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Learn to assess published research in this best-selling introduction to evidence-based healthcare Evidence-based practices have revolutionized medical care. Clinical and scientific papers have something to offer practitioners at every level of the profession, from students to established clinicians in medicine, nursing and allied professions. Novices are often intimidated by the idea of reading and appraising the research literature. How to Read a Paper demystifies this process with a thorough, engaging introduction to how clinical research papers are constructed and how to evaluate them. Now fully updated to incorporate new areas of research, readers of the seventh edition of How to Read a Paper will also find: A careful balance between the principles of evidence-based healthcare and clinical practice New chapters covering consensus methods, mechanistic evidence, big data and artificial intelligence Detailed coverage of subjects like assessing methodological quality, systemic reviews and meta-analyses, qualitative research, and more. How to Read a Paper is ideal for all healthcare students and professionals seeking an accessible introduction to evidence-based healthcare – particularly those sitting undergraduate and postgraduate exams and preparing for interviews.

Required reading in many medical and healthcare institutions, How to Read a Paper is a clear and wide-ranging introduction to evidence-based medicine and healthcare, helping readers to understand its central principles, critically evaluate published data, and implement the results in practical settings. Author Trisha Greenhalgh guides readers through each fundamental step of inquiry, from searching the literature to assessing methodological quality and appraising statistics. How to Read a Paper addresses the common criticisms of evidence-based healthcare, dispelling many of its myths and misconceptions, while providing a pragmatic framework for testing the validity of healthcare literature. Now in its sixth edition, this informative text includes new and expanded discussions of study bias, political interference in published reports, medical statistics, big data and more. Offers user-friendly guidance on evidence-based healthcare that is applicable to both experienced and novice readers Authored by an internationally recognised practitioner and researcher in evidence-based healthcare and primary care Includes updated references, additional figures, improved checklists and more How to Read a Paper is an ideal resource for healthcare students, practitioners and anyone seeking an accessible introduction to evidence-based healthcare.

The best-selling introduction to evidence-based medicineIn a clear and engaging style, How to Read a Paper demystifies evidence-based medicine and explains how to critically appraise published research and also put the findings into practice.An ideal introduction to evidence-based medicine, How to Read a Paper explains what to look for in different types of papers and how best to evaluate the literature and then implement the findings in an evidence-based, patient-centred way. Helpful checklist summaries of the key points in each chapter provide a useful framework for applying the principles of evidence-based medicine in everyday practice.This fifth edition has been fully updated with new examples and references to reflect recent developments and current practice. It also includes two new chapters on applying evidence-based medicine with patients and on the common criticisms of evidence-based medicine and responses.How to Read a Paper is a standard text for medical and nursing schools as well as a friendly guide for everyone wanting to teach or learn the basics of evidence-based medicine.

How to Read a Paper describes the different types of clinical research reporting, and explains how to critically appraise the publications. The book provides the tools to find and evaluate the literature, and implement the findings in an evidence-based, patient-centered way. Written for anyone in the health care professions who has little or no knowledge of evidence-based medicine, it provides a clear understanding of the concepts and how to put them into practice at the basic, clinical level. Changes for the 4th edition The fourth edition will include two new chapters on important developments in health care research and delivery, but otherwise retains its original style, size, and scope. New chapter on quality improvement – describing papers on quality improvement projects using ebm methods; this will extend the readership to non clinical health care professionals working in hospitals and family practice, and to nurse specialists and practice nurses working in this field New chapter on complex interventions - how to set up research projects involving both qualitative and quantitative methodology (known as mixed methods) Thorough revision and updating of existing chapters and references New illustrations – diagrammatic representations of ebm concepts

In this lucid, readable book Trisha Greenhalgh provides the basics of evidence based medicine: how to find a medical research paper, assess it for its scientific validity, and where relevant, put the findings into practice. Written for anyone, medically qualified or not, who wishes to understand and apply evidence based medicine, How to Read a Paper makes seemingly obscure concepts clear and relevant, using practical examples and considering all the main types of research paper. This book is a comprehensive introduction to the usefulness and potential applications of evidence based medicine in the clinical setting.

First FRCR Anatomy: Mock Papers offers up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of practice cases for trainees preparing for the First FRCR Anatomy exam. Fifteen complete mock papers are presented in exactly the same structure as the First FRCR Anatomy exam, enabling trainees to practice and improve exam technique. Featuring a wealth of practice cases covering all the key topics, this book is an essential revision tool to maximise chances of exam success. 300 high-quality images reflect the full breadth of topics encountered in the exam. 15 mock papers cover the full range of imaging modalities. Answers feature concise explanations to consolidate knowledge. Illustrations in the answers help to simplify complex anatomy and improve understanding. Use this text as a start to your radiological career and continue to study normal radiological anatomy: it is fundamental to the understanding of pathology and to the expertise you bring to patients'diagnosis and treatment.

This book will help you to understand and appraise clinical research articles and guidelines and assess how they should influence your practice. Assuming no prior knowledge, Clinical Evidence Made Easy starts by explaining the theory of evidence-based practice, including: understanding the hierarchy of evidence how to recognize bias assessing research papers making sense of qualitative research making use of clinical guidelines what to do with evidence from pharmaceutical companies how to apply the evidence in real life. The book concludes with a section covering clinical evidence at work (completely updated for this new edition) which: provides you with simple appraisal tools that you can use to evaluate research papers and clinical guidance uses extracts from original journal articles to show how you can put the appraisal tools and theory into practice. This new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, and now features ‘Test your understanding'questions for each chapter, along with answers at the end of the book.

Sports and exercise have been intensely advocated as protective lifestyle measures which prevent or reduce the risk of severe health issues, including cardiovascular disease. More extreme forms of sports (for instance at high altitudes) have been identified as an important way of promoting cardiovascular adaptation, but have also been associated with adverse effects and even major cardiovascular events in predisposed individuals. Participating in more commonplace sports and exercise, such as football, may also increase a person's risk of cardiac events. This publication is timely in the light of a burgeoning number of clinical papers in the field. The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology provides an overview of the detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease in elite athletes and young sports professionals in training, as well as prevention. It will be useful for clinical cardiologists, sports physicians, and general physicians alike. Split into 11 key areas in sports cardiology, ranging from sudden cardiac death in athletes to the most common cardiovascular abnormalities seen in athletes, and to the effects of substance abuse and doping, the text is an invaluable resource covering all aspects of sports cardiology. Access to the digital version of the textbook is included with purchase of the printed version. Highly illustrated with embedded multimedia features, together with cross-referenced links to related content and primary research data in major journals in the field, the digital version provides users with a dynamic and forward-thinking resource. The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology is the second textbook from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and aligns with ESC clinical practice guidelines and EAPC recommendations and position papers.

The purpose of this eBook is to overcome a key barrier for the dissemination of psychological interventions into practice, by supporting the public accessibility of evidence-based treatment manuals and implementation guides for comorbid mental and substance use disorders. Our intentions are twofold. First, to facilitate further research and replication of comorbidity treatment models internationally, thereby growing and strengthening the field and improving what we'know'. Second, to enable clinicians across primary, secondary, and tertiary services to implement high quality, theoretically grounded, and empirically-supported psychosocial treatments with people experiencing mental and substance use disorders, thereby improving what we'do'. This eBook brings together a collection of papers that describe the treatment procedures for comorbid presentations encountered in diverse clinical settings. The diversity of treatment approaches described reflects the very nature of comorbidity: where the combination of heterogenous diagnostic, demographic and contextual features can complicate treatment. Furthermore, these papers acknowledge and address the unique challenges of working in outpatient, inpatient and custodial settings.

Adventure Therapy around the Globe is an important, peer-reviewed collection of papers pulled from the from the 5th and 6th International Adventure Therapy Conference proceedings. These papers present international perspectives and diverse approaches to adventure therapy theory, practice and research. Adventure therapy program models and interventions from around the world are presented here to help adventure therapy practitioners develop new ideas and approaches for helping participants find healing and enhance wellbeing in the natural world.

This volume represents the results of the Sixteenth International Conference for Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology, entitled “Neuroscience, Logic and Mental Development”.This edited collection brings together selected plenary and keynote papers from the conference, and represents a major contribution to an interdisciplinary dialogue in mental health through the use of new philosophical tools, emerging from neuroscience, clinical psychology, phenomenology and epistemology.The papers gathered in this volume are divided into four parts, depending on their disciplinary paradigm. The papers included in Part I are focused on advances in neuroscience and neuroimaging as theoretical underpinnings for progress in psychiatric and psychological explanations. Special attention is paid here to the critical reappraisal of current approaches to the implementation of neuroscience in mental health. Some of these papers end with suggestions for modifications to contemporary research programs. The papers belonging to Part II contribute to the psychological understanding of mental disorders, particularly personality disorders. Parts III and IV trace the implications of phenomenology and epistemology for the improvement of an interdisciplinary pluralogue in psychiatry.

Since pain management became a specialty in its own right and following the tremendous breakthroughs made by several pioneer researchers, we have seen major developments in the field and a growing international interest represented at the many national conferences and the World Pain Congress and European Congress. But there is still much to do, as there are still groups under-represented in the research such as children, older adults and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Also, we do not have all the answers, and pain is an area where traditional medicine may well be complemented by the field of complementary and alternative therapies. In this book, we have gathered recent papers related to many aspects of pain and pain management and it is our hope that you will all benefit from the wisdom in the many research papers.

Published by Peter Lang in 2007, The Impact of Hospitals 300-2000 (ed. Henderson, Horden and Pastore) comprised a selection of the papers delivered at two conferences (in 1999 and 2001) that were organised by the International Network for the History of Hospitals (INHH). The present volume, based on the Network's 2009 Barcelona conference, offers a new, wide-ranging collection of papers on the theme of ‘Hospitals and Communities'. It discusses a select group of hospitals and communities, including those based in Europe and the Americas, from three main perspectives: isolation and disease, communities and the poor, and war and hospitals. The subject of community has been researched extensively by sociologists and anthropologists, less so by historians. The 2009 conference challenged participants to consider the idea of community in relationship to the hospital and, particularly, to reflect on how historians should approach the wide range of communities that continue to be shaped by the work of these institutions. Collectively, the case studies in this volume demonstrate that navigation of the history of hospitals requires an understanding of the societies in which these institutions operated. In other words, hospital histories are not just stories about medical institutions; they offer considerable insight into the communities in which they were situated and with which they intersected.

Handbook of Studies on Depression is a collection of papers on the research and general overview of studies on depression from many countries of the world. Divided into four sections, the handbook presents an international coverage of depression, which is becoming a major worldwide clinical problem. Section I is a collection of studies in classification, phenomenology, etiology of depression, and the classification of depression and response to treatments. The genetic factors contributing to depression, effects on children, and the affective symptoms in non-western countries are described. Section II focuses on studies in the treatment of depression, examining the modes of actions of antidepressants, the use of electroconvulsive treatment, and psychosurgery for depressive illnesses. Section III moves forward to the research made on depression, including problems in clinical research, the discovery of effective antidepressant and antimanic drugs, and research into clinical psychoendocrinology, particularly on the function of the adrenal cortex in depression. Concluding this section is a paper on which depression includes a broad spectrum of psychopathology, making biological research more difficult. The last section is a discussion on the aspects of depression. Common topics examined are the management of bereavement; suicide; the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants on cardiac function; and the management of drug over dosage, especially those acts associated with depression. Psychologists, psychiatrists, medical students, school counselors, marriage guidance counselors, select members of the police force, and even parents who are interested in the subject of depression will find this handbook both useful and informative.

OVERVIEW: This discussion paper brings together evidence and experience from around the world focusing on making health systems more gender responsive. The paper uses a framework that combines WHO's six building blocks for health systems and the primary health care reforms propounded in the World Health Report 2008 on primary health care. Furthermore, the paper provides examples of what has worked and how, and ends with an agenda for action to strengthen the work of policy-makers, their advisers and development partners as well as practitioners as they seek to integrate gender equality perspectives into health systems strengthening, including primary health care reforms.

This book provides 300 practice MCQs divided into three practice papers. Correct answers follow, accompanied by short referenced notes drawing from recent important journal articles, major critical care textbooks and selected internet resources. Since there is no other dedicated intensive care MCQ book on the market, this book is relevant to the following groups: junior intensive care trainees, senior intensive care nursing staff wishing to enhance their medical knowledge, intensive care consultants as a teaching aid and trainees preparing for professional examinations. This MCQ book will also be ideal in preparation for the European Diploma in Intensive Care Medicine (EDIC) Part 1 examination, as the questions are matched as closely as possible in style and difficulty to those in the EDIC Part 1. The EDIC is an internationally recognised qualification for medical trainees in intensive care, set by the European Society for Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). It is a two-part examination consisting of a 100-question multiple choice paper (Part 1) and a clinical and viva voce examination (Part 2). To ensure relevance, the questions are designed with reference to the training syllabus provided by the ESICM.

Treating rheumatic disorders is usually a complex matter requiring a variety of methods. The selection of a therapeutic regimen depends on the type, severity and the stage of the disease. Thousands of people are affected by this condition with rheumatoid arthritis alone affecting approximately 1% of the population in the UK and other developed countries in the western world. The latest volume in a series that is already an established favourite with clinicians, The Year in Rheumatic Disorders 2003 continues to provide a compact overview of the most important papers published over the past 12 months. Written and compiled by an expert team the journal extends coverage of the first 2 volumes, reporting on the most up-to-date medical literature in this area. Papers are included on osteoarthritis, phospholid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and the most recent advances in Fibromyalgia Syndrome, a widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue disorder for which the cause is still unknown. The expertise of the editors and contributors of this volume ensures that the reader is provided with a swift yet complete current awareness service keeping them up-to-date with progress of this condition. This is an immensely valuable addition to the earlier published volumes and an essential resource for all physicians and specialists involved with treating patients with rheumatic disease.

The First Episode Psychosis Services Fidelity Scale (FEPS-FS 1.0) is a highly reliable scale that assesses the degree to which mental health teams deliver specialized evidence-based care to people experiencing a first episode psychosis. The scale comprises 35 components each rated on a 1 to 5 scale. It has been used in the United States, Canada and Europe. It can be used for on site fidelity reviews, remote fidelity assessment or self-report. Published papers document its psychometric features and allow comparisons with a representative sample of US programs. It is suitable for research, quality improvement and accreditation.The Manual provides a practical guide for scoring a FEPS program against the criteria set out in the fidelity scale. It is designed to increase the reliability and consistency of ratings across different sites and assessors. It includes a definition and rationale for each component, data sources, decision rules and a structured interview guide. There are also modules to support training the key informant and data abstractor. Templates support structured feedback to programs for quality improvement. The scale can be adjusted to rate care for different diagnostic groups including the schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder and those with an attenuated psychosis syndrome.

The New England Journal of Medicine is one of the most important general medical journals in the world. Doctors rely on the conclusions it publishes, and most do not have the time to look beyond abstracts to examine methodology or question assumptions. Many of its pronouncements are conveyed by the media to a mass audience, which is likely to take them as authoritative. But is this trust entirely warranted? Theodore Dalrymple, a doctor retired from practice, turned a critical eye upon a full year of the Journal, alert to dubious premises and to what is left unsaid. In False Positive, he demonstrates that many of the papers it publishes reach conclusions that are not only flawed, but obviously flawed. He exposes errors of reasoning and conspicuous omissions apparently undetected by the editors. In some cases, there is reason to suspect actual corruption. When the Journal takes on social questions, its perspective is solidly politically correct. Practically no debate on social issues appears in the printed version, and highly debatable points of view go unchallenged. The Journal reads as if there were only one possible point of view, though the American medical profession (to say nothing of the extensive foreign readership) cannot possibly be in total agreement with the stances taken in its pages. It is thus more megaphone than sounding board. There is indeed much in the New England Journal of Medicine that deserves praise and admiration. But this book should encourage the general reader to take a constructively critical view of medical news and to be wary of the latest medical doctrines.

This book intends to increase general knowledge about two of the most studied and prevalent emotions in everyday life: anger and anxiety. Despite being a major aim of many research studies and theoretical perspectives, there are still many controversies and issues that remain unsolved. Therefore, this book includes a collection of chapters that provide a further advance not only on the theoretical issues related to anger and anxiety, but also includes recent empirical findings in different applied contexts (e.g., military, sports, etc.). The chapters are distributed between two major sections: a) Theoretical and conceptual approaches; and b) research and implications. About twenty-four authors and co-authors with diverse scientific backgrounds and from ten different countries have tried to expand our knowledge on anger and anxiety, through ten conceptual and empirical papers, including laboratorial and applied field studies, with such diverse populations such as children, adolescents and adults. Overall, within an integrative perspective, these studies highlight (among other issues) the importance of considering the many self-regulation processes (e.g., coping, emotion regulation, self-control, etc.) associated with these emotions as well as their consequences and effects on health outcomes, interpersonal relationships and general psychological functioning. The editors believe this book will be an important contribution to the future theory and research of anxiety and anger by promoting other reviews and studies toward a better comprehension of how individuals deal with these emotions across several life and applied domains. Hopefully, this book will also fuel further investigations that combine both of these emotions, which often seem to arise simultaneously. Ultimately, the main aim of this book is to provide important guidelines and cues for interventions directed at helping individuals dealing and managing their anxiety and anger, contributing to their overall well-being, psychological functioning and general adaptation to everyday complex demands.

Virtual reality and human interaction with it is a complex topic, and certainly not one which will be mastered overnight; but across the world, there is excellent research being carried out for all of these important domains. As humanity extends its understanding of the interplay with these system components, developers will be well-positioned to design better and more effective virtual reality interventions and come closer to realising the full potential of virtual reality for health and well-being. In this book, the authors present a number of short papers from research groups around the world working in this important and complex field. The chapters explore a range of issues, suggesting routes forward and offering insights into both the potential and the challenges of this rapidly maturing technology.

This book is concerned with the interdisciplinary studies applying computer technologies to the theory and practice of art therapy. The contents consist of the author's sixteen papers published, twelve patents in Korea, Japan, and the U.S.A., and other relevant materials, all organized in a logical sequence. This book is intended for art therapy courses at upper undergraduate and graduate levels. No prior computer knowledge is assumed. Interpretation of drawings no longer needs to be done manually by the therapists themselves because, as this book argues, computerized systems can perform the steps of evaluation and interpretation. The difficult concept of computer science is explained in a simple and concrete way with illustrations, sample drawings, and case studies. This book explains sta­tistical methods, various functions of a computer, technologies in digital image processing, computer algorithms, methodologies in expert systems, and the Bayesian network. All these elements can be used to improve the practice and theory in the evaluation of art and the interpretation of art. Readers do not need to worry about unfamiliar terms such as digital image, algorithm, expert system, and Bayesian network which appear here. Neither should they be concerned about pixel, cluster, edge, blurring, convex hull, regression, etc., the terms which appear later in the book. These terms will be explained with illustrations and drawings for easy understanding. Computational Art Therapy will not only promote the use of various art therapy tools but also provide a foundation for new methodologies through which art therapy researchers can develop their own methodologies to improve the practice and theory of art therapy. It will be of special interest to those studying art therapy, psychology, psychiatry, art, computer science and applied statistics.

William Watson Cheyne (1852-1932), a surgeon by training and a student of Joseph Lister, was a prominent British bacteriologist who published 60 papers and 13 monographs from 1879 to 1927. A proponent of the idea that bacteriology and medicine were interdependent disciplines, he investigated the causes and treatment of wound infections, tuberculosis, cholera, tetanus and gangrene. In 1897, he organized an historical outline of 19th century bacteriology in five landmark periods of discovery, each defined by the work of an influential figure. This study documents his contributions to the history of microbiology and describes his activities as a laboratory investigator, clinician, surgeon, translator, editor and educator.

Critical Care MCQs is the perfect companion for anyone sitting exams in intensive care, as a training resource or just wanting to improve their knowledge in this constantly developing area of medical practice. Written by critical care doctors with experience of UK and European examination formats, this book leads the reader through 450 true/false questions with referenced explanations, covering core syllabus topics and key influential papers to date. A detailed list of further resources and recommendations relevant to critical care revision is also provided to enable readers to further their knowledge and understanding. It is hoped that this book will prove invaluable for preparation and success in upcoming intensive care exams for both candidates and trainers. This book would be useful for not only candidates sitting the UK Final Fellowship of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) and European Diploma of Intensive Care (EDIC) exams, but also the Indian Diploma in Critical Care Medicine (IDCCM), the Diploma of the Irish Board of Intensive Care Medicine (DIBICM), the Australia and New Zealand Fellowship of the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM), American Board and any other country-related intensive care exams.

Intensive care medicine is a dynamic and evolving specialty, requiring its practitioners to be part physician, physiologist and anaesthetist. This requires a firm foundation of knowledge and an ability to apply this to the clinical situation. This book contains 270 multiple-choice questions allowing self-assessment of the breadth of knowledge required of the modern intensivist. The book is divided into three papers each consisting of 60 multiple true false (MTF) and 30 single best answer (SBA) questions covering areas including resuscitation, diagnosis, disease management, organ support, and ethical and legal aspects of practice. The MTF questions test factual knowledge and understanding of the evidence base underpinning intensive care medicine, while the SBA questions test the ability of the candidate to prioritise, compete options and make the best decision for the patient. Each question is peer reviewed and accompanied by concise and detailed explanatory notes with references to guide further reading. All the authors are practising intensive care physicians with firsthand experience of professional examinations in the specialty. This book will appeal to intensive care physicians approaching professional examinations worldwide, including the European Diploma, American Board and Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine examinations. In addition, it will appeal to intensive care nurses and allied healthcare professionals wishing to update their knowledge as part of continuing professional development, and to physicians sitting professional examinations in related specialties requiring knowledge of intensive care medicine such as general medicine, general surgery and anaesthesia. This new book will complement the existing international best-selling title ‘Multiple Choice Questions in Intensive Care Medicine'(ISBN 978 1 903378 64 9), also written by Dr Steve Benington.

We have around 3000 ‘mitochondria'in each and every cell in our bodies. They are the powerhouses of our cells, essential for the production and management of energy at cell level. Dr Sarah Myhill, together with Dr John McLaren Howard of Acumen Laboratories and Dr Norman Booth of Mansfield College Oxford, has spent many years studying the relationship between their malfunction and the commonest problem seen by GPs in the UK – fatigue. Their research findings have been published in three scientific papers in the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, in 2009, 2012 and 2013. These studies showed that poor functioning of the mitochondria is the central problem in CFS. Patients with the worst mitochondrial function had the worst fatigue and vice versa. This is solid scientific evidence that CFS is a problem with mitochondria and has allowed the objective measurement of fatigue for the first time. With the publication of the third study, which showed that mitochondrial function tests and symptoms improved in patients who took measures to address their mitochondrial problems, Dr Myhill was ready to write this book. Here she explains the importance of healthy mitochondria, how we can measure their functioning and what we can do to keep them healthy, or restore them to health if problems arise. CFS is all in our cells, not in our minds!

The authors reviewed a wide number of microbiological and medical papers outlining the profile of different probiotic strains in the immune-modulating activity related to major and minor clinical impairment of soluble and cell-mediated immunity. Starting from in vitro and experimental animal studies, a good number of clinical trials are reported, enclosing an update of the side effects of the probiotic long-term administration. Conclusively, the biological therapies are currently oriented to direct delivery of cytokines and molecules involved in the immune process enhancement. Using probiotics to sustain the immune response and to rescue the suppressed immunity is still a very modern approach, being also cheap and practical. This review highlights the rationale for this probiotic therapeutic indication which is largely safe and reliable.

This book, published in two volumes, Volume 1 and Volume 2, respectively, represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of current literature on angiotensin inhibition and related topics in medicine, nephrology and cardiovascular medicine ever compiled. Top experts in the various fields of nephrology, hypertension, cardiovascular medicine, pharmacotherapeutics and related fields from all five continents have contributed essays, original papers, reviews and editorial opinions to this volume. This book has turned out to be the most authoritative reference source on ACEIs, with contributions made by leading experts in their various fields of medicine, from the USA, Europe, including the United Kingdom, South America, Australia-New Zealand, Asia including Japan, and Africa. Critically vital clinical topics are covered in this book by top world-renowned experts in different subspecialties, including classic topics such as the efficacy of ACE inhibition as an antihypertensive among the various ethnicities and races, as written from American, African, Caribbean and European perspectives. This volume should indeed serve as a major literature reference text for physicians in general, internists, researchers, cardiologists and hypertension specialists, and especially the practitioners of the art of nephrology in all the countries around the world. Medical students and various physician training programs should reach for a copy of this volume as a research and teaching tool for many years to come. There is also a place here for research scientists in the pharmaceutical industry to review current and newly emerging indications for angiotensin inhibition and the future of reno-protection.

The vertigo is one of the commonest symptoms complained by patients. It is also a symptom variously referred by patients and may be present in several diseases. Therefore, this book could be a helpful tool for all physicians approaching patients with vertigo or dizziness. The general practitioner may learn how to approach a dizzy patient with basic steps ranging from the physical examination to instrumental tests. However, the book could be useful to specialist like Otorhinolaryngologist and Neurologist, who may read the latest updates on instrumental examination, therapy and rehabilitation of dizzy patients, as well as find in a single book the various approach to diagnose and treat several inner ear diseases causing vertigo. The book had the contribution of eminent specialists worldwide, that shared their experience with clear and synthetic chapters. The Editors Dr Francesco Dispenza and Dr Alessandro De Stefano have collected together the experiences of colleagues from America to Asia passing through Europe to give to the reader the most complete picture possible. The reader will be supported by about 1000 references, including cornerstone papers and recent bibliography, that will help to study in deep the vertigo, a complex symptom that must be known.

This book, published in two volumes, Volume 1 and Volume 2, respectively, represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of current literature on angiotensin inhibition and related topics in medicine, nephrology and cardiovascular medicine ever compiled. Top experts in the various fields of nephrology, hypertension, cardiovascular medicine, pharmacotherapeutics and related fields from all five continents have contributed essays, original papers, reviews and editorial opinions in this volume. This book has turned out to be the most authoritative reference source on ACEIs, with contributions made by leading experts in their various fields of medicine, from the USA, Europe, including the United Kingdom, South America, Australia-New Zealand, Asia including Japan, and Africa. Critically vital clinical topics are covered in this book by top world-renowned experts in different subspecialties, including classic topics such as the efficacy of ACE inhibition as an antihypertensive among the various ethnicities and races, as written from American, African, Caribbean and European perspectives This volume should indeed serve as a major literature reference text for physicians in general, internists, researchers, cardiologists and hypertension specialists, and especially the practitioners of the art of nephrology in all the countries around the world. Medical students and various physician training programs should reach for a copy of this volume as a research and teaching tool for many years to come. There is also a place here for research scientists in the pharmaceutical industry to review current and newly emerging indications for angiotensin inhibition and the future of reno-protection.

Congenital Heart Diseases are of the utmost importance in modern cardiology. This is a book that deals with essential matters which are developed by experienced researchers in their respective fields. An updated approach to these issues was largely sought after. The authors share their own papers and experience with the enthusiastic professionals reading their work all throughout the chapters in an easy-to-read format. Modern medical practice demands continuous research on specific topics. Thereafter, this book is devoted to the development of the coronary arteries facing the fact that coronary artery disease is the most common cause of mortality in the developed world. The the role of the estrogen receptor and transforming growth factors in coronary intimal hyperplasia and thorough descriptions of new diagnostic techniques in congenital heart diseases are also displayed (severe congenital heart defects are generally diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after birth while less severe defects often are not diagnosed until children are older). Accordingly, complex malformations of the heart, fetal arrhythmias and pulmonary hypertension are also included. In as much as other specific subjects are relevant as well, topics like an etiological overview of intrauterine ductus arteriosus constriction, restrictive cardiomyopathy in children or hybrid procedures for congenital heart disease, namely palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, closure of muscular ventricular septal defect and stenting of branch pulmonary arteries are developed as well. Last but not least, the long-term outcomes of congenital heart diseases, including medical, interventional and emergency treatments, are examined.

This book deals with several subjects of interest in the field of cardiology, developed by experienced researchers in their respective fields. The authors comment on their own papers and experience all throughout the chapters in an easy-to-read format. Since modern cardiology demands continuous updating on specific topics of the varied spectra of cardiology, this book is devoted to diagnostic techniques, pathophysiology, clinical aspects and treatment. It presents comprehensive reviews of the subjects, making it useful to internists and cardiologists who want an updated review of the selected issues portrayed in the book. In this way, the book represents a further stage beyond classic structured books aimed toward cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, pediatricians and enthusiastic general practitioners. The chapters have been chosen because of the importance of the subjects they cover, as well as the expertise of the authors. All of them are well-known experts and have been extensively published in international journals. In summary, this publication updates the main findings in cardiovascular diseases at present. This vast branch of medicine is rapidly expanding and many scientific manuscripts have appeared and continue to appear. Nevertheless, this book presents a compilation and review of the newest, most important issues in one volume.

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), also known as Human Herpes Virus 4, has been identified and described as the etiological agent of infectious mononucleosis. It is the first human virus found to be implicated in oncogenesis. EBV is associated with a number of biologically diverse cancers, mainly lymphoproliferations of B-cell origin. With the development of basic research and clinical medicine, new ideas related to the pathogenesis and clinical aspects of EBV-associated diseases have arisen recently. A significant progress in the number of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantations performed worldwide, involving high-risk patients, has contributed to an increase in the development of EBV-associated malignant post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. In the stem cell transplant setting, a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder has, in most cases, the nature of a secondary cancer. Apart from post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, other types of lymphoproliferative disorders are recognized and presented in this book. The main aim of this book is to provide readers with an overview of the impact of EBV on parameters that contribute to the development of malignancy in immunocompromised patients, particularly in recipients of a solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Also, current concepts and practices in the diagnosis, management and prevention of EBV-associated malignancies are highlighted, with special emphasis on transplant patients. The book is organized in two sections. The first section describes the oncogenic potential of the Epstein-Barr Virus along with a thorough appraisal of its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and B-cell lymphoma. This part is essential for situating EBV in the field of oncogenesis, and presenting the pivotal role of EBV in contemporary oncology and transplantology. This is followed by the second section, which answers some of the questions related to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. The book is a comprehensive collection of papers that describe the active processes induced by EBV in oncogenesis. As we live in the world where transplantation science is making rapid progress, the book is focused mostly on post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, as this topic is developing considerably. The issue of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is of great interest to scientists and clinicians due to significant changes in its epidemiology, diagnostics and therapy over the last decade. The epidemiology of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders has been influenced by a tremendous increase in mismatched and unrelated donor transplants. Current diagnostics of EBV-associated diseases is based on modern pathology, quantitative viremia and the use of positron emission tomography. A significant progress has been achieved in the therapy of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders with the use of rituximab and EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This book seeks a more comprehensive application of the knowledge on EBV and its role in the development of cancer. The publication is not a purely academic monograph as it contains a number of novel insights, concepts and hypotheses. We are presenting a book related to both basic and clinical research, and whose main audience is the healthcare community.

The number of cases of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affecting both combat veterans and survivors of armed conflict has increased in recent years. Exposure to traumatic events can cause PTSD, and the serious consequences of this disorder can often lead to impulsive and destructive behaviors such as drug abuse and uncontrollable anger. Combat related PTSD is also one of the strongest contributing factors to the high suicide risk in returning troops. This book presents the collected papers from the 2012 NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI): Invisible Wounds – New Tools to Enhance PTSD Diagnosis and Treatment (IW2012), held in Ankara, Turkey, in June 2012. This ASI was attended by 56 scientists and representatives from NATO and Partner countries, and expert contributors from nine different countries were invited to take part in the workshop. The aim of the ASI was to equip participants with an in-depth knowledge of the latest theoretical advances in neuroscience, psychotherapy and pharmacology, and thereby to assist them in the task of assessment, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of PTSD and related co-morbid disorders. The book is divided into four sections: a review of the latest science related to theoretical constructs and associated neurosciences; screening; stress inoculation training; and co-morbid issues: considering the whole person in treatment. This book will provide a valuable resource for all those whose work involves dealing with post traumatic stress disorder.

Europe is facing a paradox: while governments try to curb public spending, the demands on our healthcare systems continue to rise. The use of smart technologies and innovation can help to address the challenges faced by healthcare systems today, such as an ageing population, a shortage of healthcare professionals and restrictions on financial resources. But despite increasing evidence of the benefits technology can bring, the healthcare sector has been slow to embrace the digital revolution, and has stuck to more traditional methods and models. This book presents selected contributions to the symposium on Personal Health Monitoring (PHM) and Ethics and future areas of PHM, which took place in advance of the 11th World Congress of Bioethics, held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, in June 2012. Most of the papers present the outcomes of the European PHM-Ethics project, which conducted interdisciplinary analyses of emerging PHM applications. Additional invited contributions deal with important issues related to the project's primary objectives and outcomes. The project is strongly associated with the new e-Health Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in December 2012, which is designed to bring the benefits of digital solutions into healthcare systems. The book covers a broad spectrum, ranging from the technical setup of PHM systems to ethical issues raised by PHM applications, and will be of interest to all those concerned with improving the provision of healthcare worldwide.

Veterans in rural communities face unique challenges, who will step up to help? Beginning with a brief scenario of a more gentle view of rural life, the book moves through learned information about families, children, and our returning National Guard and Reserve civilian military members. Return experiences will necessarily be different in rural and frontier settings than they are in suburban and urban environments. Our rural and frontier areas, especially in Western states with more isolated communities, less developed communication and limited access to medical, psychological and social services remain an important concern. This book helps provide some informed direction in working toward improving these as a general guide for mental health professionals working with Guard and Reserve members and families in rural/frontier settings. An appendix provides an in-depth list of online references for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Specific areas of concern include: Morale, deployment abroad, and stress factors Effects of terrorism on children and families at home Understanding survivor guilt Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and suicide Preventing secondary traumatization Resiliency among refugee populations and military families Adjustment and re-integration following the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars Vicarious trauma and its effects on children and adults How rural and remote communities differ from more urban ones following war experiences in readjusting military members Characteristics important in therapists/counselors working with returning military Doherty's second volume in this new series Crisis in the American Heartland explores these and many other issues. Each volume available in trade paper, hardcover, and eBook formats. Learn more at www.RMRInstitute.org PSY022040 Psychology : Psychopathology - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder SOC040000 Social Science : Disasters & Disaster Relief HIS027170 Military - Iraq War (2003-)

Mental Health Nursing for RGNM Students aims to provide a comprehensive account of mental health nursing in an easy-to-understand manner. It is according to the syllabus of Indian Nursing Council, New Delhi, and specially prepared for diploma (GNM) student nurses in India. It includes the multiple choice questions, match the following sentences, true or false, differences and comparisons and their answers as per examination papers of nursing councils.

This e-book is a reference on Selegiline ((-)-Deprenyl) effects on the brain. Selegiline, described in thousands of research papers, is registered in over 60 countries. At present, more than one hundred preparations containing selegiline circulate in the global market under different brand names. They are widely used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, major depression and as a geroprotective / anti-aging drug. ((-)-Deprenyl) selegiline, the first selective inhibitor of B-type MAO which, in contrast to the known MAO inhibitors, did not potentiate the effect of tyramine but inhibited it. The compound could be combined with levodopa in Parkinson's disease without signs of hypertensive reactions. The DATATOP study in the USA revealed that (-)-deprenyl delayed the onset of disability associated with early, otherwise untreated Parkinson's disease. The age-related decay of the supply of the brain with phenylethylamine (PEA), due to the progressive increase of MAO-B activity in the aging brain, and dopamine, due to the better than average decline of the dopaminergic neuronal activity during the postdevelopmental phase of life, are irresistible biochemical lesions of aging. The speed of deterioration of behavioral performances with the passing of time and longevity depends significantly on the pace of the worsening of these lesions. (-)-Deprenyl, increasing the supply of the brain with PEA and dopamine, counteracts this aging process. Maintenance of male rats from sexual maturity until death on ((-)-deprenyl) delays the age-related loss of the capacity to ejaculate, slows the age-related decline of learning ability and prolongs life. In humans, maintenance from sexual maturity on (-)-deprenyl (1 mg daily) is, for the time being, the most promising prophylactic treatment to fight against the age-related decay of behavioral performances, prolonging life, and preventing or delaying the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. This e-book is a useful reference for graduate medical students, academic researchers in the field of neuropsychopharmacology, neurophysiology and gerontology and professional research groups in commercial organizations manufacturing selegiline preparations.

This volume contains papers on typhoid fever by a diverse group of people. Clinicians, epidemiologists, laboratory technologists and research scientists discuss and share their work, techniques and developments on the understanding and control of this disease. The papers of the invited speakers are included.

Continuity and Change: Gestalt Therapy Now describes what is quite possibly the most unique and significant gestalt therapy organization in the world. There are, of course, many other associations of gestalt therapists, but many of them are either much smaller or qualitatively different because they attend to certifying and regulating their members. The Association for the Advancement of Gestalt Therapy (AAGT) does not certify nor regulate; its sole purpose is to advance the theory and practice of gestalt therapy through the associating of its members. This book both highlights the nature of contemporary gestalt therapy and makes known the existence and nature of the AAGT through the lens of its tenth biennial conference, which was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.In 2010 the AAGT returned to the Unites States for a venue in its biennial conference after having been in Amsterdam in the Netherlands; Vancouver, Canada; and Manchester, England. It's regional growth had been sustained, and its international scope had become expansive. The 2010 conference, with its theme of continuity and change, was a look at contemporary gestalt therapy, and it also featured a significant and growing dialogue with recognized leaders in other clinical perspectives. The 2010 conference featured many long-time, recognized colleagues from the field of gestalt therapy, including many aging colleagues who trained personally with the founders of gestalt therapy. The conference proceedings were rich and varied.This book includes papers based on pre-conference workshops, and conference presentations and panels. Chapter contributors emerge from the structure of the conference itself, and they include many of the most compelling thinkers and practitioners in the world of contemporary gestalt therapy.

The field of surgical oncology is a unique and exciting speciality, combining the technical feats of some of the most complex surgeries, with an understanding of the multidisciplinary approaches for each cancer, and an in-depth knowledge of cancer biology. Cancer is a complex puzzle that is being slowly solved with contributions from basic scientists, translational scientists, clinical trialists and clinicians. The surgical oncologist is often the centerpiece of the care team and research program, and must understand all aspects of this intricate field in order to make sound clinical decisions, and in order to continue to move toward a solution to this complicated puzzle. The surgical oncologist must also maintain a bedside manner that is appropriate for patients confronting the most frightening of diagnoses and directly facing their mortality. With that backdrop in mind, this text was developed as a comprehensive, up to date review of all knowledge required of a surgical oncologist: from basic biology to the application of regional chemotherapy and minimally invasive surgery to palliative care. The target audience is intended to be medical students, surgery residents, practicing surgeons and ancillary staff with an interest in surgical oncology. As the field moves toward board certification, this text will serve as an excellent reference for study and review. The decision to only list landmark papers at the end of each chapter and not reference within the text was made to improve the readability of the text, and to focus the reader on general truths and not esoteric facts. The ease of searching publications on line makes detailed referencing unnecessary. In each chapter with an emphasis on evidence based facts and an assistant editor focused on evidence based tables for each disease site. Our long-term goal is for regular updates of this text and to keep current with important clinical evidence which may change our approach to therapy. While the overall progress toward a cure for cancer has seemed slow, the field of oncology is changing more rapidly than any other speciality. We learn new biology as well as new therapies daily are constantly being tested. This text will keep the reader updated with these important advances in a comprehensive but readable format.

Many clinicians today are unaware of the implications of psychotherapy research for their practice. Research that can readily be applied is not always easily found in original empirical papers. And while they know where to find details on methods and statistical procedures, today's clinicians may not grasp the larger picture of psychotherapy research from the past 50 years. Bringing Psychotherapy Research To Life attempts to bridge these gaps by highlighting the work of 28 distinguished psychotherapy researchers, showing how their research programs changed the way we think about and practice psychotherapy. While honoring founders and influential members of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, the book illustrates how research has extended the following questions: What types of patients benefit from therapy? How can relationship problems best be handled? Under which circumstances can emotions be deepened? How does the therapist foster insight? How does the therapist facilitate behavioral change? This book presents scientifically rich and clinically relevant messages embedded in meaningful stories. By contextualizing the work of luminaries in psychotherapy research, it will appeal to students and practitioners alike, including those who want to survey the field as well as those who are looking to its foundations as a resource for fresh research questions. For readers who are primarily associated with a cognitive-behavioral approach, the book will also provide an overview of the constructs investigated and empirical methods used by researchers in the humanistic and psychodynamic traditions.

'Compiled by experts in their field, this new title to the series examines the most important papers selected from the extensive literature written on post-menopausal health over the past twelve months. The volume provides an essential overview of the most significant advances in the treatment of many conditions that can emerge post-menopause, including breast cancer, stroke, heart disease and arthritis. The book also examines the causes of post-menopausal health difficulties and looks at possible treatments, both traditional and complementary. A practical and highly informative guide, The Year in Post-Menopausal Health will prove an invaluable ongoing resource for physicians in their daily practice.'

Papers presented at a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Antalya, Turkey, September 23-October 4, 2001.

Good health depends on many factors including high quality air, water, soil and food. As environmental problems increase, related health issues are also becoming a source of major worldwide concern. It is therefore essential to establish effective measures to eliminate or considerably reduce hazardous factors from the environment, measures highly dependent on the application of suitable experimental, modelling and interpretive techniques to achieve a balanced assessment of the risks involved. Covering the latest developments in this field, this book features edited versions of papers presented at the First International Conference on the Impact of Environmental Factors on Health (Environmental Health Risk 2001). The volume provides an easily accessible source of information on the interrelation between environmental risk and health which is often complex and can involve a variety of social, occupational and lifestyle factors. It also emphasizes the need to adopt an interdisciplinary approach in order to effectively recognize and avoid such problems. The contributions are divided under the following headings: Air Pollution; Water Supply and Quality; Waste Water and Surface Water Problems; Radiation and Noise; Microbial Risk; Population Health; and Solid Waste.

The Molecular Basis of Mutant Hemoglobin Dysfunction contains the proceedings of the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center Symposium on the Molecular Basis of Mutant Hemoglobin Dysfunction held at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, on 7-10 October 1979. The symposium aims to document the progress of research efforts and bring together biochemists, geneticists, clinicians, counselors, and administrators, so that ensuing research will bring science to bear more effectively on these diseases. The volume contains 31 chapters organized into six sections. Section I presents two papers on the influence of fetal hemoglobin on the risk of complications and ocular manifestations of sickle cell disease. The papers in Section II deal with normal and abnormal gene expression. Section IIII is devoted to the structural analysis of mutant hemoglobins and their aggregates. Section IV focuses on evaluations of the physical and molecular basis of mutant hemoglobin dysfunction. The presentations in Section V cover cell biology and pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Section VI reviews the status of the therapy of sickle cell disease.

Malaria: Volume 3, Immunology and Immunization is a collection of papers dealing with malaria parasites, the methods for measuring the immunological response to plasmodia, and the vertebrates host's immune response to plasmodia. Some papers discuss immunization against sporozoites, against the exoerythrocytic stages of malaria parasites, against asexual blood-inhabiting stages of plasmodia, as well as gamete immunization in malaria. One paper describes various separation methods to isolate malaria parasites and their constituents. Another paper discusses in detail the theory and practice of methods used in measuring antibody responses which occur during plasmodial infections, including the antibody response against sporozoites, exoerythrocytic forms, and in the different blood stages. Another paper explains the vertebrate host's immune response to plasmodial infection as a homeostatic physiological response changing along with the progression of the disease. The changes in the dynamic cellular cascade are different as the disease progresses causing death, than when these lead to recovery. Another paper enumerates the parameters which determine malarial infectiousness from one individual to another such as the time of onset, duration, intensity of the blood infections, as well as the maturity, longevity, and rate of production of gametocytes. Pharmacologists, general medical practitioners, investigators, and laboratory technicians involved in malarial research will find the collection very useful.

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation: Signal Transduction in Inflammatory Cells, Part A is a collection of papers that discusses the mechanisms of the transduction of signals linking stimulated receptors and cellular function. This book describes the pathways of signal transduction involved in stimulating functions of inflammatory cells connected with host defense and development of inflammatory injury. One paper notes the potential of using fluorescence methodology in analyzing ligand-receptor interactions in living systems during the natural abundance of cell surface receptors. Another paper discusses the structure and function of GTP-binding proteins in neutrophil signal transduction, particularly the role of oligomeric G proteins in signal transduction. One concern in signal transduction research is the physiological significance of the presence of multiple forms of proteins that can have identical functions. One paper reviews phosphatidylcholine breakdown and hormone action in the rat liver, focusing on G proteins and on inositol phospholipid breakdown. This book also discusses calcium translocation in signal transduction, as well as, a novel signal transduction pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. This book can prove beneficial for biochemists, micro-biologists, cellular researchers, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology, physiology or oncology.

Schizophrenia Today is a collection of papers presenting conflicting viewpoints on schizophrenia and some focal subjects for future research. The book deals with the definition of schizophrenia and presents various advances in understanding the condition. The text surveys the problems of epidemiology and symptomatology in terms of the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Several papers present the societal and cultural aspects of the problem on issues of clinical overview; international collaboration in schizophrenia research; and the societal determinants of schizophrenic behavior. Other papers then discuss the genetic and biochemical approaches in dealing with schizophrenia. One paper concludes that genetic factors play a significant role in the etiology of schizophrenia. The text also reviews the studies conducted by Rolf Gjessing, establishing that mood changes in mental state are related to changes in autonomic activity, metabolic rate, and nitrogen balance. The book also discusses the pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches in treating the problem. One paper deals with the personal experience of the writer in using psychoanalysis for treating schizophrenia. The collection will prove valuable for psychiatrists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, and students and researchers dealing with mental diseases.

Processing and Presentation of Antigens brings together the views of immunologists, biochemists, cell biologists, and virologists who have a common interest in the early phases of the immune response. Antigen processing and presentation comprise a series of events that are much more complex and sophisticated than had been thought for a long time, and constitute an essential part of the biology of the immune response to T-dependent protein antigens. The book is organized into seven parts. Part I discusses the major advances and insights in antigen processing, some results on the interaction of antigen with class II MHC molecules, and the precise mechanism involved in antigen processing. Part II presents papers on endosomes, lysosomes, and recycling. Part III deals with studies on presentation in the context of class I MHC molecules. The chapters in Part IV examine interactions of antigens with class II MHC molecules. Part V contains papers on macrophages and dendritic cells as accessory cells. Part VI examines antigen presentation by B cells. Part VII covers studies on T cells.