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This extensively updated edition provides a comprehensive review of intensive care for neurologically injured patients from the emergency room and ICU through the operating room and post-surgical period in two comprehensive volumes. The Editors of this first volume present a comprehensive textbook that incorporates best practice/evidence-based medicine and performance improvement, while it champions the three characteristics needed in our neuro–ICUs: patient and family centered high-quality care, education, and discovery. This volume concentrates on neuroanatomy, diagnostic assessment and disease management, examining the neurological problems most frequently seen in intensive care, and describes the various types of neurosurgery and critical features of the management of patients. General issues are discussed across the textbook, such as cardiac care, fluids and electrolytes, nutrition, and monitoring as well as more specific conditions and complications including elevated intracranial pressure, seizures, and altered mental states. Listening to an injured brain is not easy. It takes knowledge, dedication, and understanding of the critically ill patient and their family. Textbook of Neurointensive Care Volume 1: Neuroanatomy, Diagnostic Assessment, Disease Management provides the reader with a detailed resource for studying this most complex area of medicine. It is thus essential reading for all trainees and professionals in critical care, neurosurgery, anesthesia and neurology.

Strokes are divided into two groups: ischemic strokes (85%) and hemorrhagic strokes (15%). Brain tissue is very sensitive to ischemia. When the blood flow is interrupted in the vessels feeding the brain, permanent damage occurs within minutes in the areas fed by that vessel. Especially in large vessel occlusions, an irreversible area called ischemic nucleus occurs in areas where the minute blood flow falls below the critical level. There are different blood flow belts that increase from the regions surrounding the ischemic nucleus towards the periphery and are fed by collateral vascular systems. Infarcts have not yet occurred in these areas under ischemic stress. This region is called the penumbra. This area can be saved by opening the vessel in suitable patients presented in the acute period. This is valid for vascular occlusion, but not for brain hemorrhages. Rarely, if an aneurysm is detected in subarachnoid hemorrhages, angiographic intervention may be required to prevent re-bleeding. Early and appropriate treatment of a stroke, which is important in terms of mortality and morbidity, is of vital importance. In our book, the identification and prevention of risk factors, as well as stroke treatment, will be covered. In this context, our book is intended to be a resource for medical doctors and students.

Published in 1997 as the first single-authored book on critical care neurology, The Practice of Emergency and Critical Care Neurology serves as a comprehensive guide to managing all aspects of critically ill neurologic patients. Following patients from the moment they enter the emergency department, this textbook demonstrates how specialists in the neurosciences assume full responsibility for patient care. Edited succinctly for relevance, this book differs from conventional textbooks by following the time course of clinical complexities as they emerge and change, instead of focusing on just the theoretical aspects of the field. Great emphasis is placed on the management of unstable and deteriorating patients. As any patient presents a unique, complex problem, the book pays special care in describing the considerations behind the rapid-fire decisions that comprise the work environment of the neurointensivist. In this new third edition, all chapters have been revised with added information and, in some, new concepts and ideas. Key features of this new edition include: 1. Additional chapters on the basics of neuroimaging and its interpretation; basic pharmacology issues in the intensive care setting (e.g., drug interactions and side effects); intoxications; the principles of critical care ultrasound and its relevance in the NeuroICU and the principles of neuro palliation including neuroethics 2. Rich illustrations using color photos of patients and drawings of important basic concepts of mechanisms in diseases of neurocritical care 3. Fully updated and comprehensive reference list 4. Narrated instruction video of the coma FOUR score

This second edition updates established evidence for contemporary management of ischemic stroke. Therapeutics for acute management, secondary prevention, recovery, rehabilitation, asymptomatic cerebral ischemia, special populations, and implementation of stroke systems of care are all discussed. Chapters are authored by leading academicians from around the world with real-world clinical practice experience, and comprise the scientific rationale and expert consensus recommendations, which underlie prevailing (and possibly future) therapeutic strategies for managing ischemic cerebrovascular disease. New chapter topics include neuroprotectants, treatment of the oldest old, brain-computer interfaces, disparities, and the global burden. The specialist or general practitioner will gain critical knowledge in stroke management, current clinical challenges and promising new therapies under investigation.

Migraine Biology, Diagnosis, and Co-Morbidities, Volume 195 covers a wide range of issues related to migraine. The epidemiology, global and personal impacts of migraine are covered, including topics on the pathophysiology of migraine and migraine aura, the pathophysiology of the associated symptoms of photophobia and phonophobia, and the genetics of migraine. The classification and diagnostic criteria of common and uncommon subtypes of migraine are also explored in detail, including childhood variants. Issues related to the diagnosis and management of vestibular migraine and the co-morbid disorder of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness are also covered. The important comorbidities of migraine such as anxiety, depression and other forms of chronic pain will also be discussed, along with the current state and future directions of migraine research and management. - Summarizes research and clinical information on the pathophysiology of migraines - Explores the pathophysiology of aura, photophobia, and phonophobia - Discusses migraine triggers - Reviews migraine subtypes and comorbid conditions in migraine - Explores the relationship of migraine to chronic pain and cerebrovascular and psychological conditions - Concludes with future directions in migraine research and treatment

This textbook addresses the classical use of Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Sonography (TCCS), focusing on the usefulness of neurological monitoring beyond classical acute brain injuries present in the daily intensive care medical practice. It encompasses a wide range of critical pathologies where neurological impact is part of clinical evolution, offering practical approaches for managing, application and interpretation of neurosonology to assist the physician to making real-time individualized decisions at bedside.It is an academic guide developed and edited by international experts being a very useful resource in daily practice for intensivists, neurologists, neurosurgeons and other specialists involving in critical care.

This book functions as a resource for providers who treat patients with neuro-ophthalmic conditions. Using an evidence-based approach to controversial management decisions, the material is presented in a digestible, case-based format. Divided into six sections, the book begins with an introduction to its framework, format, and purpose. Following this, sections two, three, and four discuss various optic neuropathies, ocular motility disorders, and transient visual symptoms. The concluding sections then address neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of pain, including migraine and post-concussive syndrome, and systemic diseases, such as giant cell arteritis. Each chapter focuses on cases that are historically complex, or which have undergone a recent shift in traditional management due to new scientific discoveries or newly available therapies. Controversies in Neuro-Ophthalmic Management presents essential, thorough information on management options and the data for their use to provide the best care for patients.

In diesem Nachschlagewerk finden Fachärzte und Assistenten in der Weiterbildung zum Neurologen einen umfangreichen Wissenspool für ihr Fach. Alles, was Sie für den Alltag in Klinik und Praxis und für die Facharztprüfung benötigen, ist hier übersichtlich und umfassend zusammengestellt. Das Werk ist in gut lesbare, überschaubare Kapitel zu relevanten neurologischen Erkrankungen und Krankheitsgruppen aufgebaut, in denen Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapieoptionen systematisch und anhand zahlreicher farbiger Abbildungen vermittelt werden. Nachbardisziplinen und diagnostische Verfahren sind mit einbezogen, als neue Themen wurden u.a. Autoimmunenzephalitiden und die Palliativmedizin aufgenommen. Anschauliche Fallbeispiele sorgen für hohe Praxisnähe. Nützlich für den angehenden Facharzt und für alle zur Wissensüberprüfung sind Fragen am Kapitelende.

This comprehensive reference book of coronary microcirculation broadly covers theoretical aspects, clinical cases and therapeutic considerations from an innovative perspective. Topics covered include: ischemic heart disease, silent cerebral damage, heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy arrhythmias, and cerebral and renal microcirculation.Microcirculation: From Bench to Bedside underlines the clinical importance of addressing coronary microcirculation with relevant clinical examples that are often encountered by practitioners. It therefore provides a critical resource on microcirculation for both specialist and non-specialist practitioners.

Das interdisziplinäre Buch wendet sich an alle Neurologen und Kardiologen sowie Allgemein-Internisten, die mit den Berührungspunkten zwischen Kardiologie und Neurologie konfrontiert sind. 30-40% der Schlaganfälle haben eine kardiogene Ursache. Liegt diese zum Beispiel in einem erstmalig entdeckten Vorhofflimmern, stellt sich Frage, was bei dessen Behandlung zu beachten ist. Welche weitere kardiologische Diagnostik benötigt der Patient und welche Antikoagulation? Diese und andere Fragen zu den vielfältigen Schnittpunkten zwischen Kardiologie und Neurologie beantwortet dieses Buch. Es schärft das Verständnis sowohl für kardiologische Aspekte neurologischer Erkrankungen als auch für neurologische Komorbiditäten kardiologischer Syndrome.

This 9-volume set covers a wide range of topics, including: childhood vasculitic stroke; anosognosia; stroke-rehabilitation games; electrical stimulation; vasculitis.

A practical textbook, based on a problem-oriented workflow, that will improve patients'likelihood of full recovery from stroke and prevent future strokes from occurring Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and is in the top five causes of death globally. Warlow's Stroke: Practical Management, 4th Edition takes a problem-oriented approach and addresses the questions posed by a stroke patient in the order they are likely to present in clinical practice, for instance,'Is it a stroke?','What sort of stroke?','What caused it?', and'What can be done about it?'. Beginning with chapters phrased as questions, the book walks the reader through a standard clinical workflow, exploring the practical skills and assessment required at each stage of patient management. Early chapters cover: locating the vascular lesion, identifying the involved arterial territory, the role imaging should play, and the application thereof. Subsequent chapters look at what causes a transient or persistent ischemic event, an intracerebral hemorrhage and a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Unusual causes of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack are also covered. The book then presents a practical approach to the management of stroke and transient ischemic attack; offers specific treatments for acute ischemic stroke and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; provides ways for professionals to prevent first or recurrent stroke; and more. Final chapters of the book discuss rehabilitation after stroke, how patients and carers can be supported in the short term and long term, prevention of recurrent stroke, and the organization of stroke services. Warlow's Stroke: Practical Management, 4th Edition Follows clinical workflow for stroke analysis Features evidence-based approach throughout Offers practical application aimed at improving patient outcomes Written and edited by internationally renowned experts in the field An essential resource for all practitioners involved in the care of patients who suffer from cerebrovascular disease, but particularly suitable for neurologists, residents, geriatricians, stroke physicians, radiologists and primary care physicians.

Etwa 25 Prozent aller Schlaganfälle sind kryptogen, was in der Praxis bedeutet, dass die Schlaganfallursache unklar bleibt. Das sind immerhin etwa 300.000 neue kryptogene Schlaganfall-Patienten pro Jahr in Europa und Nordamerika. Die jährliche Schlaganfall-Rezidivrate dieser Patientengruppe liegt bei 3-6 Prozent. Diese Monographie legt neben einer historischen Einleitung detailliert die ESUS-Diagnosekriterien (ein neues pathophysiologisches Konzept des kryptogenen Schlaganfalls), demographische Daten, die einzusetzende apparative Zusatzdiagnostik sowie die leitliniengestützten Therapien mit Ausblick auf die derzeit laufenden ESUS-Therapiestudien dar.

The incidence of stroke in younger adults is rising, with approximately 5% of all ischaemic strokes occurring in individuals younger than 45 years and 10% occurring in those under 50. Causes and risk factor profiles among young ischaemic stroke patients differ significantly from those in elderly patients, and young patients frequently have genetic or other rare causes which require different diagnostic work-up and treatment strategies from older stroke patients. While the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of stroke are commonly covered elsewhere, there is little literature referring specifically to the treatment needs for younger stroke patients. Ischaemic Stroke in the Young brings together the latest research from leading stroke teams, and takes a detailed diagnostic approach to explore the issues particular to younger stroke victims. This problem-based approach complements existing stroke volumes, providing physicians and stroke service staff with the specific diagnostic and treatment information they need when dealing with younger stroke patients.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. An engagingly written text that bridges the gap between neuroanatomy and clinical neurology A Doody's Core Title for 2020! “A wonderfully readable, concise, but by no means superficial book that fits well in the current pedagogic environment.” From the Foreword by Allan H. Ropper, MD Clinical Neurology and Neuroanatomy delivers a clear, logical discussion of the complex relationship between neuroanatomical structure and function and neurologic disease. Written in a clear, concise style, this unique text offers a concise overview of fundamental neuroanatomy and the clinical localization principles necessary to diagnose and treat patients with neurologic diseases and disorders. Unlike other neurology textbooks that either focus on neuroanatomy or clinical neurology, Clinical Neurology and Neuroanatomy integrates the two in manner which simulates the way neurologists learn, teach, and think. Clinical Neurology and Neuroanatomy is divided into two main sections. In Part 1, clinically relevant neuroanatomy is presented in clinical context in order to provide a framework for neurologic localization and differential diagnosis. The diseases mentioned in localization-based discussions of differential diagnosis in Part 1 are then discussed in clinical detail with respect to their diagnosis and management in Part 2. Part 1 can therefore be consulted for a neuroanatomical localization-based approach to symptom evaluation, and Part 2 for the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of neurologic diseases. FEATURES • A clear, concise approach to explaining the complex relationship between neuroanatomical structure and function and neurologic disease • Numerous full-color illustrations and high resolution MRI and CT scans • Explanatory tables outline the clinical features, characteristics, and differential diagnosis of neurologic diseases and disorders

This updated edition of Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management delivers convenient access to the latest research findings and management approaches for cerebrovascular disease. Picking up from where J. P. Mohr and colleagues left off, a new team of editors — Drs. Grotta, Albers, Broderick, Kasner, Lo, Mendelow, Sacco, and Wong — head the sixth edition of this classic text, which is authored by the world's foremost stroke experts. Comprehensive, expert clinical guidance enables you to recognize the clinical manifestations of stroke, use the latest laboratory and imaging studies to arrive at a diagnosis, and generate an effective medical and surgical treatment plan. Abundant full-color CT images and pathology slides help you make efficient and accurate diagnoses. Data from late-breaking endovascular trials equips you with recent findings. Includes comprehensive coverage of advances in molecular biology of cell death; risk factors and prevention; advances in diagnostics and stroke imaging; and therapeutic options, including a thorough review of thrombolytic agents and emerging data for endovascular therapy. Features brand-new chapters on Intracellular Signaling: Mediators and Protective Responses; The Neurovascular Unit and Responses to Ischemia; Mechanisms of Cerebral Hemorrhage; Stroke Related to Surgery and Other Procedures; Cryptogenic Stroke; and Interventions to Improve Recovery after Stroke. Highlights new information on genetic risk factors; primary prevention of stroke; infectious diseases and stroke; recovery interventions such as robotics, brain stimulation, and telerehabilitation; and trial design. Details advances in diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (including CT angiography and CT perfusion), MRI (including MR perfusion techniques), and angiography. Includes extracted and highlighted evidence levels. Expert Consult eBook version included with print purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references on a variety of devices. The content can also be downloaded to tablets and smart phones for offline use.

This complete resource captures state-of-the-art strategies and the accelerated pace of discovery that is revolutionizing what is known about ischemic stroke and its treatment. Therapeutics for acute management, secondary prevention, recovery, rehabilitation, asymptomatic cerebral ischemia, and implementation of stroke systems of care are all discussed in this comprehensive yet practical guide. Chapters are authored by leading academicians with extensive clinical practice experience from all over the world and feature the scientific evidence behind prevailing therapeutic strategies for managing ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The specialist or general practitioner will gain critical knowledge in stroke management, current clinical challenges and promising new therapies under investigation.

In diesem Nachschlagewerk finden Sie als Intensivmediziner auf einer neurologischen oder neurochirurgischen Intensivstation das spezielle intensivmedizinischen zur Versorgung Ihrer Patienten: Neuroprotektion, Neuromonitoring sowie die Prinzipien der Diagnostik und Therapie spezieller neurologischer Krankheitsbilder sind systematisch und praxisnah beschrieben sowie wissenschaftlich fundiert dargestellt.Die 3. Auflage wurde komplett aktualisiert und um die Themen Dysphagiemanagement sowie PRES, RCVS erweitert. Das erfahrene und interdisziplinäre Herausgeberteam aus Neurologen, Neurochirurgen und Anästhesisten garantiert „Know- how'auf höchstem Niveau: perfekt als Praxisbuch und Nachschlagewerk.

Stroke is a major health concern worldwide, and the epidemiological data is staggering. One in six people will have a stroke during the course of their life; it is the second most common cause of death; and stroke also ranks second among causes contributing to the global burden of disability. However, the burden of stroke can be alleviated: it is potentially preventable, treatable, and possible to manage long term. Despite continuing advances in our knowledge about this disease, there is currently still a large evidence-to-clinical practice gap in all regions. The Oxford Textbook of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease is a comprehensive textbook on clinical stroke, covering all major aspects of cerebrovascular disease including epidemiology, risk factors, primary prevention, pathophysiology, diagnostics, clinical features, acute therapies, secondary prevention, prognosis, and rehabilitation. It makes use of current pedagogic principles, and includes not only aspects on management in the acute hospital phase of stroke, but also public health issues, prevention, long-term management, and silent vascular disease (which is becoming increasingly epidemic in the general population). Topical aspects also include advice to improve clinical skills in examination, diagnosing, and treating stroke. The text also covers the fields of silent cerebrovascular disease (silent brain infarcts, microbleeds, white matter ischemic abnormalities) that more recently have been recognized to be highly prevalent in the general population, and that carry important risks on vascular events and cognitive decline/dementia. Chapters are written by a most distinguished group of international experts in the field of stroke from around the world, and have been carefully edited to ensure consistency in style and clarity of contents. The concurrent online version allows access to the full content of the textbook, contains links from the references to primary research journal articles, allows full text searches, and provides access to figures and tables that can be downloaded to PowerPoint®. Practical, easy to use, yet detailed with respect to pathophysiology, diagnostics, and management, this text provides a source of reference for the detection and management of all stroke and less common cerebrovascular diseases for practising and trainee neurologists, geriatricians, and all stroke physicians and clinicians.

Migraine has evolved into a giant puzzle and its literature comprises a vast loosely linked enterprise challenging human problem solving capacity. There is no central idea in migraine to elaborate a general theory which in turn could ultimately lead to creation of a unifying hypothesis that collects the various strands of evidences into a coherent and logically defensible intelligible synthesis. Current pathogenetic concepts of migraine, in particular cortical spreading depression (CSD), do not focus on the precise onset of the attack. Neither the aura nor the headache represents the true beginning of a migraine attack. The primary or causal physiological alteration underlying migraine lies in the ‘pre-prodromal'phase, the variable interim between exposure to the headache-provoking stimulus or situation and the onset of the migraine prodrome. The migraine prodrome itself can last several hours to a few days. Since CSD is believed to underlie both the migrainous scintillating scotoma as well as the headache, it cannot be regarded as an early or initial ‘pre-prodromal'physiological event. The biology of migraine is not the study of laboratory ‘markers'but the elucidation of physiological forces (trait and/or state factors) that push (precipitate) or pull (predispose) patients towards aura/headache or aura/headache-free state. The pathophysiology of migraine has been hitherto confined to analyses of diverse precipitating and remitting factors and uncertain postulations about recorded laboratory aberrations into presumptive causal algorithms. The key cranial physiological system involved in migraine remains unidentified. Migraine attacks occur during stress and, more commonly, after cessation of stress. The author has earlier proposed that a physiological neuroendocrine ‘system'comprised of well-regulated parallel activation of the vasopressinergic, intrinsic brain serotonergic, and intrinsic brain noradrenergic systems constitutes an important adaptive mechanism that governs vascular integrity, antinociception, behavior and overall function during stressful occasions, including migraine attacks. Such a conceptual template can be used to segregate the vast phenomenology of migraine into primary pathogenetic or secondary non-pathogenetic divisions; non-pathogenetic migrainous phenomena can be further subdivided into adaptive and concomitant (epiphenomenal) physiological events. Nausea and/or vomiting, facial pallor, Raynaud's phenomenon, episodic daytime sleepiness, and relative hypotension (both spontaneous as well as induced by prophylactic anti-migraine pharmacologic agents) likely reflect the non-pathogenetic (adaptive or epiphenomenal) clinical components of migraine. The pathophysiological basis of aura/headache and nausea/vomiting of migraine is very unlikely to be identical. Exogenous magnesium does not readily cross the intact blood-brain barrier and decreases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Magnesium depletion appears to serve an important adaptive function; its utility in migraine management is not convincing. Magnesium depletion, platelet activation, peripheral alterations in serotonin and catecholamine metabolism, hyper-responsiveness of brain noradrenergic, serotonergic, vasopressinergic, and dopaminergic systems, parasympathetic nevous system activation, pupillary miosis, and cutaneous allodynia probably represent some of the secondary adaptive physiological mechanisms operative in migraine. A critical or central role for brain neuronal involvement in migraine pathogenesis appears unikely as established migraine preventive agents like atenolol, nadolol, and verapamil do not readily cross the intact blood-brain barrier or influence brain neuronal function. Antidepressants, including amitriptyline, induce brain noradrenergic and serotonergic hyperfunction, rendering highly unlikely that such brain states underlie migraine. Elucidation of adaptive physiological mechanisms in migraine can rationalize imp