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This edited volume provides insights about the molecular virology, pathoenesis of infection and host responses to varicella-zoster virus, which is a medically important human herpesvirus. The chapters not only discuss genetics and molecular evolution of the virus, but also new structure-based knowledge on the functions of viral glycoproteins. Further, the authors illustrate how mechanisms from the virus are used to take over and remodel host cells during pathogeneis. These mechanisms also enable viral modulation of host cells and evasion of the host immune response. Part of these evasion and survival strategies, is the reaction to triggered host cell responses like autophagy, the stress response, modulation of apoptosis and other cell death pathways. This hands-on knowledge is crucial for students and clinicians in Virology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases.Chapter'Common features between strokefollowing varicella in children and stroke following herpes zoster in adults'is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via Springerlink.com.

This book, which is the second volume of Role of Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases, provides comprehensive coverage on how microbial pathogens can subvert our immune system into responding against self and resulting in autoimmune diseases. In particular, the book covers the different aspects of linking gut microbiota dysbiosis with autoimmune mechanisms involved in disease development to identify future effective approaches based on the gut microbiota for preventing these autoimmune diseases.Contributions in the book focus on the role of microbiota/probiotics and their distinct mechanisms exerted in the management of autoimmune diseases of the kidney, central nervous system, eye, blood vessel, and bowel. This could help in better understanding to design of therapeutic strategies that can be deployed to prevent these autoimmune diseases.The book has an interdisciplinary appeal and scholars with an interest in immunology, medical microbiology, and nutritional sciences will value its contribution. Overall, the book gives new dimension and insight into the aspects of microbial role in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

The sixth edition of Contact Dermatitis covers in detail every conceivable aspect of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis and its modern-day management. The 1st edition of this book was published in 1992 and has served as the main reference book of contact dermatitis. In this new edition special emphasis is given to immunological mechanisms, molecular aspects of sensitizers, atypical clinical forms, patch test methodology, reactions to medicaments, and occupational and environmental factors. In order to optimize the diagnostic approach, a wide range of information is provided, including a dictionary of contact allergens and detailed information on exposure assessment. Retained chapters from the previous edition have been thoroughly revised to reflect the latest knowledge. Furthermore, completely new chapters have been added on a variety of topics, including contact allergy to medical implants, relevant allergens in gloves and immediate reactions to occupational materials. The editors and authors are all leading practitioners in the field. The comprehensive but approachable text is supplemented by a large number of full colour illustrations and tables. Core messages highlight the most important information and will help the reader to gain a better understanding of the subject and greater competence in everyday practice.

The pace and sophistication of advances in medicine in the past two decades have necessitated a growing need for a comprehensive reference that highlights current issues in medicine. Each volume in the Current Issues in Medicine series is a stand‐alone text that provides a broad survey of various critical topics—all accomplished in a user-friendly yet interconnected format. The series not only highlights current advances but also explores related topics such as translational medicine, regulatory science, neglected diseases, global pandemics, patent law, immunotoxicology, theranostics, big data, artificial intelligence, novel imaging tools, combination drug products, and novel therapies. While bridging the gap between basic research and clinical medicine, this series provides a thorough understanding of medicine's potential to address health problems from both the patient's and the provider's perspectives in a healthcare setting. The range of topics covered and the expertise of the contributing authors accurately reflect the rapidly evolving areas within medicine—from basic medical sciences to clinical specialties. Each volume is essential reading for physicians, medical students, nurses, fellows, residents, undergraduate and graduate students, educators, policymakers, and biomedical researchers. The multidisciplinary approach of the series makes it a valuable reference resource for the pharmaceutical industry, academia, and governments. However, unlike other series on medicine or medical textbooks, this series focuses on current trends, perspectives, and issues in medicine that are central to healthcare delivery in the 21st century. Volume 2 focuses on the current issues in basic medical sciences, subjects that are fundamental to the practice of medicine. Specifically, it discusses clinical immunology, medical microbiology, COVID-19, and big data. These subjects, traditionally taught in the first two years of medical school that precede clinical instruction, provide a core of basic knowledge critical to the success in clinical medicine during rotations, training, and medical practice.

In December 2019, the world witnessed the occurrence of a new coronavirus to humanity. The disease spread quickly and became known as a pandemic globally, affecting both society and the health care system, both the elderly and young groups of people, and both the men's and women's groups. It was a universal challenge that immediately caused a surge in scientific research. Be a part of a world rising in fighting against the pandemic, the Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19 was depicted in the early days of the pandemic, but updated by more than 200 scientists and clinicians to include many facets of this new infectious pandemic, including i, characteristics, ecology, and evolution of coronaviruses; ii, epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis (immune responses and oxidative stress) of the disease; iii, diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical manifestations of the disease in pediatrics, geriatrics, pregnant women, and neonates; iv, challenges of co-occurring the disease with tropical infections, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and cancer and to the settings of dentistry, hematology, ophthalmology, and pharmacy; v, transmission, prevention, and potential treatments, ranging from supportive ventilator support and nutrition therapy to potential virus- and host-based therapies, immune-based therapies, photobiomodulation, antiviral photodynamic therapy, and vaccines; vi, the resulting consequences on social lives, mental health, education, tourism industry and economy; and vii, multimodal approaches to solve the problem by bioinformatic methods, innovation and ingenuity, globalization, social and scientific networking, interdisciplinary approaches, and art integration. We are approaching December 2020 and the still presence of COVID-19, asking us to call it COVID (without 19).

Clinical Infectious Disease is the only comprehensive single-volume reference on clinical infectious disease for the busy medical practitioner. Now in its third edition, Clinical Infectious Disease provides rapid access to a practical overview of clinical infectious disease topics such as the susceptible host and nosocomial infection. Organized in topically relevant sections for ease of use and supported by full-color illustrations, this volume focuses on differential diagnosis, focused testing, and practical empiric and specific therapeutics in clinical infectious disease. It also features current research on medical microbiology, antimicrobial stewardship, and evolving treatments for COVID-19. Authoritative and accessible, Clinical Infectious Disease remains the'go to'desktop reference for daily clinical infectious disease problems.

This book is intended as a manual and offers an essential tool for practicing and occupational dermatologists, for postgraduates training in dermatology and allergo-immunology, and for allergologists and occupational physicians. Moreover, the authors include information from the world literature, addressing the needs of those who work in industrial fields and are concerned about the dermatological safety of products. The book provides a handy update on this complex, rapidly evolving research area, and in particular, an in-depth analysis of its clinical aspects. It will enable dermatologists to recognize the various clinical manifestations of the condition, make a prompt diagnosis and choose the most effective treatment.Contact dermatitis, a vast and fascinating field of study, has a high frequency of occurrence worldwide in both children and adults of both sexes, and during their daily routine, dermatologists invariably encounter many patients with this disease. To ensure the proper management of these patients it is necessary first of all to formulate a clinical diagnosis on accurate morphological grounds, since it is the most clinically polymorphic disease in dermatology and hence very demanding in terms of differential diagnosis. Then, to achieve properly targeted prevention for each patient, it is essential to isolate the causes among the numerous etiological chemical agents present in both working and leisure time activities and environments. The aim of this book is therefore two-fold: firstly to provide information on the various clinical features of contact dermatitis and review their differential diagnosis, and secondly to provide a comprehensive etiological overview. Particular attention has been paid to the methodologies and importance of patch tests and other diagnostic tools, as well as to the principles of prognosis, treatment and rehabilitation, together with considerations on some preventive aspects underlying contact dermatitis. A wealth of color clinical images, as well as tables and explanatory diagrams, round out the book.

The second edition of this book spans the broad range of modern therapeutic drugs, from small molecules to biologic recombinant proteins. It offers a comprehensive review of the classification and description of different drug-induced systemic and cutaneous hypersensitivities; an up-to-date coverage of individual culprit drugs in each group of therapeutics; the diagnosis and mechanisms of reactions; and important structure-activity relationships. New content expands to two areas of drug allergy that have recently experienced explosive growth: biological therapies and new targeted chemotherapies. Other new and expanded chapters address antimicrobials; drugs used in anesthesia and surgery; opioids; non-targeted anti-cancer drugs; vaccines; and newly understood reaction mechanisms.This new edition includes photographs of a wide variety of cutaneous manifestations that will be of use to other clinicians as well as allergists and dermatologists. In addition to its wide clinical emphasis, the book's mechanistic and structure-activity detail will provide valuable background for researchers and investigators in universities, medical research institutes, drug companies, and regulatory agencies. The second edition of Drug Allergy is an essential reference for practitioners across the medical disciplines from specialist clinicians, surgeons, GPs, residents, and medical students to nurses, pharmacists, dentists, and those taking undergraduate and graduate courses in the biomedical sciences.

This new edition of the principal reference on occupational dermatology provides the most comprehensive updated overview of its clinical management. It contains a number of new and heavily revised chapters, taking into account recent developments in the understanding and clinical management of occupational dermatitis. Since its first publication in 2000, it has served as the main reference on the topic for general and occupational dermatologists, occupational physicians, and health workers in other fields. It provides a comprehensive overview of clinical appearances, epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, contact materials, patient care, and prevention. This third edition of Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology has been revised and extended to take into account recent developments. The emphasis is very much on evidence-based dermatology, and the coverage is both completely up-to-date and exceptionally detailed. The layout allows for both in-depth reading andquick access to practical information, with the inclusion of concise tables, algorithms, and figures on how to optimize the diagnostic procedure for daily patient management. It continues to ensure that experts and students alike are acquainted with newly emerging conditions and the latest advances.

Stiehm's Immune Deficiencies: Inborn Errors in Immunity, Second Edition, is ideal for physicians and other caregivers who specialize in immunology, allergies, infectious diseases and pulmonary medicine. It provides a validated source of information for care delivery to patients, covering approaches to diagnosis that use both new genetic information and emphasize screening strategies. Management has changed dramatically over the past five years, so approaches to infection and autoimmunity are emphasized in an effort to improve outcomes and disseminate new information on the uses of targeted therapy. Covers immune deficiencies that are presented in a practical way, providing helpful information for active clinicians Fills an increasingly deep gap in the information available to clinicians Presents both clinical management and scientific advances for immune deficiencies Provides a primary resource for physicians in the field of immunodeficiencies Includes website access to a range of videos relevant to the topics discussed

Immunization during pregnancy with currently recommended vaccines prevents infection in the mother, the unborn fetus, and the young infant, and there is an increasing focus from different stakeholders to use this approach for other infections of importance to protect these vulnerable groups. The aim of this Maternal Immunization book is to provide a contemporary overview of vaccines used in pregnancy (and the lactation period), with emphasis on aspects of importance for the target groups, namely, rationale for the use of vaccines in pregnancy, safety, immunogenicity (immunology), timing to vaccinate, repeat doses, protective effects in the mother, fetus, and infant, and public acceptance and implementation, of existing and of future vaccines. Provides an overview of a quickly evolving topic. This will benefit the reader who wishes to rapidly become informed and up-to-date with new developments in this field Suitable to a broad audience: scientific researchers, obstetricians, gynecologists, neonatologists, vaccinators, pediatricians, students, and industry. Maternal vaccination impacts a wide range of specialists Allows health care professionals/researchers to gain insight into other aspects of vaccination in pregnancy outside of their specialism Is coauthored by specialists from multiple disciplines, providing a diverse view of the subject, increasing its interest and appeal Creates awareness of the current developments in this area of medicine and of the potential of maternal vaccination to improve the health of mothers and infants worldwide

This volume opens by providing a comprehensive overview of the use and regulation of metals in our society, metal properties, and available testing methodologies. Common and uncommon metal allergens and sources of exposure are then reviewed in depth, detailing allergic responses and paying special consideration to select patient populations. In the general population, the prevalence of metal allergy is high. Environmental sources of metal exposure include jewelry, clothing, electronic devices, coins, leather, diet, and occupational exposure. Metal allergy may result in allergic contact dermatitis and systemic contact dermatitis, as well as several less common manifestations. Further, metal allergy has been associated with device failure and/or dermatitis following implantation of medical devices and dental implants. As metals are ubiquitous, this book will be indispensable for a wide range of clinicians and investigators. This handy reference will meet the needs of all health professionals and investigators who are interested in metal allergy and its diagnosis and management.

This book introduces and reviews several topics for each human herpesvirus. One of the most important features of the book is that it covers aspects of both basic research and clinical medicine. Herpesviridae, a family of double-strand DNA viruses, has unique biological features by which these viruses establish latency after primary infection and reactivate in later life. Nine human herpesviruses are known so far, and each of them causes a variety of diseases in both primary infection and reactivation. Since the discovery of each human herpesvirus, an abundance of findings related to them has accumulated in basic research and clinical medicine. However, the vast majority of biological features is still masked in mystery. Furthermore, a strategy of treatment and prevention has not yet been established for most human herpesviruses. A wide range of readers will be interested in this volume with its treatment of problematic points and latest findings in the field.

This comprehensive book thoroughly covers the field of stinging insect allergy; addressing all clinical aspects, including diagnosis and therapeutic recommendations. Stinging Insect Allergy: A Clinician's Guide begins with a look into the entomologic aspects of Hymenoptera insects (bees, vespids, wasps and ants), which cause nearly all the IgE mediated reactions due to insects. Further chapters single out and examine the unique aspects of common Hymenoptera species, such as bees and fire ants, in rich detail. Later chapters clinically review what is known about non-Hymenoptera biting insects, such as mosquitoes. In addition, multiple chapters address the overlap of Hymenoptera allergy as practiced in North America and Europe, as well as other sciences. Final chapters cover the impact ecology is having on insect allergy; and the impact insect allergy is having on other areas of medicine, such as mast cell disorders. Stinging Insect Allergy: A Clinician's Guide is an ideal resource for medical students, residents, allergists, and general practitioners alike, and also serves as an important reference text for any practitioner of allergy and immunology who desires a complete picture of Hymenoptera and non-Hymenoptera insect allergy.

Allergy and Allergen Immunotherapy: New Mechanisms and Strategies is a valuable and comprehensive book that covers allergy and causative allergens and provides diagnostic and therapeutic aspects as well. With chapters from internationally recognized experts in the field, the book provides a balanced approach to enumerating pollen allergens as well as allergy diagnosis and therapeutic management and safety assessment of genetically engineered food allergens. The book features a special section on allergic diseases and allergens from tropical countries, including such countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Iran, and South Korea, giving the book a global appeal. The book is broken in the following sections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Diagnosis of Allergy Aerobiology and Allergic Diseases Pollen Allergy in the Tropics and Temperate Regions Allergy in Children Food Allergy Evaluation Allergen Immunotherapy and Anti IgE The book deals not only on basics of allergy and allergen immunotherapy but also discusses indoor environments and safety considerations of genetically modified food allergens. The first of its kind volume from the Indian subcontinent that caters to the needs of clinicians, aerobiologists, environmentalists, and regulatory agencies as well, the volume will be of immense interest for clinicians and patients of allergy as well as diagnostic and therapeutic management of allergy in tropics.

Herpes viruses are widely distributed in nature, causing disease in organisms as diverse as bivalves and primates, including humans. Each virus appears to have established a long-standing relationship with its host, and the viruses have the ability to manipulate and control the metabolism of host cells, as well as innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses. Herpes viruses maintain themselves within hosts in a latent state resulting in virus persistence for years – usually for the life span of the hosts. Herpes viruses comprise a large number of pathogens with diverse cellular targets and biological consequences of infection. What they have in common is their structure and the fact that they establish a dormant (latent) infection in their hosts that usually persists for life. The reviews here will highlight the general principles of herpes virus infection, with equal attention to overall principle and important difference. Also, the cell type- and life-style dependent differences inthe establishment and maintenance of virus persistence will be covered.

This second edition is a comprehensive study of the viruses that affect the brain and the central nervous system. Along with a focus on the viruses themselves, it addresses the diseases they cause, current treatments and preventive measures. Also discussed are the unique aspects of how viruses cause disease and why certain hosts are more susceptible (e.g., polymorphisms, age, co-morbidities). Because there are 29 cutting edge chapters, written by experts in the fields, Neurotropic Viral Infections has been divided into two separate volumes. Volume 1, Neurotropic RNA Viruses, includes 14 chapters on RNA viruses that cause human disease of the central nervous system ranging from Bornavirus to polio to West Nile. Volume 2, Neurotropic Retroviruses, DNA Viruses, Immunity and Transmission, includes 15 chapters divided into two parts. Part 1 includes 7 chapters on retroviruses and DNA viruses that cause human disease of the central nervous system ranging from HIV to varicella zoster virus. Part 2 includes chapters on transmission of these viruses by transplantation, bites by bats and insects, clinical management of the infections, and beneficial uses of attenuated viruses.Neurotropic Viral Infections is a unique resource, bridging basic, clinical, and translational approaches.​

As the number of patients undergoing hematotopoietic or solid organ transplantation increases, a deep understanding of the field of transplant infectious diseases grows increasingly vital. With its extensively revised and updated review of surgical infections, treatment, prevention, and practice, this book is the ultimate guide to advances in the field of transplant infections that are rapidly implemented into practice both in diagnostic technologies, new therapies, new transplant practices, and challenges such as the threat of multiresistant bacteria and the increasing use of transplantation in the developing parts of the world. Written by experts in their fields, this book is the only comprehensive source of cutting-edge information on transplant infections and has been a trusted guide to medical professionals worldwide for nearly two decades.Transplant Infections is of paramount value to infectious disease specialists, transplant physicians, medical students, fellows, residents, and all medical professionals working with surgical patients.

Volume 6 provides coverage of the mechanisms of regulation of autophagy; intracellular pathogen use of the autophagy mechanism; the role of autophagy in host immunity; and selective autophagy. Attention is given to a number of mechanistic advances in the understanding of regulation, particularly the importance of nutrient availability; microRNAs; and cross-talk with other protein degradation pathways. Intracellular pathogen repurposing of autophagy for pathogenic benefit is also provided, with coverage of Herpesvirus protein modulation of autophagy; the varicella-zoster virus and the maintenance of homeostasis; and the relationship between autophagy and the hepatitis b virus. The significance of autophagy in host defense is elucidated, providing a specific focus on facilitation of antigen presentation; participation in thymic development; and the sharing of regulatory nodes with innate immunity. Selective autophagy for the degradation of mitochondria and endocytosed gap junctions are also explored. This book is an asset to newcomers as a concise overview of the regulation of autophagy, its role in host defense and immunity, and selective autophagy, while serving as an excellent reference for more experienced scientists and clinicians looking to update their knowledge. Volumes in the Series

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) was discovered as the first human tumor virus around 50 years ago. Since its discovery in Burkitt's lymphoma it has been associated with various other malignancies, infectious mononucleosis and even autoimmune diseases. The two book volumes on EBV summarize the first 50 years of research on this tumor virus, starting with historical perspectives on discovery, oncogenicity and immune control, reviewing the role that the virus plays in the various associated diseases and concluding with a discussion on how the immune system keeps persistent EBV infection under control in healthy EBV carriers and can be used to treat EBV associated diseases. The respective 32 chapters are written by international experts from three continents for health care providers, biomedical researchers and patients that are affected by EBV. The assembled knowledge should help to understand EBV associated diseases better and to develop EBV specific vaccination in the near future.

This book is an indispensable tool for anyone involved in the research, development, or manufacture of new or existing vaccines. It describes a wide array of analytical and quality control technologies for the diverse vaccine modalities.Topics covered include the application of both classical and modern bio-analytical tools; procedures to assure safety and control of cross contamination; consistent biological transition of vaccines from the research laboratory to manufacturing scale; whole infectious attenuated organisms, such as live-attenuated and inactivated whole-cell bacterial vaccines and antiviral vaccines using attenuated or inactivated viruses; principles of viral inactivation and the application of these principles to vaccine development; recombinant DNA approaches to produce modern prophylactic vaccines; bacterial subunit, polysaccharide and glycoconjugate vaccines; combination vaccines that contain multiple antigens as well as regulatory requirements and the hurdles of licensure.

Stiehm's Immune Deficiencies focuses on immunodeficiencies in children and adults. This book covers the many advances in the study of immunodeficiency. Stiehm's Immune Deficiencies includes 62 chapters covering topics such as newly described syndromes, genetic diagnosis, molecular abnormalities, newborn screening, and current therapies. Provides practical guidance to practitioners dealing with the day-to-day issues of diagnosis and management of immune deficient patients Covers both clinical management and scientific advances in one place Includes newly described disorders in various periodic updates to maintain the breadth of the reference

Recent research has focused attention on the importance of intrinsic antiviral immunity, i.e. immunity mediated by factors that are constitutively expressed in many cells. In this volume, leading experts provide a comprehensive overview of this relatively new and rapidly evolving field. They cover intrinsic proteinaceous antiviral immune effectors, such as the APOBEC3 and TRIM protein families as well as Tetherin and SAMHD1, which were initially discovered by researchers studying HIV-1. Furthermore, the role of RNA interference in antiviral defense in plants and invertebrates, as well as the interplay between microRNAs and viruses in mammalian cells, are analysed. One chapter discusses how intrinsic immunity and viral countermeasures to intrinsic immune effectors drive both pathogen and host evolution, and finally the emerging evidence that DNA damage response proteins restrict infection by DNA viruses is highlighted.

Neurovirology is an interdisciplinary field representing a melding of virology, clinical neuroscience, molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic virology, molecular biology, and immunology. Neuroviral Infections: General Principles and DNA Viruses covers recent developments in the area of neuroviral infections and discusses their role in related fields su

Two-Volume Set:Neurovirology is an interdisciplinary field representing a melding of virology, clinical neuroscience, molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic virology, molecular biology, and immunology. Neuroviral Infections: General Principles and DNA Viruses covers recent developments in the area of neuroviral infections and discusses their role in re

10. 1. 1. 1 The Purpose of Patch Testing Patch testing is a well-established method of diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis, a delayed type of hypersensitivity (type IV reaction). Patients with a history and clinical picture of contact dermatitis are reexposed to the suspected allergens under controlled conditions to verify the diagnosis. Besides testing patients with hand, arm, face or leg eczema (stasis dermatitis), testing of other types of eczema (atopic, seborrhoeic dermatitis, nummular eczema) is sometimes indicated, especially when the dermatologist suspects contact allergy to prescribed topical medicaments and their vehicles. Apart from its use to confirm a suspected allergic contact dermatitis, the patch test procedure can also be used before recommending alternative corti­ costeroids, skin care products, cosmetics, gloves, etc. in a particular patient. If the patient does not react to the alternatives tested, it is very unlikely that she or he will react to the products in ordinary use. 10. 1. 1.2 Standardization The first patch tests according to present principles were carried out in 1895 [1], but were preceded by some preliminary experiments [2] (see Chap. 1).

Der vorliegende Band dient den in Klinik und Praxis tätigen Dermatologen und dermatologisch interessierten Ärzten zur kontinuierlichen Fortbildung und als verläßliche Informationsquelle. Die Schwerpunkte dieses Bandes liegen auf den Fortschritten im Bereich der klinischen und operativen Dermatologie, des atopischen Ekzems, der Überlappungsdermatosen, der Erkrankungen des Fettgewebes, AIDS, der angewandten Allergologie, der Mikrobiologie, der Andrologie, der pädiatrischen Dermatologie, der Entwicklungen in der Therapie und der Berichte aus der Forschung für die Therapie.

The variety of chemically diverse pharmacological agents administered to patients is large and continues to expand and with every new drug released, there is always potential for adverse reactions, some of them allergic. With its roots in immunology and pharmacology, the science of drug allergy is becoming better understood and applied as its importance is increasingly recognized throughout the many branches of medicine. Drug Allergy: Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationships sheds new light on this field. Comprehensive in design, this authoritative title identifies the most important culprit drugs implicated in immediate and delayed drug hypersensitivities and offers up-to-date information on classifications, diagnoses, underlying mechanisms and structure-activity relationships. Chapters dealing with the molecular and cellular mechanisms of drug hypersensitivities, non-immune-mediated sensitivities and diagnostic methods are presented as introductory material for in-depth treatises on the β-lactam antibiotics, other antibiotics and antimicrobials, drugs used in anesthesia and surgery, opioid analgesics, corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies and other biologics, drugs used in chemotherapy, proton pump inhibitors, iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast media and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition to being of immense value to clinicians, other health care professionals and researchers, this title will prove invaluable for those taking undergraduate and graduate courses in science and will also serve as a useful text for students of medicine, pharmacy, nursing and dentistry.

The third edition of the Textbook of Contact Dermatitis is an update on every conceivable aspect of the modern-day management of contact dermatitis. Both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are covered clearly and comprehensively, special emphasis being given to occupational aspects as well as to prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The textbook also covers epidemiology, the computerization of patch test data and patient information systems, noninvasive bioengineering measurement techniques, methods of skin testing other than patch testing, the histopathology of both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, and subjective reactions. The editors and contributing authors are all leading practitioners in the field. They have augmented the chapters in this edition with the most important references available.

The World Health Organization estimates that at least five million people worldwide are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Of these about 100,000 are in Asia and Oceania, 500,000 in Europe, 2 million in the Americas and 2.5 million in Africa (Mann, 1989). The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is characterized by a derangement in cell-mediated immunity leading to opportunistic infections with for example Mycobacterium spp., Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium. The third symposium on'Topics in Mycology'brought together 265 experts from 32 countries to discuss the epidemiology, immmunological and pathogenetic aspects of AIDS and its opportunistic infections in general and fungal infections in particular. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is by far the commonest opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. The nature and classification of P. carinii is still controversial. In search for its true taxonomic affinities an introductory paper formulates a number of key questions. Candidosis is another frequent opportunistic infection. A number of papers discuss the possibility that selective pressures may operate on Candida albicans within the AIDS population and influence its nature: this might have an impact on prophylaxis and curative and/or suppressive therapy.

Due to changes in modern life, occupational dermatoses are increasing. This completely revised and comprehensive edition provides the concise information needed in dealing with patients in the field of occupational dermatology. It combines a highly practical approach to occupational dermatology with the skills and research experience of specialists in clinical and experimental dermatology. The spectrum of diseases covered in this book includes: allergic and irritant dermatitis; contact urticaria; photodermatoses; infectious diseases; skin tumors; systematic reactions due to percutaneous absorption; predisposed diseases and occupational skin problems. The information urgently needed for daily patient management is provided as quick reference through concise tables, algorithms, and figures on how to optimise the diagnostic procedures for high-quality care. This book will prove of great interest to all who are involved in treating patients with occupational skin diseases.

In March 1983 the Secretary of State for Welfare, Health and Cultural Affairs appointed the Steering Committee on Future Health Scenarios (STG). The task of the STG is to advise the Minister on the future of public health and health care in the long term in the Netherlands with a view to increasing the anticipatory capacity of government policy. Since 1983 the STG has set up a number of committees, including the Scenario Committee on AIDS, with a view to mapping out possible scenarios in their particular field of interest. The committees report in the form of scenario reports, which are of relevance not just to the national government but also to others involved in policy development and opinion formation in the field in question. What proportions will the HIV/AIDS epidemic assume and how many new HIV infections can be averted by HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns? How much care and support will people with HIV and AIDS need and what successes can be expected within the care sector? What will be the social consequences of AIDS and how can ostracism and the social isolation of people with HIV and AIDS be avoided? These and other related questions form the subject of this book, which examines the sociocultural and economic impact of AIDS in the Netherlands up to the year 2000. The book presents a study carried out by the Netherlands Institute of Mental Health (NcGv) and the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), under the direction of the STG Scenario Committee on AIDS. The researchers look back at the epidemiological, sociocultural and economic impact of AIDS in the Netherlands during the first decade of the epidemic and, on the basis of this, use scenario analysis to project the impact of AIDS up to the year 2000. The future projections relate both to the impact of AIDS and the maximization of efforts to combat the disease. In addition to a scenario exploring the impact of AIDS if developments continue unchanged, alternative scenarios are also put forward. These focus on the impact of significant changes in such diverse fields as sexual behaviour, injecting drug use, the effectiveness and organization of HIV/AIDS prevention programmes, and the demand for delivery of care. The book concludes that the impact of AIDS will only become fully apparent in the second decade of the epidemic. The authors consider the implications of this conclusion for HIV/AIDS prevention programmes, research, care and the efforts to counter the socially undesirable impacts of AIDS.

Sono passati sette anni dalla seconda edizione di Vaccini e vaccinazioni e in questo periodo non solo sono comparsi nuovi vaccini, ma sono state seguite, per la loro preparazione, nuove strategie basate sulla moderna capacità di riconoscere e manipolare i geni.

Un bambino con una malattia cutanea non è soltanto un problema medico ma anche sociale e soprattutto familiare con pesanti risvolti psicologici. Il volume fornisce un aggiornamento degli aspetti più attuali della dermatologia allergologica in età pediatrica e si propone come aiuto e guida per tutti quei medici che intendono approfondire le conoscenze in questo settore sempre più in espansione. Tutti i capitoli sono stati infatti realizzati da specialisti con molti anni di ricerca e di esperienza pratica in questa disciplina.

Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Disease provides the comprehensive and actionable coverage you need to understand, diagnose, and manage the ever-changing, high-risk clinical problems caused by pediatric infectious diseases. With new chapters, expanded and updated coverage, and increased worldwide perspectives, this authoritative medical reference offers the latest need-to-know information in an easily-accessible, high-yield format for quick answers and fast, effective intervention! Spend less time searching thanks to a consistent, easily-accessible format featuring revised high-yield information boxes, highlighted key points, and an abundance of detailed illustrations and at-a-glance tables. Be prepared for the unexpected! A veritable'who's who'of global authorities provides practical knowledge to effectively diagnose and manage almost any infectious disease you may encounter. Quickly look up the answers you need by clinical presentation, pathogen, or type of host. Get expanded coverage for all types of infectious diseases including new chapters on infection related to pets and exotic animals, and tickborne infections. Apply the latest recommendations and treatments for emerging and re-emerging diseases including the H1N1 virus.

Prevention of infectious diseases by vaccination is one of the most significant achievements of modern medicine. During the 20th century, the average human life span in the developed world was about 70 years and it is expected to increase, with a significant portion of this increase directly attributed to vaccination. Since the first empiric vaccination trials, knowledge and technology have enormously evolved and new vaccination strategies are emerging on the market. Indeed, in spite of the great success, conventional vaccination strategies sometimes may result ineffective and, above all, may raise safety concerns. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of some of the technology platforms that have been realized or are currently under development to try to address unsolved and new issues in the field of vaccine development. Common denominator of all thematic areas described herein is the multidisciplinary teamwork. Most of the enabling technologies have been established by putting in the “melting pot” expertise in fields that, at first glance, may appear very far apart. I hope that this collection of articles will make the readers aware that vaccinology is rapidly taking a new direction, ceasing to be an empirical science.

The fifth edition delivers up-to-date coverage of every conceivable aspect in modern-day management of contact dermatitis. Leading experts have thoroughly updated the previous edition, while adding new chapters on genetics, the skin barrier, respiratory symptoms to chemicals and an extensive section on prevention. Both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are covered with special emphasis on immunological mechanisms, molecular aspects of sensitizers, atypical clinical forms, reactions to medicaments, occupational and environmental aspects. The comprehensive yet approachable text is supplemented by numerous color illustrations and tables. Core messages and case reports highlight the most important information and help in gaining better understanding of the topic and greater competence in daily practice. An extensive dictionary of allergens gives quick access to specific information.

Technological advances, together with a better understanding of the molecular biology of infectious microorganisms, are creating exciting possibilities for a new generation of replicating vaccines. Historically, live vaccines have been either directly derived from a natural source or attenuated by empirical approaches using serial passages and host cell adaptation. Currently, we are witnessing a quantum leap in our technological capabilities to specifically modify the genetic make-up of viruses and bacteria, making it possible to generate improved live vaccines and to develop completely new types of replicating vaccines, such as vectored vaccines, single-round infectious vaccines and replicon vaccines. This book highlights some of the most exciting recent developments towards a new generation of replicating vaccines.

Muscle disease represents an important health threat to the general population. There is essentially no cure. Gene therapy holds great promise to correct the genetic defects and eventually achieve full recovery in these diseases. Significant progresses have been made in the field of muscle gene therapy over the last few years. The development of novel gene delivery vectors has substantially enhanced specificity and efficiency of muscle gene delivery. The new knowledge on the immune response to viral vectors has added new insight in overcoming the immune obstacles. Most importantly, the field has finally moved from small experimental animal models to human patients. This book will bring together the leaders in the field of muscle gene transfer to provide an updated overview on the progress of muscle gene therapy. It will also highlight important clinical applications of muscle gene therapy.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH: Volume III: Intramural Research contains a broad overview of the research activity of the NIAID intramural scientists working in the Division of Intramural Research (DIR) and the Vaccine Research Center (VRC), both in the Bethesda campus, and the Rocky Mountains Research Laboratories. Each of these laboratories employs scientists internationally recognized as leaders in their fields of biomedical research. This volume focuses on individual research contributions by internationally known scientists doing research in the NIAID laboratories.

Inflammation is a central mechanism in many neurological diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, and brain trauma as well as meningitis and contributes to the generation of pain. We are now beginning to understand the impact of the immune system on different nervous system functions and diseases, ranging from damage through tolerance to modulation and repair.This book discusses some of the more common neuro-inflammatory diseases. Topics covered include multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis and Susac syndrome. Comprehensive review of the latest developments in neuroinflammation Includes contributions from leading authorities

Dermatologists are being asked to understand the pathophysiology of a number of immune-mediated skin diseases. In addition, a number of new products have appeared on the market during the past decade which requires an understanding of the mechanisms of action of these drugs. Dermatologists, however, have no easily understood book to which they can refer to regarding the disease or the drug.

Easy to understand and easy to use, this essential book reflects the rapid progress in one of the most intriguing fields of medicine. It offers state-of-the-art information on basic immunology, fetal-neonatal immunology, and many more fascinating areas.

The differential application of skin protection in occupational settings becomes increasingly complex. Due to new scientific results and technological aspects as well as European and US regulations that have to be considered in the context of cosmetics and personal protective equipment, the practical application of skin protection requires constant reviewing and improvement. This publication provides a comprehensive update on specific cosmetic products from general principles of composition, protection from specific exposures, such as irritants, allergens and ultraviolet irradiation, to safety and efficacy testing both from the perspective of in vitro and in vivo testing. The second part focusses on special requirements and practical application in high-risk occupations and the respective skin protection programs, also including some critical remarks on the limitations of currently available skin protection measures. For specialists in the field of occupational dermatology such as dermatologists, allergists, occupational physicians, industrial hygienists, toxicologists, pharmacists and cosmetic scientists, this volume provides essential information on practical application, recommendation, testing or the making of personal skin protection products.

Due to the increasing exposure of the skin to damaging environmental influences such as ultraviolet radiation, climatic determinants, chemicals or infections, research in this field is rapidly progressing. The interaction between the skin and the environment presents a fascinating and challenging research subject. For instance, skin aging and skin carcinogenesis are caused by both genetic and environmental factors. And also in diseases like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and collagen diseases, genetic, immunologic and environmental factors interact. In recent years, new technologies to investigate skin response have allowed researchers to explore the interplay of environmental and genomic elements in skin cell biology, decipher the biochemical steps undertaken in the process, and study the genetics underlying variations in skin response to the environment. In this volume the state-of-the-art findings, ranging from molecular biology to epidemiology, are discussed thoroughly. The publication thus provides new insights for dermatologists, allergologists and immunologists who seek a better understanding of disease processes and new therapeutic strategies.

A Karger'Publishing Highlights 1890–2015'title Drug hypersensitivities are immune-mediated reactions characterized by exanthems, fever and internal organ involvement. They represent a challenging field of research: many different drugs can induce a variety of clinical symptoms through multiple mechanisms of drug-host interaction, many of which are poorly understood. This is the first book to approach the phenomenon of drug hypersensitivity in a comprehensive manner. Besides epidemiological aspects, it addresses the immunological mechanisms underlying these complicated reactions which go far beyond the IgE-mediated drug allergies also considered in the book. Furthermore, the book covers clinical manifestations and new diagnostic methods, and introduces some recently established animal models. Well-accepted and also completely new concepts are presented and discussed in detail. Many topics are treated from multiple perspectives, and the 33 chapters are thoroughly cross-referenced. This publication will be of immense value not only to allergologists, dermatologists and anyone prescribing medication, but also to scientists in a pharmaceutical industry challenged by the economic effects of failures in drug development or drug removal from the market. Elucidating the mechanisms of drug hypersensitivity will not only help to identify patients at risk but will also provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of numerous immune-mediated diseases.

Latency is a fascinating property of herpesviruses which ensures the maintenance of their genetic information in their hosts for an extended period in the absence of productive virus replication. Focusing on human herpesviruses and animal models of herpesvirus-associated human diseases, this is the first book dealing with the intricate epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification, alteration of chromatin structure) that regulate latency-associated transcription. Special attention is given to immune evasion'tricks'blocking immune responses to herpesvirus infected cells and viral RNAs and proteins involved in malignant transformation. Latency Strategies of Herpesviruses is an ideal book for researchers, scientists and graduate students in the fields of virology, immunology, microbiology, bacteriology, and veterinary medicine.

It is an unusual event for a textbook covering such a national and international networks and the use of highly specialized field as contact dermatitis to be standardized methodology, a highly differentiated published in its fourth edition within a time period picture can now be painted; we know the major p- of 13 years. When the European and Environmental fessions at risk, as well as the influences of age and Contact Dermatitis Research Group was founded in various cofactors. This is a solid basis for preventive 1985,one of the major goals was to edit a textbook of measures. A new allergen, described in one center, high scientific standard written by renown experts can now be tested on a large scale in a short time and keep it regularly updated. The greatest danger period. If the data evaluation shows an unacceptably for a textbook is to become outdated – then it stays high rate of sensitization in the exposed population, on the bookshelf and is rarely consulted. The contin- regulatory measures will be undertaken to protect uous flow of new medicaments, the fascinating the consumer. A recent example is the “methyldib- improvements in diagnostic image analysis and ever- mo glutaronitrile story. ” changing operative procedures are the reasons for These and other issues of importance are covered considerable knowledge deficits in old textbooks, in depth in the newest edition of this textbook.

Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines, Second Edition, provides in-depth insights and overviews of the most successful adjuvants, those that have been included in licensed products, also covering the most promising technologies that have emerged in recent years. In contrast to existing books on the subject, the chapters here provide summaries of key data on the mechanisms of action of the individual vaccine adjuvants. In addition, the book covers key aspects of how the technologies might be further developed and what might be their limitations, while also giving an overview of what made the most advanced adjuvant technologies successful. Provides contributions from leading international authorities in the field Features immunopotentiators classified by function, with well-illustrated, informative figures presenting the interaction between the immunopotentiators and the host immune system Lists advantages and potential hurdles for achieving a practical application for each specific immunopotentiator Offers US FDA perspectives which highlight how future adjuvants will be approved for new generation vaccines

Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity II provides a current view from leading experts concerning the hottest topics of concern to clinicians caring for children with infections. The book brings together a collection of manuscripts from a faculty of authors of international standing who contributed to a course in Paediatric Infection and Immunity in Oxford, UK in June 2004.