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This unique compilation focuses on a very curious organ, the ovary. There are still many unknown facts about the origins of ovarian tissue and ovarian cancer, and each chapter describes in detail the latest insights into the ovary from basic to clinical aspects. Expert authors reveal the most recent findings on ovariogenesis and ovarian carcinogenesis by shedding light on stem cell biology for the ovarian surface epithelial cells or primordial germ cells. Readers will greatly increase their understanding of the relevance of the cells that constitute the ovary, which is of vast significance in comprehending the occurrence mechanism of ovarian tissue and ovarian cancer. In this way the book covers a wide range of fields concerned with the ovary. This work benefits not only gynecologists and obstetricians, but also basic researchers in the field of stem cell biology and all clinicians who are involved in the management of fertility preservation or ovarian cancer.

Although mechanisms involved in the spread of cancer have been the subject of a major research endeavor over the past decade, metastatic tumors still account for significant clinical morbidity and the failure of cancer treatment. Not only are the vascular pathways the most common route for the dissemination of cancer cells, but interactions between the cells and the circulation act as important rate-regulators for the metastatic process.This authoritative, multi-authored volume addresses the importance of microcirculation in cancer metastasis. The book begins with up-to-date reviews on the biology of endothelial cells and the structure and physiology of the normal and tumor microcirculations, and then emphasizes interactions between components of the microcirculation and cancer cells. Metastasis is discussed through chapters exploring the entry of cancer cells into the circulation, the biophysics and morphology of cancer cell traffic and arrest, interactions with host cells and the basement membranes, and angiogenesis. This fascinating book will interest oncologists, pathologists, and students of metastasis or the microcirculation.

The book covers the various cell signaling pathways responsible for prostate cancer progression, conventional therapies used for prostate cancer treatment, new emerging therapeutics, and challenges in the treatment of cancer patients. It describes the different molecular pathways responsible for prostate cancer progression to improve readers'knowledge about the role of signaling networks, and cellular and molecular aspects of prostate cancer progression. These topics include mechanisms responsible for prostate cancer malignancy with a focus on molecular pathways. It also discusses the current challenges in prostate cancer treatment such as drug resistance and immune evasion and introduces novel therapeutics such as gene therapy and nanotherapeutics for prostate cancer. This book is completely novel and unique and covers all aspects of prostate cancer progression and challenges in therapy while presenting solutions. Written by prestigious researchers around the world, this book will be interesting to researchers and practitioners, especially those working in urological cancers.

This new volume of the book series Epigenetics and Human Health is dedicated to microRNAs (miRNAS), regulatory non-coding RNAs that have important roles in the control of gene expression both at posttranscriptional and transcriptional levels. Endogenous miRNAs regulate gene expression patterns in a sequence-specific manner. These short sequences may serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of complex diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurocognitive disorders, respiratory diseases and pathogenic infections. Moreover, miRNAs hold promise to be used as extensive diagnostic and prognostic markers of disease. miRNAs, Human Health and Disease is an essential reading for graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, and academics interested in the latest developments on non-coding RNA-mediated pathways associated with health and disease.

Initiation and Promotion in Skin or Liver Neoplasia is the only source of its kind that presents a comprehensive compilation of in vivo initiation/promotion studies that involve neoplastic changes in the skin or liver of experimental animals. The book surveys world literature over the past 65 years from almost 2,000 original studies covering nearly 200 journals in 9 languages. Publications reviewed consist of primary peer-reviewed papers, as well as those abstracts, meeting reports, and review articles, containing original data. Papers measuring both pre-neoplastic or neoplastic changes are included.The summaries for each study included in the book are highly formatted resumes that have four principal components which indicate:1) What was done in the study;2) How the study was done (e.g, methods);3) The precise results obtained;4) Individual critiques using GLP (Good Lab Practice) standards.Initiation and Promotion in Skin or Liver Neoplasia provides an indispensable abstracted reference resource for scientists, toxicologists, cancer researchers, litigators, regulators, environmentalists, policy analysts, and industry-based investigators.

Covering topics in Radiobiology, Modern Physics, Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, Foundations of Medical Physics serves as an introduction to the field of Medical Physics, or Radiation Oncology Physics.An overview of the history of cancer and cancer treatment along with a brief introduction to the fundamental principles of Radiobiology constitute Part I of this book, which serves as the motivation for the principles of Radiation Therapy, or cancer treatment with radiation. Part II contains the fundamental ideas from Modern Physics that form the foundation for an understanding of the approaches to treatment used in Radiation Therapy. Finally, Part III shows the applications of Parts I and II to Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. This unusual introduction to Medical Physics is aimed at undergraduate physics majors along with other science majors who have taken at least one year of Physics and one year of calculus, although Medical Physics graduate students and radiation oncology residents may find this different approach to the subject illuminating. This text assumes that the instructor is a physicist who does not necessarily have a background in Medical Physics.

This book reviews the potential of metallodrugs against different cancer. It summarizes the classification of metal-based anti-cancer drugs, their plausible biochemical and mechanistic pathways, combining drug strategies for hitting multiple therapeutic targets at the intracellular level, and advanced drug delivery strategies. The book covers the metallodrugs for the efficacious treatment of diverse cancerous strains and recent advances in drug delivery strategies that are used for developing these metal-based therapeutics as potent anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo. The book also covers different biophysical and analytical techniques for studying metal-ligand and metal-macromolecular interactions. The book further presents the recent examples of metallomics studies on the different types of cell death induced by metal-based anticancer drugs, especially on the three major forms of programmed cell death (PCD) in mammalian cells: apoptosis, autophagy, and regulated necrosis, alsocalled necroptosis. Lastly, the book explores the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by metallodrugs.

Thyroid Diseases: Clinical Fundamentals and Therapy provides a wide-ranging examination of all clinically significant areas of thyroid diseases. Underlying physiological principles are closely linked to the clinical situation and practical therapeutic interventions. The book examines the clinical course, therapy, and final outcome of thyroid diseases, particularly the bimodal and transient evolution of several thyroid diseases. It also discusses the medical, surgical, and radiometabolic therapy of thyroid diseases, stressing the pros and cons of each therapeutic modality. More than 80 acknowledged experts from North America, Europe, and Japan have contributed to this exceptional reference volume, making it essential for physiologists, clinical endocrinologists, radiologists, researchers in nuclear medicine, oncologists, and radiotherapists.

This book addresses possible analogies between cancer and developmental biology. An international group of experts provides a multidisciplinary approach, allowing biological or clinical scientists involved with cancer research to integrate specific information from diverse areas.Five concepts of cancer are presented, and developmental biology is reviewed at five levels. These are integrated in discussions of failure in organisation as a basis of cancer and its control. The book will be a valuable reference for both newcomers as well as experienced biological and clinical scientists.

Precision pathology of cancer is a new frontier - a systemic diagnostic approach to provide specific therapeutic targets and genetic and metabolic information for the treatment of patients. Not only are cancers extremely diverse but there is also heterogenetic variation among patients with the same cancer; owing to differences in genetic makeup and metabolic levels, a drug may work in one patient but be toxic in another. This text covers both basic concepts (the role of the precision pathologist, ethical issues, molecular basis, tools used in precision pathology, and specimen procurement) and clinical practice (the precise genes/pathways, ongoing clinical trials, therapeutics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoproteomics, and pharmacometabolomics) in precision pathology of cancer. Covers both the conceptual bases and the clinical applications Enables pathologists, haematologists, and medical oncologists to apply Precision Pathology to their daily clinical practice Covers the whole range of cancers in practical detail

p53 in Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Targets comprehensively reviews the role of p53 in breast cancer development, progression, and treatment. It explores the multifaceted functions of p53, from its fundamental connection to breast cancer and pathway mechanisms to its influence on cancer metabolism and the impact of mutational alterations. The initial chapters discuss the complex landscape of p53's involvement in cancer metabolism, the ramifications of its mutations, and its crucial role as a tumor suppressor. The subsequent chapters review the regulatory functions of p53 in cell death, DNA repair, genomic stability, and cell cycle dynamics, highlighting its interactions with transcription factors, DNA repair enzymes, and family members p63 and p73. It further reviews the regulation of mutant p53 via post-translational modifications and delves into the approaches to combat mutated p53, highlighting targeted therapies and efforts to overcome chemoresistance. The chapters also address the role of p53 biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis, the optimization of treatment responses, and the impact of nutrition on p53 activity. This book is an important resource for oncology and molecular biology researchers. Key Features Provides a thorough examination of the p53 gene and its crucial involvement in breast cancer. Explores the critical implications of mutational alterations in p53 on the development and progression of breast cancer. Examines the role of p53 in managing apoptosis and contributing to DNA repair and genomic stability. Discusses the complex interactions of p53 with transcription factors, DNA repair enzymes, p63, and p73. Highlights the role of p53 as a biomarker in diagnosing and predicting breast cancer prognosis.

Demystifying the science behind new cancer treatments A clear and accessible guide written in everyday language for nurses and other healthcare professionals A Beginner's Guide to Targeted Cancer Treatments and Cancer Immunotherapy helps readers understand the science behind many of the newer drug treatments for cancer. Assuming only a basic familiarity with cell biology, this easy-to-digest guide describes how our increased understanding of cancer has been translated into the creation of new cancer treatments with a wide range of targets. Gifted communicator and educator Dr. Elaine Vickers helps you understand the mechanisms of a wide range of individual targeted therapies and immunotherapies — enabling you to communicate effectively with your colleagues and patients. Concise chapters explain how new cancer drugs and immunotherapies work, discuss their benefits, identify their limitations, and more. Now in its second edition, this popular handbook is fully revised to reflect the latest developments in targeted drug therapies and immunotherapies. Entirely new chapters on advancements in various immunotherapies are accompanied by more than 100 new and updated color illustrations. Provides an up-to-date overview of relevant treatment targets for all major cancer types, including hematological cancersDescribes cancer biology and the relationship between cancer and the immune systemOffers valuable insights into cell communication pathways as a common targetCovers small molecule drugs, antibody-based treatments, and cellular therapies, including novel immunotherapies A Beginner's Guide to Targeted Cancer Treatments and Cancer Immunotherapy is a must-have resource for trainees, practicing nurses, and other healthcare professionals involved in the care of cancer patients, as well as non-specialists who encounter cancer data or cancer terminology in their field.

Cancer still poses a significant challenge in healthcare since traditional treatments often fail to produce desired results and patient outcomes. Conventional therapies, like chemotherapy and radiation, can have substantial side effects and may not always be able to eliminate cancer cells. Moreover, the heterogeneity of tumors and individual responses to treatment create barriers to achieving consistent and long-lasting outcomes. Critical Developments in Cancer Immunotherapy offers a compelling solution to these challenges by delving into the cutting-edge field of cancer immunotherapy. This book provides a comprehensive guide to the latest advancements in harnessing the body's immune system to fight cancer. Focusing on critical strategies like checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy, the book provides insights into novel approaches that offer greater precision and effectiveness in cancer treatment. Ideal for a diverse audience, including students, researchers, and healthcare professionals, this book bridges complex scientific concepts with accessible language. It aims to enhance understanding of how the immune system can be leveraged to combat cancer. More importantly, it serves as a catalyst for further innovation and application in this dynamic field. Critical Developments in Cancer Immunotherapy is not just a book; it is a beacon of hope and knowledge, illuminating the path to more effective and personalized cancer treatments.

This book provides the most current advancements in the medical care of glioma patients, accompanied by clinical cases. Clinical implementations of the new multilayered integrated diagnosis of gliomas according to WHO CNS5 are also demonstrated here. New adjuvant therapies, such as chemotherapy/targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and physiotherapy, are discussed in the book. The book also covers the applications of genomics and epigenomics of gliomas in clinical practice. In essence, this book shows the management of gliomas with new treatment modalities, which can prolong the overall survival time of patients fighting glioma. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. The present version has been revised technically and linguistically by the authors in collaboration with a professional translator.

This is a book about medical communication. Communication is a skill, as such it is learnable and can be refined. Between what we learn in college and clinical practice there is a gap regarding communication with patients and their families that many health professionals want to fill. Thus, the goal of this book is to encourage readers to develop their communication skills in patient care. Chapters cover the possible therapeutic origin of the human word, the placebo effect of the medical word, the distinction between information and communication, and the importance of empathy while communicating with patients. An overview of the medical words throughout history up to our current practice is presented. In addition, the content helps to develop a strategy for nonverbal communication and to analyse the impact of empathy on communication and patient satisfaction. Current topics such as special needs for LGBTQ patient care, telehealth and virtual communication are also featured in this book. Knowing how to communicate is healthy not only for the patient but also for the doctor. Therefore, the prevention of medical burnout through adequate communication, both in routine practice, and with patients with special needs, as well as in telemedicine is also discussed. Finally, the author addresses a personal and non-transferable task: each individual must build their own toolbox for communication - the stories, the anecdotes, the metaphors, the silences with which each of the readers will use to communicate with their patients. The aim of this book is to bridge a gap between the graduate and postgraduate training for dealing with information and problems in communicating during clinical practice. Since it is never too late to acquire or improve our communication skills, this work will be a useful and valuable resource for any health professional interested in the subject.

Cancer cells exist in an ever-changing “ecology” and are subject to evolutionary pressures just like any species in nature. This edited book explores the following themes: 1) how the dynamics of mutation, epigenetics, and gene expression noise are sources of genetic diversity; 2) how scarce resources influence cancer therapy resistance; 3) how predator-prey dynamics are mirrored in immune-cancer cross-talk; 4) how cancer cells parallel niche construction theory; 5) how changing fitness landscapes enable cancer growth; and 6) how cancer cells interact within the body. The book is a resource for understanding cancer as a disease of multicellularity grounded in evolutionary principles. By using this knowledge, researchers are starting to exploit these behaviors for treatment paradigms.Key Features Bridges disciplines exemplifying the ways disparate fields create new perspectives when integrated. Offers insights from leading scholars in cancer biology, ecology and evolutionary biology. Provides a timely recognition by oncologists that evolutionary paradigms are crucial for breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Integrates basic and applied sciences of oncology and evolutionary biology.

In this book the most recent technical and technological advancements in the treatment of intracranial tumours will be described, and a wide and updated review of the literature on neurosurgical pathologies with high clinical impact will be offered to the readers. Technical nuances and surgical pearls, as well as tricks suggested by the most renowned experts in the field will be explained and illustrated in the light of the most modern approach to oncological neurosurgical pathologies. Each surgical technique will be contextualized in a multi-modal approach to the pathology, defining specific aims and goals of surgery, and a comparative analysis of surgical and clinical results deriving from the different approaches will be systematically discussed, analyzing the specific drawbacks and advantages in approaching the different pathologies, and emphasizing the preservation of patient's functioning and quality of life as well as the neurological status. Through this book, the editors aim to provide an effective educational support to already trained and experienced neurosurgeons, who want to approach the multi-modal management of intracranial tumors according to the principles of Evidence Based Medicine, highlighting classes of evidence, by using schemes and therapeutic algorithms based on most updated data available in the literature.

Despite the advances in precision medicine and the progressive tailoring of multimodal therapies, surgery still remains the mainstay treatment in the majority of pediatric solid tumors and plays a key role in the multidisciplinary evaluation and management of pediatric oncology patients. The surgeons will face a variety of challenging situations in many aspects of the treatment of a child with cancer. Whether in the emergency department, evaluating a new patient or in the operating room, a clear and concise decision-making plan needs to be developed to assure optimal care and survival. The Survival Handbook in Pediatric Surgical Oncology is to provide an up-to-dated, portable, easy to read and schematic overview of the main topics of the surgeon's role in pediatric oncology, delivering a quick reference guide especially designed for pediatric surgery residents, fellows and young practitioners. The wide coverage of general aspects of the field, like epidemiology, basic oncology, anesthesia and imaging, will be completed with a detailed but brief analysis of most prevalent solid tumors. Other important topics will also be treated, like oncological emergencies and fertility considerations. The chapters will be in charge of key opinion leaders in every topic, looking to deliver only the crucial information, in order to help in the bedside decision making plan. This handbook will be an important partner for many pediatric surgeons around the world, because in this kind of disease it's crucial to act quickly and correctly in order to assure the right diagnosis and start treatment as soon as possible.

This book examines the relationship between the different infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, in the development of cancer. It is divided into six sections, spanning a range of topics, including infectious agents, main bacterial agents, and eukaryotic microorganisms, and how they contribute to cancer. Chapters also explore the anti-tumor effect of microorganisms, how pathogens induce epigenetic changes that are associated with cancer, and nutritional management for the prevention and treatment of pathogen-associated cancer, from a nutrigenomics perspective. The studies included cover epidemiological and immunological data, different OMICs data in general, and data of pathogens associated with cancer. The book is rounded out with an analysis of the role of glycans and molecular evolution in the progression of cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, particularly in females, with a high rate of cancer-related deaths globally. Increasing age, obesity, harmful use of alcohol, family history of breast cancer, starting age of menstrual periods, and tobacco use are some of the risk factors for breast cancer. The fifth volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, entitled “Breast Cancer Pathophysiology: An Interdisciplinary Approach” publishes comprehensive volumes on the mechanisms of breast cancer, early detection, assessment, and patient outcome. The role of defective estrogen signals, membrane estrogen receptor, and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast cancer are also presented in this volume. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on cell biology, immunology, biochemistry, genetics, and practitioners working on oncology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to researchers, oncologists, and oncosurgeons who wish to extend their knowledge on breast cancer.

This book embarks on a comprehensive exploration of stem cells guided by various contributions from Indian academicians and researchers. This volume provides a thorough understanding of the current state of stem cell research and the wide range of applications, and pays tribute to the historical milestones that have paved the way. The book covers a wide range of aspects regarding stem cells, such as the fundamental biology of stem cells, various types of stem cells embryonic, adult sources as well as induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSCs], understanding the molecular aspects of stem cells to preclinical and clinical translational potential of stem cells. Stem cell applications in innovative pharmaceutical research, drug discovery, and veterinary regenerative medicine are also discussed. A glimpse of cancer stem cells and biomaterials-integrated stem cell strategies for therapeutic application will provide valuable insights to the readers.

This textbook is intended to give most of the information a Mammographer should have to understand and perform successfully breast imaging techniques. It is structured in 6 parts, Basic theory, Technical quality, Clinical quality, on the Report, other breast imaging techniques and Radio-Protection, Ergonomics, the academic training and the communicant skill. Every part is divided in chapters, made up of short paragraphs with very specific titles, to give the reader the opportunity to find the answer to her/his question easily. Much importance is given to the image produced, which should be characterized by a very high level of diagnostic information, to allow the reader to find the lesion, if it is there, as early as possible. The topic of how to produce the image is dealt with then, but also of how to evaluate thoroughly and appropriately the quality of it. Giving this in-depth knowledge was the aim of this work. The book covers up-to-date information about breast imaging and the surveillance pathway of the patient with breast cancer; it is therefore, of significant interest to Radiographers, Technologists, Radiologists, Breast Nurses; Radiographers students, both undergraduate and postgraduate; Physiotherapists.

This book addresses the pressing problem of drug resistance in the treatment of breast cancer. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying drug resistance and presents the latest advances in therapeutic approaches to overcome this enormous challenge. The book begins with an introduction to the biology of breast cancer, treatment modalities and the mechanisms of drug resistance. This includes the principles of drug resistance in targeted, immune-, endocrine and chemotherapy. In the following sections, the authors present innovative strategies to overcome drug resistance and new research directions, among others the role of the microbiome in drug resistance, molecular profiling of patients for personalized medical care, and new drug delivery systems. Finally, the book concludes with a discussion of the differences in the prevalence and treatment success of breast cancer between high- and low-income countries. This book is an informative resource for students, researchers, and clinicians in the field of breast cancer research and oncology in general.

This Handbook on cancer biology comprehensively reviews the current status of the oncobiology of major cancer types, cancer detection and treatment strategies, principles and processes of cancer drug development, and nanomedicine and other emerging cancer medicine applications to cancer diagnosis and treatment. The book also provides practical and implementable nutritional guidance in cancer prevention, treatment, and quality of life for cancer survivors. It discusses pharmacogenetics strategies for predicting cancer prognosis and treatment exposure, response, and toxicity. Further, it presents bioinformatics approaches for predicting anti-cancer drugs and drug combinations based on the multi-omic data, including transcriptomics, toxicogenomics, functional genomics, and biological networks. The Handbook also examines major factors and pathways that regulate cancer stem cells development and discusses potential targeted therapy for cancer stem cells. The book explores the application of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technique in basic cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. This Handbook is an invaluable source for oncologists, researchers, public health specialists, epidemiologists, and policy makers.​

This book provides insight into the various immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of lung cancers. The chapters of the book discuss the detailed mechanisms of checkpoint inhibitors, co-stimulatory molecules, drugs working in the immunosuppressive environment, and various vaccines for lung cancer. A chapter of the book explores the recent applications of the oncolytic virus in lung cancer treatment and discusses the potential and direction of oncolytic virus-based therapeutic vaccines. The chapter also elucidates the current understanding of the role of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in tumor progression, and the recent progress in utilizing TLR agonists as potential therapeutic agents in lung cancer treatment. Towards the end, the book reviews the applications of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and immunotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer. This book provides useful information to a range of audiences including clinical researchers working in the field of lung cancer, and undergraduate and postgraduate students from various disciplines such as pharmacy, microbiology, immunology, pharmacology, biotechnology, and health sciences.

Presents timely and authoritative information on the development of precision cancer therapies as applied to hematologic malignancies The Precision Cancer Therapies series focuses on how to understand and translate fundamental basic science into information that can be directly applied to patients to advance care. Each volume of the series integrates the relevant biological concepts and principles necessary for translating this science to practitioners of this science. Precision Cancer Therapies, Volume Two, focuses on sophisticated immunotherapies targeting cancers affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Edited and authored by the foremost authorities in the field, this comprehensive reference text covers targeting of cell surface receptors, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), targeting immune checkpoint, targeting macrophages, EBV-directed immunotherapies, tumor-associated antigens (TAA), and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T). Divided into nine sections, Volume Two includes an overview of the history of immunotherapy development in cancer, as well as a concluding section addressing the mechanistic basis and role of immunomodulatory drugs, analytical tools to quantitate immune-mediated effects, and other topics in immunotherapy. Chapters on specific therapeutics or therapeutic classes include a basic explanation of the underlying pathway and target, the pharmacology of the drug/class, relevant preclinical and clinical data, and discussion of clinical management and potential predictive biomarkers of response. This book also: Delivers a definitive, state-of-the-art review of the relevant biology and its importance in the broader context of cancer biology Focuses on agents that mediate cell killing in lymphoma through a variety of immunologic mechanisms Covers FDA-approved drugs and their indications, as well as drugs currently in development Provides information on monotherapy and combination therapy, summary tables of trials, and discussion of toxicity and efficacy Includes boxed sections highlighting major unique points about the information in the chapter Precision Cancer Therapies, Volume Two: Immunologic Approaches for the Treatment of Lymphoid Malignancies, From Concept to Practice is an indispensable resource for medical, scientific, and allied medical professionals, advanced students, and interested general readers with background knowledge in the subject.

This textbook gives an insight into the importance of cell migration in health during development, wound healing and immune responses as well as in disease with particular focus on cancer. The reader will learn about the different ways cells migrate to allow cellular changes during development to occur, as well as responses to injury and threat by foreign invaders. Cell migration is a driver of invasion and ultimately metastasis in cancer and as such we will give examples from highly aggressive cancer such as brain tumours. The book also includes an introduction to mathematical modelling to predict cell migration, information on the development of software for analysis of data generated in 2D and 3D as well as recent developments in the investigations into cell migration using 3D bioprinting. This textbook will be a great learning tool for advanced undergraduate students and Master students with the relevant science degrees such as in cell biology, developmental biology, cancer research, and tumour biology.

In this next volume in the Cell Biology and Translational Medicine series, we continue to explore the potential utility of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Amongst topics explored in this volume are various aspects of stem cell commitment, differentiation and organogenesis in both health and cancer. Amongst the diverse areas covered are those exploring stems cells in relation to wound healing and their use in treatment of wound healing and different cancers. Other topics include genome editing, regulation of metabolism, immune cells, and algae in medicine. One goal of the series continues to be to highlight timely, often emerging, topics and novel approaches that can accelerate stem cell utility in regenerative medicine.

Hematological cancers or blood cancers are a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, primarily affect the blood and bone marrow. The “Hematological Cancer Pathophysiology: An Interdisciplinary Approach” is the tenth volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, publishes a comprehensive volume on the pathophysiology of hematological cancers. This volume has an interdisciplinary approach in hematological cancers, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and intraocular lymphoma. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and IgG4-related diseases are also discussed in the last chapters. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on hematology and oncology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to hematologists and oncologists who wish to extend their knowledge on hematological cancers.

Aging is a topic that concerns all of us, since none of us can escape it. The molecular and cellular process is built in every of the billions of cells forming our body. Some of these cells, such as immune cells and red blood cells, live only for a few days to weeks and get life-long constantly replaced by cells produced in the bone marrow. In contrast, there are cells, such as neurons and memory lymphocytes, that get as old as we get. The process of aging limits our maximal life span, which is for us humans 120 years. However, only a very few individuals reached this age. How did their life differ from others that died decades earlier? Is it just the absence of life threatening disease paired with a more healthy life style? Or is it build in in our genome or epigenome? In this book we try to give answers to these questions from the perspectives of evolution, our genome, the epigenomes of our different tissues and cell types and the functionality of our cells. We should try to understand ourselves in detail as well as in a global setting. Basic biology explains cellular mechanisms, such as growth, differentiation, and cell death, which make life as a whole possible. Every (human) organism represents a complex interplay between hundreds of different cell types forming distinctive tissues and organs with specialized tasks. These processes need to be highly orchestrated especially during development, maintenance and aging. Studying the cellular and molecular basis of aging is one of the most fascinating areas but also a great challenge. Nevertheless, research made the biggest steps in elucidating biological processes via studying malfunctions of normal mechanisms leading to different diseases, such as progeroid syndrome and cancer. We will start this book with the understanding of the human genome in relation to principles of evolution. Then we will explain the basics of gene regulation and epigenetics, i.e., the interplay of transcription factors and chromatin. Next, we will shift to cellular mechanisms of aging and discuss then the impact of nutrition and immunity on the aging process. In the following the relation of aging to so-called aging-related common diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer and Alzheimer. Do we get these diseases because we are aging or are we aging because we get one of these diseases? The book will end how we can slow down the aging process so that we can age healthy. In short, healthy aging is not an option but is a must. An ancient poem says “Teach us to number our days, that we may get a heart of wisdom.” It is up to each one of us and a daily decision to live a healthy lifestyle and to be aware of the unique gift of live we all have.

The knowledge base required of the modern-day head and neck surgeon, as a key member of a comprehensive and wide-ranging multidisciplinary team, is significant. The sixth edition of Stell & Maran's Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology continues to be the leading reference book in the specialty.This accessible and authoritative text is fully revised and updated to reflect international practice across the multidisciplinary team. A global community of expert authors have provided chapters entailing the expertise required by today's head and neck surgeon. The book encompasses fundamentals of head and neck oncologic practice including pathology, imaging, staging, prehabilitation, surgical approaches and reconstruction, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biological therapies and many more. Key sections discuss the broad range of tumours by anatomical site and rare cancers. Future perspectives are reviewed with topics on how to become a clinical trialist, delivering surgical innovation and personalised approaches to head and neck cancer therapy with insights for the future.With contributions from the full spectrum of the multidisciplinary team, this book will be a major up-to-date resource for both trainees and established practitioners in otolaryngology, maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, endocrine surgery, clinical oncology, oncology nursing and those professions allied to medicine, such as speech and language therapy and dietetics.

The book provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and debates on the diagnosis and treatment of midline neck swellings to clarify some uncertainties, make suggestions for resolving others, and establish strategies for achieving therapeutic success. In addition to information on the surgical anatomy of the neck with particular emphasis on midline cervical regions, and the classification and clinical approach for diagnosis and management of neck swellings, the chapters explore cervical lymphadenopathy, swellings of the submental region, swellings of the hyoid bone region, swellings of the laryngeal/pharyngeal region, swellings of the tracheal region, and swellings of the supra-space of Burns. The last chapter emphasizes the importance of scheduling regular follow-ups as well as patient counselling and education.The volume, enriched with color images and flowcharts, will be a key resource for head and neck surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, orthopedic surgeons,endocrinologists, oncologists, pediatricians, and clinicians of other specialties as they face the most challenging midline neck swellings and work towards providing each patient with the best possible outcome.

Este libro es una introducción al aprendizaje relacionado con las neoplasias que se presentan en la mujer en sus diferentes etapas de la vida que servirá, a todos los profesionales en cuidados primarios de salud de la mujer; como revisión actualizada, didáctico o como material de referencia ayudará a los conocimientos especializados necesarios para la detección y manejo de los diferentes procesos oncológicos en las mujeres. La lectura de esta obra instruye dentro de los conocimientos científicos del cáncer de la mujer, muchos de ellos ocultos en la vida cotidiana, pero aquí, en calidad de consulta, lleva de la mano a resolver mucho de lo que se hemos perdido y a consultar e instruir en lo que no sabemos. Este tratado, dividido en 16 secciones, incluye temas actualizados relacionados con la oncología de la mujer, una bibliografía actualizada nacional e internacional, en medio de una basta información que esta al día; el manejo oncológico se describe en varias áreas, para lograr una mejor calidad de vida, la cirugía conservadora de cáncer y profiláctica se indican para diferentes canceres, así como la descripción e indicaciones en cirugía vaginal, laparoscópica, oncoplástica; además exenterativa y de reconstrucción todas estas áreas se analizan en este libro, así como la técnica de ganglio centinela; los autores han contribuido en gran medida al desarrollo nacional e internacional para el establecimiento de las normas actuales del tratamiento de los cánceres.

CANCER CONSULT New edition covering the specialties of hematology, oncology and cellular therapy, now in two volumes Cancer Consult: Expertise in Clinical Practice, Volume 2: Neoplastic Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Second Edition includes hundreds of answers to practice-based questions covering the new principles of diagnosis, classification, staging, treatment, and outcomes in the rapidly advancing field of cancer. This textbook series also provides expert guidance in the areas of cancer-related uncertainties and controversies, including experience-based discussions. The book's smaller size allows for easy access during medical rounds. This volume also includes: Up-to-date clinically relevant information on the very latest topics such as molecular techniques, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, BMT, CAR T-cell therapy and translational cancer research Sections on ALL, AML, myeloid neoplasms, CLL, Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, amongst other topics Streamlined, engaging content to make finding information easier and less time consuming for the reader Concise and practical expert perspectives that reference key studies References to the latest NCCN, ESMO, ASH, ASTCT, EBMT and other national guidelines With its powerful focus on pragmatic clinical diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic approaches, Cancer Consult: Expertise in Clinical Practice, Volume 2: Neoplastic Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Second Edition will help keep hematology, oncology and cellular therapy practitioners up-to-date, bridging the gaps between journal and reference literature, conferences, and their existing knowledge base. It also offers clinicians, trainees, and fellows an excellent opportunity to enhance their preparation for the ABIM, hematology and oncology fellowship and recertification exams.

The study and therapeutic application of macrophages is a rapidly developing field. Tremendous progress has been made in understanding the phenotypes and functions of macrophages in healthy and diseased tissues and organs. Following the great success of Volume 62:'Macrophages - Origin, Functions and Biointervention'published in this series, this new book now focuses on the role of monocytes and macrophages in development, regeneration and disease. This new volume offers an overview of the latest developments in monocyte and macrophage subtypes and functions across various tissues including adipose tissue, bones, liver, lungs, testes, and the nervous system. The book also reviews existing and potential therapies targeted towards the macrophages and describes their homeostatic functions. It explores how macrophage cell cycle, metabolism, mitochondrial activity, histone acetylation status, and interaction with the extracellular matrix contribute to changes in macrophage phenotype and function in health and disease. Additionally, it examines the interactions between macrophages and cancer cells, bacteria, helminth parasites, and their role in the colonization and spread of HIV. For ease of reference, the volume is divided into three sections: Part I Nonimmunologic and immunologic functions of monocytes/macrophages Part II Tissue/organ specific functions of macrophages Part III Macrophage functions and dysfunction in diseases This book will be of interest to researchers working in the fields of developmental biology, immunology, cancer research, and therapeutic applications. It is written to inform and inspire experts and newcomers to the field of macrophages.

The book comprehensively discusses the surgical management of thyroid and parathyroid diseases. It includes separate chapters dedicated to preliminary evaluation enabling the reader to understand the decision making process. It discusses details of specific preparation for optimizing the conditions suitable for operation. It provides comprehensive description of the complex anatomy of neck and the variations supported by representative photographs. It includes appropriate flowcharts and videos of procedures for better understanding. The book describes the steps of all surgical procedures of thyroid and parathyroid glands emphasizing practical aspects of surgical techniques, supported by representative photographs. It covers chapters on the management of immediate and late complications, adjuvant treatment as well as treatment of late recurrences. Parathyroid diseases are not common but are known to induce disabling complications. The book also discusses various aspects of presentation and treatment of parathyroid diseases in detail. It stresses upon the role of specialists in different department in the postoperative management of thyroid cancers. The book meets the curriculum requirements of postgraduate students in specialties like general surgery, head and neck surgery, and endocrine surgery. It also serves as a reference for junior surgeons and enables them to prepare and perform proper thyroid surgeries as well provides guidance in the postoperative management of all thyroid diseases especially thyroid cancer.

There are different types of treatment for breast cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Deciding on the types of treatment depends on several factors, such as the stage and grade of cancer, biomarkers, and general health of patients. The seventh volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, entitled “Breast Cancer Treatment: An Interdisciplinary Approach” publishes comprehensive reviews on different treatment opportunities on breast cancer. An update on treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ is provided. Ablative breast cancer surgery, radiotherapy, and percutaneous breast cancer treatment are explained. Promising hormone immunotherapy combination as well as targeted therapies for breast cancer is also discussed. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on oncology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to researchers and oncologists who wish to extend their knowledge on breast cancer treatment.

This book presents recent advancements, challenges, and clinical implications of molecular biomarkers in various cancers. This book highlights the clinical applications of biomarkers are extensive for cancer risk assessment, screening and early detection of cancer, accurate diagnosis, patient prognosis, prediction of response to therapy, and cancer surveillance and monitoring response. It also explores the progress of predictive biomarkers as an adjunctive tool to tumor immunotherapy in effectively identifying the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses their future directions in achieving precision immuno-oncology. Further, the book examines the combination of next-generation sequencing and advanced computational data analysis approaches in the understanding of the genomic underpinnings of cancer development and progression. Towards the end, the chapter discusses the role of some commonly investigated phytochemicals and their epigenetic targets that are of particularinterest in cancer prevention and cancer therapy. It is a must for researchers as well as advanced students and physicians in the field of cancer and clinical oncologists.

This book presents the role of nanoparticles in cancer therapy, emphasizing their innovative applications across treatment, diagnosis and the development of therapeutic strategies. The first section of the book describes the applications of nanoparticles in cancer vaccines and gene therapy. It features discussions on polymeric nanoparticles as nanovaccine carriers, membrane-based nano-vaccines for immunotherapy and gene therapy techniques employing nanoparticles. The second section presents advanced nanomedicine approaches, specifying the role of chemodynamic nanoparticles in cancer theranostics, the application of low-dimensional nanomaterials and emerging strategies against drug resistance. Additionally, it explores nanotechnology in radiation therapy, phototherapy modalities and bioengineered virus-like nanoparticles for diagnostics and therapeutics. The last section reviews the clinical applications and prospects, examining theranostic nanoparticles, the clinical translation of nanomedicine and the current limitations of cancer nanotherapy. It also addresses future directions in nanoparticle application, and examines the genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, cytotoxicity assessments, safety profiles, targeted drug delivery, and their role in viral oncogenesis. This book is a useful resource for researchers, clinicians and students in the fields of oncology and nanotechnology.

This book offers an overview of the biological basis of 26 different solid cancers for scientists and oncologists to understand the clinical challenges. The book provides a quick, simplified, and updated review of the present genetic or genomic medicine era. With genetic and molecular details to enhance understanding of biological mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis and treatment response, each chapter covers epidemiology, risk factors, classification, pathophysiology, genetics, and treatment of solid cancers. This book is a beginner's guide for life sciences and medicine graduate students, fellows in training, biomedical sciences researchers, principal investigators, clinician-researchers and oncologists.

This book is a case-based resource detailing the latest diagnostic and management strategies applicable to a number of carefully selected situations in clinical gynecological oncology. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to tackling difficult and unique clinical presentations. Each chapter presents a specific pathology and features descriptions of clinical scenarios and presentations that are both commonly and rarely encountered. Techniques and strategies for ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancer are discussed in accordance with the latest evidence-based knowledge on the topic. Relevant'tips and tricks'are identified in each chapter to assist the reader in developing a thorough understanding of the topics discussed and enhance their decision making skills.Case-Based Gynecological Oncology is a practical guide to clinical presentations of a range of conditions encountered in the field, making it a valuable resource for all clinicians who encounter these patients in their day-to-day practice.

Those affected by cancer or receiving cancer treatment have often been more susceptible to infections due to coexisting chronic diseases, overall poor health status, and systemic immunosuppressive states caused by both cancer and anticancer treatments. This pioneering text is an introduction to the key topics in the relationship between infection, pollution, and cancer and is an invaluable resource for residents and junior faculty in Oncology facing the practical problems arising and for those still in training. •Looks at the lessons to be learned for future Oncology patients from a series of studies. •Presents relevant international experience from Oncology clinicians and researchers. •Brings together input from different countries, systems, and specialties.

Today, treatment options for cancer patients typically include surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. While these therapies have saved lives and reduced pain and suffering, cancer still takes millions of lives every year around the world. Researchers are now developing advanced therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination nanotechnology for drug delivery. In addition, the identification of new biomarkers will potentiate early-stage diagnosis. Molecular Targets and Cancer presents information about cancer diagnosis and therapy in a simple way. It covers several aspects of the topic with updated information on par with medical board levels. The book features contributions from experts and includes an overview of cancer from basic biology and pathology, classifications, surveillance, prevention, diagnosis, types of cancer, treatment and prognosis. The second part of this book discusses specialized topics in clinical oncology which include the pathophysiology of various types of cancer, cancer screening, different types of cancer surgery, cancer stem cell-targeted immunotherapy, nanotechnology for precision medicine applications in cancer and cancer surveillance. This comprehensive guide is a valuable resource for oncologists, researchers, and all medical professionals who work in cancer care and research.

Today, treatment options for cancer patients typically include surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. While these therapies have saved lives and reduced pain and suffering, cancer still takes millions of lives every year around the world. Researchers are now developing advanced therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination nanotechnology for drug delivery. In addition, the identification of new biomarkers will potentiate early-stage diagnosis. Molecular Targets and Cancer presents information about cancer diagnosis and therapy in a simple way. It covers several aspects of the topic with updated information on par with medical board levels. The book features contributions from experts and includes an overview of cancer from basic biology and pathology, classifications, surveillance, prevention, diagnosis, types of cancer, treatment and prognosis. The first part of this book introduces the reader to cancer epidemiology, genetic alterations in cancer, exogenous and endogenous factors in carcinogenesis, roles for growth factors in cancer progression, cell signaling in cancer, transcription factors in cancer, and cancer genetics and epigenetics. This comprehensive guide is a valuable resource for oncologists, researchers, and all medical professionals who work in cancer care and research.

The present work corresponds to a compilation of independent contributions in the fields of endocrinology, immunity, cancer, neurobiology, and myology. Revision of current advances as well as novel findings in the form of original articles are presented in a balanced fashion. The book has been divided into three sections in line with the main subject: Molecular pathology of immune, inflammatory, and hemostatic disorders; Molecular pathology of endocrine and muscular disorders; and Molecular pathology of cancer: determinants and potential therapies. In the first section, contributing authors take the reader through the molecular pathology of immune responses, inflammation, and hemostasis, by collating an update on systemic autoimmune diseases, the therapeutic potential of statins in hemostasis, the effects of adrenergic stimulation on coagulation, the emerging field of physical burnout due to the mobility restrictions in response to the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic imposed worldwide, and the success of community-oriented muscular kinesic rehabilitation. The second section presents engaging results from a survey of iodine intake through the diet of pregnant females, an appraisal of the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine, novel evidence on muscle physiopathology, describing the upregulation of CCL5/RANTES during cholestatic liver disease, the fibrotic response emerging in response to cholic and deoxycholic acids, and the altering effects of bile acids in autophagy and mitogenesis. In the third section, a comprehensive revision of cancer literature is offered with an emphasis on melanoma, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, microRNA-based diagnostic approaches, and new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. Altogether, these individual contributions offer a comprehensive and up-to-date outlook of the current state in the field of molecular pathology.Chapter 14 is available open access under a CreativeCommons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book reviews the central role of hypoxia in cancer initiation and progression. It discusses the mechanisms of hypoxia in chemoresistance, radioresistance, angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, metastasis, metabolic, and genomic instability. It also explores the potential of hypoxia in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The book provides an overview of hypoxia imaging, its biological relevance, and mechanism of action. It helps in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of senescence by hypoxia. It explores the contribution of hypoxia to immune resistance and immune suppression/tolerance and determines the hypoxia-responsive long non-coding RNAs in regulating hypoxic gene expression at chromatin, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Further, it presents the functional link between hypoxia and miRNA expressions and hypoxia-regulated miRNAs in cancer cell survival in a low oxygen environment. Lastly, it discusses the applications of tumor-on-a-chip technology for the understanding of hypoxia-tumor microenvironment. This book is a valuable source for oncologists and scientists working to understand the role of hypoxia in cancer and therapeutic approaches.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and therapy through targeted drug delivery. Advances in protein engineering and materials science have led to the development of nanocarriers (NCs), which have helped overcome the challenges faced during conventional cancer treatment. These nanocarriers serve as an efficient transport module for drugs. Nano-drug delivery has emerged as a promising technology that results in early detection and better treatment of various cancers. The approved nanoparticles currently used in cancer treatment strategies include liposomes, dendrimers, polyplexes, solid lipid nano-carriers, etc. These nanocarriers shall provide a quick, safe, and cost-effective method in cancer therapy and management.This book contains thirteen chapters focusing on the treatment of various cancers, i.e., lung, breast, cervical, ovarian, colon, prostate, head and neck, etc., through nanocarrier drugs. The chapters include reviews on a wide variety of advanced data from existing and ongoing clinical research and major regulatory considerations.

Counseling About Cancer A key resource for all genetic counselors and other healthcare providers, this comprehensive reference has been completely updated and reorganized for its fourth edition Over 50 hereditary cancer predisposition genes have now been identified. Genetic testing can be a powerful tool in assessing individual cancer risk and creating robust medical plans, but can also be a complex process, with personal and familial factors carrying real emotional weight. As such, genetic counseling for patients and their families during the process of genetic testing is critical. Counseling about Cancer: Strategies for Genetic Counseling is the only comprehensive resource available for clinicians who want to understand and apply these dimensions of patient care. This updated and reorganized edition provides detailed information designed to be incorporated in a variety of clinical and health-care contexts. Updated with the latest guidance and research, it promises to continue as the indispensable guide to this challenging subject. Readers of the fourth edition of Counseling about Cancer will also find: New chapters analyzing pediatric cancer syndromes, genetic testing technology, and more Increased focus on gynecological cancer syndromes and related genes Detailed case studies to reinforce themes of each chapter Counseling about Cancer is a useful reference for genetic counselors and other healthcare providers looking to familiarize themselves with best practices of patient counseling and care.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the current state-of-the-art in skin cancer, exploring the recent developments, appraising the current evidence and providing future directions with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration and need for clinical trials. It covers all aspects of skin cancers, including epidemiology, pathology, surgical and non-surgical treatments. It will be a valuable reference for oncologists, dermatologists, dermatopathologists, surgeons, allied health care professionals and other specialists and trainees with a special interest in skin cancer who want to update their knowledge in the multidisciplinary management of such patients. The book will be of interest to medical physicists and radiographers who would like an overview of the current practice in skin cancer. The book can be used by students in medicine, nursing, radiography and medical physics. Features Provides a comprehensive review of all aspects of skin cancer management. Edited by experts in the area, with interdisciplinary and international collaborators. Promotes a'Bigger picture'approach to the topic with multidisciplinary insight.

This book covers a wide range of topics that illustrate the various functions of autophagy in stem cells and offers insights on the mechanisms by which autophagy can regulate stem-cell self-renewal and facilitate specific differentiation programs. Stem cells are unique cells present in most multicellular animals and are essential for their survival. They have two unique properties: the ability to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into one or more cell types. These characteristics of stem cells have found immense therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Autophagy is a crucial membrane trafficking pathway that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis that involves sequestration of non-functional proteins, protein aggregates and damaged organelles in double-membraned vesicles called autophagosomes, which are subsequently targeted to the lysosome for degradation. The primary aim of this book is to provide knowledge of recent developments in our understanding of the role of autophagy in stem cells, including germline stem cells.Autophagy is considered a promising target for many diseases. Significant efforts are being developed to identify specific modulators of autophagy, which will aid in designing combinatorial therapeutic strategies that will allow significant improvements in regenerative medicine.