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This Open Access book on Complications in Neurosurgery contains the proceedings of the 2nd ICCN conference held in Mumbai in 2019. The work illustrates and discusses key point of intra- and postoperative complications encountered in brain, spine and peripheral nerve surgery. In addition, this compilation addresses topics in ethics, with further contributions covering medico legal and didactic aspects. It draws from the experience of an international team of experts from all subspecialties in neurosurgery, including oncology, vascular, spine, pediatrics and others. The articles were written by renown specialists in the field who are stepping forward to share their valuable professional experience with colleagues following their joint mission to improve future patient care.

This new edition fully updates and expands Faro and Mohamed's Functional Neuroradiology, a gold standard, comprehensive introduction to the state-of-the-art functional imaging in neuroradiology, including the physical principles and clinical applications of Diffusion, Perfusion, Permeability, MR spectroscopy, Positron Emission Tomography, BOLD fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. With chapters written by internationally distinguished neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, cognitive neuroscientists, and physicists, Functional Neuroradiology is divided into 12 major sections, including: Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging, Multi-Modality Functional Neuroradiology, BOLD Functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Presurgical Brain Tumor Mapping, Emerging neuroimaging techniques, Functional Spine and Hydrocephalus imaging, and Neuroanatomical Gray and Whitematter Brain Atlases. This second edition is fully updated throughout and includes more than 15 new chapters on topics such as: Brain tumor Radiogenomics, CNS Tumor Surveillance and Functional MR Perfusion Imaging, CNS Machine Learning, Focused Ultrasound therapy, TBI Sports Related Injury, and CNS Lymphatic system. By offering readers a complete overview of functional imaging modalities and techniques currently used in patient diagnosis and management, as well as emerging technology, Functional Neuroradiology is a vital information source for physicians and cognitive neuroscientists involved in daily practice and research.

This book aims to gather the current knowledge regarding different aspects of brain and spinal cord tumors in order to more efficiently help the patients. Brain tumors comprise about 5–9% of all human neoplasms; and the central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are ranked among the most prevalent neoplasms of childhood as well. The more we know about the nature and characteristic of brain and spinal cord tumors, the more precise decision could be made for each patient, in order to reach the best outcome. While surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been considered as the standards of care for benign and/or malignant CNS tumors since a long time ago, new therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy have been recently proposed to be considered for treatment of CNS tumors, especially as in some cases, the tumors might be inoperable or the patient may not benefit from other treatment modalities after several recurrences. The second volume of the book focuses on clinical aspects of these tumors. Accordingly, the most important brain and spinal cord tumors are specifically discussed in each chapter based on a rational outlining for all chapter in this volume: Background and epidemiology, genetics, immunology and molecular biology, histopathology and morphology, imaging and radiologic features, clinical manifestations, therapeutic approaches, surgical intervention, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, new therapeutic modalities, follow-up, and prognosis. The chapters of this volume discuss the following pathologies of brain and spinal cord tumors: malignant glioma, benign glioma, meningiomas and other meningeal tumors, ependymomas, medulloblastomas, pineal tumors, choroid plexus and ventricular tumors, neuroectodermal tumors of CNS, neuroepithelial tumors of CNS, pituitary gland tumors, craniopharyngioma, schwannomas and nerve-sheet tumors, hemangioblastomas and other vascular originating tumors, brain and spinal tumors of embryonic origin, germ line cell tumors, malignant bone or cartilage-originating tumors of brain and spine, benign bone or cartilage-originating tumors of brain and spine, brain tumors affecting the orbit globe and orbit tumors affecting the brain, CNS lymphomas, metastatic lesions of the brain and spine, malignant spinal tumors, benign spinal tumors, brain and/or spinal cord tumors accompanied with other diseases or syndromes, psychological and psychiatric aspects of brain and spinal cord tumors, a brief explanation on surgical approaches for treatment of different brain tumors. This volume of book is useful for physicians of different specialties, mainly neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuropathologists, and neuroradiologists.

With treatment approaches and the field of neuro-oncology neuroimaging changing rapidly, this third edition of the Handbook of Neuro-Oncology Neuroimaging is very relevant to those in the field, providing a single-source, comprehensive, reference handbook of the most up-to-date clinical and technical information regarding the application of neuroimaging techniques to brain tumor and neuro-oncology patients. This new volume will have updates on all of the material from the second edition, and in addition features several new important chapters covering diverse topics such as imaging for the use of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy, advanced imaging techniques in radiation therapy, therapeutic treatment fields, response assessment in clinical trials, surgical planning of neoplastic disease of the spine, and more. Sections first overview neuro-oncological disorders before delving into the physics and basic science of neuroimaging and great focus on CT and MRI. The book then focuses on advances in the neuroimaging of brain tumors and neuroimaging of specific tumor types. There is also discussion of neuroimaging of other neuro-oncological syndromes. This book will serve as a resource of background information to neuroimaging researchers and basic scientists with an interest in brain tumors and neuro-oncology. - Summarizes translational research on brain imaging for brain tumors - Discusses limitations of neuroimaging for diagnosis and treatment - Presents advanced imaging technologies, including CT, MRI, and PET - Contains new coverage on Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy, radiation therapy, clinical trials, and more

In the growing field of neuro-oncology, the past few years have witnessed rapid advances in tumor classification, treatment modalities, and the role of neurologists and neuro-oncologists. Neuro-Oncology for the Clinical Neurologist is a first-of-its-kind resource that focuses on patient-clinical scenarios relevant to the practicing neurologist—bringing you up to date with everything from basic principles and neuro-oncology imaging consults to neurologic complications of radiation, systemic, and immune-based therapies, and much more. - Focuses on the clinical management of patients typically encountered by neurologists and neurology trainees. - Provides clinically relevant updates in five key areas of neuro-oncology: primary CNS tumors, brain and leptomeningeal metastases, inherited tumor syndromes of the nervous system (e.g. neurofibromatosis), paraneoplastic and immune-mediated neurological complications of cancer, and neurological complications of cancer treatments. - Includes a summary of clinical pearls and a reference list of clinical cases. - Anchors each chapter with patient cases and clinical scenarios, provides evidence-based discussion, and explains patient management. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Intracranial Pressure and Neuromonitoring, held in Leuven, Belgium in September 2019. It provides an overview of the current understanding, underlying research and future perspectives concerning pathophysiology, biophysics, monitoring and management in traumatic and non-traumatic acute brain injury, hydrocephalus and spinal cord injury, including cerebrovascular autoregulation impairment in neurological as well as non-neurological diseases. The peer-reviewed contributions were prepared by specialists in neurosurgery, neurointensive care and neuroanesthesiology, as well as prominent experts from the fields of physiology, clinical and biomedical engineering, mathematics and informatics. The book continues the time-honored tradition of publishing key presentations from the ICP Conferences in order to facilitate their dissemination within the clinical and research community.

This book provides evidence-based management in neuro-oncology covering all aspects such as pathology, radiology, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.The field of neuro-oncology is rapidly evolving and new evidence is coming out every day towards the optimal management of brain tumors. This necessitates a requirement of a complete guide that shall provide an evidence-based and personalized approach towards dealing with patients. This book also covers recent advances in personalized treatment formed through the relevant basis of anatomy, imaging, radiology, surgical, radiation and systemic treatment of brain and spinal tumors. In addition it also covers the, practical aspects of the planning of the Gamma knife and other radio surgical aspects. The book shall provide valuable assistance to practicing neuro-oncologists to practice better evidence-based personalized medicine.

This book documents the state of the art in pediatric neurosurgery with the intention of providing a comprehensive guide to the management of the full range of pediatric neurosurgical disorders that will aid in the delivery of optimal care. Detailed practical instruction, taking into account recent advances, is provided on the neurosurgical treatment of congenital brain malformations, cerebrovascular diseases, head injuries and spinal trauma, infections, functional disorders, congenital and developmental spinal disorders, and brain and spinal tumors. Pearls and pitfalls are highlighted, and attention drawn to the most useful tips and tricks. Information is also included on relevant related topics, including the principles of neuroimaging, the physiological responses of newborns, infants, and children to neurosurgical trauma, preoperative evaluation, anesthesiology and intensive care, and other forms of therapy. The authors are renowned experts in the field, and the text is supportedby a wealth of high-quality images. Handbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery will be of value for neurosurgeons of all levels of experience, as well as for pediatricians, neuroradiologists, neuropathologists, and neuro-oncologists.

This second edition comes at a time of a paradigm shift in understanding of the molecular pathology and neuroscience of brain and spinal tumors of childhood and their mechanisms of growth within the developing brain. Excellent collaborative translational networks of researchers are starting to drive change in clinical practise through the need to test many ideas in trials and scientific initiatives. This text reflects the growing concern to understand the impact of the tumour and its treatment upon the full functioning of the child's developing brain and to integrate the judgments of the risks of acquiring brain damage with the risk of death and the consequences for the quality of life for those who survive. Information on the principles of treatment has been thoroughly updated. A chapter also records the extraordinary work done by advocates. All medical and allied professionals involved in any aspect of the clinical care of these patients will find this book an invaluable resource.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the multidisciplinary management of meningiomas, followed by evaluation and management considerations along a spectrum of benign to more malignant behavior. It outlines the management of presumed Grade 1 tumors and how to identify features of tumors radiographically and clinically that may support a benign course rather than aggressive and vice versa. Following a stepwise progression from simple to complex, chapters introduce and tackle more aggressive meningiomas and tumor recurrence (of all Grades), with paradigms for evaluation and treatment. Tumor biology and genomics are fundamental and largely focused in the book. More recent findings which have directed personalized medicine and clinical trials are also addressed. Meningiomas: Comprehensive Strategies for Management addresses all aspects of the evaluation and care of patients with all WHO grades of meningiomas. It is highly informative and provides clarity for a wide audience of neurosurgeons, reconstructive surgeons, oncologists, neurologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, residents and students who treat these patients and those who are training for a career in managing patients with these potentially challenging tumors.

Meningiomas, Volume 169, Part One, serves as a comprehensive review of the neurosurgical issues surrounding this extremely common brain tumor. Few procedures in surgery are more immediately formidable than an attack upon a large tumor of this type. In this volume of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology, experts in the field - from basic scientists to skilled neurosurgeons - have provided up-to-date synopses of each topic as it relates to this class of tumor. Surgical and radiation therapy, which remain the mainstays of treatment, are a major focus, but coverage also includes potential molecular avenues for the development of effective medical treatments. - Provides current reviews of neurosurgical issues, such as endoscopic surgery, molecular biology of meningiomas, and the role of different radiation oncology treatment modalities and drug therapies - Addresses multiple patient populations – children, elderly and those with multiple or radiation-induced tumors - Offers a strong focus on anatomy and surgical approaches - Features leaders in neurosurgery and neuro-oncology from around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available

This book illustrates in a unique way the most common diseases affecting the human nervous system using different imaging modalities derived from radiology, nuclear medicine, and neuropathology. The features of the diseases are visualized on computerized tomography (CT)-scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scans, nuclear medicine scans, surgical intraoperative as well as gross-anatomy and histology preparations. For each disease entity, the structural changes are illustrated in a correlative comparative way based on the various imaging techniques. The brain diseases are presented in a systematic way allowing the reader to easily find the topics in which she or he is particularly interested. In Part 1 of the book, the imaging techniques are described in a practical, straightforward way. The morphological built-up of the normal human brain and its vascular supply are presented in Part 2. The chapters of the subsequent Parts 3 to 10 deal with the following diseases involving the nervous system including: hemodynamic, vascular, infectious, neurodegenerative, demyelination, epilepsy, trauma and intoxication, and tumors. The authors incite the clinician to see the cell, the tissue, the organ, the disorder by enabling him to recognize brain lesions or interpreting histologic findings and to correlate this knowledge with molecular biologic concepts. Thus, this book bridges the gap between neuro-clinicians, neuro-imagers and neuro-pathologists. The information provided will facilitate the understanding of the disease processes in the daily routine work of neurologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neuropathologists, and all allied clinical disciplines.

Since the first edition of this book, the impressive development of neuroendoscopy has dramatically changed the surgical approach to hydrocephalus, the main pathology pediatric neurosurgeons worldwide have to deal with. This revised and updated second edition, written by worldwide leaders in the field, fully reflects this progress: not only existing chapters have been reviewed whenever required, but new ones have been added thus taking into consideration every aspect of hydrocephalus, even when associated with the rarest pathologies. The general part include now more data on history, biomechanics, circulation and molecular basis. Special consideration for fetal surgery has been added, whereas the section on neonatal hydrocephalus has been further developed. Section 4, on the different pathologies associated with hydrocephalus, has been significantly expanded. and is now amazingly detailed, as well as the section on shunt treatment. Infections are now dealt with in two different chapters, and special attention to shunt complications (the nightmare of every Pediatric Neurosurgeon.) is paid in five different chapters. A very complete overview of the endoscopic treatment, that will surely draw the reader's attention thanks to the wonderful full color images, is also included. Written by acknowledged experts in the field, this title is an indispensable tool for all those facing this pathology in their daily practice.

This book reviews the principles and applications of radiotherapy in the management of pediatric brain tumors to allow the reader to gain a full appreciation of the major aspects involved in caring for these patients. Individual sections are devoted to basic principles, specific management for the full range of tumor entities, radiotherapy techniques, and potential toxicities and their management. The book is written and edited by world leaders in pediatric radiotherapy, and care has been taken to cover the latest advances in diagnosis and radiotherapy techniques.Pediatric brain tumors represent a diverse group of neoplasms that require carefully planned management for successful definitive treatment. Radiotherapy is one of the fundamental components in treatment for the majority of these vulnerable patients. The optimal radiation therapy approach will depend on multiple factors, including tumor type and location, extent of disease, age of the patient, and other therapies. Athorough understanding of the natural history of the disease, communication with the multidisciplinary team, full knowledge of available radiotherapy techniques, and consideration of potential acute and late toxicities are therefore essential for each patient.

This unique title is designed to illustrate and foster how a closer working relationship between pediatricians and subspecialists can make childhood medicine work more seamlessly. Despite the common lack of training for pediatricians in pediatric neurosurgery, they are challenged almost daily with caring for children with neurologic conditions. Common Neurological Conditions in the Pediatric Practice is replete with a wide range of instructional case vignettes and is organized into sections that loosely approximate the neurologic development of a child and address issues that are commonly encountered. The first section reviews neurologic development and birth related trauma commonly seen in the neonatal intensive care unit. The second part addresses findings commonly encountered by a pediatrician in a child's first month of life. The third section is a comprehensive review of hydrocephalus. Part four describes state of the art imaging techniques for the central nervoussystem in children, from pre-natal ultrasound through MRI and CT; and the fifth part consists of individual explorations of common neurosurgical conditions that many pediatricians are uncomfortable managing, including brain tumors, spasticity, and vascular lesions to use as a reference tool when caring for a complex neurosurgical patient. Finally a series of chapters related to head trauma, including sections on non-accidental trauma and concussion management, completes the text.

This book, written by experts from across the world, provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview covering all aspects of posterior fossa neoplasms in pediatric patients, including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, cerebellar astrocytoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, chordoma, brain stem tumors, and rarer entities. For each tumor type, individual chapters are devoted to genetics, radiological evaluation using advanced imaging techniques, surgery, pathology, oncology, and radiation treatment. In addition, a separate section describes the various surgical approaches that may be adopted and offers guidance on the treatment of hydrocephalus and the role of intraoperative mapping and monitoring. Useful information is also provided on anatomy, clinical presentation, neurological evaluation, and molecular biology. The book closes by discussing in detail immediate postoperative care, the management of surgical complications, and longer-term rehabilitation and support. Posterior fossa tumors are the most common pediatric brain tumors but are often difficult to treat owing to their proximity to critical brain structures and their tendency to cause marked intracranial hypertension. Practitioners of all levels of experience will find Posterior Fossa Tumors in Children to be a richly illustrated, state of the art guide to the management of these tumors that will serve as an ideal reference in clinical practice.

While the first edition of this book provided a succinct introduction to pediatric neuro-oncology, biological knowledge of childhood CNS tumors has “exploded” over the past few years and a new edition of this textbook is needed to keep it up-to-date. This updated edition will include chapters on cancer predisposition in children with brain tumors, gliomas, embryonal brain tumors, ependymoma, CNS-GCT, targeted therapies in pediatric brain tumors, and long-term sequelae. New developments covered include the following: - Techniques like DNA methylation have improved the diagnostic process, and have led to an integrated diagnosis of histology, ICH and methylation. - Tumor pathways have been detected, which defines more subgroups within a tumor entity, and results in more individualized treatment for the patient. - Therapeutic options outside the standard combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation have either been implemented within the last years, or are currently under consideration. This book will be aimed at pediatric oncologists and neurooncologists, neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists. Chapters detailing quality of life and supportive care will make this 2nd edition a useful resource for nurses, social workers, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists alike.

“The editors…have done an outstanding job of presenting…complex information in a lucid manner – this book is a must-read for the global community of aspiring students and neuro-oncology practitioners.” Amar Gajjar, MD in the ForewordThis is a succinct introduction to pediatric neuro-oncology. It summarizes the key advances in molecular biology that have helped transform this rapidly evolving field and provides up-to-date coverage of major and emerging treatment modalities as well as supportive care. Separate chapters present each kind of pediatric brain cancer and its diagnosis and treatment. As more children survive brain cancer, the importance of quality of life issues and helping survivors to cope with the neuropsychological impact and long-term effects of current therapies has come into sharper focus; these topics are also addressed in the book, as are palliative care and pediatric neuro-oncology in countries with limited resources. The book is aimed at trainees and practitioners who seek an up-to-date text in pediatric neuro-oncology that is both comprehensive and concise.

In the last few years, increasing effort has been devoted to better define the characteristics of tissue damage occurring outside MRI-visible lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and, as a consequence, to improve our understanding of the disease pathobiology and of the mechanisms leading to the accumulation of irreversible disability. This book provides an updated review of the results obtained by leading research groups in this field. The potential clinical applications of what has been shown so far, as well as the areas for future research in the study of normal-appearing white and gray matter damage in MS are extensively discussed, making this book a valuable tool for clinical neurologists who are involved in the daily-life care of MS patients and for neuroscientists involved in MS research.

The topography of the brainstem is complex, and even experienced neurologists find it challenging to localize brainstem lesions and diagnose brainstem disorders. This richly illustrated book provides a comprehensive review of brainstem disorders and presents the clinical knowledge necessary for diagnosis. The opening sections document the brainstem neuroanatomy and discuss current diagnostic methods. The entire spectrum of clinical findings in brainstem disorders is then described, and topodiagnostic aspects of the neurological findings are explained in detail. The descriptions of brain stem disorders are consistently structured and are supported by many MR images and short case reports. In addition to primary brainstem lesions, such as vascular brainstem syndromes, other disorders are considered that do not exclusively show brainstem symptoms or signs, e.g., multiple sclerosis. This book will serve as an invaluable reference work for neurologists in clinical practice or further education.

Functional Neuroradiology: Principles and Clinical Applications, is a follow-up to Faro and Mohamed's groundbreaking work, Functional (BOLD)MRI: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications. This new 49 chapter textbook is comprehensive and offers a complete introduction to the state-of-the-art functional imaging in Neuroradiology, including the physical principles and clinical applications of Diffusion, Perfusion, Permeability, MR spectroscopy, Positron Emission Tomography, BOLD fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. With chapters written by internationally distinguished neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, cognitive neuroscientists, and physicists, Functional Neuroradiology is divided into 9 major sections, including: Physical principles of all key functional techniques, Lesion characterization using Diffusion, Perfusion, Permeability, MR spectroscopy, and Positron Emission Tomography, an overview of BOLD fMRI physical principles and key concepts, including scanning methodologies, experimental research design, data analysis, and functional connectivity, Eloquent Cortex and White matter localization using BOLD fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Clinical applications of BOLD fMRI in Neurosurgery, Neurology, Psychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Neuropharmacology, Multi-modality functional Neuroradiology, Beyond Proton Imaging, Functional spine and CSF imaging, a full-color Neuroanatomical Brain atlas of eloquent cortex and key white matter tracts and BOLD fMRI paradigms.By offering readers a complete overview of functional imaging modalities and techniques currently used in patient diagnosis and management, as well as emerging technology, Functional Neuroradiology is a vital information source for physicians and cognitive neuroscientists involved in daily practice and research.

Pediatric CNS Tumors is a detailed review of childhood brain tumors with a particular emphasis on providing treatment algorithms for each tumor type. Controversies and current therapeutic agents under development are also discussed. The second edition includes expanded chapters on embryonal tumors, rare tumor types, and supportive care for patients with brain tumors.

Clinical MR Neuroimaging, second edition, provides radiologists, neuroscientists and researchers with a clear understanding of each physiological MR methodology and their applications to the major neurological diseases. Section 1 describes the physical principles underlying each technique and their associated artefacts and pitfalls. Subsequent sections review the application of MRI in a range of clinical disorders: cerebrovascular disease, neoplasia, infection/inflammation/demyelination disorders, seizures, psychiatric/neurodegenerative conditions, and trauma. This new edition includes all recent advances and applications, with greatly increased coverage of permeability imaging, susceptibility imaging, iron imaging, MR spectroscopy and fMRI. All illustrations are completely new, taking advantage of the latest scan capabilities to give images of the highest possible quality. In addition, over 35 new case studies have been included. Editors and contributors are the leading neuroimaging experts worldwide; their unique combination of technical knowledge and clinical expertise makes Clinical MR Neuroimaging the leading text on the subject.

The physiological magnetic resonance techniques of diffusion imaging, perfusion imaging and spectroscopy offer insights into brain structure, function and metabolism. Until recently, they were mainly applied within the realm of medical research, but with their increasing availability on clinical MRI machines, they are now coming into clinical practice for the evaluation of neuropathology in individual patients. This book provides the reader with a thorough review of the underlying physical principles of each of these methods, as well as comprehensive coverage of their clinical applications. Topics covered include single- and multiple-voxel MRS techniques, MR perfusion based on both arterial spin labelling and dynamic bolus tracking approaches, and diffusion-weighted imaging, including techniques for mapping brain white matter fiber bundles. Clinical applications are reviewed in depth for each technique, with case reports included throughout the book. Attention is also drawn to possible artifacts and pitfalls associated with these techniques.

This reference analyzes the cellular and molecular biology and mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and presents the most recent studies on the role of the BBB in the development and initiation of a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions affecting the central nervous system.