Search

The aim of the book is to sensitize physicians and researchers to the important long-term health effects of early, persistent, and severe trauma. The author, an internist, rheumatologist, and basic researcher in psychoneuroimmunology, shows connections between adverse childhood experiences and typical adult sequelae. After early traumatic experiences and childhood stress, there is a higher incidence of mental illness, chronic pain, sleep disorders, dental problems, obesity, cardiovascular disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus and chronic inflammation. A selection of diseases unmistakably demonstrate the long-term consequences of early childhood trauma. These childhood experiences create a kind of long-term programming that has a negative effect in adulthood. From his psychoneuroimmunological perspective, Rainer Straub identifies four factors that link the brain to the immune system and are involved in chronic immune activation: direct connectors originating from the brain, indirect connectors functioning through hormonal and neuronal pathways, extracorporeal (the environmental factors) and pleiotropic connectors (genetic factors).The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

Weltweit gehören gastrointestinale Infektionen zu den häufigsten erregerbedingten Erkrankungen überhaupt und zählen zu den 10 häufigsten Todesursachen insbesondere bei Kindern. Im Rahmen des Infektionsschutzgesetzes meldepflichtigen Erkrankungen in Deutschland spielen gastrointestinaler Infektionen mit bis zu 60% die wichtigste Rolle (z.B. Noro- und Rotaviren).Die gastroenterologische Infektiologie erfährt derzeit einen rasanten Bedeutungszuwachs durch die weitreichenden Resistenzprobleme infolge des häufig ungezielten Einsatzes von Antibiotika (insbesondere MRGN), der zunehmenden Herausforderung einer alternden Bevölkerung mit steigender Komorbidität und Infektionsanfälligkeit sowie durch die besonderen Herausforderungen von migrationsassoziierten Infektionskrankheiten.Kompakt und konzentriert stellt das Praxisbuch die wichtigsten infektiösen Erkrankungen und das diagnostische und therapeutische Vorgehen dar. Das Praxisbuch startet mit den Grundlagen zur Epidemiologie, Labordiagnostik, Hygiene und Meldepflichten. Das Kernstück sind die unterschiedlichen bakteriellen und viralen Gastroenteritiden. Aber auch gastrointestinale Infektionen nach einem Tropenaufenthalt oder in Zusammenhang mit sexuell übertragbaren Erkrankungen, welche in der Differentialdiagnostik mit bedacht werden sollten, finden Erwähnung. Der bedeutende Erreger Helicopacter pylori mit seinen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Ansätzen wird ebenfalls ausführlich beschrieben. Eine passende Ergänzung erhält der Leser durch das Management hepatobiliärer Infektionen.Ein gelungenes Praxisbuch für alle Internisten Gastroenterologen und Infektiologen - insbesondere für Weiterbildungsassistenten und junge Fachärzte. Aber auch Hausärzte finden hier hilfreiches Wissen für eine sichere Diagnostik und erfolgversprechende Therapie. Denn rasches und richtiges Handeln kann Schaden nicht nur vom Betroffenen, sondern potenziell auch von der Umgebung abwenden.Sicherheit im Handeln bei gastroenterologischen und hepatobiliären Infektionen.

This book provides an overview of the discovery and structure of IL-17, including its pathogenesis and role in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. To capture the latest developments and product approvals the book also discusses the therapeutic advances and looks at emerging therapies targeting the IL-17 pathway. IL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has a key role in inflammation, autoimmunity, and host defense in a number of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The discovery of the IL-17-Th17 pathway has seen exciting development in the field of immunology and inflammation research, which has led to a number of recent regulatory approvals.

A Clinician's Guide to Systemic Effects of Periodontal Diseases will serve as an ideal, easy-to-use reference for the practicing health professional. It summarizes the latest research on the systemic effects of periodontal diseases, discusses how the results of this research will impact on clinical practice, and aims to help the clinician to answer questions that may be posed by patients, medical colleagues, and the media. A central theme is the contribution of periodontal diseases to systemic inflammation but other mechanisms, such as systemic dissemination of oral pathogens, are also covered. A collaborative approach involving noted investigators in each field and medical colleagues ensures that all chapters are of clinical relevance from both a dental and a medical perspective. The book is also visually engaging, with numerous summary figures and graphics, bullet point tables, and highlight boxes identifying the most clinically significant points.

The Inflammatory Process, Second Edition is an account of the inflammatory process and covers topics ranging from cell surface phenomena and connective tissue to the role of the formed elements of the blood in inflammatory states, particularly in the light of the rapidly burgeoning literature on platelet physiology. The life history and functional capacities of leukocytes are also examined, along with chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and the mechanisms responsible for tissue damage in inflammation. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the experimental approach to the study of inflammation, followed by a discussion on the biochemistry of the mammalian plasma membrane. The reader is then introduced to cell injury; chemotaxis; phagocytosis; and lysosomal mechanisms in the inflammatory process. Subsequent chapters deal with the inflammatory process at the cellular level, paying particular attention to neutrophil leukocytes; the metabolism and physiology of mononuclear phagocytes; the role of platelets in inflammatory reactions; and structural and biochemical characteristics of mast cells. This book will be of interest to practitioners in fields ranging from biochemistry to pathology, bacteriology, physiology, and immunology.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a prevalence of 0.1% of the global population, and 5-10% patients are under 40 years of age. Several text books have been published on various aspects of PD to date, including research and clinical aspects. However these do not emphasize the inflammatory pathways and pathways of neurodegeneration in PD. Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease brings advances in research together with current literature and evidence. This concise volume covers the fundamentals of neuroimmunology and inflammatory models, the interactions between pathways of neurodegeneration and follows the concept of research work undertaken from basic science to clinical trials. Researchers, clinicians, and students interested in Parkinson's Disease are provided with a comprehensive view of translational research methods and an insight needed for developing future therapies aimed at disease modulation.

This monograph offers the reader an integrated point-of-view about the inflammatory response related to injury, infections and tumors. This integration is based on the hypothesis that the multiple pathophysiological mechanisms making up inflammation represent the re-expression of ontogenic mechanisms during early embryo development as well as the recapitulation of ancestral phylogenetic mechanisms. The relevance of the anti-inflammatory treatments is also highlighted with respect to polytraumatic patients, advances in stem cell research, embryology and the wound healing mechanism.Readers of this book will have the chance of gaining a unique perspective about of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the multiple inflammatory conditions. This integrative concept about inflammation can be applied in biological investigation, as well as in clinical research and translational medicine.

The primary focus of this book is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in inflammation, especially in molecular biological and clinical aspects. Chapters contained in this book are written by invited authors from all over the world, who are well-known experts in their respective fields. In the book, chapters discussed include the molecular basis of inflammatory mechanisms, the functional roles of inflammation in diseases and new treatments of anti-inflammation. This book will be useful to all who wish to understand the scientific basis of inflammatory disease.

This book reviews and examines the novel findings regarding anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic exercise. Furthermore, the authors discuss to what extend the exercise induced anti-inflammatory response may play a therapeutic role in chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation. Evidences for the anti-inflammatory healthy effects of regular continuous exercise are presented in this book.

The acute inflammatory response is the body's first system of alarm signals that are directed toward containment and elimination of microbial invaders. Uncontrolled inflammation has emerged as a pathophysiologic basis for many widely occurring diseases in the general population that were not initially known to be linked to the inflammatory response, including cardiovascular disease, asthma, arthritis, and cancer. To better manage treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of these wide-ranging diseases, multidisciplinary research efforts are underway in both academic and industry settings. This book provides an introduction to the cell types, chemical mediators, and general mechanisms of the host's first response to invasion. World-class experts from institutions around the world have written chapters for this introductory text. The text is presented as an introductory springboard for graduate students, medical scientists, and researchers from other disciplines wishing to gain an appreciation and working knowledge of current cellular and molecular mechanisms fundamental to inflammation.

Digestive-disease-associated mortality accounts for a major part of all deaths in Western societies and inflammatory diseases such as GI infections, viral hepatitis, GERD or cancers due to chronic inflammation have a tangible economic and social impact. What further aggravates the situation is the fact that complex immunological disorders have surfaced where anti-infective treatments are not effective. Fortunately, due to breakthroughs in basic research that are being successfully translated into clinical practice, new treatment strategies are constantly evolving. In addition to the development of new therapeutic measures, however, it is also mandatory to review and periodically refine established treatment regimens to reflect current knowledge and ensure up-to-date medical care. Combining outstanding basic research reviews with cutting-edge treatment guidelines on inflammatory disorders of the GI tract, this book presents newly identified treatment targets and provides clinicians and practitioners in the field with a most useful account of the state of the art.

The American Obesity Association identifies obesity's link to numerous medical conditions, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, several cancers, and a host of inflammatory disorders. Evidence indicates that inflammation has more than a corollary relation with obesity; that in fact, obesity itself manifests a low-grade, m

Pediatric Rheumatology in Clinical Practice is authored by a trio of experts from the UK, US and Canada. The book presents the physician with key points and summary boxes about various symptoms, making the book a useful quick reference guide. 79 illustrations, most of them in color, enhance the text. Pediatric Rheumatology in Clinical Practice will be of particular interest to rheumatologists in practice, residents on rotation through the rheumatology clinic, primary care physicians, hospital doctors, as well as to senior nursing staff.

Regulatory T-cells are essential components of the immune system, and several different subsets of regulatory T-cells have been described. Considerable regulatory function has been attributed to the CD4+CD25+ T-cell subset. These cells act by suppressing adaptive and possibly innate immune responses thereby maintaining or restoring the balance between immunity and tolerance. The suppressive effects of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells are cell-contact dependent. Recent developments and viewpoints in the field of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells as well as the potential use of regulatory T-cells in immunotherapy of inflammatory diseases are discussed in this volume. By linking data from experimental models with recent findings from the clinic, this book will be of interest to immunologists and other biomedical researchers as well as clinicians interested in the regulation and manipulation of the immune response during inflammatory disease.

Because inflammation is involved in many chronic human diseases, its proper understanding may provide important clues to new therapeutic targets. In Inflammation Protocols, highly skilled experimenters present key techniques for the multidisciplinary study of inflammation in such conditions as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, renal disease, and cardiovascular disease. Described in step-by-step detail to ensure experimental success, the techniques are focused on the research and development of potential new antiinflammatory drugs in active target areas. The protocols are suitable for many current areas of drug discovery research, including transcription factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, free radicals, nitric oxide synthases, complement activation, angiogenesis, wound healing, immune rejection, and metalloproteinases. The methods provide in vitro systems for studying inflammation, in vivo models, and relevant pharmacodynamic measurements for the assessment of antiinflammatory compounds. Each protocol contains notes about potential pitfalls and tips on how to avoid failure. Overview chapters at the start of each section review the significance and potential limitations of the protocols presented. Cutting-edge and highly practical, Inflammation Protocols offers experimental and clinical researchers a premier collection of readily reproducible techniques not only for evaluating inflammatory disease processes, but also for the discovery of new drugs for treating chronic human inflammatory diseases today.

In Septic Shock Methods and Protocols, an interdisciplinary panel of expert investigators describe proven methods for investigating the often deadly mechanisms of septic shock. Drawing on insights from a wide variety of fields-ranging from molecular and cellular biology to the physiological measurement of whole animals-these experienced laboratorians detail the most important techniques for studying sepsis involving endotoxins, toxins derived from gram-positive organisms, cytokines, nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen intermediates, and the use of primary cell cultures. They also treat a number of significant techniques that are not well described in the literature, including the Limulus endotoxin assay, the bioassay of TNF, the purification of bacterial endotoxin and superantigens, and the culture of primary human cells. Multidisciplinary and state-of-the-art, Septic Shock Methods and Protocols offers both experimental and clinical investigators a gold-standard collection of key methods for illuminating the basic pathophysiological processes that occur following infection. Its readily reproducible methods will allow both newcomers and those with more experience to apply today's powerful techniques successfully in their work.

International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Biology, Modern Trends in Physiological Sciences, Volume 37: Chemical Mediators of the Acute Inflammatory Reaction traces the history of investigation into the acute inflammatory reaction from the early observations in invertebrates to the experiments of therapeutic significance for humans. This book focuses on mediators that are accepted as being commonly involved in the inflammatory reaction, such as histamine, kinins, serotonin, prostaglandins, and permeability factors. The topics discussed include the phagocytic system and antibody production; factors which influence phagocytosis; measurement of the acute inflammatory reaction; and combined actions of mediators. The reaction to injury and manifestation of inflammation and biochemical aspects of anti-inflammatory drug reaction are also covered. This volume is beneficial to anatomists, biochemists, physiologists, immunologists, pathologists, pharmacologists, and clinicians interested in acute inflammatory reaction.

Receptors of Inflammatory Cells: Structure-Function Relationships is the first in a new serial on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation. The purpose of this serial is to bring together the latest knowledge in various areas of research in this actively developing field around a topical focus. These volumes are not intended to present comprehensive reviews. Rather, each contribution is meant to be a status report from laboratories actively working in an area. This volume presents an analysis of the structure-function relationships of receptors. It is clear that the structure of receptors provides the initial guidance for numerous functions of each cell in the organism. Through an analysis of the submolecular features of the receptors that are responsible for the initiation of activity of diverse biochemical pathways within the cells, a molecular understanding of the all important initial, guiding events of cell functions will emerge. In the broad sense of cells involved in inflammation, this includes mitogenesis, gene transcription, generation of lipid metabolites and oxidants, clearance of molecules from the surrounding medium, and release of granular constituents from cytoplasmic vesicles into the external medium, among others. The contents of this first volume will serve as a foundation for the subject of the second volume, which is signal transduction. Four additional volumes are in preparation, including Endothelial Leukocyte-Adhesion Molecules, Leukocyte Adhesive Mechanisms in Inflammation and Immunity, a second volume on Signal Transduction, and Stimulation of Inflammatory Cells.