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This book provides a thorough examination of the correlation between nutrition and stroke. It delves into the interplay between nutrition and brain functions, neurogenesis, and cognitive functions. Additionally, it investigates how various types of nutrition relate to stroke. Moreover, it discusses recent progress in recognizing the significant therapeutic role of different nutrients in addressing stroke. Finally, it offers an overview of nutrients as neuroprotective agents and outlines the fundamental principles of nutrigenomics.

Voor de verbetering van de preventieve en curatieve gezondheidszorg, in zowel de medische als de paramedische sector, is epidemiologisch onderzoek van wezenlijk belang. Een goede opzet en uitvoering van het onderzoek is daarbij essentieel en het interpreteren van de resultaten dient zorgvuldig te gebeuren.Het Leerboek epidemiologie biedt een leidraad voor de uitvoering en interpretatie van toegepast wetenschappelijk gezondheidsonderzoek. Epidemiologie wordt in dit boek vooral opgevat als de methodeleer van onderzoek naar gezondheid en ziekte in menselijke populaties. Het boek weerspiegelt de veelzijdigheid van het vakgebied en behandelt zowel etiologie, diagnostiek, prognostiek en interventie. De nadruk ligt op het opzetten van onderzoek en op het interpreteren van de resultaten ervan. Dat Leerboek epidemiologie al jarenlang voorziet in een behoefte, blijkt uit het feit dat inmiddels alweer de achtste druk voor u ligt. Voor deze druk zijnin de online leeromgeving kennisvragen opgenomen. Het boek is ook in het Engels verschenen, met de titel Textbook of Epidemiology.Het Leerboek epidemiologie is primair bedoeld als leerboek voor studenten aan universitaire opleidingen (zoals geneeskunde, biomedische wetenschappen, gezondheidswetenschappen, bewegingswetenschappen) en hbo-opleidingen (zoals fysiotherapie, diëtetiek en andere paramedische beroepen). Daarnaast is dit boek geschikt voor individuele bestudering en als naslagwerk.

Dieses Buch ist eine kompakte klinische Einführung in die Lyme-Borreliose für Ärzte aller Fachrichtungen, die Patienten mit Verdacht auf B. burgdorferi-Infektion betreuen, sei es im Krankenhaus oder in der Allgemeinpraxis. Das Buch bietet viele praxisorientierte Informationen zu Symptomatik, Diagnose, Behandlung und Prophylaxe mit besonderem Schwerpunkt auf der Situation in Europa. Gleichzeitig beschreibt es den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstand so detailliert, wie es für das Verständnis der pathogenetischen Zusammenhänge und deren Relevanz für die medizinische Versorgung erforderlich ist. Die Autoren sind Mitglieder einer interdisziplinären Expertengruppe von Epidemiologen, Biologen, Mikrobiologen und Klinikern, die seit vielen Jahren auf dem Gebiet der zeckenübertragenen Krankheiten tätig sind. Die persönliche Erfahrung jedes einzelnen Autors, die er durch die tägliche Arbeit mit Patienten in Spezialkliniken oder durch die Konfrontation mit komplizierten Fragen der Grundlagenforschung, Epidemiologie und Labordiagnostik der Lyme-Borreliose gesammelt hat, stellt eine wichtige Stütze des Buches dar. Aus dem Blickwinkel des klinischen Managements und der praktischen Problemlösung geschrieben, wird diese aktuelle Monographie den Kliniker bei der Bewältigung diagnostischer Herausforderungen und der angemessenen medizinischen Versorgung von Patienten mit Lyme-Borreliose unterstützen.

In diesem Buch erläutern Experten praxisnah die wichtigsten Fakten zu Diagnostik und Therapie von Infektionen mit multiresistenten Erregern wie MRSA, VRE, MRGN und MDR-TB. Sie zeigen auf, welche diagnostischen Verfahren sinnvoll sind und welche Antibiotika bei welchen Infektionen greifen. Die Autoren beschreiben, durch welche Hygienemaßnahmen und Präventionskonzepte des Antiotika-Stewardship, sich Infektionen und Resistenzen vermeiden lassen. Auch auf die psychologischen Aspekte im Umgang mit Patienten, Angehörigen, medizinischem Personal und der Öffentlichkeit bei Infektionen durch MRE gehen die Autoren ein. Das Werk wendet sich an alle Ärzte in allen Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens, die Patienten mit Infektionen durch multiresistente Erreger betreuen. Die 3. Auflage erscheint komplett aktualisiert und fasst nun auch die therapeutischen Aspekte in einem Werk zusammen.

This straightforward primer in basic statistics and epidemiology emphasises their practical use in healthcare and public health, providing understanding of essential topics such as study design, data analysis and statistical methods used in the execution of medical research. Assuming no prior knowledge, the clarity of the text and care of presentation ensure those new to, or challenged by, these topics are given a thorough introduction without being overwhelmed by unnecessary detail. Key features: Provides an excellent grounding in the basics of both statistics and epidemiology Full step-by-step guidance on performing statistical calculations Numerous examples and exercises with detailed answers to help readers navigate these complex subjects with ease and confidence Enables students and practitioners to make sense of the many research studies that underpin evidence-based practice Fully revised and updated for this fifth edition, now with additional exercises and question and answers online for self-testing An understanding and appreciation of statistics is central to ensuring that professional practice is based on the best available evidence, in order to best treat and help the wider community. Reading this book will help students, researchers, doctors, nurses, and health managers to understand and apply the tools of statistics and epidemiology to their own practice.

This book discusses the impacts that weather and climate have on human physical health, longevity, and mental wellness, and acts as a guide to the application of meteorological science in health care. It provides a background on biometeorology by covering basic concepts of human anatomy and meteorology, and how modern biometeorological science can be incorporated into medical practice through diagnosis, prevention and treatment of physical and mental diseases. The recommendations, advice and preventive measures addressed in this book aim to help people adapt to different weather phenomena and changes to minimize negative health consequences, which is increasingly relevant as climate change and its effects on human health become more pronounced and studied. The book is intended for environmental epidemiologists, medical students, physicians, health care providers, climate scientists, insurance industries and policy makers, but will also appeal to general enthusiasts of atmospheric, climate and medical sciences.

This book deals with the advantages of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the fight against the COVID-19 and against future pandemics that could threat humanity and our environment. This book is a practical, scientific and clinically relevant example of how medicine and mathematics will fuse in the 2020s, out of external pandemic pressure and out of scientific evolutionary necessity. This book contains a unique blend of the world's leading researchers, both in medicine, mathematics, computer science, clinical and preclinical medicine, and presents the research front of the usage of AI against pandemics. Equipped with this book the reader will learn about the latest AI advances against COVID-19, and how mathematics and algorithms can aid in preventing its spreading course, treatments, diagnostics, vaccines, clinical management and future evolution.

This book provides a complete and current overview of the correlation between ocean conditions and human health, publishing comprehensively for the first time on the direct interactions among oceanography, marine biology and impacts on human health. Specifically the text addresses how changing ocean conditions result in health impacts and disruptions, with a focus on cases in the USA. ­ The changing ocean conditions that are discussed include diminishing marine biodiversity, climactic changes such as intensified weather events, shifting sea currents and increasing sea temperature. The book addresses the resulting health issues brought about by these various ocean conditions, such as emerging infectious diseases, starvation and poisoning among impacted communities, toxic algae blooms, threatened ecosystems, and other future implications. ­ The text was developed in conjunction with scientists from Brown University, the University of Rhode Island, the University of Texas at Austin,the University of California at Riverside and Ochsner Health, all located in areas deeply impacted by the changing Oceans. ­ The book will be of interest to marine research scientists, health care professionals, students, and general enthusiasts of oceanography and health.

La epidemiología puede ser vista como una ciencia que se orienta principalmente a la solución práctica de los problemas de la salud de los pacientes y de las poblaciones. Puede ser considerada como una ciencia necesaria para la medicina y áreas afines, pero también es fundamental, por su naturaleza de aplicar un método a los problemas de la salud, en el cultivo del espíritu científico con que deben trabajar los profesionales de la salud cuando toman decisiones que tendrán un impacto en los pacientes, los servicios de salud o la salud pública. Esta ciencia contribuye a formar una actitud vital por estar en permanente y cuestionadora actualización de los problemas que surgen cotidianamente en el contacto con los pacientes y con las poblaciones humanas. El libro Fundamentos de Epidemiología de Richard Shoemaker y Mario Delgado Noguera se puede considerar como una orientación inicial para que el lector se introduzca en las raíces filosóficas de la epidemiología para luego describir los principios metodológicos de los principales diseños que se emplean. Con ejemplos de la literatura médica que ya se pueden considerar clásicos, muestra cómo la epidemiología ha enfrentado y tratado de resolver dilemas cuando aplica el conocimiento científico a los determinantes del continuum salud-enfermedad en poblaciones humanas y en escenarios clínicos y de medicina preventiva.

Epidemiological research is an important tool for the improvement of preventive and curative healthcare. A valid study design, unbiased study conduct and proper interpretation of study results are essential, as these provide the foundation for evidence-based medicine. This book provides guidance on how to design, conduct and interpret human population-based medical research. It reflects the diversity in the field and will therefore discuss the methodology of etiological, diagnostic, prognostic and intervention research. This textbook is written for bachelor's and master's degree students receiving training in the biomedical sciences and for practitioners in the medical and allied professions. It will also serve as a reference manual for those with basic or advanced experience of epidemiology.Commissioned by the European Epidemiology Federation.

This volume, focusing on low back pain, is part of a survey of health care needs for specific conditions, published on behalf of the Department of Health. This study overall considers questions such as the population's needs, the services available or unavailable to them, the effectiveness of these services, and other perspectives in disease and service areas. This is the second series of needs assessment reviews.

This volume, focusing on gynaecology, is part of a survey of health care needs for specific conditions, published on behalf of the Department of Health. This study overall considers questions such as the population's needs, the services available or unavailable to them, the effectiveness of these services, and other perspectives in disease and service areas. This is the second series of needs assessment reviews.

From 1962 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Mixtures of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), picloram, and cacodylic acid made up the bulk of the herbicides sprayed. The main chemical mixture sprayed was Agent Orange, a 50:50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. At the time of the spraying, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic form of dioxin, was an unintended contaminant generated during the production of 2,4,5-T and so was present in Agent Orange and some other formulations sprayed in Vietnam. Because of complaints from returning Vietnam veterans about their own health and that of their children combined with emerging toxicologic evidence of adverse effects of phenoxy herbicides and TCDD, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to perform a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange, other herbicides used in Vietnam, and the various components of those herbicides, including TCDD. Updated evaluations were conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 11 (2018) examines peer-reviewed scientific reports concerning associations between various health outcomes and exposure to TCDD and other chemicals in the herbicides used in Vietnam that were published between September 30, 2014, and December 31, 2017, and integrates this information with the previously established evidence database.

Highly practical yet authoritative, the new edition of Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology has been thoroughly updated and revised in line with changing health concerns. This successful book continues to outline the tools available to the infectious disease student or clinician seeking a thorough background in the epidemiology of infectious and communicable diseases. Building on many case studies and practical scenarios included, the book then uses the tools learnt to illustrate the fundamental concepts of the study of infectious diseases, such as infection spread, surveillance and control, infectivity, incubation periods, seroepidemiology, and immunity in populations. New edition of this popular book, completely revised and updated Retains the clarity and down-to-earth approach praised in previous editions Successfully combines epidemiological theory with the principles of infectious disease treatment and control A highly experienced author brings a personal and unique approach to this important subject All students of epidemiology, infectious disease medicine and microbiology will find this text invaluable, ensuring its continued popularity.

This book discusses globalization and its impact on human health. The population of the world grew from 1 billion in 1800 to 7 billion in 2012, and over the past 50 years the mean temperature has risen faster than ever before. Both factors continue to rise, as well as health inequalities. Our environment is changing rapidly, with tremendous consequences for our health. These changes produce complex and constantly varying interactions between the biosphere, economy, climate and human health, forcing us to approach future global health trends from a new perspective. Preventive actions to improve health, especially in low-income countries, are essential if our future is going to be a sustainable one. After a period of undeniable improvement in the health of the world's population, this improvement is likely to slow down and we will experience– at least locally – crises of the same magnitude as have been observed in financial markets since 2009. There is instability in health systems, which will worsen if preventive and buffering mechanisms do not take on a central role. We cannot exclude the possibility that the allied forces of poverty, social inequalities, climate change, industrial food and lack of governance will lead to a deterioration in the health of large sectors of the population. In low-income countries, while many of the traditional causes of death (infectious diseases) are still highly prevalent, other threats typical of affluent societies (obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases) are increasing. Africa is not only affected by malaria, TB and HIV, but also by skyrocketing rates of cancer. The book argues that the current situation requires effective and coordinated multinational interventions guided by the principle of health as a common good. An entirely competition-driven economy cannot – by its very nature – address global challenges that require full international cooperation. A communal global leadership is called for.Paolo Vineis is Chair of Environmental Epidemiology at Imperial College. His current research activities focus on examining biomarkers of disease risk as well as studying the effects of climate change on non-communicable diseases.“From morality to molecules, environment to equity, climate change to cancer, and politics to pathology, this is a wonderful tour of global health – consistently presented in a clear, readable format. Really, an important contribution.”Professor Sir Michael Marmot Director, Institute of Health Equity University College London Author of “The Health Gap”“This book is a salutary and soundly argued reminder that the ‘common good'is not simply what remains after individuals and groups have appropriated the majority of societal resources: it is in fact the foundation on which any society rests and without which it collapses.” Rodolfo Saracci, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Smallpox, yellow fever, malaria, and polio, fearful diseases that once beset Americans, are now largely, just unhappy history. Yet from our confrontations with these past plagues come lessons that inform today's struggles to understand and remedy problems like HIV/AIDS, coronary heart disease, and Ebola infection. American Plagues weaves stories of encounters with epidemics over our history with lessons that aid our present understanding of health and disease. Doctors and clergy, writers and newsmen, public health institutions, and even an entire town relate their personal experiences with various outbreaks and the ways they were identified, contained, and treated. The stories are filled with ambition and accomplishment, jealousy and disappointment, public spirit and self-interest, egotism and modesty. Some episodes lead to vital discoveries. Others were unproductive. Yet each proved instructive and expanded our abilities to gather and process information in ways that improve medicine and public health today.American Plagues gives readers insights into some of the people and events that make up our rich public health history as well as skills to better grasp the complex health information that cascades upon us from the media.

Voor de verbetering van de preventieve en curatieve gezondheidszorg, in zowel de medische als de paramedische sector, is epidemiologisch onderzoek van wezenlijk belang. Een goede opzet en uitvoering van het onderzoek is daarbij essentieel en het interpreteren van de resultaten dient zorgvuldig te gebeuren.Het Leerboek Epidemiologie biedt een leidraad voor de uitvoering en interpretatie van toegepast medisch-wetenschappelijk onderzoek. Epidemiologie wordt in dit boek vooral gezien als de methodeleer van onderzoek naar gezondheid en ziekte in menselijke populaties. Het boek weerspiegelt de veelzijdigheid van het vakgebied en behandelt zowel etiologie, diagnostiek, prognostiek en interventie. De nadruk ligt op het opzetten van onderzoek en op het interpreteren van de resultaten ervan.Deze zevende druk is grondig herzien. Het taalgebruik is vereenvoudigd, er zijn meer illustraties toegevoegd en er is voor eenduidiger terminologie gekozen. Ook is de inhoud aangepast aan de laatste ontwikkelingen van het vakgebied.Het Leerboek Epidemiologie is primair bedoeld als leerboek voor studenten aan universitaire opleidingen (zoals geneeskunde, biomedische wetenschappen, gezondheidswetenschappen, bewegingswetenschappen) en hbo-opleidingen (zoals fysiotherapie, diëtetiek en andere paramedische beroepen). Daarnaast is dit boek geschikt voor individuele bestudering en als naslagwerk.

From 1962 to 1971, the US military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Mixtures of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), picloram, and cacodylic acid made up the bulk of the herbicides sprayed. The main chemical mixture sprayed was Agent Orange, a 50:50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. At the time of the spraying, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic form of dioxin, was an unintended contaminant generated during the production of 2,4,5-T and so was present in Agent Orange and some other formulations sprayed in Vietnam. Because of complaints from returning Vietnam veterans about their own health and that of their children combined with emerging toxicologic evidence of adverse effects of phenoxy herbicides and TCDD, the National Academy of Sciences was asked to perform a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange, other herbicides used in Vietnam, and the various components of those herbicides, including TCDD. Updated evaluations were conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2014 is a cumulative report of the series thus far.

Throughout the world, scientists and the general with environmental illness. Part II presents an over­ public are concerned about the adverse effects of view of chemical and physical agents commonly toxic agents found in contaminated air, water, food, found in contaminated air, water, food, and soil. and soil. In the past, attention has focused on haz­ The problem of hazardous wastes is also discussed. ards originating in the workplace. As a consequence, Part III characterizes the body's defense against occupational medicine has become a well-recognized such exposure. Defenses at the portals of entry are and established clinical discipline. Much less atten­ discussed, with emphasis placed on the role of tion has been paid to nonoccupational hazards. There nutrition. Detoxication and immunologic defense is a growing awareness, however, of the dangers of mechanisms are described. Part IV indicates the exposure to toxic chemical and physical agents in importance of and provides instruction on the the homes, community, and general environment, method of including occupational and environmen­ especially for the fetus, the infant, the very young, tal factors in the routine medical history. The role of the elderly, and the chronically ill, those most sus­ enhanced susceptibility as a factor in an individual's ceptible. Environmental medicine, fOCUSing on the response to toxic exposure is discussed.

As we move into the 21st century it is becoming increasingly difficult to offer appropriate introductory clinical experiences for medical students. Many schools offer clinical experiences in the first year of medical school, when the learner has little background in the traditions and origins of the doctor-patient interaction. Others begin this process in the second year, after a professional language base has been established, but concise educational materials are scarce that integrate the meaning of the privileged clinical encounter with the process and content of interviewing and examining patients. In the tertiary hospitals, where most medical schools are based, the educators must provide an orienta­ tion to the clinical encounter, an intensely personal experience, in the midst of glittering technological marvels that easily distract both the novice physician and the wizened teacher. Understanding the context and historical basis for the privilege of interviewing and examining another person about intimate matters relating to health and disease is essential to this process. Considering these factors, this textbook is written to assist medical educators and medical students involved in early clinical training. As the demand for'high-tech'medicine has accelerated, so has the public concern over the loss of'high-touch'or compassionate, humane interactions with physicians. Physicians are perceived as more concerned with readouts from machines and fiberoptic views of the patient than with understanding and car­ ing about the people we have labeled as patients.

This textbook presents epidemiology in a practical manner, contextualized with discussions of theory and ethics, so that students and professionals from all academic backgrounds may develop a deep appreciation for how to conduct and interpret epidemiological research. Readers will develop skills to: -Search for and appraise literature critically, -Develop important research questions, -Design and implement studies to address those questions, -Perform and interpret fundamental statistical estimations and tests, -Consider the ethical implications of all stages of research, -Report findings in publications, and -Advocate for change in the public health setting. Epidemiology is and will remain a discipline in motion, and this textbook aims at reflecting this dynamism and keeping pace with its momentum. This textbook is not only a classroom tool with high utility but also an essential reference and guide for those engaging in research involving human subjects.

The 18 research articles of this volume discuss the major themes that have emerged from mathematical and statistical research in the epidemiology of HIV. The opening paper reviews important recent contributions. Five sections follow: Statistical Methodology and Forecasting, Infectivity and the HIV, Heterogeneity and HIV Transmission Dynamics, Social Dynamics and AIDS, and The Immune System and The HIV. In each, leading experts in AIDS epidemiology present the recent results. Some address the role of variable infectivity, heterogeneous mixing, and long periods of infectiousness in the dynamics of HIV; others concentrate on parameter estimation and short-term forecasting. The last section looks at the interaction between the HIV and the immune system.

Injury is recognized as a major public health issue worldwide. In most countries, injury is the leading cause of death and disability for children and young adults age 1 to 39 years. Each year in the United States, injury claims about 170,000 lives and results in over 30 million emergency room visits and 2.5 million hospitalizations. Injury is medically defined as organ/tissue damages inflicted upon oneself or by an external agent either accidentally or deliberately. Injury encompasses the undesirable consequences of a wide array of events, such as motor vehicle crashes, poisoning, burns, falls, and drowning, medical error, adverse effects of drugs, suicide and homicide. The past two decades have witnessed a remarkable growth in injury research, both in scope and in depth. To address the tremendous health burden of injury morbidity and mortality at the global level, the World Health Organization in 2000 created the Department of Injury and Violence Prevention, which has produced several influential reports on violence, traffic injury, and childhood injury. The biennial World Conference on Injury Control and Safety Promotion attracts a large international audience and has been successfully convened nine times in different countries. In the United States, the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control became an independent program of the federal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control in 1997. Since then, each state health department has created an office in charge of injury prevention activities and over a dozen universities have established injury control research centers. This volume will fill an important gap in the scientific literature by providing a comprehensive and up-to-date reference resource to researchers, practitioners, and students working on different aspects of the injury problem and in different practice settings and academic fields.

The book is organized so as to address in separate sections first the preparatory topics of medicine (clinical and epidemiological), science in general, and statistics (mathematical); then topics of epidemiological research proper; and, finally, topics of ‘meta-epidemiological'clinical research. In those two main sections, a further grouping is based on the distraction between objects and methods of study. In this framework, the particular topics are addressed both descriptively and quasi-prescriptively, commonly with a number of explicatory annotations.This book is intended to serve as a handbook for whomever is, in whatever way, concerned with epidemiological or ‘meta-epidemiological'clinical research. But besides this, it is also intended to serve as a textbook for students in introductory courses on ‘epidemiological'research – to which end there is a suggested hierarchy of the concepts that might reasonably be covered.

For nearly thirty years, anthropologist and physician Paul Farmer has traveled to some of the most impoverished places on earth to bring comfort and the best possible medical care to the poorest of the poor. Driven by his stated intent to'make human rights substantial,'Farmer has treated patients—and worked to address the root causes of their disease—in Haiti, Boston, Peru, Rwanda, and elsewhere in the developing world. In 1987, with several colleagues, he founded Partners In Health to provide a preferential option for the poor in health care. Throughout his career, Farmer has written eloquently and extensively on these efforts. Partner to the Poor collects his writings from 1988 to 2009 on anthropology, epidemiology, health care for the global poor, and international public health policy, providing a broad overview of his work. It illuminates the depth and impact of Farmer's contributions and demonstrates how, over time, this unassuming and dedicated doctor has fundamentally changed the way we think about health, international aid, and social justice.A portion of the proceeds from the sale of this book will be donated to Partners In Health.

Perinatal Epidemiology synthesizes perinatal knowledge through the lens of public health practice. This comprehensive text uses a consistent, logical format to offer readers: (1) A spectrum of topics affecting maternal and infant health: reproductive health concerns, maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, and gestation and fetal growth. (2) Information on timely issues, including infertility, gestational diabetes, preterm delivery, postpartum depression, and SIDS. (3) Detailed discussions of current epidemiological trends, measures and measurement issues, data sources, and risk and protective factors for each condition covered. (4) In-depth consideration of public health interventions and their availability, strengths and limitations. (5) Emerging areas of interest and directions for research. (6) Text boxes, definitions of key terms, discussion questions, appendices, and other helpful features. Perinatal Epidemiology is a valuable, ready resource for public health professionals in maternal and child care, reproduction and fertility. Its accessibility and easy-use format make it an equally strong textbook for courses in these fields as well as for advanced medical and nursing students in OB/GYN and pediatrics.

This textbook was born from a disparate collection of written materials that were created to teach Epidemiology and Biostatistics to second year medical students at the University of Washington. These materials included handouts, practice problems, guides to reading research articles, quizzes, notes from student help sessions, and student emails. The primary goal of these written materials, and now this book, is to recreate the perspective of learning Epidemiology and Biostatistics for the first time. With critical editing assistance from Epidemiology faculty, graduate students in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the students themselves, I have tried to preserve the innate logic and connectedness of clinical research methods and to demonstrate their application. The textbook is designed to provide students with the tools necessary to form their own informed conclusions from the clinical research literature. More than ever, a clear understanding of the fundamental aspects of Epidemiology and Biostatistics is needed to successfully navigate the increasingly complex methods utilized by modern clinical research studies. This book could not have been created without the dedicated help of the e- tors, the teaching assistants, and the students, who asked the important questions. I would especially like to thank my family who patiently allowed me so much time to write.

Depressionen sind von wachsendem gesellschaftlichem Interesse. In den Industriestaaten werden sie zu einem der Hauptprobleme, sowohl wegen ihrer Verbreitung, ihrer individuellen und volkswirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen, als auch aufgrund einer in immer neuen Studien nachgewiesenen Unter- und Fehlversorgung. Politik und Gesundheitswesen sind aufgefordert, umfassende Strategien zur Verbesserung der Versorgung der bereits Betroffenen und zu Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung zu entwickeln. Dies verlangt auch die Analyse des sozioökonomischen und kulturellen Hintergrunds. Dieses Buch stellt hierfür das gegenwärtige epidemiologische, gesundheitsökonomische und gesellschaftliche Hintergrund- und Kontextwissen bereit. Es beschreibt die deutsche Versorgungsrealität, analysiert gesellschaftliche Hintergründe und beleuchtet den Zusammenhang depressiver Erkrankung mit Faktoren wie Geschlecht, Alter, Komorbidität und Arbeitslosigkeit. Mögliche Interventionen in Gesundheitsförderung, Prävention, Krankenversorgung und Rehabilitation werden vorgestellt, der ethische Kontext sowie vorhandene Chancen diskutiert. Das Buch richtet sich an Wissenschaftler und Praktiker aus Medizin, Public Health, Psychologie und Sozialwissenschaften, an politische Entscheidungsträger und nicht zuletzt den interessierten Bürger.

The number of people who live in Asia is greater than the total number of people who live in the rest of the world. More than 160 cities in Asia have a population of at least one million people. Thus, when new infectious diseases threaten popu- tions in Asia, huge segments of the global population are at risk. At the same time, Asians are thoroughly integrated with the rest of the world, providing skilled exp- tise and becoming trading partners in all continents. Infectious diseases ordinarily show no preference for infection or disease according to race or ethnic background. A few exceptions exist, due to the host– pathogen evolution that happened before the recent era of rapid travel. Such exc- tions occur usually because the infectious agent was newly introduced to one population only after having existed and evolved for hundreds or thousands of years in a different population. As air travel became popular in the last few generations of people, it became increasingly difficult for populations to remain in isolation. Thus, in 2003, SARS in China rapidly became SARS in Canada. Throughout history, a major source of new infections of people has been old infections of animals. For some, such as Ebola or Lassa, transmission to people is rare and self-limiting, though frighteningly lethal for the few unfortunate indivi- als who get infected. And Ebola and Lassa are indigenous for Africa, not Asia.

'Reflecting the interrelationship with diverse fields, topics range from health psychology to health economics, ethics, and biostatistics. Some articles desribe underlying biostatistical concepts-from measures of central tendency, to kappa, to the Pearson correlation coefficient. Others explain public health research design, including community studies, and address the value and limitations of case reports and case series. Of particular note is a decision chart to help in choosing appropriate research designs. Health students and faculty will desire an online version of this gem!'—CHOICEIssues of health and disease are central to human life, so an understanding of the science of epidemiology—the study of the patterns of disease and injury in human populations—is relevant to everyone. Many areas of study are directly concerned with epidemiological issues, including medicine and nursing, public policy, health administration, and the social and behavioral sciences. The Encyclopedia of Epidemiology presents state-of-the-art information from the field of epidemiology in a less technical and accessible style and format. With more than 600 entries, no single reference provides as comprehensive a resource in as focused and appropriate manner. The entries cover every major facet of epidemiology, from risk ratios to case-control studies to mediating and moderating variables, and much more. Relevant topics from related fields such as biostatistics and health economics are also included. Key Features Presents a Reader′s Guide to organize entries around themes or specific topics and easily guide users to areas of interest Offers cross-referenced terms, a brief listing of Further Readings, and stable Web site URLs following most entries Provides appendices that include a general bibliography to build on Further Readings, an annotated list of organizations relevant to epidemiology, the standard statistical tables used in epidemiology (t-distribution, F-table, normal [z] distribution, chi-square, etc.), and flow charts to aid researchers in selecting an appropriate study design This resource is a must-have for students, practitioners, researchers, and the informed public who want to know more about health and disease and related topics.

An authoritative work that provides a detailed review of the current status of practice and research in cancer prevention and control – an essential reference guide and tool for primary care physicians, the research community and students. Written as a collaborative work by the faculty of the nationally-renowned Cancer Prevention and Control Program at the Arizona Cancer Center, this book harnesses the expertise of researchers, investigators and clinicians in cancer prevention and control, to provide insights into this field for the benefit of nonspecialists.

West Nile Virus—Mad Cow Disease—HIV/AIDS—Hantavirus—Lyme Disease... and a new strain of Salmonella. Such modern epidemics have emerged over the past few decades as mysterious, yet significant risks to human health. These'plagues'are forcing us to modify our lifestyles in ways that minimize our chances of becoming a statistic in the latest tally of the afflicted. In Six Modern Plagues, Mark Jerome Walters offers us the first book for the general reader that connects these emerging health risks and their ecological origins. Drawing on new research, interviews, and his own investigations, Mark Jerome Walters weaves together a compelling argument: that changes humans have made to the environment, from warming the climate to clearing the forests, have contributed to, if not caused a rising tide of diseases that are afflicting humans and many other species. According to Mark Jerome Walters, humans are not always innocent bystanders to infectious disease. To the contrary, in the case of many modern epidemics, we are the instigators. Six Modern Plagues, a ground-breaking introduction to the connection between disease and environmental degradation should be read by all those interested in their health and the health of others.

This book contains papers presented at a conference which describe studies of a World War II hepatitis epidemic, a genetic analysis of substance use in veteran twins, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, the psychological effects of military captivity, and dioxin in adipose tissue. Other papers discuss radiation risk studies in military populations and resources for epidemiologic research in Vietnam-era veterans. This volume should be of interest to epidemiologists, medical researchers, and others interested in public health.