Search

Traditional and Herbal Medicines for COVID-19 explores promising ways to manage COVID-19, post-COVID, and long-COVID conditions. The management plans are based on anti-virus activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and diverse health benefits of traditional and herbal medicines through a comprehensive summarization of scientific literature by experts in the field. It presents views of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants and pathogenesis, and it proposes renewed strategies of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapies.Features Provides an in-depth analysis to illustrate the impact of traditional and herbal medicines on crucial protein targets responsible for the progress of SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms. Presents knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and variants. Explores strategies to manage COVID-19, post-COVID, and long-COVID by applying traditional herbal medicines. Illustrates molecular aspects of anti-coronavirus activity from traditional herbal medicines. Features information on molecular mechanisms of target proteins involving COVID-19 infection and symptoms. Traditional and Herbal Medicines for COVID-19 serves as an ideal reference for researchers and experts in the fields of virology, epidemiology, drug discovery, and traditional herbal medicine. This book aligns with supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 by the United Nations to establish “Good Health and Well-Being.”

Die Bedeutung von Health Technology Assessment (HTA) als Grundlage für evidenzbasierte Entscheidungen im Gesundheitswesen hat in den letzten Jahren noch einmal zugenommen. Bei allen Entscheidungen über die Erstattungsfähigkeit von medizinischen Technologien sind hochwertige HTA-Berichte unverzichtbar. Die Neuauflage berücksichtigt alle Reformprozesse, die die HTA-Landschaft in den deutschsprachigen Ländern und in der EU weiterentwickelt haben. Das Buch eignet sich gleichermaßen als systematische Einführung wie auch als Nachschlagewerk für spezielle Aspekte: Autorinnen und Autoren von HTA-Berichten und auch ihre Nutzerinnen und Nutzer erhalten einen grundlegenden Überblick zu den Prinzipien von HTA. Dabei stammen die Inhalte aus erster Hand und sind durchweg fundiert. Das Werk stellt die institutionellen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen im Gesundheitswesen dar, beschreibt die Analyse des Status von Technologien, setzt sich mit Informations- und Wissensmanagement auseinander und bietet eine ausführliche methodische Einführung in die Bewertung von Sicherheit, Wirksamkeit, Wirtschaftlichkeit sowie von ethischen, soziokulturellen, organisatorischen und rechtlichen Aspekten von medizinischen Technologien. So bietet das Werk durch fundierte Inhalte eine praktische Hilfe für den Alltag.

Racial and ethnic inequities in health and health care impact individual well-being, contribute to millions of premature deaths, and cost the United States hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Addressing these inequities is vital to improving the health of the nation's most disadvantaged communities—and will also help to achieve optimal health for all. In 2003, the Institute of Medicine examined these inequities in Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Because disparities persist, the National Academies convened an expert committee with support from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Institutes of Health. The committee's report reviews the major drivers of health care disparities, provides insight into successful and unsuccessful interventions, identifies gaps in the evidence base, and makes recommendations to advance health equity.

Die Pandemie hat Deutschland fest im Griff, und es deutet sich auch nach Aussagen der WHO an, dass Covid-19 als eigenständiges Krankheitsbild insbesondere auch mit Post-COVID-oder Long-COVID-Symptomen weiterhin existieren wird. Nach dem Motto „Das normale Leben ist jetzt“ müssen wir dies akzeptieren und Strategien nicht nur für die Behandlung im akuten Krankheitsverlauf, sondern auch weit darüber hinaus entwickeln. Die Herausgeber beschäftigen sich seit Beginn der Pandemie mit der Rehabilitation von Patienten nach COVID-19-Infektion. Es wurde schnell klar: Genesen heißt noch lange nicht gesund. Wie hoch die Dunkelziffer derer ist, die nach überstandener Infektion noch weiterhin Beschwerden haben und nicht arbeitsfähig sind, ist bislang absolut unklar. Mittlerweile steht fest, dass nicht nur zwischen Infizierten, Gestorbenen und Genesenen unterschieden werden darf. Vielmehr besteht die Notwendigkeit darin, die Gruppe der Genesenen weiter zu differenzieren und jeweils spezifischen Therapieansätzen zuordnen zu können. Dieses Buch soll einen Überblick über Krankheitsspektrum, Verlauf und Prognose der akuten Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-Infektion geben, aber auch das Post-COVID-Syndrom näher beleuchten, indem auf unterschiedliche Organbeteiligungen und –störungen eingegangen wird und therapeutische Konzepte und Optionen erläutert werden.

This book aids the practitioner in understanding the difference between spasticity and muscle stiffness, weighing old and new treatment options, and developing an appropriate treatment algorithm for a given patient. Spasticity is a common and disabling condition after neurologic injury such as stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy. Current treatments for spasticity may exacerbate other problems. Hence, there is a great need to develop a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of spasticity and muscle stiffness, its assessment, and the various treatment options available to obtain the best results to restore joint alignment, movement, and function. This book is organized into two sections: Part I of the book deals with the pathophysiology and assessment of spasticity and muscle stiffness, and Part II of the book explains the rationale, framework, considerations, and evidence for various treatments for both spasticity and muscle stiffness. This comprehensive approach will enable physiatrists, neurologists, internists, and physical and occupational therapists to achieve the best possible outcomes for their patients.

This compact book uniquely examines individual lived experience with spinal cord injury (SCI). It provides education and a clearer understanding of the many facets of a SCI -- medical, physical, psychological, cognitive, personal, and social -- in a single compact volume, so that readers learn the effect a SCI can have on a person. The contents also include resources for more specific exploration of information. SCI is a direct public health concern due to not only the cause of the injury itself, most often of violent origin, but also how the individuals perceive themselves after the injury and their participation in society, as well as how society welcomes them back. This compact book has four distinct chapters, each one addressing a different component of SCI with a set of resources to guide the individual with SCI, their family and their friends in the process. It first explores the physical as a means to providean understanding of what body changes occur. From there, it goes on to examine what is the subjective meaning and lived experience of disability for persons with SCI. The brief ends with an examination of what organizations and programs exist to promote independence and a sense of community for persons with SCI.The Physical, Personal, and Social Impact of Spinal Cord Injury: From the Loss of Identity to Achieving a Life Worth Living is a book with broad appeal. It is written in such a way that it serves as a useful and accessible resource for people who work with persons with SCI, students and instructors with an interest in the subject, as well as persons with SCI themselves and their families.

This book summarises the entire field of adult neuro-urology in a concise, well-illustrated, and practical style. Contents include epidemiology, lower urinary tract anatomy and physiology. This is followed by coverage of the pathophysiology of various types of voiding dysfunctions and a clinical section focusing on practical evaluation and treatment. A range of treatments from behavioral, pharmacological, intra vesical, tissue engineering and surgical are explained and reviewed. Other topics such as complications, sexual function, fertility, maternity aspects, and prognostic factors round off the book. •Each topic is covered in detail and well illustrated. •The reader will gain a full understanding of every aspect of adult neuro-urology. •Facilitates improved clinical knowledge and practice.Provides an essential and complete reference tool for students and established urologists, neurologists, physiotherapists and nurses, and technicians involved in the care of patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

This book delivers comprehensive explanations of normal hormonal physiology during pregnancy and descriptions of the hormonal pathology associated with various endocrine disease states. In addition, it serves as a relevant and synoptic resource for the clinical management of endocrine disorders in pregnancy and the prepartum and postpartum periods. Evaluation and management of endocrine disorders including, but not limited to, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, and various endocrine tumors are discussed. It provides readers with a detailed overview in a compact and easy-to-read format. This book serves as essential reading for Endocrinology fellows and Obstetrics and Gynecology residents.KEY FEATURES Explains normal physiology of pregnancy in addition to the physiology, evaluation, and management of endocrine diseases in pregnancy and in the prepartum and postpartum periods Explores from a clinical standpoint with practical applications; useful for students, residents, fellows, mid-level providers, and practicing physicians Discusses special considerations and emerging topics including pregnancy in transgender men, obesity and metabolism, and endocrine emergencies

This concise book provides practical strategies to help nephrologists and endocrinologists correctly diagnose and treat the various forms of parathyroid disease they may encounter in the management of chronic kidney disease. Each chapter deals with various topics related to parathyroid gland anatomy and physiology, as well as diagnostic tests and their particularities in regard to chronic disease. The book highlights the range of therapies used for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism, and critically analyses the latest research in the field. Providing an up-to-date review of the current literature, including innovations in both medical and surgical treatment and current indications for parathyroidectomy, this practice-oriented book is an excellent resource for nephrologists, endocrinologists, endocrine surgeons and family medicine physicians.

Inflammatory Cells and Mediators in Bronchial Asthma provides reviews and summaries regarding state-of-the-art articles that examine the role of various inflammatory cells and their mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma. Topics include pharmacological and biochemical regulation of the airways; involvement of key inflammatory cells and the release and effect of their mediators in airway function; and the characteristics of receptors for leukotriene B4, C4, and D4, adenosine, platelet-activating factor, sensory and inflammatory peptides, and the effect of various anti-asthmatic drugs on airway inflammation. Physicians, allergists, immunologists, and pulmonary disease research scientists will find this book to be an invaluable reference resource.

Paracrine and autocrine regulation of cardiac function by'endothelial'mediators is becoming important both physiologically and pathophysiologically. This volume brings the researcher completely up to date with all aspects of endothelial regulation and cardiac function. Acknowledged experts in each field have contributed, making this work indispensable for researchers and of great interest to the clinical cardiologist. The Endothelial Cell Research Series publishes significant reviews by experts in the field. The individual volumes provide invaluable guides to researchers studying endothelial cells and are effective reference texts for anyone working in the general areas of vascular biology and neurotransmission. Endothelium was originally considered to be an inert lining for the blood vessels, but during the last fifteen years, this view has had to be completely revised. It is now accepted that the endothelium plays an important role in many diverse functions. This volume concentrates on the effect of the endothelium on cardiac function. It has been widely demonstrated that the endothelium exerts a paracrine influence on contraction of adjacent cardiac muscle through the release of several mediators, such as endothelin and nitric oxide. Recent studies also show that the effects of such mediators upon the heart are not limited to contraction alone.

Fibrinolysis in Disease reviews the state of the art of basic and clinical aspects of the fibrinolytic enzyme system. The text, authored by outstanding and internationally known investigators, is presented in two books.The Malignant Process, Interventions in Thrombogenic Mechanisms, and Novel Treatment Modalities discusses the molecular biology of the system's key components and their fundamental roles in a variety of thrombotic and metabolic disorders. Molecular and Hemovascular Aspects of Fybrinolysis presents the latest findings and concepts of the association between plasminogen activator (u-PA) overexpression and abnormal growth regulation in a variety of solid tumors and in leukemia. One chapter deals with various successful interventions in thrombogenic mechanisms, ranging from exercise and diet to anticoagulants and direct and indirect thrombolytic agents. It concludes with a projection of exciting, novel treatment modalities in thrombotic and malignant diseases.

The sixth edition of The Kelalis-King-Belman Textbook of Clinical Pediatric Urology presents state-of-the-art knowledge and common-sense practice in all areas of clinical pediatric urology in a single, easily accessible volume. Clinical in orientation and practical in presentation, it covers every disorder and disease, diagnostic method, and appropriate treatment in pediatric urology from the embryo onwards. Widely acknowledged as the leading reference in the field, the book is essential reading for all practitioners who deal with urological disorders of childhood, whether trainees, residents or experienced specialists. The book begins with chapters on evaluating the patient and general principles of pediatric urology, including the use of advanced diagnostic imaging techniques and the increasing importance of minimally invasive surgical techniques. It then proceeds through the entire urinary tract from adrenal gland to external genitalia, discussing anatomy, normal and abnormal development, anomalies and diseases and their treatment.

Implantation is a complex phenomenon, still not thoroughly understood, involving the embryo and the endometrium. Successful implantation is considered to stem from an efficient combination of various embryo and/or maternal factors. Repeated failure of any of these factors or of their combination might decrease the chance of implantation and eventually lead to recurrent implantation failure. Despite technological advances, only about a quarter of In Vitro Fertilization procedures will result in live birth, leading many couples to experience multiple failures.This text from international experts explores the various factors at play and offers a helpful summary of the state of knowledge to help guide clinicians in their management of this complex and important problem.Contents: What is Recurrent Implantation Failure? • The psychosocial aspects of recurrent implantation failure • The role of life-style factors in RIF • Endocrine causes of recurrent implantation failure • Congenital uterine anomalies and recurrent implantation failure • Immunological causes of recurrent implantation failure • Acquired uterine conditions, reproductive surgery, and RIF? • Thrombophilia: diagnosis and management in women with recurrent implantation failure • Andrological causes of RIF • Diagnostic evaluation of RIF? (Modalities and algorithm) • Optimizing embryo culture for RIF? • Optimizing endometrial receptivity for patients with recurrent implantation failure: The role of progesterone on the day of triggering final oocyte maturation • Is there a role of follicular phase LH and E2 on the day of triggering final oocyte maturation for embryo implantation? • Manipulating the endometrium: Can RIF be managed by inducing endometrial inflammation or by the use of novel research therapies • The embryo in RIF: Genetic selection and strategies for improving its implantation potential • Is oocyte donation efficient in patients with RIF? • Sperm donation and RIF? • Optimizing embryo transfer technique for RIF management • Proposed management of patients with recurrent implantation failure and directions for future research • When should patients abandon treatment?

Advancements in medical and healthcare technologies pave the way to improving treatments and diagnoses while also streamlining processes to ensure the highest quality care is given to patients. In the last few decades, revolutionary technology has radically progressed the healthcare industry by increasing life expectancy and reducing human error. Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Medicine and Healthcare provides emerging research on bioinformatics, medical ethics, and clinical science in modern applications and settings. While highlighting the challenges medical practitioners and healthcare professionals face when treating patients and striving to optimize their processes, the book shows how revolutionary technologies and methods are vastly improving how healthcare is implemented globally. This book is an important resource for medical researchers, healthcare administrators, doctors, nurses, biomedical engineers, and students looking for comprehensive research on the advancements in healthcare technologies.

The fourth edition of this text constitutes a continuation of 20 years of coverage of traumatic brain injury, and broadens the discussion of acquired brain injury. Within TBI, the paradigm shift from an injury occurring at a point in time to a disease entity of a chronic nature is changing the discussion of diagnosis, management, treatment and outcome assessment. Disease specification that differentiates TBIs by the mechanism of injury, the exact nature of the injury, the extent of injury, presence of co-morbidities and their exact nature, gender, age, race, and genome are emerging as crucial. Disease differentiation has impacted diagnosis, treatment and outcome.

This new edition of an acclaimed text reviews the evidence for best practice in maternal-fetal medicine, to present the reader with the right information, with appropriate use of proven interventions and avoidance of ineffectual or harmful ones, and by rating the evidence of the key references. The information is presented in the right format by summarizing evidence succinctly and clearly in tables and algorithms. The aim is to inform the clinician, to reduce errors and'to make it easy to do it right.'The volume can be purchased separately or together with a companion volume on Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines (set ISBN 978 1 4987 4742 4).

Injuries cause more than half of all childhood deaths and a large proportion of pediatric trauma care is provided by non-pediatric specialists. This book provides an update of current practice, backed by evidence-based recommendations, in four sections: 1) Trauma systems for children, including epidemiology, organization of pediatric trauma care, disaster planning and systems for mass pediatric casualties and community injury prevention programs. 2) General principles of resuscitation and supportive care. 3) Specific injuries commonly seen in children, including from child abuse. 4) Rehabilitation, communication, long-term outcomes and performance improvement methods to monitor outcomes.

Dans cet ouvrage, destiné aux praticiens soucieux d'optimiser la santé de leurs patients seniors, les auteurs proposent une approche logique basée sur l'anatomie et la physiologie, débouchant sur le traitement de ces patients selon les principes ostéopathiques. Avec plus de 70 ans d'expérience clinique à eux deux, les auteurs exposent ainsi les modalités pratiques du diagnostic et du traitement de la dysfonction somatique présente dans de nombreux troubles : dysfonctions musculosquelettiques, posturales, cardiovasculaires, respiratoires, gastro-intestinales, urogénitales, autonomiques, auditives et visuelles. Ils proposent aussi des instructions pour favoriser la participation du patient, sa capacité à se prendre en charge, ce qui participe au processus d'autoguérison, principe fondamental en médecine ostéopathique. Agrémenté de quelque 250 illustrations et photographies, ce livre sera pour l'ostéopathe un outil agréable à consulter et indispensable à sa pratique.

The editors of this comprehensive third edition of the Textbook of the Neurogenic Bladder have assembled an impressive team of world specialists to develop an essential resource for physicians, continence specialists, and other health care professionals involved in the diagnosis and management of patients who have lost normal bladder function.The b

Als im Jahre 1946 die Neuauflage des Abschnittes Neurologie im Handbuch der inneren Medizin geplant wurde, war es klar, daß einmal eine erhebliche Vergrößerung des Umfanges und zweitens eine andere Gliederung des Stoffes notwendig sein würde. Es sollte dabei die große Tradition der älteren, anatomisch orientierten Neurologie gewahrt, aber auch die Entwicklung der neurophysio­ logischen Arbeitsrichtung eingehend berücksichtigt werden. Bei der Anlage des Abschnittes Neurologie haben die Herausgeber sich von führenden Fachleuten beraten lassen. Besonderen Dank schulden sie Herrn Professor BERINGER, der leider das Erscheinen des Werkes, an dessen Entwicklung er so wesentlich mitgeholfen hat, nicht mehr erlebt hat. Neben Professor BERINGE& hat Herr Professor JUNG, Freiburg, die Planung stärkstens gefördert. Es war daher im Interesse der Sache, daß Herr Professor JuNG sich nach BERINGERB Tod 1949 bereit erklärte, die Redaktion dieser 3 Teilbände zu übernehmen. Der Abschnitt Neurologie im Handbuch der inneren Medizin soll nicht nur dem Internisten die Orientierung auf diesem Gebiet ermöglichen, das sich immer mehr zu einem eigenen Spezialfach entwickelt hat, sondern auch dem Neurologen als moderne Ergänzung des großen Handbuches der Neurologie dienen; Bei derartigen Werken sind immer verschiedene Stoffeinteilungen möglich, die jeweils ihre Vorzüge und Nachteile haben. Die bewährte lokalisatorische Einteilung der vorigen Auflage wurde beibehalten, obwohl sie mit Schwierig­ keiten verbunden ist. Bei der großenZahl der Bearbeiter waren Lücken und Über­ schneidungen nicht ganz zu vermeiden. Manche Krankheitsbilder mußten auch in verschiedenen Kapiteln erwähnt werden, wodurch wiederum eine Darstellung von verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten aus möglich wurde.

t Heinz Red! and Gunther Sch!ag Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria The word'sepsis'derives from the Greek meaning decay or rottenness. Tradition­ ally this term has been used to describe the process of infection accompanied by the host's systemic inflammatory response. Based on that understanding, previous clin­ ical studies have been designed to include only patients with positive blood cultures [1, 2]. However, the frequent occurrence of a septic response without the demon­ stration of microorganisms in the circulation has led to a new definition and under­ standing of sepsis, mainly as the systemic response of the host to an often unde­ tectable microbiological or non-microbiological process [3]. The general consensus is that cytokines are central to the inflammatory response, particularly in sepsis. It is now known that not only Gram-negative but also Gram­ positive, viral, and fungal infections initiate the complex cascades of cytokine release. Probably the most important aspect of bacterial action is the release of toxic bacterial products. In particular endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria (see chap­ ter by Schade) and super antigens (see chapter by Neumann and Holzmann), as well as pore-forming toxins [4] from Gram-positive bacteria, induce cytokine formation. The importance of this cytokine release is evident from both diagnostic and thera­ peutic (mostly experimental) studies, and the action of cytokines may be the key to our understanding of the pathophysiology of the sepsis syndrome.

Die angespannte finanzielle Situation im Gesundheitswesen führt dazu, daß neben medizinischen auch verstärkt ökonomische Sachverhalte in der gesundheitspolitischen Diskussion eine Rolle spielen. Gesundheitsökonomische Evaluationen dienen dazu, die Kosten und den Nutzen verschiedener medizinischer Maßnahmen in Relation zueinander zu setzen. In diesem Buch werden sowohl die methodischen Grundlagen dieser Evaluationen als auch sehr umfassend die Möglichkeiten der Berücksichtigung von Lebensqualitätseffekten in den Studien dargestellt. Es gibt auch Nicht-Ökonomen einen kompletten und einheitlichen Überblick über das Themengebiet. Experten werden über den Stand der Forschung informiert. Das Buch ist sehr praxisorientiert und ermöglicht die Durchführung einer Evaluationsstudie auf dem Stand der Wissenschaft.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

La cœlioscopie est une technique en constante évolution qui, comparée à la chirurgie conventionnelle (dite « ouverte »), est moins invasive et moins traumatisante et permet de diminuer l'analgésie postopératoire tout en favorisant une reprise d'activité plus précoce pour la patiente. Cet ouvrage décrit toutes les interventions chirurgicales en gynécologie-obstétrique, aussi bien diagnostiques que thérapeutiques, qui peuvent être réalisées sous chirurgie cœlioscopique. Après des développements consacrés à l'installation de la patiente, à la mise en place de la cœlioscopie et à l'environnement opératoire, l'ouvrage aborde les spécificités de l'anatomie du pelvis. Les différents actes pratiqués actuellement en chirurgie cœlioscopique sont expliqués et détaillés : stérilité tubo-péritonéale, grossesse extra-utérine, infections génitales hautes, kystes de l'annexe, torsions d'annexes, endométriose, hystérectomie, myomectomie, prolapsus et incontinence urinaire Cette 2e édition, entièrement revue et mise à jour, introduit un nouveau chapitre consacré à la cœlioscopie et la grossesse, le chapitre sur l'endométriose est scindé en deux pour mieux aborder le problème des nodules de la cloison rectovaginale. Plus de 500 illustrations en couleurs guident pas à pas le chirurgien dans sa lecture et des compléments vidéos en ligne lui permettront de visualiser les bons gestes. Ce manuel pratique, fruit du travail d'une équipe impliquée depuis plus de 35 ans dans l'endoscopie gynécologique, s'adresse à tous les chirurgiens gynécologues et urologues, ainsi qu'aux internes et assistants de ces spécialités, souhaitant connaître les principales techniques disponibles pour le traitement cœlioscopique des pathologies les plus fréquentes.Ce manuel pratique présente les principales opérations gynécologiques réalisables sous cœlioscopie au moyen de plus de 480 dessins et photos en couleur.

This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (Concepts in Biochemical Pharmacology) will show that pharma­ cology has finally arrived as a true discipline in its own right, and is no longer the handmaiden of organic chemistry and physiology. Instead it is an amalgam of all the biological sciences including biochemistry, biophysical chemistry, physiology, pathology and clinical medicine. In the volumes that make up Concepts in Bioche­ mical Pharmacology we hope to convince Medical Schools what should now be obvious, that pharmacology is no longer that dull topic bridging the basic sciences with medicine, but is probably the most important subject in the medical curriculum. We are grateful for the advice of Dr. BYRON CLARKE, Director of the Pharmacology-Toxicology Program at the National Insti­ tutes of Health, whose support made possible much of the work described in this volume. Contents Section One: Routes of Drug Administration Chapter 1: Biological Membranes and Their Passage by Drugs. C. A. M. HOGBEN 1 References.......................... 8 Chapter 2: Absorption of Drugs from the Gastrointestinal Tract. L. S. SCHANKER. With 5 Figures. 9 I. Introduction....................... 9 II. Methods of Study..................... 9 III. Absorption from the Stomach............... 11 IV. Intestinal Absorption of Non-Electrolytes and Weak Electrolytes 15 V. Absorption of Weak Electrolytes from the Colon and Rectum 18 VI. Intestinal Absorption of Organic Ions.......... 19 VII. Intestinal Absorption of Macromolecules.......... 19 VIII. Active Transport across the Intestinal Epithelium..... 20 IX. Effect of EDTA on Drug Absorption from the Intestine.......

With contributions by numerous experts

nebst Anmerkungen zum Uhland - Kerner- Kreis und zur Medizin- und Geistesgeschichte im Zeitalter der Romantik

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Literally thousands of papers have been published on nitric oxide over the past ten years. But there is no single monograph available that has previously attempted to summarize the important features of the roles of nitric oxide in inflammation. The voluminous literature regarding the incredible range of chemical and biological effects of nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen oxide species, RNOS, may present a tangle of confusing information to the researcher. This volume brings together experts from nitric oxide and inflammation research and presents a concise up-to-date overview as well as future aspects of this rapidly growing field.

This volume addresses the general problem of drug addiction from several points of view, which are in some ways quite unique and different from other areas of pharmacology. Drug addiction is closely associated with criminal behavior. One of the great and noble edifices of civilization is the philosophic and ethical view that man is perfectible, and some believe that this can be achieved by providing the appropriate circumstance or environment in which man can mature and be educated. Some have postulated that drug abuse is a consequence of an inadequate or pathologic set of socializing experiences or is a consequence of basic conflicts between the values and accepted patterns of behavior of a subculture and that of a larger culture. The degree to which man is malleable and perfectible by social forces is not known nor do we know the true desirability of socializing individuals to the extent that their behavior does not deviate from social norms. Some deviancy is essential for innovation and creativity, and at times there may be difficulties in determining whether an innovator or creator is exhibiting sociopathic behavior or not. This aspect of drug addiction is inherently a matter of social values and ethics.

In the preface to Part I of this volume, which appeared in 1966, we stated:'... we had to leave the Antihistaminics for another volume of unpredictable dimensions. In 1924, eight pages inserted in a Chapter on Mutterkorn by Arthur R.Cushing were considered enough, in Vol. II, Part II, pp. 1319-1326 of the Hand­ buch. Now 922 pages did not suffice to cover all aspects of the subject... the subject has been expanded in so many directions, that the anti histaminic part had to be excluded from the present volume. Possibly, another thousand pages will be necessary to cover what remains of the subject.'• This prediction was fulfilled, and the subject of histamine has grown to such an extent that dealing with the antihistaminics only in Part II would be quite inadequate. It is imperative to include the large number of recent findings on the subject of histamine, namely the splitting of its pharmacologic receptors, and the great variety of new contributions on,its participation in physiopathologic phenomena, metabolism and interaction with newly found mediators.

Here is a thoughtful new book for professionals who assist persons afflicted with neuromuscular disorders to help them and their families adapt to lifestyle changes accompanying the onset of these disorders. Health care professionals provide strategies to maintain the psychosocial well-being of children and adults with neuromuscular disorders which, in addition to physical damage, also assault the sense of self and challenge the individual's ability to move and communicate. Chapters describe the psychosocial aspects of a variety of neuromuscular diseases such as Duchenne and myotonic muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedeich's ataxia, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The distinctive characteristics of each disease are examined with special attention given to the natural history, treatment, management, and psychosocial issues of the specific disorder. Beyond the clinical and research importance of Muscular Dystrophy and Other Neuromuscular Diseases, it also addresses the anxiety, doubts, and questions felt by patients with chronic progressive disabilities and their families. This helpful guide is unique in the way it features the interaction of professionals in the social services, psychology, religion, and various medical specialties in the care and treatment of these patients. Professionals in all of these disciplines, as well as the patients and families afflicted by these disorders, will benefit from this valuable resource.

Zur Biologie und Pathologie der Zelle wurde im Handbuch der Allgemeinen Pathologie 1955 ein erster Band mit dem Thema'Das Cytoplasma'veroffent­ licht. Die Beitrage dieses Bandes waren im wesentlichen Ende 1953 abgeschlossen. So haben sie noch einmal alles das an Ergebnissen und Fragestellungen in ihrer Darstellung und der herangezogenen Literatur gesammelt, was die klassische Orthologie und Pathologie der Zelle in der Epoche der Lichtmikroskopie erarbeitet hatte. Sie haben damit die GroBe dieser Epoche in einem geschichtlichen Wende­ punkt der Zellforschung eindrucksvoll bezeugt. Die Absicht der Herausgeber dieses Handbuches, dem ersten Teilband iiber die Biologie und Pathologie der Zelle alsbald weitere Bande folgen zu lassen, erwies sich allerdings als unerfiillbar. Die Biochemie stand in der Phase, in der sich die Methoden der Isolierung von Zellorganellen aus Gewebshomogenaten mehr und mehr durchsetzten und verfeinerten, und in der sich Zug um Zug die Frage nach den diesen Organellen zugeordneten Stoffen und Prozessen stellte und loste.

Die Anzahl der Allergiekranken in Deutschland wird auf 30 Millionen geschätzt. Ihre ärztliche Versorgung erfordert sehr große Erfahrung. Grundlegend ist die korrekte Diagnose. Entsprechend der Vielfalt allergischer Krankheitsbilder sind die diagnostischen Methoden vielfältig und differenziert einzusetzen. Qualifizierte Spezialisten aus allen allergologisch tätigen Fachgebieten stellen in diesem Buch das gesamte Spektrum der Diagnostik dar.

Myocardial ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium represent complex phenomena encompassing numerous physiological processes. This book aims at enhancing our understanding of these processes and stresses recent important developments in this very active area of research. The concise, state-of-the-art reviews cover recent advances in many fields important to the area of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion including physiology, pathology, pharmacology, biochemistry and molecular biology with reference to clinical relevance and applicability of these findings. Major areas which are highlighted include vascular mechanisms resulting in myocardial ischemia, cellular events in the ischemic, postinfarcted and reperfused myocardium as well as new exciting developments in cardiac protection that involve both novel pharmacological approaches as well as endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms such as preconditioning. Aimed at both the basic and clinical cardiovascular investigator, the book comprehensively reviews the rapid progress made in recent years in understanding the etiology of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. It will further serve as an authoritative reference for all those interested in learning about the important developments in the treatment of myocardial ischemic and reperfusion disorders.

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. The high metabolism and oxygen demand of the cardiac myocardium depends on both a high blood flow and a rich capillary density. For this reason, the growth of the coronary vasculature is vital, not only in early development, but also in the adult faced with various stresses. Novel technologies have enabled the discovery of the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth and assembly coronary vessels, and this volume covers the hierarchy of the coronary vasculature from its embryonic origins through its postnatal growth, adulthood, and senescence. Chapters address normal coronary development, coronary anomalies and their possible underlying developmental errors, coronary vessel adaptations to exercise training, aging, hypoxia, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac hypertrophy.This comprehensive overview of current research in coronary vessels and myocardial perfusion was written by Dr. Robert J. Tomanek, Emeritus Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Iowa. The book reviews, discusses, and integrates findings from various areas of coronary vasculature research, and as a result, will be a valuable reference source for cardiovascular scientists and physicians for many years to come.

Disopyramid erwies sich bei unseren Untersuchungen als effektives, evtl. dramatisch wirkendes Antiarrhythmikum bei ventrikulärer Extrasystolie. In 30% unserer Fälle blieb es jedoch wirkungslos, ohne daß dies mit dem Blutspiegel zu erklären wäre. Bei supraventrikulärer Extrasystolie zeigte sich keine Wirkung. Der Einfluß auf die Schrittmacherreizschwelle bei Patienten mit Herzschritt­ macher lag bei Anwendung therapeutischer Dosen im Rahmen dessen, was auch bei anderen Antiarrhythmika beobachtet wird (Chinidin, Ajmalin, Prokainamid). Tabelle 1. Zahl der VES pro 1000 Herzaktionen vor und nach Gabe von Disopyramid Vor Nach% 1 180 25 86 2 16 0 -100 3 320 150 - 53 4 400 10 - 98 5 450 100 - 78 6 0 150 -100 7 250 40 84 8 300 10 96 9 200 40 80 10 350 20 94 11 250 10 96 12 300 50 83 13 0 -100 300 14 300 50 83 15 650 650 0 16 450 430 4 17 250 200 20 18 220 220 0 Tabelle 2. Serumkonzentration von Disopyramid (mg/1) Fall 2 Std nach oraler Einnahme von 200 mg (mg/ml) 1 1,4 2 2,6 3 1,2 4 1,6 5 2,2 6 2,4 7 1,0 8 1,6 1,6 9 10 1,8 Daher kann Disopyramid auch bedenkenlos bei Herzschrittmacherpatienten ein­ gesetzt werden. Das Ausmaß der antiarrhythmischen Wirkung in unserer Unter­ suchung (Rückgang der VES um 67%) entspricht etwa den Angaben anderer Untersucher [1-8]. Nebenwirkungen waren selten und harmlos. Jedoch sollte Disopyramid bei schwerer Herzinsuffizienz nicht angewendet werden.