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Understanding the Behavioral and Medical Impact of Long COVID serves to expand the research around the illness in order to enable health care researchers and practitioners to address the questions that are imperative to individuals suffering from this condition. Through its multi-faceted approach, the book puts forth a maturation of research and interventions that are theoretically sound, empirically valid, innovative, and creative in the Long COVID area.As a scholarly and scientific compilation of Long COVID symptoms and related disorders, this book offers unparalleled insight into the critical developments across medical areas treating this illness. It helps to fill the space that the pandemic had created for knowledge of the condition, and contributes to the emerging emphasis on translational research blending the social sciences and biological fields. By putting forth the most optimal medical care practices in the treatment of complex Long COVID symptoms, this practical anthology will serve as a guide for practicing clinicians in assessment as well as treatment. It will also benefit researchers aiming to gain more understanding of Long COVID through its discussion around the critical developments in other medical areas treating the condition, and paves the way for the collaboration and future research needed to best support the global effort to mitigate the effects of this illness.This book will be essential reading for academics, practitioners, and researchers. It will appeal to individuals engaging with the fields of medicine, public policy, psychology, and for researchers looking to gain clarity about our current understanding of Long COVID. It will further be of interest to public/government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the general public wanting to gain more information about these ambiguous and evasive symptoms.

This book provides a clinical focus on neuroinflammatory diseases as well as a review in pathophysiology and treatment approaches. Organized into six parts, the book begins with a basic review of the immune system and concepts for learning and treating neuroimmune conditions. The next four sections cover specific subfields of neuroimmunology and autoimmune neurology - the clinical and diagnostic features of multiple sclerosis, other autoimmune conditions of the central nervous system, autoimmune conditions of the peripheral nervous system, and systemic autoimmune conditions that affect the nervous system. To conclude, Section six discusses various clinical approaches to specific presentations in neuroimmunology, including pediatric demyelinating diseases. These sections provide practical clinical information to improve the reader's knowledge in this complex field. The chapters are written by world renown authors with extensive knowledge to help provide up to date information. The full scope of autoimmune neurology is discussed, which is a unique feature of this book. Neuroimmunology serves as a resource for those in training including residents and fellows to provide clear clinical reasoning and background in a rapidly advancing field.

Sex Differences in Neurology and Psychiatry, Volume 175, addresses this important issue by viewing major neurological and psychiatric conditions through the lens of sexual dimorphism, providing an entirely novel approach to understanding vulnerability factors, as well as potential new treatment strategies in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. The handbook comprises four major sections: (1) Introduction to sex differences in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, (2) Description of the impact of genetic, epigenetic, sex hormonal and other environmental effects on cerebral sex dimorphism, (3) Review of sex differences in neurologic disorders, and (4) Review of sex differences in psychiatric disorders. - Explores sex differences in human neuroanatomy and neurophysiology - Offers a pathway toward a gender-specific treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders - Provides an overview of the genetics of sex hormones, human brain structure, and function, as well as the epigenetics, environment and social context

This book equips young immunologists and health professionals with a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts and roles of co-signal molecules and in addition presents the latest information on co-stimulation. The first part of the book is devoted to co-signal molecules and the regulation of T cells. Following an initial overview, subsequent chapters examine each co-signal molecule in turn and discuss the mechanisms by which co-signal molecules regulate the different types of T cell. The second part covers various clinical applications, including in autoimmune disease, neurological disorders, transplantation, graft-versus-host disease, and cancer immunotherapy. To date, co-stimulation blockade and co-inhibition blockade have shown beneficial effects and many additional clinical trials targeting co-signal molecules are ongoing. The mechanisms underlying these successful treatments are explained and the future therapeutic potential in the aforementioned diseases is evaluated.Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation will be a valuable reference guide to co-stimulation for basic and clinical researchers in the fields of both immunology and pharmaceutical science.

Neuroinflammation, Second Edition, discusses the role inflammation plays in neuro-inflammatory diseases. As research in neuroinflammation has dramatically increased in recent years, this new edition covers all of the new developments and findings since the first publication nearly a decade ago. Comprehensive coverage of topics includes chapters on multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis and Susac syndrome. New chapters cover the latest research in Epilepsy and Neuroinflammation, Pediatric MS, Pediatric Lupus and Traumatic Brain Injury, amongst other topics. Inflammation is a central mechanism in many neurological diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, brain trauma and meningitis, and it contributes to the generation of pain. Researchers are now beginning to understand the impact of the immune system on different nervous system functions and diseases, ranging from damage, through tolerance, and to modulation and repair. - Comprehensively reviews the latest developments in neuroinflammation and neuro-inflammatory diseases - Written for researchers and clinical practitioners in clinical neuroscience, neurology and immunology - Includes new chapters on Epilepsy and Neuroinflammation, Pediatric MS, Pediatric Lupus and Traumatic Brain Injury

Nutritional supplement research concerning brain health and neurological disease is becoming an important focus. While nutritional supplements are very popular for general health and well being, the effectiveness of common supplements and their impact on general brain health and for the treatment or prevention of neurological disease is not clearly understood. This comprehensive introduction to bioactive nutraceuticals for brain and neurological provides a foundation review for research neuroscientists, clinical neurologists, pharmacology researchers and nutrition scientists on what we know now about these supplements and the brain and where focused research is still necessary. - Foundational review content covering nutrition and brain and neurological health - Reviews known nutritional supplements and impact on brain and neurological health - Comprehensive coverage ideal for research scientists and clinical practitioners

Recent work has implicated inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke and multiple sclerosis. In this book leading experts in the field discuss molecular, in vivo and clinical aspects of neuroinflammation. It is hoped, with the wealth of research being conductied in this area, that novel therapeutic targets will be identified which will allow successful therapeutic intervention in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases.

Accumulation on glia is an active pathological element in many neurological disorders. Gliosis produces neuroinflammation through both neurotrophic and inflammatory means, but the exact mechanism through which this happens remain unclear. It is suspected that damage to neurons activates the growth of glial cells. The proposed book focuses on the interaction between neurons and glia to help elucidate the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders.​

Although more than 10 new antiepileptic drugs have been developed in the past decade, epilepsy remains resistant to drug therapy in about one third of patients, many of whom struggle with the disease their entire lives. Managing these patients is a challenge and requires a structured multidisciplinary approach. The book includes chapters on all issues related to pharmacoresistance in epilepsy and describes recent developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of this disorder. It addresses abnormalities in inhibitory mechanisms, epilepsy-related changes to the immune system, development of pharmacoresistance caused by chronic exposure to antiepileptic drugs, and novel therapeutic strategies for preventing or slowing down the progression of the disease. Clinicians and basic scientists alike will find up-to-date information on the development of pharmacoesistance, as well as reviews of mechanisms associated with epilepsy that may help them consider novel strategies for preventingthe development of pharmacoresistance in the first place. The book also features information on new therapeutic strategies for control of epilepsy, such as transcutaneous electrical stimulation and virtual screening of new antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy: From Genes and Molecules to Promising Therapies is useful to anyone working in the field, whether they're studying epilepsy in the lab or treating it in a doctor's office.”

Today, the neurotoxic and neuroprotective roles of the innate immune reactions in aging, brain injury, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS are widely investigated and highly debated research topics. Nevertheless, several issues remain to be elucidated, notably the earlier cellular events that initiate dysregulation of brain inflammatory pathways. This book has been prepared to provide an overview of the field of neuroimmunology research.

Published since 1959, International Review of Neurobiology is a well-known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research. This volume reviews existing theories and current research surrounding the movement disorder Dyskinesia. - Leading authors review state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future research - Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered - All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist

Führende Experten aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum geben einen Überblick über die neuesten Forschungsergebnisse aus Klinik, Neurobiologie und Psychotherapie der Schizophrenie. Neben aktuellen Therapiekonzepten, sowohl für Ersterkrankte als auch für Mehrfacherkrankte, wird auch auf Alltagsprobleme von Patienten, wie beispielsweise Fahrtauglichkeit unter Antipsychotika, eingegangen. Ausführliche Diskussionen über die Einteilung und Klassifizierung des Formenkreises der Erkrankung, die richtungweisend für die Zukunft sein können, werden in diesem Buch lebendig geführt. Beiträge zur Pharmakogenetik sowie zu den morphologischen und funktionellen Veränderungen des Zentralnervensystems vor Ausbruch und im Laufe der Erkrankung runden diese umfassende Zusammenschau gelungen ab. Dieses Buch bietet eine erschöpfende Darstellung der Zukunftsperspektiven für klinisch und in der Forschung tätige Psychiater.

Viral infections of the central nervous system or neurotropic viruses are often lethal. These diseases range from polio and measles, to rabies, Varicella-zoster, Herpes, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and AIDS. Such infections have profound public health consequences, and the understanding of these diseases involves understanding the interaction between the nervous system and the immune system. This book shows each individual virus, discussing the diseases they cause and the mechanisms by which they cause and spread those diseases. Detection, treatment and prevention are also discussed. Included is coverage of novel and beneficial uses of neurotropic viruses for gene therapy and tumor lysis. Neurotropic Viral Infection has been written in a style suitable for a wide professional audience, and will appeal to anyone from graduate students and postdocs to clinicians and public health professionals.

This multidisciplinary book includes current research papers and reviews in the areas of basic neuroscience, neural mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders. It further includes new approaches for neuroprotective treatments, clinical, neurobiological and treatment aspects of psychiatric disorders. The book was conceived as a celebration of the professional life and work of Peter Riederer to mark the occasion of his retirement.

With cutting-edge contributions from internationally recognized experts and field pioneers, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is the definitive guide to the subject. Formatted in an easily accessible manner, with summaries of key points at the end of each chapter, this guide covers all the essential information clinicians require for daily practice, as well as providing a reader-friendly approach to every aspect of ALS with detailed sections on the clinical features of disease, translational research, patient care and management, and emerging therapies.

Coedited by internationally recognized leaders in gene therapy research, this guide supplies the most recent advances, studies, and expert opinion on gene therapy for neurological disorders. Spanning conditions such as Parkinsons's and Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, stroke, epilepsy, and brain and spinal cord trauma, this reference presents the basic science and applications of recombinant gene products, immune and stem cell-mediated therapeutic strategies, and brain tumor gene therapy.

Am 7. November 1904 wurde der Neubau der „Königlich-Psychiatrischen K- nik in München“ von E. Kraepelin als eigenständige Psychiatrische Univer- tätsklinik feierlich eröffnet. Vom 4. bis 6. November 2004 fanden die Feierli- keiten zum 100-jährigen Klinikjubiläum statt. Bekannte Namen wie Bernhard von Gudden, Emil Kraepelin, Franz Nissl und Alois Alzheimer waren Pioniere des Faches, die an der Psychiatrischen Klinik der Universität München - forscht und mit ihren Entdeckungen die Grundlagen für die nachfolgende Entwicklung des Fachs im Allgemeinen, aber auch für die Schizophrenie- Forschung gelegt haben. Besonders Emil Kraepelin, der von 1904 bis zu seiner Emeritierung im Jahre 1922 Direktor der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik in München war, beschäftigte sich intensiv mit Verlaufsaspekten der Schizophrenie, ein wese- licher Gesichtspunkt von Kraepelins Konzept der „Dementia praecox“ ist vor allem der Langzeitverlauf, der bei dieser Patientengruppe ungünstig ist. In der Tradition der Kraepelin'schen Forschung stehen neben Verlau- untersuchungen vor allem biologisch-psychiatrische Themen wie Genetik, hirnstrukturelle Untersuchungen, aber auch der Akut- und Langzeittherapie bei Schizophrenie. Diese Themen wurden von führenden, schwerpunktmäßig deutschsprachigen Forschern auf dem Symposium vertreten und finden sich in diesem Band wieder. Der vorliegende Band fasst die Beiträge des Symposiums „Aktuelle Aspekte der Pathogenese und Therapie der Schizophrenie“ zusammen und gibt einen breit gefächerten Überblick über aktuelle Fragestellungen zur Schizophrenie von Grundlagenforschung bis zu praktisch-therapeutischen Gesichtspunkten. Die Herausgeber hoffen, dass der Band auf ebenso reges Interesse stößt wie die Symposiumsbeiträge bei der100-Jahr-Feier.

This reference analyzes the cellular and molecular biology and mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and presents the most recent studies on the role of the BBB in the development and initiation of a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions affecting the central nervous system.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an enigmatic immune mediated disease of the central nervous system that affects about 350,000 individuals in the US, and many more around the world. The mechanism of this disease is largely unknown and there is no cure for it. However, there are several well-characterized experimental animal models that help us understand and speculate about potential mechanisms of pathology in this disease. Many of the experimental therapies designed for this disease rely on testing the drugs in animal models before using it in clinical trials. This book combines for the first time the different experimental models for MS (including immune-mediated and viral) under one roof, and highlights aspects that are different or shared among these experimental models. It's aim is to improve our understanding of this devastating disease and help us think about potential additional therapies for it.

Recent research has unearthed new insights into brain disease. In this volume, leading scientists review the latest experimental and clinical findings on how the central nervous system (CNS) responds to injury. Brain Disease encompasses the mechanisms of CNS disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke and traumatic brain inju