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This textbook covers the full spectrum of tuberculosis-related topics in a comprehensive yet easy-to-follow, readily accessible format. Filling a significant gap in tuberculosis literature, it addresses tuberculosis sensu latu, mirroring the content of the London Queen Mary University tuberculosis Diploma.Covering all aspects related to this condition, from prevention, diagnosis and treatment to public and global health, the book provides a broad overview of tuberculosis management. Further, it includes a wealth of case studies and exercises, making it an essential guide for all staff involved in tuberculosis management. Written by an international and interdisciplinary panel of experts, the book appeals to a broad readership including students, postdoctoral fellows, clinicians, researchers, and nurses, as well as public health officers working in tuberculosis control programs.

Tuberculosis (TB), causing nine million active disease cases and 1.5 million deaths every year, is a formidable public health challenge, particularly in poor and developing countries around the world. Major reasons for global burden of TB include association of active disease with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection or other underlying immunosuppressive conditions such as diabetes, and increasing incidence of drug-resistant, multidrug-resistant (MDR) (resistant at least to rifampicin and isoniazid) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (additionally resistant to a fluoroquinolone plus kanamycin/amikacin/capreomycin) strains of M. tuberculosis. While treatment of drug-susceptible TB is effective in more than 95% of disease cases, supervised therapy for greater than 6 months is challenging. Inadequate/inappropriate therapy due to inability of poor patients to pay for drugs and non-adherence to treatment (regimen and duration), often results in much lower cure rates and evolution of drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis due to mutations occurring at a predictable rate in genes encoding drug targets. Sequential accumulation of mutations results in evolution of MDR and XDR strains of M. tuberculosis. Today, drug-resistant TB and MDR-TB have become prevalent in many parts of the world and XDR-TB strains are emerging rapidly. While MDR-TB is difficult to treat, XDR-TB is untreatable in most developing countries. Proper management of MDR-TB/XDR-TB patients relies on early diagnosis and aggressive therapy with several (5-7) expensive, toxic and less efficacious (second-line and third-line) drugs for more than 24 months, which in turn complicates adherence to treatment. Although current therapeutic agents are inadequate to meet the challenge, particularly in HIV-coinfected patients, several new drugs and new drug regimens are in late stages of clinical development to improve the outcome of MDR-TB/XDR-TB. This book provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in molecular genetic basis of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis; conventional and molecular diagnosis of active TB, drug-resistant TB and MDR-TB/XDR-TB; new therapeutic approaches being used for treatment of MDR-TB/XDR-TB and anti-TB drug development pipeline.