical scientists, physicians, pharmacologists, physiologists, and students to dedicate their research to the role of glucose transporters in human health and disease.