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This volume of Molecular Biology of Hematopoiesis is dedicated to many inter­ national scientists and clinicians for their contribution to the field of Hematology/ Oncology presented at the 11th International Symposium on Molecular Biology of Hematopoiesis, which was held in Bormio, Italy, June 25-29, 1998. The continuous support of the Presidents of the meeting, Professor F. Takaku, President of Jichi University, and E. D. Thomas, Nobel Laureate, was greatly acknowledged, especially Professor Takaku, for his vision and support for development of gene therapy in Japan. New information on BMT for autoimmune disease and organ transplantation was presented at the symposium and is published in this volume. Several new findings on gene therapy/transfer into HSC were presented by E. F. Vanin and A. Nienhuis, K. Humphries, 1. A. Nolta, H. E. Heslop, and M. K. Brenner. Professors S. Asano and K. Tani presented new studies on gene transfer into primates. Among the highlights were the new papers on gene transfer presented by G. Wage maker, N. G. Abraham, and M. Onoderea from R. M. BJaese's group. The use of BMT for organ transplant and autoim­ mune disease was updated and a representative paper is presented in this volume. more...

This book provides medical students with the information to build skills that will aid them in studying for any level of their board exams. It also prepares students with the ability to look at a patient's neurological signs and symptoms, logically think through the various tracts, and determine where a lesion is located.Unique and comprehensive, this textbook specifically fills a gap in the literature for medical students studying for their board exams and those about to go on a neuro-related rotation. Written by a renowned professor with over 25 years of teaching experience specific to board exam preparation, chapters are crafted with the goal of aiding students in understanding concepts by explaining the reasoning behind signs and symptoms, rather than pure memorization.Medical Neuroanatomy for the Boards and the Clinic is the go-to book for students seeking a practical yet nuanced reference for board exam preparation.​ more...

This didactic book clearly and systematically describes the anatomical-surgical fundamentals of cranial neurosurgery, relating them to norm variants, imaging modalities and interdisciplinary aspects. All illustrations, hand drawn in ink by the first author, are simple and self-explanatory. The book reflects the first author's lifetime experience as an academic neurosurgeon and teacher, as well as the second author's theoretical and practical knowledge of neurosurgical subspecialties such as epilepsy surgery. In addition to its core audience in neurosurgery, it provides all connected disciplines, in particular neuroradiology, neurology, neuropathology, ENT surgery, maxillofacial surgery and eye surgery, with unique anatomical insights into the neurosurgeon's perspective. more...

Ein Lehrbuch für Ärzte in Weiterbildung für das Fach Neurologie, das die pathophysiologischen und die biochemischen Ursachen und Komplikationen neurologischer Erkrankungen verständlich darstellt und sinnvoll in den klinischen Gesamtzusammenhang einordnet. Im Medizinstudium wird die genaue Kenntnis der Neuroanatomie als Grundlage für klinisch-neurologische Diagnostik und Therapie gelehrt. In der klinischen Praxis ist es jedoch relevant, neben dem neurologisch-topischen Wissen auch die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen zu begreifen, um daraus adäquate therapeutische Schritte ableiten zu können. Die Fülle theoretischer Grundlagen erschwert es sowohl Berufsanfängern als auch Studierenden, den Überblick zu behalten. Genau diese Lücke füllt das vorliegende Buch. more...

Stemming from a 2012 conference entitled Brain Degenerations and Emerging Mental Health Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa, this book is aimed at both the general practitioner interested in CNS disorders, and the specialist who would like to know more about CNS pathology in Africa. By employing a broad defi nition of what brain degeneration means, the authors are able to touch upon everything from dementias and CNS malignancy to traumatic brain injury and CNS infective processes.This book draws from and builds upon the original conference presentations, and incorporates the most up-to-date science behind brain degeneration as well as actual case reports. Each of the book's six sections off er the reader a deeper understanding of brain degeneration as it exists in Sub-Saharan Africa. more...

Until recently, it was thought that the adult brain is modifiable only during early stages of ontogenesis. However, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies now indicate that the mature human brain is, under certain conditions, capable of substantial neuroplastic changes. Neuroplasticity reflects the ability of the human brain to alter the pattern of neural activation in response to previous experience, and recent findings indicate that the effects of experience can lead to both structural as well as functional reorganization. It has been shown that pathological neuroplastic changes can be reverted/normalized and that the modulation of the neuroplastic changes can be paralleled by improvement of the patient's status. However, there is a gap between the potential of neuromodulation, technical progress and actual preparedness of medical personnel to provide this type of treatment. A prevalent opinion among medical professionals indicates that training programs and educational materials in neuromodulatory techniques are well needed and appreciated. Neuromodulation will focus on the description and discussion of methods currently available for invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation, their clinical potential, significance and practical applications. In order to facilitate understanding of the topic, the initial part of the textbook will review neurophysiological systems involved in neuromodulation and will provide readers with basic principles of neuroplasticity that constitutes the rationale for neuromodulation in human medicine. Additionally, the clinical use of these techniques will be described with special regard to safety and avoidance of complications. more...

Since the first edition of this book was published (Duvernoy 1988), considerable advances have been made. The new edition therefore includes current concepts about functions of the hippocampus and a study of its external and internal vas­ cularization. Head sections and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) views have also been added to the previous atlas of sections. The book is divided into four sections, preceded by an introduction (Chap. 1) and a short comment on the material and methods (Chap. 2). The first section ( Chap. 3) deals briefly with the structure, functions, and connections of the hip­ pocampus. This is followed in Chap. 4 by a description of the anatomy of the hippocampus and its relations with adjacent structures. The next section ( Chap. 5) is concerned with the vascularization of the hippocampus, and the final sec­ tion ( Chap. 6) is devoted to sectional anatomy and MRI. This work has benefitted from the invaluable help of many of my colleagues. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to the late Professor Roger War­ wiek, who helped me clarify the difficult description of hippocampal anatomy. This book would not have been possible without the excellent illustrations by J.L. Vannson, the helpful advice given by Professor J. Guyot, Dr. P.Y. Risold, and Dr. F. Cattin, and the contribution made by Mr. A.E. Cabanis. I would also like to thank the members of the Department of Anatomy in Besans;on: Professor G. more...

This study on the human midbrain examines how specific neuroanatomical structures are involved in the aging process and in certain degenerative diseases of the nervous system.

Compared to the first edition published in 1977, this new edition also includes figures about the superficial venous network of the brain stem published in a former book (The superficial veins of the human brain, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 1975). Thus the reader will have a more precise and complete view of the superficial brainstem vessels. A special study on the pineal or collicular region is also included and the last plates of the book show a correlation between the vascular territories and MRI views of brainstem vascular diseases. The aim of this book is to provide a complete view of the vascularization of the brainstem in humans including the arteries, veins and capillary network, for the study brainstem pathology. Neurosurgeons know everything about nerves, however little about the surrounding vascular system. The vascular system of the brain, however, helps orient particularly the endoscopic neurosurgeon within the brain: - vessels are much more fragile than the veins. more...

Recent clinical experience and tremendous technical advances make it more imperative than ever that operators performing embolization have a sound background in functional neuroanatomy and clinical evaluation in addition to technical training. This book provides a description of vascular anatomy that will permit the accurate assessment of variations and functional territories and will make the prediction of the risks and management of cerebral vascular disease possible. Through this type of anatomical analysis every potential arrangement in cerebral vascular development can be predicted. Thus, endovascular procedures in the spinal cord and brain can be best planned and performed. Pierre Lasjaunias, Alejandro Berenstein, and Karel ter Brugge are highly committed to both research and teaching in the clinical field of neurovascular diseases. The first volume of the second edition of Surgical Neuroangiography combines the previous volumes 1 and 3 in one book. more...

Pío del Rio-Hortega, one of the pioneering neuroscientists and discoverer of microglia, has been recognized as one of the most important Spanish neurohistogists of the past century. His landmark research on oligodendroglia, originally published in Spanish in 1928, has been translated into English for the first time by Dr. José R. Iglesias-Rozas and Prof. Manuel Garrosa. The book establishes definitively the concept of oligodendroglia and describes in great detail its structure, varieties, function, origin and pathology, providing a thorough review. The entire 1928 writing is presented, including the 79 excellent drawings and photographs from the original publication. To complement the original book and provide historical context, the translators have also included an introduction to the research and a biography of Pío del Rio-Hortega. This book constitutes a milestone in the history of neuroscience, biology and medicine, and it will be valuable reading for researchers and practitioners in these fields. - First English translation of seminal 1928 research - Contains the broad descriptions and interpretations of the normal and pathological oligodendroglia - Full original text and new introductory sections more...

Ob damals im Studium oder heute bei der Vorbereitung von Vorträgen, ob bei der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit oder in Diskussionen zur Funktionsweise des Gehirn- immer und immer wieder kam ich an einen Punkt, an dem ich kurz und knapp Informationen zu einer Struktur haben wollte. In den gängigen Lexika fehlen die meisten Termini, und über die Lehr-und Handbücher oder über die Originalarbeiten ist der Zugriff recht langwierig. Kurz und gut: ein Glossar neuroanatomischer und neurofunktionaler Termini mußte her. In langjähriger Arbeit entstand nun das vorliegende Glossar, das all jenen helfen soll, die'mal eben'Informationen zu Strukturen des Gehirns nachschlagen wollen. Dabei war es nicht das Ziel, aktuellste Forschungsergebnisse und -diskussionen zu dokumentieren, sondern solide Grundinformationen zusammenzustellen, die helfen, die entsprechende Struktur schnell und effizient in einen Gesamtzusammenhang einzubetten. In diesem Sinne ist das vorliegende Glossar zu verstehen. Ein herzlicher Dank geht an folgende Personen, die alle einen Teil des Glossars tragen: an Herrn Dr. Lange für die Initiierung des Buches und die reibungsfreie Betreuung, an Frau Wilbertz für das effiziente Vorantreiben der Produktion, an Frau Dr. Harder für das Korrekturlesen und die wertvolle Zuarbeit, an meine Familie für das treue Warten -und, last but not least, an die Firma iAS (www.brainmedia.de) für die Abbildung auf der Titelseite. more...

Neuronavigation enables the surgeon to define each cranial and cerebral structure before and during surgery but the problem of brainshifting remains. This atlas shows drawings of anatomical landmarks for neuronavigation for preoperative planning. The authors show the relationships between bony landmarks which are unchanged during the operation, and landmarks which are no more available after opening of the skull but still recognizable during the operation, e.g. by ultrasonic sector scan. It further includes the description of many important anatomical variants, which are important for microsurgeons when using minimal invasive modern techniques (endoscopy, sterotaxy) to avoid errors and complications. The book describes unknown projections for MRI and CT which may be adapted for special surgical problems. The anatomical drawings are the result of a twenty-five-years study of the topographical anatomy of the brain and the surrounding structures combined with the experience of modern microsurgery. more...

The present edition of our The Human Central Nervous System: A Synopsis and Atlas differs in several respects from its predecessor. An entirely new section on the cerebrovascular system and the meninges has been added, in accordance with the wishes of many colleagues. The text has been thoroughly revised and extended in the light of new data and concepts. The functional significance of the structures discussed and depicted has received more atten­ tion, and numerous correlations with neuropathology and clinical neurology have been indicated. The final section in the previous editions was devoted to the monoaminergic neuron systems. It was our original plan to add sections on other important transmitter-specified neuronal populations. However, the size of these sections soon grew well beyond the limits set for the present work. Hence, it was decided to produce a separate text on that subject, which has appeared in the mean time (R.NIEUWENHUYS: Chemoarchitecture of the Brain, Springer­ Verlag 1985). The reader who is particularly interested in chemical neuroana­ tomy is referred to that work; numerous data on the nature of the neurotrans­ mitters present in the various centres and fibre systems of the neuraxis are incorporated in the text of the present book, however. more...

The particularly good reception enjoyed by our'The Human Central Ner­ vous System, a Synopsis and Atlas'has made a second edition necessary, hardly more than two years after its first appearance: This new edition enabled us to make a number of corrections, but it was judged premature to undertake a thorough updating of the text. However, a major improvement - suggested by some reviewers and many colleagues - is that in this new edition the abbreviations in the figures have been replaced by the full Latin terms. We want to emphasize that the study of this book can facilitate and deepen but never replace the study of the anatomical preparation. Acquaintance and histology of nervous tissue has been taken for with the basic cytology granted. This book is evidently often consulted with the aim of looking up a particular and its topographical relations. This cer­ structure together with its name is tainly one of the purposes of the book. We are, however, of the opinion that during a systematic study of the figures showing the functional systems in part IV, perusal of the accompanying text will be necessary. As a matter of fact the spatial representations of the fibre systems are no more than a visualization of the most salient features discussed in the text. The pictures are so to speak a snapshot of the current knowledge of a particular functional system within the central nervous system; no less, but no more either. more...

I was gratified by the most favorable reception and wide usage received by the first edition of this book. A decade seems to be a short period for a book on pathology, and yet it witnessed many important changes of concepts, along with a formidable growth of knowledge. The second edition required extensive reorganization. There are new chapters on mitochondriopathies, on peroxisomal diseases and on spongy myelino­ pathies. Major revisions and new additions were necessary in many chapters, for instance those on the dysplasias of the cerebral and of the cerebellar hemispheres, which were largely reorganized. The chapters on perinatal pathology were reordered and reorganized to give a more logical sequence of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal lesions. The entire text was worked over for brevity. A wealth of new references was added with the. aim of staying abreast with the literature up to summer 1988. All refer­ ences were double checked for errors. My gratitude goes to Mrs. Gisela Ropte and Mrs. Cynthia Bunker for their untiring, diligent help. As a result, this second edition is an essentially rewritten text. Advance in the prevention of human suffering is based on a thorough understand­ ing of the nature of disease. I hope that this text will continue to be of service in this behalf. Perhaps it may also reflect and foster the intellectual curiosity which makes the'reading of brains'so interesting an occupation. Gottingen, 1989 Reinhard L. more...

Surgical Neuroangiography: Clinical and Interventional Aspects in Adults covers a variety of protocols and strategies combining functional vascular anatomy with a complete appreciation of the various disease processes, their pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and natural history, as well as recent technological advances. The newer endovascular techniques that apply to embolization of aneurysms, vascular malformations, and tumors of the spine, spinal cord, brain, and maxillofacial areas are reviewed. Novel techniques of revascularization for occlusive vascular diseases in the brachiocephalic and cerebral vasculature are expanding and revolutionizing the field. Implementing optimally efficient and safe strategies for occlusion or revascularization of arterial or venous structures requires the knowledge of collateral circulation covered in this volume. Alejandro Berenstein, Pierre Lasjaunias, and Karel ter Brugge, pioneers in the field with over 20 years of experience, present the second volume of the second edition of Surgical Neuroangiography, combining volumes 2, 4 and 5 of the previous edition and adding a new section,'Occlusive Vascular Diseases.'Comprehensive, practice-oriented work on vascular intervention in adults and children Written by the leading experts with many years'experience in research and teaching Richly illustrated overview of all treatment modalities more...

During the last decades, research on spinal cord has attracted a great deal of attention because of problems such as sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions associated with traumatic and other injuries. Recording of spinal cord evoked potentials is one of the most promising approaches to understand the spinal cord function. However, the details of the evoked potentials and their significance in various pathological conditions are not yet fully characterized. This book summarizes new findings in the field of electrophysiology and relates this knowledge to pathology and regeneration research. It is the first one which deals in great detail with various ways to monitor spinal cord function in experimental and clinical situations. It provides an up-to-date knowledge regarding spinal cord bioelectrical activity and its modification with pharmacological agents and covers new aspects of regeneration studies, particularly the role of myelin associated inhibitory molecules. A section is devoted to clinical studies dealing with electrical activity, pathology, and current therapeutic measures. This volume will be useful both to basic and clinical neuroscientists engaged in the field of neurology, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neurosurgery, neuropathology, and related disciplines in order to understand basic functions of the spinal cord and to stimulate further research in this rapidly advancing field. more...

The recent progress of medical imaging due to the scanner, the MRI, and the three-dimensional reconstruction of cerebral structures calls for a better knowledge of brain anatomy; it is to be noted, though, that the accurate anatomy of the brain surface was already known thanks to the pio­ neering work of late-nineteenth-and early-twentieth-century research workers, such as Eberstal­ ler (1884), Cunningham (1892), Dejerine (1895), Retzius (1896), Zuckerkandl (1903), Elliot-Smith (1907) [14, 15,22,29, 30, 56, 751. Since then, more recent techniques have led to a precise view of the deeper structures. But, as those details were not visible in vivo before the diffusion of scanner and magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) exploration, such knowledge was deemed superfluous, or even useless. Nowadays, this situation has drastically changed and the neurologists, neurosur­ geons, and neuroradiologists acknowledge the need to know more about anatomy. The aim of this volume is to provide those specialists with that information for their own research. A number of atlases do exist at the present time [15,52,58, 156-195], but we felt that the serial were not enough if not made obvious, being defined in relation with the sections by themselves brain surface as shown in Figs. 26, 139, and 175. However, this three-dimensional-representation technique of coronal, sagittal, and horizontal sections makes the study of only one hemisphere ne­ cessary so as to locate each section with respect to its several aspects. more...

Most scientists agree that the 21st century will be the'Century of Biology'. The revolution that started a few decades ago with the extraordinary develop­ ment of molecular biology, has provided the basis for the understanding of the mechanisms that govern life through the regulation of cell function and cell-to­ cell interactions. Neuroscience will surely be one of the biological disciplines that will profit the most from this revolution. Neuroscience comprises the study of the brain, and the more difficult relationship of brain and behavior. It is indeed a very broad field of investigation that, from molecular biology and genetics, passing through systems physiology, functional mapping of the brain, and even human behavior, has as the ultimate goal the understanding of how the brain works. The importance of this aim is immense, since it is the only scientific approach to understanding ourselves. Today, owing to the great progress made in neuroscientific research, there is a real hope that highly complex processes such as sensory perception, ICTlg­ term memory, learning and others will soon be comprehended in their entirety. more...

'... This unique textbook offers a broad yet concentrated look at the single topic of lumbar disc herniation... Franco Postacchini and his colleagues have provided us with 24 unique chapters ranging from a wonderful historical perspective through anatomy, pathophysiology, biochemistry and biomechanics, and ending with diagnostic imaging treatment algorithms and complications... The wonderful figures, short tables, and easily read text make this an exceptionally useful book for those practicing and treating patients with lumbar disc herniations... I have enjoyed reading Franco Postacchini's textbook and applaud him and his small number of colleagues on providing us with over 500 illustrations, 2800 references and significant perspective on a common clinical problem for which there remains much uncertainty and much variation in practice...” From the Foreword of James N. Weinstein more...

The author describes in his unique style the anatomical variants of the brain and skull. This atlas is a continuation of his last work on'Neuronavigation and Neuroanatomy'. Most anatomical reference volumes show a large number of common and rare variations. This atlas concentrates on well known and little known variants which are especially important for the clinicians, in particular the neurosurgeons and the radiologists. The variants have been grouped after areas of trepanation. The author presents also a number of so far unknown variants gathered from his personal theoretical and clinical experience of 50 years. Exact knowledge of anatomical variations which the surgeon may encounter helps to plan operations and to avoid unexpected complications. Variants of no clinical relevance, even rather common ones, have not been included. more...

The topographical and functional architecture of the human brain is highly complex. This stereoscopic atlas provides new insight into the human brain. The illustrations in this stereoscopic atlas have been developed using a new 3D-visualization computer model. In combination with the CD-ROM, which contains all 173 illustrations as rotatable 3D models, this innovative atlas provides a new conception of spatial structures. It has never been so easy to understand the architecture of the human brain! more...

This volume of Cerebral Cortex is dedicated to Sir John Eccles, who was an active member of the advisory board for the series until his death in May 1997. His input as to what topics should be covered in future volumes of this series will be sorely missed. The present volume is concerned with neurodegenerative disorders and age­ related changes in the structure and function of the cerebral cortex, a topic that has attracted increasing interest as longevity and the number of aged individuals in the population increase. Although much of the research on the neurodegenerative effects of aging has been centered on Alzheimer's disease, most of the aging popu­ lation will not be afflicted by this disease. They will, however, be affected by the consequences of normal aging, so the first few chapters of this volume are con­ cerned with that topic. Chapter 1, by Marilyn S. Albert and Mark B. Moss, gives an account of the cognitive changes that accompany normal human aging. Chapter 2, by Mark B. more...

Stroke Rehabilitation: Insights from Neuroscience and Imaging informs and challenges neurologists, rehabilitation therapists, imagers, and stroke specialists to adopt more restorative and scientific approaches to stroke rehabilitation based on new evidence from neuroscience and neuroimaging literatures. The fields of cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging are advancing rapidly and providing new insights into human behavior and learning. Similarly, improved knowledge of how the brain processes information after injury and recovers over time is providing new perspectives on what can be achieved through rehabilitation. Stroke Rehabilitation explores the potential to shape and maximize neural plastic changes in the brain after stroke from a multimodal perspective. Active skill based learning is identified as a central element of a restorative approach to rehabilitation. The evidence behind core learning principles as well as specific learning strategies that have been applied to retrain lost functions of movement, sensation, cognition and language are also discussed. Current interventions are evaluated relative to this knowledge base and examples are given of how active learning principles have been successfully applied in specific interventions. The benefits and evidence behind enriched environments is reviewed with examples of potential application in stroke rehabilitation. The capacity of adjunctive therapies, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, to modulate receptivity of the damaged brain to benefit from behavioral interventions is also discussed in the context of this multimodal approach. Focusing on new insights from neuroscience and imaging, the book explores the potential to tailor interventions to the individual based on viable brain networks. This book is intended for clinicians, rehabilitation specialists and neurologists who are interested in using these new discoveries to achieve more optimal outcomes. Equally as important, it is intended for neuroscientists, clinical researchers, and imaging specialists to help frame important clinical questions and to better understand the context in which their discoveries may be used. more...

Numerous studies have proven the biological basis of memory formation and have begun to identify the biochemical traces and cellular circuits that are formed by experience, and which participate int the storage of information in the brain, its retention for long durations, and its retrieval upon demand. Cells in the nervous system have the capability of undergoing extremely long-lasting alterations in response to hormonal, pharmacological, and environmental stimulations. The mechanisms underlying this neuronal plasticity are activated by experiential inputs and operate in the process of learning and the formation of memories in the brain. This volume presents research areas which have not been highlighted in the past. In addition to studies on the involement of functional proteins in neuronal adaptation, this volume presents recent developments on the critical roles of bioactive lipids and nucleotides in these processes. In addition to the widely studied role of second messengers, a review of studies on extracellular phosphorylation systems operating on the surface of brain neurons is presented.The first section of the volume presents studies of basic mechanisms operating in a wide range of adaptive processes. The second section presents recent advances in investigations that have demonstrated the clinical implications of this research. These include: state of the art use of transgenic models in studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in familial Alzheimer's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; studies of specific proteins implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including an adapter that binds to the beta-amyloid precurser protein (beta-APP) and the microtubular protein Tau and its membrane-bound counterpart. The advantages of using cell culture models for elucidating the causes of neuronal degeneration and for identifying mechanisms of neuroprotection are also presented among the chapters in the section on clinical implications. more...

'Both teacher and reader will find here a careful presentation of both text and illustrations. The writing is clear, the organization is logical, and the illustrations are appropriate... this book is indeed good value.'(TINS)'...the author has met his objective of whetting the appetite of his readers and encouraging the further pursuit of the subject.'(Journal of Anatomy)'Brown argues (correctly in this reviewer's opinion) that neuroscience is primarily an experimental endeavor and therefore is taught best by presenting udergraduate students with the methods as well as the data of'classical'neurophysiological experiments. To this end, Brown has done a good job of supporting basic ideas with actual experimental methodology and results.'(Choice) more...

The atlas covers the normal microsurgical anatomy of the central skull base as well as the pathological anatomy of the tumorous and vascular lesions of this region. The book gives a detailed description of the contemporary approaches to the individual pathologies in the central skull base which have evolved in the last 15 years and represent the summary of the experience gained by the author through continuous neuroanatomy laboratory work as well as in performing over 1500 operations in the region. Complete or partial resection of the tumorous lesions, the exclusion of aneurysms and preservation of the patency of the internal carotid artery will be presented as well as the cost-benefit ratios of these direct surgical approaches to the central skull base. The large number of operations is a very valuable and unique source of technical data and statistics and allows a careful evaluation of the approaches to the region based on a precise understanding of the underlying anatomy. more...

Purpose and Plan This atlas, though primarily intended for medical students, mayaiso be expected to This atlas has been designed with the object be useful as a quick pictorial review for of providing a comprehensive pictorial practitioners in the various neurological survey of the macroscopic and microscopic SClences. structure of the human central nervous s- tem. The pictorial material encompasses 154 Material, Techniques, and Preparation half-tone and li ne drawings, all derived of the Illustrations from original macroscopic and microscopic preparations. Considerable thought has The gross anatomical section of this atlas been given in the preparation of these draw­ is based on eight brains and one spinal cord of adult individuals with no record of n- ings to an optimal combination of c1arity and exactness. Moreover great pains have rological diseases. These specimens were been taken to achieve a maximal coherence fixed for at least two months in formalin. of thematically related figures. The illustra­ One specimen was used for the illustrations tions are arranged in four sections. The first showing the external morphology. This section depicts the gross appearance and brain was then serially sliced into 2-mm­ three-dimensional structure of the brain thick sections in the coronal plane. Three and spinal cord. The second section in­ other brains were sliced in the three other c1udes dra wings of a number of wh oIe brain conventional planes: sagittal, horizontal slices, sectioned in four different directions. more...

Behavioral neurology is founded on lesions of cortical gray matter, but recently the contributions of cerebral white matter to cognitive and emotional dysfunction have also attracted attention. The Behavioral Neurology of White Matter surveys this broad and fascinating field from a clinical perspective. Stimulated by recent improvements in neuroimaging, white matter has been carefully studied, and its role in the operations of cognition and emotion clarified by correlations with clinical observations. The relevance of normal and abnormal white matter to behavioral neurology is apparent in every context where this question has been examined: in development, aging, and in a host of diseases, intoxications, and injuries. Since the first edition of this book in 2001, steady advances have been made in understanding the neurobiology of white matter and its clinical significance; this edition provides a comprehensive update on this rapidly expanding field. Every chapter has been extensively rewritten, including a comprehensive revision of the account of the neuropsychiatry of white matter, a particularly challenging area. The syndrome of white matter dementia is discussed in detail, and its refinement with new information is considered along with the proposal of mild cognitive dysfunction as a precursor syndrome in many clinical settings. In addition, two new chapters have been added, one on the emerging area of white matter changes associated with neurodegenerative disorders such Alzheimer's Disease, and another on neurologic aspects of white matter including intriguing new information on white matter plasticity. A unifying theme is the concept of connectivity, as it is clear the white matter forms an essential component of the widespread distributed neural networks by which cognition and emotion are organized. In addition to the microconnectivity within gray matter that subserves information processing, the macroconnectivity of white matter enables information transfer - both are critical for the functions of the human mind. more...

This dictionary is an ideal reference for researchers and students, providing information on all structures related to neuroanatomy. Its standardized entries are sorted in alphabetical order to guarantee quick and easy access. The Dictionary of Human Neuroanatomy is based on the data presented in the InterBRAIN CD-ROM and lists approximately 1,000 neuroanatomical terms. more...

This study of the brain stem and the cerebellum is the sequel to a previous study of the brain (cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon) [82]. The brain stem and cerebellum are dealt with here for the same purpose as was the brain in the previous work, i.e., to reach, step by step, knowledge that is comprehensive enough for an understanding of an atlas of sections and its clinical use. Following a brief survey of the methods used, the first chapter describes the brain stem and cerebellum surfaces as well as their location in the posterior cranial fossa. The second and the third chapter, respectively, describe the brain stem and cerebellum structures followed by brief surveys of their functions, enabling the reader to obtain an introductory view of the role of both the nuclei and fasciculi. The fourth chapter studies the brain stem vascular network in detail. Thus, this chapter sums up the results of research on brainstem superficial blood vessels and their intra­ nervous territories that were already presented in two previous works [79, 80]. By contrast, presentation of the cerebellar vascularization follows the previous literature. more...

Every chapter has been updated to reflect current thought and research in the field. Chapters devoted to specialized tests in neuropsychology have been updated to reflect new editions of these popular instruments. Special topic chapters have been added such as working in pediatric coma rehabilitation, using the planning, attention, sequential, simultaneous theory of neuropsychological processes, additions on ADHD, and more appear written by the leading experts and practitioners in these fields to reflect the demands of current practice in clinical child neuropsychology. more...

This book presents the latest findings in mechanosensitivity of the nervous system. The nervous system stands out from a number of tissues because besides reacting to the mechanical stress it is transmitting its own response to other organs and tissues, which are located downstream of its signaling pathway. For this reason any type of mechanical stimulation of the nervous system, which is capable of triggering a physiological response, has high scientific and practical significance, since it allows its use beyond a particular experimental model anywhere where it is contributing to a particular pathological condition. This book is a unique collection of reviews outlining the current knowledge and the future developments in this rapidly growing field. Currently, investigations of the effects of mechanical stress on the nervous system are focused on several issues. The majority of studies investigate the effects of mechanical stimulation on mechanosensitive channels, as its primary target and interactive agent, and aim on description of downstream intracellular signaling pathways together with addressing general issues of biomechanics of the nervous system. Knowledge of biomechanics, and mechanisms, which underlie it on organism, organ, tissue and cellular level, is necessary for understanding of the normal functioning of living organisms and allows to predict changes which arise due to alterations of their environment, and possibly will allow to develop new methods of artificial intervention. The book brings up the problem closer to the experts in related medical and biological sciences as well as practicing doctors besides just presenting the latest achievements in the field. more...

An enormous number of neurons in the brain form neural circuits by creating s- aptic bonds with other neurons. Many of those circuits come together and function as a system. To clarify the function of the human brain, a study needs to be dev- oped as a whole, not merely at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. With the development of neural science, knowledge of the molecules and neurons that comprise the brain has increased exponentially in the last two decades. The mysteries of human brain function are being solved in sequence with the use of the latest medical technologies such as PET, fMRI, MEG, and TEM, and in this way, research in neural science is making rapid progress. Springer Japan has given me the opportunity to publish this book, Novel Trends in Brain Science, which introduces the most important and latest knowledge in neural science on brain function imaging, learning, memory, emotions, and pain. In particular, the relationship between well-developed oral cavities and highly advanced brain function is an extremely new and unique area of study and is expected to become an entirely new? eld. As of 2006, two Japanese–Taiwanese joint conferences on neural science have been held, in Gifu Prefecture (Japan) last year and in Taipei this year. In this book I have collected original research introduced by neuroscientists representing both countries at those conferences, and I am con? dent that the work brought together here will promote further research on the human brain. more...

Human Neuroanatomy provides a thorough and comprehensive overview of the human brain and spinal cord for medical and graduate students as well as residents in the clinical neurosciences. Standing on the shoulders of training from outstanding scientist-teacher mentors and based on more than 30 years of experience teaching about the brain and spinal cord to medical and graduate students, this single authored text presents everything the reader would need as they begin their study of the nervous system. At the same time the experienced neuroscientist will find much useful and valuable information in these pages that is based almost exclusively on studies in experimental primates and observations in humans. Every effort has been made to present the complexities of the nervous system as simply and clearly as possible. The careful reader will discover a clarity and depth of coverage that makes the reading both instructional and enjoyable. Topics are presented logically and the text in an easy-to-read style. The accompanying line drawings emphasize important concepts in a clear and uncluttered manner. Topics presented: Neurons, glial cells, degeneration, regeneration, axonal transport Review of the development of the human nervous system Overview of the anatomy of the spinal cord, brain stem and forebrain General sensory paths (pain, temperature, touch, pressure, proprioception) Special sensory systems (auditory, vestibular, visual, olfactory and gustatory) Eye movements and visual reflexes Comprehensive presentation of the regions involved in motor activity including the clinical manifestation of injuries to these motor areas Limbic system, hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system Lobes of the brain, clinically important cortical areas and the results of lesions in these areas Blood supply to the spinal cord, brain stem, and brain including classical brain stem syndromes The meninges and the ventricular system Numerous helpful clinical correlations that emphasize the practical application of basic anatomical information Presents the complexities of the nervous system as simply and clearly as possible Written with a clarity and depth of coverage that makes the reading both instructional and enjoyable Includes numerous illustrations emphasizing important concepts more...

The workshop brought together experts in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, physiology, engineering, physics, mathematics, audiology and medicine to present current work and to review the critical issues of inner ear function. A special emphasis of the workshop was on analytical model based studies. Experimentalists and theoreticians thus shared their points of view. The topics ranged from consideration of the hearing organ as a system to the study and modeling of individual auditory cells including molecular aspects of function. Some of the topics in the book are: motor proteins in hair cells; mechanical and electrical aspects of transduction by motor proteins; function of proteins in stereocilia of hair cells; production of acoustic force by stereocilia, mechanical properties of hair cells and the organ of Corti; mechanical vibration of the organ of Corti; wave propagation in tissue and fluids of the inner ear; sound amplification in the cochlea; critical oscillations; cochlear nonlinearity, and mechanisms for the production of otoacoustic emissions. This book will be invaluable to researchers and students in auditory science. more...

Rational pharmacotherapy of the inner ear will become an important issue in treatment of inner ear diseases today and in the future. The contributions of some of the experts in the field are gathered in the present volume dedicated to all aspects of the pharmacology and the possible local and systemic treatment of inner ear diseases. Major topics include new aspects of human inner ear anatomy, neurotransmission, ion channels, vascular system, immunology, excitotoxicity, modulation of cell cycle, regeneration and differentiation, as well as new aspects of basic mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels. A major feature of this volume is that it brings together both basic researchers and physicians to evaluate new experimental therapies and discuss future clinical strategies in the treatment of cochleo-vestibular disorders. Therefore, it will prove interesting to both scientists and clinicians in sensory physiology and auditory systems. more...

Chemokines are a superfamily of small proteins which play a crucial role in immune and inflammatory reactions and in viral infection. They attract and activate leukocytes and regulate diverse cellular systems and organs ranging from blood vessels to the central nervous system. This book provides an overview of the main structural and functional features of chemokines. It presents recent studies which indicate that chemokines regulate the trafficking of dendritic cells and hence the activation of specific immunity and the subsequent orientation of immunity. Further contributions focus on the role of chemokines in the regulation of angiogenesis, and the interplay of HIV with chemokines and their receptors. Given the role of chemokines in diverse human diseases, their pharmacology is a prime target for research. In the last chapter, strategies to develop chemokine antagonists are discussed. Written by experienced investigators and summarizing current trends in this fast-moving field, this well-organized volume will be a useful reference for immunologists, virologists, oncologists, pharmacologists and neurobiologists. more...