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This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of general information, along with an evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic options for individuals suffering from otologic diseases. Covering fundamental sciences, clinical applications of otology treatments, and the latest research, it is designed to aid physicians in making well-informed decisions about patient care management. Divided into seven parts, the book addresses topics such as hearing reconstruction and its acoustic impact, cochlear implants, brainstem implants, genetic causes of hearing loss, including prevention and rehabilitation, sudden deafness, autoimmune inner ear disease, and the molecular basis of otosclerosis. Contributors also explore the contemporary clinical application of genetics and available testing for hearing loss. This volume will serve as an invaluable resource for otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, audiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and residents, offering a comprehensive guide to enhance their understanding and practice.

Wollen Sie als Fachärztin oder Facharzt die Zusatzweiterbildung Intensivmedizin absolvieren oder in der Intensivmedizin arbeiten? Dann können Sie Ihr Wissen mit diesem Lernbuch oder der App SN Flashcards optimal überprüfen! Über 170 Multiple-Choice-Fragen mit kommentierten Antworten bringen Sie auf den aktuellen Stand von Themen der Intensivmedizin wie Pharmakotherapie, Atmung und Beatmung, Infektiologie, Notfälle und Komplikationen. Plus: Fallorientierte Fragen und Auszüge von über 70 wichtiger klinischer Studien mit Kernaussagen und neu: Aktualisierung bekannter Themen und Ergänzung um „Hot Topics“ der Intensivmedizin aufgrund aktueller Entwicklungen in der Literatur. Ideal für Fachärztinnen und Fachärzte der Anästhesiologie, Chirurgie, Innere Medizin, Neurochirurgie, Neurologie und Wiedereinsteiger•innen in der Intensivmedizin.

The book provides a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between nutrition and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Divided into two sections, the book covers various aspects of TBI, from its biomechanics and pathophysiological changes to evidence-based clinical guidelines and experimental models. Section I covers the background of TBI, including the definition and biomechanics of TBI, an understanding of pathophysiological changes that occur in the brain, and the importance of evidence-based clinical guidelines for effective TBI management. The section also delves into experimental models of TBI and the role of biomarkers in diagnosing and assessing TBI. Furthermore, it explores early feeding guidelines following TBI, emphasizing the significance of nutrition in the recovery process. Section II focuses on the connection between nutrition and TBI. It examines the concept of resilience and nutri-protection against TBI prior to the injury, highlighting strategies to enhance the brain's ability to withstand trauma. The book then explores the role of various nutrients and dietary components in TBI, such as antioxidants, branched-chain amino acids, choline, creatine, ketogenic diet, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA), polyphenols, vitamin D, and zinc. Each topic is explored in depth, considering their impact on TBI outcomes and potential therapeutic applications. Furthermore, this section delves into nutritional interventions for TBI management. It addresses the selection of appropriate nutritional interventions and mechanistic targets for effective treatment. The section also explores the integration of nutrition into clinical practice guidelines for TBI and the emerging field of nutrigenomics, which investigates the interaction between nutrition and the genetic factors involved in TBI. Additionally, the section discusses the role of pharmacognosy in TBI research and provides nutritional recommendations for TBI management, considering the diverse needs of individuals affected by TBI. The book contributes to advancing the understanding and management of TBI by exploring the background, highlighting the importance of nutrition, and offering insights into nutritional interventions with potential implications for both preventive and therapeutic approaches. The book is a great resource for students and brain/neuroscience researchers.

The past decade has witnessed a revolution in our understanding of microglia, especially since their roles in the healthy CNS have started to unravel. These cells were shown to actively maintain health, in concert with neurons and other types of CNS cells, providing further insight into their crucial involvement with diseases. Edited by Drs. Marie-Ève Tremblay and Alexei Verkhratsky, Microglia: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potential shares with the scientific and medical community the latest discoveries in the microglial research field, with a truly comprehensive collection of chapters written by the top specialists across five continents. The book begins by explaining briefly what they are, from both historical and evolutionary points of view, and how they can be studied. The first section explains their physiological roles in the maturation, function, and plasticity of the CNS. The second section focuses on their general involvement in neuropathophysiology, and the third section on their critical implication in specific CNS diseases, including neurotrauma, neuropathic pain, ischemia and stroke, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, substance use and addiction, sleep disorders, ageing, and neurodegenerative diseases. The fourth section presents their clinical potential as a targeted therapeutic tool for these CNS diseases.

Psychiatric symptoms (or mood/emotional disturbances) are diverse in patients with neurological diseases, that include depression, anxiety, emotional incontinence, anger, fatigue, and apathy. These symptoms are common; more than 1/3 of the patients suffer from these symptoms. Unfortunately, they have been neglected because 1) unlike other neurological symptoms such as motor dysfunction, speech disturbances or visual field defect, these symptoms are not visible and difficult to be noticed unless they are specifically examined by a physician who is properly educated on this problem 2) they are often not regarded as neurological symptoms either by the patients or their caregivers 3) they are relatively poorly studied by both neurologists and psychiatrists, and accordingly, are unfamiliar to the physicians. Especially, although `depression'is well known to physicians, other symptoms such as emotional incontinence, anger, fatigue or apathy are not appropriately assessed by physicians, and frequently misdiagnosed as depression. Moreover, there are difficulties in diagnosing depression in patients neurological diseases. For example, the individual items included in depression diagnosis such as sleep disturbances, appetite loss, or fatigue can result from neurological diseases or comorbid physical conditions in patients with neurological diseases. Therefore, a diagnosis of `depression'should be made cautiously. Finally, it should be understood that the importance of different mood/ emotional syndromes differ among various neurological diseases; for instance, although emotional incontinence and anger occur in as many as 20-30% of stroke patients, apathy and fatigue are more important symptoms than these for patients with neuro-degenerative disease.In clinical practice, recognizing these symptoms is important because they negatively affect the patients'quality of life, impair the functional recovery, increase the mortality, and increase the caregiver burden. Nevertheless, unlike other neurological symptoms such as motor/sensory dysfunction, and speech disturbances, they are relatively well managed mostly by pharmacological therapy such as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI).The phenomenology of these neuropsychiatric symptoms and related factors, pathophysiological mechanism, and treatment strategies should be properly educated for neurologists, psychiatrists and other physicians. The book is written by experts in this field to disseminate important knowledges to neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and other physicians and will eventually benefit patients with neurological diseases.

This book focuses on the clinical and preclinical research on traumatic brain injuries where age at time of injury (young versus aged) reveals both parallel and divergent findings at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels with insights into alterations in brain structure and function and the implications for recovery. The authors address the hurdles that have been overcome, consider new directions inspired by the most recent research, and the value of data sharing and evidenced based-practice. Traumatic Brain Injuries: Tackling the Unique Terrain of the Injured Young and Aged Brain explores the challenges imposed by an injury that not only causes tissue damage but disrupts brain development and may incite pathological events in the aging brain. With the proliferation of the research literature in traumatic brain injuries, this is the time for a book that surveys the landscape and assesses where the field is headed and what is needed moving forward.

This textbook highlights the exciting field of nanoneuroscience and its potential to transform how we diagnose and treat neurological disorders.'The Textbook of Nanoneuroscience and Nanoneurosurgery,'dives deep into this emerging field, exploring the latest tools and techniques currently being developed at the nanoscale level. Key areas of focus include: Nanoplatforms: The book explores how scientists utilize materials on a near-microscopic scale for neurosurgery, neurology, and brain imaging applications. Bridging the Gap: Regulatory hurdles for translating research from the lab to real-world use are addressed, paving the way for future advancements. The Future is Now: The book showcases recent breakthroughs already impacting patient care alongside promising areas with significant potential. Collaboration is Key: Insights from over 220 researchers and 5000+ references, along with illustrative figures in B/W and color, provide a comprehensive overview of this dynamic field. With its focus on minimally invasive procedures and the latest regulatory considerations，'The Textbook of Nanoneuroscience and Nanoneurosurgery'equips researchers and medical professionals with the knowledge to develop groundbreaking treatments for neurological conditions. The text also reviews the latest regulatory guidelines that influence the translation of nanotechnological research from the laboratory to the clinic and the most recent information on biodevices and pharmaceutical spinoffs. It highlights presidential and congressional initiatives and programs that may impact the field soon. Some reviews of the First edition of the textbook.'…a significant contribution to the field of nanoneuroscience and nanoneurosurgery … the reader will come away with a deeper understanding of the history of nanotechnology and medicine.'—Neuroscience'This is a monumental first textbook on nanoneurosurgery. … recommended reading for neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, and neuroscientists involved in research on new techniques for application in neurosurgery. Biomedical engineers and various companies developing instruments and devices would benefit from the wealth of information about trends for the development of new technologies for neurosurgery.'K. K. Jain, MD, Basel, Switzerland'Phenomenal body of knowledge in this book that would take eons to collate by myself. Every answer to every one of my questions plus heaps more. Essential reading for everyone interested in the field. A must-have!'Albert Deme'This is an amazing foray into the future of a largely unexplored, but increasingly critical medical domain…..I have learned much from every page of this captivating text, and I highly recommend it to any medical student, researcher, medical professional in the neurosciences, or anyone who has an interest in the human brain and the future of medicine, to gather a glimpse of the incredible and beneficial paradigm shifts that will soon impact the field of neuroscience.'Frank Boehm, British Columbia, Canada

This extensively updated edition provides a comprehensive review of intensive care for neurologically injured patients from the emergency room and ICU through the operating room and post-surgical period in two comprehensive volumes. The Editors of this second volume present a comprehensive textbook that incorporates best practice/evidence-based medicine and performance improvement, while it champions the three characteristics needed in our neuro–ICUs: patient and family centered high-quality care, education, and discovery. This volume concentrates on perioperative management, monitoring and pharmacotherapy, examining the neurological problems most frequently seen in intensive care, and describes the various types of neurosurgery and critical features of the management of patients. General issues are discussed across the textbook, such as cardiac care, fluids and electrolytes, nutrition, and monitoring as well as more specific conditions and complications including elevated intracranial pressure, seizures, and altered mental states. Listening to an injured brain is not easy. It takes knowledge, dedication, and understanding of the critically ill patient and their family. Textbook of Neurointensive Care Volume 2: Perioperative Management, Monitoring, Pharmacotherapy provides the reader with a detailed resource for studying this most complex area of medicine. It is thus essential reading for all trainees and professionals in critical care, neurosurgery, anesthesia and neurology.

This book covers experimental theory and practice of yoga that have enhanced its neuroscientific understanding. This is an excellent handbook for the researchers in the field of evidence-based integrative health. It encompasses traditional and modern tools used in neuroscience. It also provides information for the modern biologists, physicians and policymakers, of how mind-body complexities in neuroscience, mental health and preventive healthcare can be useful for health and disease. It serves as a guide for integrative health practitioners, patients, educationists, philosophers, graduate students and faculty pursuing research in the field of biology, complimentary medicine, and other alternative therapies. The chapters in this book also serve as a comprehensive resource for clinical trials in Yoga. In addition, flow charts and illustrations have been provided to understand how healthy brain ageing can be achieved.

The recent high-profile murders of George Floyd, and other African American individuals, along with the prevailing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have reinforced the notion that certain marginalized populations have worse health outcomes than other populations, likely due to unequal and unjust policies and practices. Neurological processes and prognoses frequently vary by sex/gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. In particular, individuals of lower socioeconomic status and from minority racial and ethnic backgrounds have worse neurological health and often receive a lower standard of neurological care. These inequities in neurological outcomes are attributed to wider societal social influences, which impact how people live and how neurology is practiced. Published evidence suggests that healthcare providers and the healthcare system contribute to inequities in neurological care for vulnerable and underserved populations. However, educating neurology care providers about these issues and training them to provide equitable care for these patients can potentially improve neurology care access, delivery, and outcomes. In this book we provide the theoretical background, scientific evidence, and experiential knowledge warranted to properly care for vulnerable, underserved patients with neurological diseases at the levels of the provider and system. This book examines the root causes of neurological health inequities across a broad range of topics and offers possible solutions for achieving neurological health equity. Initial chapters help to frame the overall issue of neurological health equity. Subsequent chapters evaluate neurological health equity from the clinical practice standpoint, with a focus on select populations and subspecialty care delivery settings. Lastly, we discuss the bigger picture with regard to the pipeline of practitioners and purview of policy makers. This text is relevant for neurology residents and fellows, multidisciplinary neurological care practitioners (neurologists, neurosurgeons, advanced practice providers, hospitalists, emergency physicians, critical care physicians, pharmacists, and allied health personnel), and public health researchers and health policy makers. The book is divided into three sections: Principles, Neurological Conditions, and Priorities. The first section establishes the framework and explains various key terminologies and concepts, which undergird the care of vulnerable and undeserved patient populations. The second section, Neurological Conditions, covers key neurological diseases by sub-specialty describing published evidence of care and outcome disparities, gaps in knowledge, practical techniques for bridging these disparities on provider and system levels. The third section, Priorities, identifies important areas of focus and improvement targeting trainees, researchers, community partners, stakeholder organizations and policy makers, which would be crucial for implementing sustained societal-level enhancements in the neurological health of these vulnerable populations.

This extensively updated edition provides a comprehensive review of intensive care for neurologically injured patients from the emergency room and ICU through the operating room and post-surgical period in two comprehensive volumes. The Editors of this first volume present a comprehensive textbook that incorporates best practice/evidence-based medicine and performance improvement, while it champions the three characteristics needed in our neuro–ICUs: patient and family centered high-quality care, education, and discovery. This volume concentrates on neuroanatomy, diagnostic assessment and disease management, examining the neurological problems most frequently seen in intensive care, and describes the various types of neurosurgery and critical features of the management of patients. General issues are discussed across the textbook, such as cardiac care, fluids and electrolytes, nutrition, and monitoring as well as more specific conditions and complications including elevated intracranial pressure, seizures, and altered mental states. Listening to an injured brain is not easy. It takes knowledge, dedication, and understanding of the critically ill patient and their family. Textbook of Neurointensive Care Volume 1: Neuroanatomy, Diagnostic Assessment, Disease Management provides the reader with a detailed resource for studying this most complex area of medicine. It is thus essential reading for all trainees and professionals in critical care, neurosurgery, anesthesia and neurology.

This book describes the theoretical background of the different forms of tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and detailed knowledge of state-of-the-art treatments of tinnitus. Tinnitus has many forms, and the severity ranges widely from being non-problematic to severely affecting a person's daily life. How loud the tinnitus is perceived does not directly relate to how much it distresses the patient. Thus, even tinnitus very close to the hearing threshold can be a disabling symptom. It can reduce the quality of life by generating anxiety and concentration problems, impairing the ability to do intellectual work, making it difficult to sleep, causing depression and sometimes even leading to suicide.Textbook of Tinnitus has filled a void by providing a comprehensive overview about the different forms of tinnitus, their pathophysiology and their treatment. However, since the publication of the first edition of the Textbook of Tinnitus in 2011, tinnitus research has dramaticallyevolved. In view of the substantial increase in knowledge, most chapters in this second edition are newly written and a few original chapters have had major updates. This edition has nine sections, covering the basics of tinnitus, the neurobiology of tinnitus, pathophysiological models, animal research, diagnosis and assessment, various forms of management and treatment, and finally, a look at the future of tinnitus and tinnitus research. The book will be of great interest to otolaryngologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, primary care clinicians, audiologists and psychologists, and students. Because of its organization and its extensive subject index, Textbook of Tinnitus, Second Edition can also serve as a reference for clinicians who do not treat tinnitus patients routinely.

This second edition updates established evidence for contemporary management of ischemic stroke. Therapeutics for acute management, secondary prevention, recovery, rehabilitation, asymptomatic cerebral ischemia, special populations, and implementation of stroke systems of care are all discussed. Chapters are authored by leading academicians from around the world with real-world clinical practice experience, and comprise the scientific rationale and expert consensus recommendations, which underlie prevailing (and possibly future) therapeutic strategies for managing ischemic cerebrovascular disease. New chapter topics include neuroprotectants, treatment of the oldest old, brain-computer interfaces, disparities, and the global burden. The specialist or general practitioner will gain critical knowledge in stroke management, current clinical challenges and promising new therapies under investigation.

This book is a comprehensive reference of the neuraxial route for the delivery of therapeutics. It reviews the historical evolution of this approach from its inception in the later 1800's to present day. This amply referenced text covers basic discussions of spinal anatomy, embryogenesis, neuraxial vascularity, cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics and parenchymal molecule movement. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of different intrathecal agents are explored in detail with particular reference to clinical correlates in pain and spasticity. Particular attention is paid to the issues relevant to preclinical models of intrathecal delivery and the assessment of spinal pathologies arising from acute and chronic intrathecal drug delivery. Chapters provide essential discussions of clinical aspects of patient care, including patient evaluation and screening, trialing and device management, troubleshooting problems and addressing complications, best practices, cost-effectiveness and future of the therapy. Clinicians and researchers who practice intrathecal therapy and study neuraxial mechanisms will find Neuraxial Therapeutics, to be an invaluable guide to this treatment modality.

This book provides a physician's pathfinder for COVID specific headache disorders as well as general headache practice in a pandemic era. Practical solutions to headache management at every level are highlighted, along with the changing nature of previous headache disorders under lockdown conditions. Headache Disorders in Pandemic Conditions examines the specific nature of headache symptoms during COVID-19 infection, the secondary causes of COVID-specific headache disorders and practical issues of previous known headache disorders during a pandemic. The book also explores the effect of lockdown on headache management and changes in headache education, practice, risks and guidelines. Neurologists, headache specialists, general practitioners, medical students and residents will find this book to be a practical and clear guide to Covid-19 specific headache disorders in clinical practice.

This handbook systematically presents biomarkers for traumatic injuries. The book covers topics such as traumatic brain injury, liver injury, burn severity, muscle heart damage, and acute inflammation in polytrauma and their detection by biomarkers.Biomarkers and methods used in critical care and critically ill patients are discussed, as well as biomarkers in trauma and special conditions. Specific biomarker components are explained and models for modeling trauma in research are presented.This systematic handbook is an excellent resource for researchers and specialists in trauma research and treatment, as well as clinicians and physicians who want a thorough overview of various injuries, trauma, and their detection methods.

Fatigue is a major symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and is mainly responsible for unemployment, early retirement but also social withdrawal. This book combines reporting of actually existing scientific knowledge with guidance for clinical practice. As such the book helps health care professionals in all countries to better understand fatigue symptoms but also to help patients to better cope with them.

This book explores the interrelationship of genetics, the environment, or both, in the causation of three neurodevelopmental disorders: autism/autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), and cerebral palsy (CP). It links common clinical problems in developmental pediatrics and pediatric neurology to current concepts and translational research advances in developmental neurosciences, medical genetics, and related disciplines. The first section of the book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of development of the brain, including topics such as neuronal stem cells, epigenetics, and the influence of the prenatal environment. The next three sections analyze the epidemiology, diagnosis, interventions, and controversies and research directions associated with each of the three neurodevelopmental disorders. It also examines co-morbidities common to all three disorders, such as disturbed sleep, seizures, behavioral disorders, and pain. It concludes by highlighting the impact of ASD, FASD, and CP on family dynamics and provides tools and resources based on foundational concepts such as neuroethics, bioinformatics, community engagement, and advocacy. Learning objectives, key points, clinical vignettes, and multiple choice questions are incorporated throughout the book. With its comprehensive treatment of disease mechanisms, genetics, and pathophysiology associated with these disorders and its discussion of potential therapies and novel treatments, Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics: Genetic and Environmental Influences is an essential resource for developmental pediatricians, child neurologists, fellows, residents and graduate students.

This book provides a detailed practically focused guide on the latest diagnostic and treatment techniques available for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Chapters in this work cover the latest developments related to this condition. It introduces how to use a range of diagnostic modalities including magnetic resonance scanning along with how artificial intelligence and machine learning methodologies can be applied. Cases are presented to reinforce how the methods covered can be appropriately applied and guiding principles are also given to assist the reader in developing a thorough understanding of the topic. Potential complications and means of mitigating these are also described. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus is a detailed practically applicable resource on NPH with insightful contributions covering relevant aspects of pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities and treatment strategies, making it an ideal resource for all medical practitioners whoencounter these patients.

As lifespans increase, more people around the world find themselves victims of chronic pain. In spite of this, treatment options continue to be severely limited. Anti-inflammatory drugs can only do so much, while painkillers like opioids have led to crippling addictions and fatal overdoses. The subject of the book is the role of immune cells, including glial cells, and neuroimmune interactions in chronic pain. The book begins by examining the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the involvement of non-neuronal cells in chronic pain. It discusses the interactions between non-neuronal cells and neurons in the regulation of chronic pain. It then presents the implications of these findings, including promising and emerging treatments such as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs, such as resolvins and protectins), immune cell therapy, and complementary and alternative medicine, as well as neuromodulation and regenerative medicine, which may prove to be theturning point for hundreds of millions of patients world-wide who struggle to escape from the shadow of chronic pain. The book presents ground-breaking research that will alter current perspectives on chronic pain.

The book provides a comprehensive overview of the medical implications, pathophysiology, and treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), a disease that creates increased health risks, most notably those related to the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems.The opening chapters are dedicated to the definition of OSA, its diagnosis, and the treatment options. The following chapters address primary forms of disease presentation in each medical field, with the latest evidence.Given its characteristics, the book will enable the reader to adopt a broad strategy for evaluating and managing OSA patients. In addition, it will be a valuable resource for all the clinicians who treat sleep-disordered breathing, including otolaryngologists, pulmonologists, cardiologists, neurologists, etc.

This book illustrates the importance of natural products as the source for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. It also highlights the role of reactive oxygen species and altered metal homeostasis in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and examines the potential of antioxidants and anti-chelating agents in the clinical intervention of neurodegenerative diseases. The book also discusses the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The chapters provide information about the drug targets, progress in the development of natural product-based therapeutics, biomarkers, fluorescent diagnostic tools, and theranostic for Alzheimer's disease. The book also provides information about the design and synthesis of natural product-based derivatives against the various targets of Alzheimer's disease including epigenetic targets and the metal dyshomeostasis hypothesis. Cutting across different disciplines, this book is a valuable source for neuroscientists, chemical biologists, pharmaceutical researchers, and synthetic biologists.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited, neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by chorea, motor instabilities, psychiatric manifestations and cognitive decline. Early genetic testing provides an opportunity for clinical interventions aimed at delaying onset and/or slowing progression of disease; however, current treatments for HD are limited, with only two FDA-approved drugs available to manage chorea. Encouragingly, however, several disease-modifying treatment approaches are in the therapeutic pipeline, with more than 200 clinical studies, and many more preclinical studies, in the works. Robust and reliable biomarkers are needed to predict disease onset, monitor disease progression and assess treatment responses. More specifically, biomarkers to stratify patients for clinical trials and biomarkers to track drug efficacy will certainly lead to improved clinical trial design and success. This book represents the first book focused solely on biomarkers for HD and represents adistinct resource that will be informative, not only for clinicians and those involved in clinical trial design, but also for a wide range of neurodegenerative disease researchers. This edited volume is written by top leaders in the field, and takes a cross-disciplinary approach to cover a broad spectrum of biomarker types, in order to provide the latest advances in the development of biochemical, molecular, imaging and digital biomarkers that have been investigated for HD. With the ultimate goal of treating patients, the development of disease-associated biomarkers has never been more important.

This book provides a comprehensive review of the role of molecular imaging in neurodegenerative diseases. A growing field, molecular imaging of neurodegeneration is becoming increasingly relevant with an aging population, and this book serves to provide both an introduction to the concept and background of neurodegeneration and an update on the most recent imaging advances.Throughout, chapters will review current applications of neuroimaging in neurodegenerative disorders, like dementia and movement disorders, and increase knowledge of quantification and semi-quantification methods for neuroimaging. Imaging methods such as PET/CT and PET/MR are covered, as well as more advanced technologies like artificial intelligence algorithms and novel radiotracers. Chapters are also intended to improve competency in reporting and interpretation skills with structured information on current practice. The book concludes with a collection of up to date practice cases for the interpretation of neurodegeneration in nuclear medicine imaging.This is an ideal guide for nuclear medicine physicians, neuroradiologists, neurologists, residents, trainees, and related medical professionals caring for patients with neurodegeneration.

This book presents the ‘state of the art'of biomarkers research in neuropsychiatric conditions, from dementia to eating disorders, as well as providing methodological, practical and ethical issues related to the development of biomarkers. Biomarkers have revolutionized clinical research and practice in most fields of medicine, but psychiatry has lagged behind. However, in the last decade, there has been a growing expectation that biomarkers will advance and, ultimately, reframe psychiatry research and practice. Biomarkers might inform about diagnosis, therapeutics, prognosis, contributing to a ‘personalized medicine'. Understanding their meaning, possibilities and limitations will help clinicians, researchers and students in the related areas navigate and excel in the challenging and ever changing field of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Despite the critical importance of the cerebellum in brain function, the scientific community still lacks effective treatments for most cerebellar ataxias. This book provides a link between the pathogenesis and therapies of cerebellar ataxias while also providing a comprehensive assessment of the preclinical and clinical trials dedicated to cerebellar ataxias over the past 20 years of progress. This is the first book fully dedicated to the trials and therapies of these disorders. It is a truly authoritative and comprehensive reference, and comes at a time of major advances in genetic tools and neuroimaging assessments. The coverage begins by laying a foundation of the basic science of the cerebellum and ataxias, proceeds to discuss biomarkers and the tools of trials, offers guidelines on conducting trials, and then explores the full range of therapeutics and their trials, including gene therapy and cell transplantation. The authors are top experts on cerebellar research and the contributing authors have all made seminal contributions in the field.

This book uniquely discusses an approach to illnesses for which the causes are unknown. It fills the gaps in the literature by relaying research on functional illness, identifying and assessing various options, and indicating some decision-making suggestions that should help clinicians and patients think about therapy. Special considerations for functional illness include “probability” explanations based on the experience of others, serious consideration of the severity of symptoms before treatments are applied, and balancing the risks, costs, and consequences of treatment; including the patient's thoughts and attitudes is critical for success in treating functional illness. Unique and comprehensive, Functional Illness is an invaluable reference for medical physicians of all specialties who wish to understand better and identify functional illness symptoms.

This atlas is the first fully visual reference to cover psychiatry broadly, appealing to psychiatric as well as non-psychiatric clinicians and trainees who need an easy-to-use visual resource with holistic approach to patient care. Written by expert clinicians and educators, this text describes basic clinical and scholarly information across the field utilizing an easy-to-understand format. The rich figures and tables describe etiology, pathophysiology, phenomenology, and treatment even in areas that are difficult to illustrate, including substance-related disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, personality disorders, and others. The visual approach proves valuable to some of the most innovative techniques in psychiatry, including implications for neuroimaging. Comprehensive and unique, Atlas of Psychiatry is a landmark reference for all medical practitioners looking for an intricate yet accessible visual resource.

This volume contains up-to-date contributions written by leading experts in the role played by various microorganisms in psychiatric and neurological illness. The initial chapters present an evolutionary framework for the impact of microorganisms on behavior. This is followed by historical and epidemiological perspectives of the role of viruses in psychiatric illness. Subsequent chapters focus on different classes of microorganisms and psychiatric illnesses and emphasize diverse research approaches ranging from preclinical models to therapeutic interventions.

This book on non-migraine primary headaches in medicine is the second machine-generated scientific book in medicine published by Springer and reflects a new publication format which focuses on literature reviews: state-of-the-art computer algorithms were applied to select relevant sources from Springer Nature journal, rearrange them in a topical order, and provide short summaries of these articles. The result is the auto-summarization of current texts, organized by means of a similarity-based clustering routine in coherent chapters and sections. The human intervention of a world-renowned expert in this field grants the scientific soundness and appropriate organization of the contents identified. The AI-based approach seemed especially suitable to provide an innovative perspective as the topics are indeed both complex, interdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary, as is tension-type headache, the most diffuse among the chronic non communicable diseases. The result of this innovative process will of help especially for readers with limited time, interested in migraine and wishing to learn more about the subject quickly and if they are new to the topic. Springer seeks to support anyone who needs a fast and effective start in their content discovery journey, from the undergraduate student exploring interdisciplinary content, to Master- or PhD-thesis developing research questions, to the practitioner seeking support materials, this book can serve as an inspiration, to name a few examples.

Primary health care providers such as pediatricians and family medicine physicians commonly encounter children with neurologic symptoms such as headache, double vision, facial weakness etc. Most books currently available in the specialty of pediatric neurology are “condition” or “disorder” based, and most of them are geared towards pediatric neurologists, not generalists who take care of children. A common thread amongst most currently available books in Pediatric Neurology is that the practitioner already knows what “condition” or “disorder” the child is suffering from. This book focuses on symptoms to a large extent. However, children with chronic neurological conditions will follow up with their primary care physicians after their visit with the sub-specialists. They may have questions or ongoing concerns regarding the diagnosis that has been made or being considered. This book attempts to provide information to the primary care physician regarding management and follow upof such children as well. This book serves as a guide for busy clinicians who take care of children presenting with neurological symptoms- with special emphasis on symptoms that are commonly encountered in clinical practice. For each symptom, a brief introduction is given as well as a definition and epidemiologic information for the given symptom. Readers are also instructed on what historical features and physical examinations are essential in narrowing the differential diagnosis. A recommendation on the management of the condition is then established. Instructions on when one should refer the patient to subspecialists for further evaluation and management are clearly laid out. Finally, a list of appropriate resources is provided for families, as well as clinical pearls that can be quickly scanned when one is pressed for time. The overarching goal of this book is to enable the primary care physician to make a confident diagnosis, triage efficiently and initiate treatment if need be.Written by experts in the field, Symptom-Based Approach to Pediatric Neurology is a valuable resource for evaluation and management of children presenting with neurologic symptoms for primary care providers who take care of children.

Written by over seventy scientists and clinicians worldwide from China, USA, Germany, Canada, Japan and other countries, this monograph, with nearly 450 figures and tables, covers a wide range of advanced progress in acupuncture research, from experimental research to clinical applications. In addition to exploring the histopathological basis for acupuncture and mathematical simulation of acupoint response to stimulation, initiation and transduction of acupuncture signals and cellular mechanisms during acupuncture effects as well as chemical and physical characteristics of moxibustion on acupoints are broadly discussed. The topics also include novel data on acupuncture effect with advanced imaging techniques, a unique understanding of meridian-viscera correlation, specific interactions between meridians and neurosensory organs within the system of homeostatic regulation and the acupuncture-induced influences on autonomic function. Several chapters introduce specific approaches with dryneedling, silver needling and stainless needling for certain diseases, such as myofascitis, supportive care for breast cancer and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy as well as perioperative care of surgical patients. Moreover, this book discusses recent research on acupuncture therapy and potential mechanisms for a number of severe and refractory neurological disorders, including hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, orofacial pain, chronic pain, itch, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease and ischemic brain injury. The vast amount of information offered in this book provides a comprehensive perspective on advanced acupuncture research to not only acupuncturists, but also to neuroscientists, neurologists, and other clinicians. For medical students and graduate and undergraduate students majoring in biology, physiology and neuroscience, this book offers an advanced course in learning about the mechanism-driven advances in alternative and complementary medicine.

This book provides a reference guide describing the current status of medication in all major psychiatric and neurological indications, together with comparisons of pharmacological treatment strategies in clinical settings in Europe, USA, Japan and China. In addition, it highlights herbal medicine as used in China and Japan, as well as complementary medicine and nutritional aspects. This novel approach offers international readers a global approach in a single dedicated publication and is also a valuable resource for anyone interested in comparing treatments for psychiatric disorders in three different cultural areas. There are three volumes devoted to Basic Principles and General Aspects, offering a general overview of psychopharmacotherapy (Vol. 1); Classes, Drugs and Special Aspects covering the role of psychotropic drugs in the field of psychiatry and neurology (Vol. 2) and Applied Psychopharmacotherapy focusing on applied psychopharmacotherapy (Vol. 3). These books are invaluable to psychiatrists, neurologists, neuroscientists, medical practitioners and clinical psychologists.

Opioids are responsible for the vast majority of preventable deaths related to drug use, and opioid crisis is a serious international health problem. Opioids are also the mainstay in pain treatment and are invaluable tools in palliative care. The purpose of this book is to present an overview of the complex field of opioid pharmacology through evidence-based chapters in clear language backed up with sound scientific evidence, providing researchers and health professionals with a firm understanding of their effects and mechanisms of action. The authors present an overview of the history of opioids from ancient civilizations to the current opioid crisis, covering state-of-the-art advances on opioid-induced signal transduction, opioids in pain management, and the neuroinflammatory effects of opioids. Also discussed are opioid use disorders and their treatment. The authors also review the growing body of evidence of opioid effects on innate and adaptive immune responses, discussing the molecules involved in the crosstalk between opioids and innate immunity receptors to provide an updated view of those compounds as important regulators of inflammation and host defense against pathogens and damage. The overall purpose is to provide the reader with a deeper knowledge of this field despite the complexities associated with the existence of numerous ligands, receptor subtypes, and complex pharmacological profiles. To this end, the chapter authors are specialists in the field who also have extensive experience in teaching, hoping to lend their expertise in translating complex concepts into comprehensive and clear explanations.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in targeting glutamate signaling for the treatment of major psychiatric and neurological disorders. It draws on the latest findings in glutamate neurobiology and offers valuable insights into the application of translational principles in neuroscience drug discovery and development. In each chapter, glutamate as a neurotransmitter, its receptors and transporters, and their interplay with other neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, are discussed in the context of a specific, highly prevalent and disabling CNS disease. Most recent and detailed information is provided on Ischemic Stroke, Chronic Stress, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's Dementia, Schizophrenia, Impulsive Aggression, Substance Use Disorders (SUD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Chronic Pain, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Migraine, Epilepsy and Anxiety disorders. Moreover, the book includes an extensive overview of glutamatergic treatments already available on the market, and those which are currently in pharmaceutical drug development pipelines. The primary beneficiaries will be neurology and psychiatry specialists and residents, neuroscientists, neuropharmacologists, pharmaceutical industry and clinical research organization professionals, academics, and clinicians working with psychiatric and neurological patients with comorbidities such as cardiologists, pulmonologists, and endocrinologists. This book will also appeal to psychiatry and neurology subspecialists and clinicians working in neuroscience labs seeking an easy-to-understand yet comprehensive overview of contemporary evidence-based clinical insights backed by basic science (preclinical) research evidence. Given its scope, the book is also a unique and indispensable resource for both preclinical and clinical neuroscientists, medical advisors, and clinical research specialists in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, it will appeal to neuroscience and neuropsychopharmacology students and guide them through the complexities of glutamate involvement in the pathophysiology of the most common debilitating brain diseases with high unmet medical needs.

This book is a practical guide in understanding how to prevent HIV transmission, to recognize risk behaviors, and to add something else to their repertoires. It aims to empower clinicians and provide a sense of security and competence with the recognition and understanding of some of the psychiatric illnesses that complicate and perpetuate the HIV pandemic that continue to persist throughout every area of the world despite the magnitude of the progress that has transformed the illness from a rapidly fatal to chronic illness that is no longer life-limiting. Missing in most of the literature on HIV is the subtle, and sometimes not so subtle, contribution of psychiatric symptoms, psychiatric illness, and risk behaviors that drive the pandemic and serve as catalysts for new infections. This practical guide provides state-of-the-art understanding of not only prevention but also a way to recognize risk behaviors, psychiatric symptoms, and psychiatric illnesses that will demystify and decode the sometimes enigmatic and frustrating reasons for nonadherence with diagnostic procedures and life-saving treatments and care. All behaviors and pathology are covered as well as the resources and treatments available. The goal of this text is to refresh knowledge on the current state of psychiatric illness management among people living with HIV, to provide a concise volume on the psychiatric aspects of HIV prevention and treatment that substantially impact the overall care of the patient, and to help understand the psychiatric catalysts of the pandemicWritten by experts in the field, HIV Psychiatry: A Practical Guide for Clinicians provides enduring guidance to medical and other professionals caring for complicated clinical patients as they face ongoing challenges in working with persons with HIV and AIDS.

This book focuses on the benefits of exercise for prevention and treatment of chronic brain disorders. It is a guide for finding the right exercise routine for each individual. The goal is to show the reader why everyone needs to exercise, especially as we get older. The brain needs physical exercise both for normal health and for preventing and treating diseases common with aging.How much exercise is needed? As we see throughout the book there is no one fits all rule with regard to the amount of exercise required. The key is to make exercise a part of one's daily routine. The beneficial effect of exercise is transient, lasting days to weeks, so it must be a lifelong pursuit. Can we exercise too much? Anything done in excess can potentially be dangerous but with the common sense approach outlined in this book anyone, regardless of underlying health condition, can find some type of exercise that is safe and effective.

This is a comprehensive book on physiotherapy for adult neurological disorders with chapters describing physiotherapy assessment and management for those adult patients in the acute care and rehabilitation units of hospitals or centers. Each chapter additionally provides brief introduction, historical background, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, medical and surgical management. The aim is to help build a theoretical foundation on which principles of management are laid, and to improve and update the readers'clinical and therapeutic skills. Improving the overall care and management of patients suffering from adult neurological conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis, is the key objective. Supported with ample practical contents (exercise training and therapeutic strategies) and pictures it prepares the readers to effectively manage patients with neurological conditions. The contents of this book will serve as a guide and source of knowledge of both contemporary and advanced treatment techniques for undergraduate and post-graduate students and therapists practicing worldwide in adult neurological physiotherapy.

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Edited and authored by a wealth of international experts in neuroscience and related disciplines, this key new resource aims to offer medical students and graduate researchers around the world a comprehensive introduction and overview of modern neuroscience. Neuroscience research is certain to prove a vital element in combating mental illness in its various incarnations, a strategic battleground in the future of medicine, as the prevalence of mental disorders is becoming better understood each year. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by mental, behavioral, neurological and substance use disorders. The World Health Organization estimated in 2002 that 154 million people globally suffer from depression and 25 million people from schizophrenia; 91 million people are affected by alcohol use disorders and 15 million by drug use disorders. A more recent WHO report shows that 50 million people suffer from epilepsy and 24 million from Alzheimer's and other dementias. Because neuroscience takes the etiology of disease—the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors—as its object of inquiry, it is increasingly valuable in understanding an array of medical conditions. A recent report by the United States'Surgeon General cites several such diseases: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, early-onset depression, autism, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, and panic disorder, among many others. Not only is this volume a boon to those wishing to understand the future of neuroscience, it also aims to encourage the initiation of neuroscience programs in developing countries, featuring as it does an appendix full of advice on how to develop such programs. With broad coverage of both basic science and clinical issues, comprising around 150 chapters from a diversity of international authors and including complementary video components, Neuroscience in the 21st Century inits third edition serves as a comprehensive resource to students and researchers alike.

This book discusses all aspects infectious CNS pathology, including different bacterial, viral, fungal, mycoplasma and protozoan pathogens, accompanied by illustrations that show macro- and histopathological changes. It also presents microbiological, epidemiological and clinical data, with a particular focus on meningitis and encephalitis of different bacterial and viral aetiologies, influenza, COVID-19 and other viral and bacterial generalized infections. Further, the book explores the importance of mixed infections, including those in the late stages of HIV infection, as well as pathological changes in different age groups including newborns. A special chapter is devoted to the probable role of biological pathogens in noninfectious brain pathology.

For decades heavily sedated ICU patients were assumed to be asleep. However, in the past 20 years, physiologic and epidemiologic studies have established sleep is frequently disrupted in the ICU. The inter-relationship between ICU sleep, delirium, and survivorship has come to the forefront of ICU practice. We now routinely aim for lighter sedation, delirium assessment has become standardized, and knowledge regarding the ICU factors leading to Post- Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) has evolved. The importance of sleep in routine ICU management was codified for the first time in SCCM's 2018 PADIS guidelines. This state of the art book summarizes current knowledge regarding sleep during critical illness and recovery and how the risk factors, recognition, and outcomes associated with sleep in the ICU differ from those of healthy adults. Chapters address sleep quality in both the research environment and during routine care, the factors thatdisrupt sleep architecture and circadian biology in the ICU setting, medications that alter sleep architecture and those that can be used to improve it, the relationship between sleep and sedation and between sleep and delirium, and current strategies that can be used to improve sleep in the vulnerable ICU population. Written by experts in the field, Sleep in Critical Illness is a valuable resource for all members of the ICU interprofessional team including critical care physicians, nurses, physician assistants, pharmacists, and respiratory therapists as well as clinicians who consult in the ICU and post-ICU settings.

This book focuses on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), describing in detail the neurophysiology, anatomy, epidemiology, grading, anesthesia management, coiling and interventional treatment of this dangerous disease. Written by leading international experts, it highlights the state-of-the-art techniques for the diagnosis and treatment (non-surgical and surgical) of SAH and the clinical variations. It also examines the reliability of the new techniques versus the standard clinical methods to predict problems related to SAH and its recent diagnosis and management. The book starts with a brief discussion of the epidemiology of SAH, cerebral circulation, anatomy of brain blood vessels and neurophysiology related to this fatal disease. Then, in the following chapters it covers grading of subarachnoid hemorrhage, anesthesia management of SAH, treatment, subarachnoid hemorrhage coiling and radiological intervention. Lastly, it explores surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysmsin more detail, and addresses complications, critical care management and headache in SAH, traumatic SAH and prognosis. Featuring numerous images, tables, schema, illustrations and videos, the book is intended for junior and senior anesthesiologists, neuroscientists, intervention radiologists, intensivists and neurosurgeons.

In spite of great improvements in prehospital, critical care, and surgical management, traumatic brain injury is still a leading cause of death and disability resulting in great socioeconomic burden. This book provides a comprehensive and practical perspective of the management of traumatic brain injury, from prehospital setting to discharge. Even more, the book highlights the importance of pathways (Trauma Center and Neurocritical Care Unit) and the central role of the specialized neurocritical care team and neurological critical care units in the practice of neurocritical care. Encouraging a practical, protocol-driven, multidisciplinary approach for both adult and pediatric patients, the authors provide a methodological description of the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with traumatic brain injury throughout the patient journey. Neuromonitoring assumes predominant importance, with an increasing role of noninvasive monitoring (near-infrared spectroscopy, Pupillometry, transcranial color Doppler-TCD, transcranial color duplex-TCCD, and optic nerve ultrasound) and neurophysiology (electroencephalography and evoked potentials) for early recognition of complications and rapid assessment of the effectiveness of medical treatment. However, the increasing amount of data increases the complexity of interpreting the collected information. The basic principles of multimodal monitoring and the computer-assisted method are presented to provide an overview of the future direction regarding the integration and interpretation of different data obtained from various techniques.Paying particular attention to prognosis and treatment-limiting decisions, the authors reviewed the critical role of neurorehabilitation and the clinical and bioethical perspective on brain death, organ donation, and communication with the family.

This contributed volume discusses the multiple roles of astrocytes, which determine the progression and outcome of neuropsychiatric diseases. This emerging area of study examines the ways in which astrocytes are involved in various aspects of disease initiation, progression and resolution. This monograph aims to integrate the body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing the active role of astrocytes in neuropsychiatric pathology and in psychiatric disorders. Understanding roles of astrocytes in pathology will provide new targets for medical intervention and aid the development of much needed therapeutics. This book will be valuable for researchers and workers in the fields of neurobiology, neurology, and psychiatry, as well as fill the need for a textbook used in advanced courses/graduate seminars in glial pathophysiology.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects related to pediatric sleep and its associated disorders. It addresses the ontogeny and maturational aspects of physiological sleep and circadian rhythms, as well as the effects of sleep on the various organ systems as a function of development. Organized into nine sections, the book begins with a basic introduction to sleep, and proceeds into an extensive coverage of normative sleep and functional homeostasis. Part three then concisely examines the humoral and developmental aspects of sleep, namely the emerging role of metabolic tissue and the intestinal microbiota in regulation. Parts four, five, and six discuss diagnoses methods, techniques in sleep measurement, and specific aspects of pharmacotherapy and ventilator support for the pediatric patient. Various sleep disorders are explored in part seven, followed by an in-depth analysis of obstructive sleep apnea in part eight. The book concludes with discussions on the presence of sleep issues in other disorders such as Down syndrome, obesity, cystic fibrosis, and asthma. Written by recognized leaders in the field, Pediatric Sleep Medicine facilitates an extensive learning experience for practicing physicians who encounter specific sleep-related issues in their practice.

This book presents the variability of the effects of Covid-19 on the nervous system (NS), with the purpose to update content and images based on improved scientific evidence. Current available data show that involvement of the NS is frequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common neurologic syndromes include cerebrovascular disorders, encephalopathies, inflammatory Central Nervous System (CNS) syndromes, peripheral neurologic disorders, psychiatric disorders. The pathophysiology of neurological manifestations is far from being understood. They can be coincidental, common complications of severe viral infection, or direct consequence of the viral infection either via indirect para-infective mechanisms or direct viral penetration of NS. Experimental animal models had previously demonstrated the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV and the detection of viral particles in special structures such as the thalamus, nucleus ambiguous and nucleus of the solitary tract, suggesting that CNS invasion can contribute significantly to the severe outcome not only through direct damage to neurological structures, but also through a potential detrimental effect on cardiorespiratory responses. Up to now, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients has been reported occasionally and conclusive pathological demonstration of the virus in the CNS is lacking. In this scenario, the role of neuroimaging is fundamental. These considerations highlight the urgent need to better clarify the neurotropic potential of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and to verify on human autoptic tissue the mechanisms demonstrated in the experimental animal model in order to develop potential strategies to prevent CNS invasion and to adapt treatment protocols based on neurological involvement. CT scan is useful to detect large hemorrhage and ischemic lesions, that have been reported in Covid-19 patients, but lacks identifying other possible neurological complications, such as microhemorrhage or encephalitis. MRI could overcome these limitations; in particular the use of specific sequences may reveal microvascular lesions that can occur during the disease course, according to the described pathogenesis. This book will be an invaluable tool for neuroradiologists, radiologists, neurologists, and all physicians involved in the pandemic.

This book provides a clinical focus on neuroinflammatory diseases as well as a review in pathophysiology and treatment approaches. Organized into six parts, the book begins with a basic review of the immune system and concepts for learning and treating neuroimmune conditions. The next four sections cover specific subfields of neuroimmunology and autoimmune neurology - the clinical and diagnostic features of multiple sclerosis, other autoimmune conditions of the central nervous system, autoimmune conditions of the peripheral nervous system, and systemic autoimmune conditions that affect the nervous system. To conclude, Section six discusses various clinical approaches to specific presentations in neuroimmunology, including pediatric demyelinating diseases. These sections provide practical clinical information to improve the reader's knowledge in this complex field. The chapters are written by world renown authors with extensive knowledge to help provide up to date information. The full scope of autoimmune neurology is discussed, which is a unique feature of this book. Neuroimmunology serves as a resource for those in training including residents and fellows to provide clear clinical reasoning and background in a rapidly advancing field.

This book provides a comprehensive yet concise review of geriatric psychiatry in preparation for the board exam, or for reference during practice. Written by experts in the field, this text thoroughly reviews over 500 developmental, biological, diagnostic, and treatment questions for board certification. Unlike any other text on the market, this book takes a broader approach to the subject, making it accessible for physicians as well as other clinicians, including nurses, therapists, and social workers. Absolute Geriatric Psychiatry Review is an excellent resource for all clinicians who will care for the mental health of aging patients, including psychiatrists, neurologists, psychologists, therapists, nurses, social workers, nursing home administrators, and all others.

This book provides comprehensive information, both for clinicians and scientists, on the basic mechanisms, clinical features, and therapeutic approaches to epilepsy as an inflammatory disease. Inflammation has been for many years considered as an etiologic player (and a therapeutic target) for a specific group of epilepsies. However, it turns out that this concept underestimated the impact of inflammation in seizure disorders. Many accepted therapies for non-inflammatory epilepsies act in part as an inflammatory drug. The CNS actively responds to acute immune challenges by altering body temperature, stimulating the HPA axis, as well as up- and down-regulating specific sympathetic pathways.