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The electrocardiogram (ECG) remains the most accessible and inexpensive diagnostic tool to evaluate the patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial ischemia. It plays a crucial role in decision making about the aggressiveness of therapy especially in relation to reperfusion therapy, because such therapy has resulted in a considerable reduction in mortality from acute myocardial infarction. Several factors play a role in the amount of myocardial tissue that can be salvaged by reperfusion therapy, such as the time interval between onset of coronary occlusion and reperfusion, site and size of the jeopardized area, type of reperfusion attempt (thrombolytic agent or an intracoronary catheter intervention), presence or absence of risk factors for thrombolytic agents, etc. Most important in decision making on reperfusion therapy and the type of intervention is to look for markers indicating a higher mortality rate from myocardial infarction. The ECG is a reliable, inexpensive, non-invasive instrument to obtain that information. Recently it has become clear that both in anterior and inferior myocardial infarction, the ECG frequently allows not only to identify the infarct related coronary artery, but also the site of occlusion in that artery and therefore the size of the jeopardized area. Obviously, the more proximal the occlusion, the larger the area at risk and the more aggressive the reperfusion attempt.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of clinical entities, ranging from unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This book analyzes new research on the diagnosis and management of ACS. The first chapter reviews ethnic and gender differences in the diagnosis, risk factors and management of a multiethnic population in Malaysia. Chapter Two summarizes data from available studies conducted over the past last 30 years about pharmacologic reperfusion therapy including comparison with primary angioplasty. Chapter Three discusses the up-to-date available studies that have investigated consent in cardiology.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The almost exclusive cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including unstable angina, AMI with or without ST-segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death is atherothrombosis. This book discusses risk factors, emergency management and long-term health outcomes of myocardial infarctions. Some of the topics discussed include MI and cardiogenic shock; risk of MI in the pathophysiology and treatment of prostatic diseases; albuminuria; essential roles of monocytes/macrophages in ACI; and management of unstable angina/non-ST segment MI.

We all know someone who has suffered a heart attack. But how often do we learn the intimate, potentially life-saving details that accompany coronary disease? In The Sanctuary of Illness, Thomas Larson gives a powerful and personal inside tour of what happens when our arteries fail. He chronicles the three heart attacks in five years that he survived, and the emergency, life-saving surgeries that followed. Slowly waking up to the genetic legacy and dangerous diet that pushed him to the brink, he reveals a path to healing that he and his partner, Suzanna, discovered together. Told with urgency and sensitivity, The Sanctuary of Illness is a subtle reminder that heart disease seldom affects just one heart.

Sleep debt is a characteristic symptom of modern society, a society that provides services without interruption consumption over 24 hours with the help of teams undergo shift work, and encouraging individuals to use these services in unconventional times. Sleep loss can also be caused by neurological, psychiatric and medical disorders. The changes of sleep and wakefulness pattern are invariably linked with neurological disorders because of the common brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems that support brain function and regulation of sleep. The negative impact of changes in sleep health include metabolic and vascular outcomes such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. In mood, sleep impacts the emotional regulation, being co-morbid with depression and anxiety. The relationship of sleep with depression is bi-directional, as 90% of individuals with depression have sleep loss, and individuals with sleep disorders have depressive symptoms. This book provides new research on the prevalence, dangers and impacts on cognitive performance of sleep deprivation.

Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart diseases and the leading cause of death worldwide due to heart disease. It occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked by a buildup of cholesterol and other material at the inner wall of the artery. Limitation of blood flow to the heart causes ischemia of the myocardial cells. Myocardial cells may die from lack of oxygen and this is called a myocardial infarction – or more commonly: a heart attack. Treatment options include medication, surgery or catheter-based procedures. Several types of catheter-based procedures are available. During balloon angioplasty, a special balloon catheter is passed into the narrowed segment of the artery and expands the balloon, which thus opens the artery and compresses the blockage against the wall of the artery. Stents are very small metal mesh-tubes that can be inserted via a balloon catheter into the narrowed segment of the artery. When the balloon is inflated, the stent expands and is embedded into the artery vessel wall, which thus opens the previously narrowed segment of artery. The balloon is then deflated and removed along with the catheter, and the stent is left behind to serve as a metal framework for the artery. In case of drug eluting stents a certain amount of anti-flammating drug is loaded in the coating over the base stent. This drug is released at the wall of diseased artery so that restenosis cannot take place at the place of artery where the stent has been implanted. In this thesis a drug eluting stent was studied where there was a biodegradable coating over a bare metal stent in which there was some amount of therapeutic drug. The degradation of the biodegradable coating layer thickness was determined with respect to time which was actually representing the remaining drug concentration in the coating layer. Then using this variable drug concentration as the drug concentration at initial tissue layer concentration profile of drug in tissue layer with respect to time and position was determined using finite volume algorithm, where this algorithm was coded using MATLAB programming language.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disorder characterized by chronic and recurrent air flow obstruction that increases resistance and dynamic hyperinflation of the peripheral airways. Chapter One presents a system for classification of COPD, based on fuzzy rules and a trained neural network. In Chapter Two, surrogate outcomes (i.e., physiological and/or anatomical outcomes) and outcomes that matter to patients (i.e., patient-centered), commonly used in COPD respiratory physiotherapy interventions, during stable and exacerbations periods, will be presented and discussed according to their strengths and weaknesses. Chapter Three assesses the association of COPD with the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Coronary artery disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and throughout the world. This issue of the Heart Failure Clinics provides a contemporary and concise, yet extensive, review on all aspects of the management of patients with coronary artery disease. Topics include but are not limited to: Epidemiology, Traditional and Novel Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease; Acute Coronary Syndromes: Unstable Angina and Non–ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Calcium Scoring and Cardiac Computed Tomography; Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus; Cardiac Syndrome X; and Revascularization Options: Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a relatively new pathological concept in cardiovascular disease, originally described in the Japanese population at the beginning of the 1990s. It is a left ventricular dysfunction that resembles acute myocardial infarction. This book examines risk factors, discusses management options, and reviews long-term outlooks of TC. Chapter One and Chapter Two provide an overview of the pathogenesis, history, risk factors, management, and prognosis of TC. Chapter Three presents current knowledge on personality traits factors in TC. Chapter Four focuses on the types of arrhythmias that occur in patients with this syndrome. Chapter Five studies biomarkers in TC. Chapter Six and Chapter Seven discuss the roles of multimodal imaging in TC. Chapter Eight examines possible electrocardiogram (ECG) clues that can make a TC diagnosis more likely, and describes common and uncommon ECG features in TC, along with their temporal modifications. Chapter Nine reviews the connection of TC and dental procedures. In the last chapter, Chapter Ten, the authors describe the link between health-related quality of life (HRQL) and emotional burden subsequent to cardiac events in stress cardiomyopathy patients.

Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, is a disease afflicting almost 1 billion people worldwide. Some 70 million adults in the United States are affected by hypertension. The condition also affects about two million teens and children. It is called the'silent killer'due to the deleterious damaging effects, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, renal dysfunction, visual problems, among others, derived from hypertension. It is noteworthy that one-third of patients in this condition are not even aware they are hypertensive, as this disease is usually asymptomatic for many years, even decades, until it finally damages certain critical organs and the only reliable way to detect its occurrence is to regularly check blood pressure. Therefore, considerable effort has been devoted to ascertain the causes of hypertension, as well as the mechanisms damaging the organ function. Nevertheless, about 95% of cases have unknown causes and represent the primary or essential hypertension. This book presents an update of research advances contributing to a better understanding of relevant clinical models of hypertension, particularly; the involvement of the role of oxidative stress in various forms of hypertension as a still emerging subject. This paradigm could be applied to account for blood pressure elevation in the metabolic syndrome, renovascular disease, preeclampsia and chronic kidney disease, among others. These examples are discussed in the light of recent clinical and experimental studies providing a rational base for diagnosis and treatment of the diseases. Each chapter includes a synthesis of the mechanistic approach supported by the accumulated evidence to facilitate its comprehension.

ICD-10 Coding and Physician Language: Strategies for Complete Documentation, Third Edition Gloryanne Bryant, BS, RHIA, RHIT, CCS, CCDS Sold in packages of 25 copies! Written by highly respected coding expert Gloryanne Bryant, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCDS, this handbook provides the information coders and CDI professionals need to ensure physician documentation meets the ICD-10 specificity requirements necessary for accurate and compliant coding. It will help coders and CDI staff better understand what to look for in documentation and how to query physicians more effectively. The third edition has been updated to help ease the transition to ICD-10, which provides greater specificity than ICD-9 and will require far more specific documentation in the medical record. Each order includes 25 copies of this handbook to ensure that every coder and clinical documentation specialist receives a copy of this user-friendly resource. Table of Contents: Introduction Documentation Communication and Physician Queries Severity and Risk of Mortality ICD-10 Regulatory Scrutiny ICD-10 Coding Guidelines Acute Myocardial Infarction Adverse Effects of Medications Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse Anemia Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease and Angina Body Mass Index Chest Pain and Angina Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Coma Comfort Care or Palliative Care Comorbidities Coronary Artery Disease Delirium Dementia Fracture Reduction of Femur Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage or Bleed Heart Failure Hyperglycemia Hypertension Low Anterior Resection Malignancies and Neoplasms Malnutrition Obesity Pneumonia Postoperative Complications Pulmonary Edema Renal Failure Respiratory Failure Seizures Sepsis Stroke or Cerebrovascular Accident Symptoms Syncope Trauma Summary What's New: This handbook contains information about ICD-10 documentation requirements and coding.

Fundamentals of Family Medicine presents the common clinical problems encountered by generalists and, through case studies and discussion questions, enhances the reader's understanding of the process by which practitioners define, prioritize, and manage the diverse problems of many patients. Core chapters from the fourth edition of Family Medicine: Principles and Practice were selected and updated to cover: - Common acute problems such as otitis media - Common chronic problems such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension - Must-never-miss problems such as myocardial infarction - Problems under current investigation such as HIV - And areas of emphasis for family practitioners such as geriatric care, sports medicine, and domestic violence.

Textbook of Cardiology provides an insight into the clinical perspectives of cardiology and at the same time provides an overview into the historical aspects highlighting the evolution of various discoveries, innovations and therapies in cardiology from introduction to the present. The book is organized into several sections dealing with clinical cardiology, noninvasive cardiology, interventional cardiology, cardiac surgery and the future frontiers. The section on clinical cardiology begins with various chapters dealing with preventive, diagnostic and management aspects of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. The second section of the book deals with noninvasive cardiology. The third section of the book deals with the important topic of interventional cardiology. The last section points to expected refinements and future developments in cardiology, such as stem cell therapy, newer thrombolytics, new frontiers in balloon valvotomy and cardiac transplantation and artificial hearts. This book will be of interest to not only practicing cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, pediatric cardiologists, cardiac anesthetists but also to fellows and residents in training and research institutions, medical students and paramedical personnel as well as medical practitioners of all specialties to whom it will serve as a useful reference guide.

Is swimming a good activity for hypertension? Does exercise prevent pericarditis? Is regular exercise advised for people who have had a myocardial infarction? Physical activity improves the quality of life, and reduces major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, such as levels of cholesterol, overweight, and diabetes. Therefore, patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmias, hypertension, or heart failure, should exercise regularly. Physicians have the responsibility to promote regular physical activity, suggesting each patient the adequate exercise, safe and designed specifically for his/her health status. This book provides suggestions and guidelines, listing recommended exercises and sports that should be avoided.

Studies in Clinical Enzymology presents a critical review of the nature and diagnostic value of enzymes. It discusses the characteristics of iso-enzymes; the enzymes changes in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathies, and non-ischemic heart failure; and the characteristics of enzymes studied in African heart disease. Some of the topics covered in the book are the simple enzyme kinetics; classification of enzymes; description of activators and co-enzymes; mechanics of enzyme inhibition; effects of drugs in enzyme reactions; function of the cell membrane; distribution of enzymes; mechanism of enzyme increase; and enzyme changes in disease. The causes of increased phosphatase activity and the evaluation of molecular theory are discussed. An in-depth analysis of the use of iso-enzymes to determine the source of increased serum enzyme activity in disease is provided. The enzyme changes in congestive heart failure not due to myocardial infarction are presented. A chapter is devoted to the liver function and enzyme changes in hepatic amoebiasis. The book can provide useful information to cardiologists, biologists, students, and researchers.

This book serves as a practical and comprehensive guide to diagnosing and treating infections of the ears, nose, throat, and sinuses. This second edition updates the chapters from the first edition and adds five new chapters, including several on COVID-19. The 35 chapters have been contributed by otolaryngologists and infectious disease specialists who are experts in the field. Topics include common infections such as otitis media, otitis externa, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and acute bacterial sinusitis as well as less common infections such as mumps, scrofula, malignant otitis externa, Lemierre's syndrome, invasive fungal sinusitis, cervical lymphadenitis, and deep neck infections. Chronic sinusitis, antibiotic-resistant infections, labyrinthitis, human papillomavirus-related neoplasms, osteoradionecrosis of the mandible, and dental and oral cavity infections are also discussed. A newly added section addresses COVID-19 in otolaryngology, including infection prevention measures, upper respiratory tract manifestations, and the chronic loss of taste and smell that may follow the acute viral infection. Written with the practicing clinician in mind, this second edition of Infections of the Ears, Nose, Throat, and Sinuses will be an invaluable aid to otolaryngologists, infectious disease specialists, pediatricians, primary care providers, advanced practice providers, nurses, and other clinicians who provide care to patients with these types of infections.

This book is a comprehensive guide on microbiome research, from the fundamentals of to the latest advancements in microbiome-based therapeutics. The initial chapters introduce the concept of the human microbiome delving into the intricate relationship between the human host and its microbiome. The chapter also examines the various tools and techniques used in microbiome research and the role of computational biology in analyzing vast amounts of microbiome data. The subsequent chapters review the role of the microbiome in various health conditions, including metabolic disorders, immunological disorders, gastrointestinal tract disorders, management of cancers, metabolic disorders, and mental health disorders. Towards the end, the book examines the regulatory considerations surrounding microbiome-based therapeutics, and ethical considerations surrounding microbiome-based therapeutics. This book is a comprehensive and cutting-edge guide for researchers, healthcare professionals, and students interested in the field of microbiome research and its potential for transforming healthcare.

This book offers an insightful exploration of drug repurposing, an innovative approach to drug discovery and development that has the potential to revolutionize the field of medicine. It begins with an introduction to drug repurposing and its history, providing a comprehensive overview of the subject. The readers will embark on a journey through the diverse landscape of drug repurposing strategies. From in silico methods of predicting drug-disease associations to experimental approaches to the integrations of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in drug repurposing for validating repurposed candidates. The book also delves into the application of drug repurposing in various disease areas, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, and CNS disorders. It explores the potential hurdles involved in the regulatory aspects of the process. The book further covers drug products under clinical trials and provides an overview of the future perspectives of drug repurposing. With its detailed and informative content, this book is a must-read for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals interested in the exciting field of drug repurposing.

Understanding the complex interplay between food safety, nutrition, bioscience, and data algorithms is crucial for effectively managing autoimmune diseases. However, the current literature often needs a comprehensive resource that integrates these disciplines, leaving researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals needing a clearer understanding of how to apply these concepts in practice. This gap in knowledge hinders the development of personalized nutrition plans and precision health interventions, ultimately limiting the effectiveness of autoimmune disease management strategies. Nutrition Controversies and Advances in Autoimmune Disease brings to the table more than a mere theoretical guide. It offers practical applications and case studies that bring to life the latest research and developments in the fields of food safety, nutrition, bioscience, and data algorithms. By integrating these disciplines, the book provides readers with the knowledge and tools to develop personalized nutrition plans and implement precision health interventions for autoimmune diseases, making it a valuable resource for anyone in the field. This book caters to a diverse audience, including researchers, clinicians, dieticians, nutritionists, students, academics, and food industry professionals. It is a valuable reference on the interplay between food, nutrition, bioscience, and data science for autoimmune disease management. By providing cutting-edge insights and techniques, Nutrition Controversies and Advances in Autoimmune Disease empowers readers to make informed decisions that can improve patient outcomes and advance our understanding of autoimmune diseases.

This book examines the development and applications of system biology approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and understanding of disease mechanisms. It explores the applications of system biology in infectious diseases, including host-pathogen interaction, and the identification of targets for new therapeutics and intervention strategies. It covers the use of system biology for understanding and treating metabolic disorders towards personalized and precision medicine. The book further discusses the systems biology approaches for understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression and designing more effective cancer therapies. The chapter also reviews the current strategies in autoimmune disease treatment and highlights the opportunity that systems biology represents for the development of better and safer treatments. Importantly, the book discusses the current state of the systems-level understanding of diseases and both the therapeutic and adverse mechanisms of drug actions usingsystem biology approaches. Cutting across the disciplines, this book is a valuable source for researchers in genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, microbiology, and biomedical sciences.​

'This book examines the role of health literacy not only in informing the public but also on building a culture of cooperation between the healthcare systems and their users, helping readers navigate through the health-related information, accessing accurate and reliable information and acting upon it'--

In a world where kidney injury poses an ever-growing threat to human health due to aging populations and changing lifestyles, understanding and combating renal diseases have never been more critical.This book delves into cutting-edge renal disease research, where rapid developments have illuminated new technologies for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The book systematically and comprehensively addresses clinical issues related to kidney diseases, where readers can explore topics such as hypoxia-inducible factors and renal anemia, pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, PLA2R antibodies and membranous nephropathy, immune nephropathy treatments using biological agents, renal glucose and energy metabolism, the application of SGLT2 inhibitors, and mechanisms of renal fibrosis.Written by over thirty experts who are actively shaping the field of nephrology in China and the USA, this book offers profound insights to understanding renal diseases, making it an indispensable resource for researchers, clinicians, and readers seeking to grow their knowledge on the scientific issues of kidney disease.

Lupus, a disease of the immune system, can be quite deadly, claiming the lives of thousands of patients yearly. Dr. Daniel J. Wallace is one of the world's leading authorities on this disorder, an eminent clinician who has treated over 3,000 lupus patients, the largest such practice in America. His The Lupus Book, originally published in 1995, immediately established itself as the most readable and helpful book on the disease. Now Dr. Wallace has once again completely revised The Lupus Book, incorporating a wealth of new information. This book discusses new drug information and newly discovered information about the pathology of the disease all laid out in user-friendly language that any patient could understand. In particular, Wallace discusses the first drug for lupus to be approved by the FDA--belimumab (Benlysta)--as well as other drugs in clinical trials. Readers will also discover sections on the science of lupus and breakthroughs in research including: genetics, microbiome, and clinical trial methodology. And as in past editions, the book provides absolutely lucid answers to such questions as: What causes lupus? How and where is the body affected? Can a woman with lupus have a baby? And how can one manage this disease? Indeed, Dr. Wallace has distilled his extensive experience, providing the most up-to-date information on causes, prevention, cure, exercise, diet, and many other important topics. There is also a glossary of terms and an appendix of lupus resource materials compiled by Dr. Wallace. This new seventh edition discusses new treatments, review of pathogenesis, new laboratory tests

This heavily revised second edition comprehensively examines the causes and effects of obesity, both on the human body as well as society as a whole. The significance obesity plays in the development of a variety of lethal and non-lethal diseases is discussed, and the prevention and treatment of obesity are looked at in detail. Treatment strategies such as bariatric surgical techniques and descriptions of how to apply the latest assessment technologies are provided for obese adult and pediatric patients. A new section to this edition covers the impact of COVID-19 on obese patients and how it can create extra complications. Obesity: Clinical, Surgical and Practical Guide describes how to best treat and manage individuals with obesity utilizing the latest methodologies. Furthermore, it brings together a large number of international specialists in their field, making it a valuable resource for gastroenterologists, surgeons, researchers, dieticians, physicians, and healthcare providers.

Heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes can be described as non-communicable diseases and are now some of the leading causes of mortality around the world. These diseases result in huge burdens not only for the families involved, but also for society. In this book you will find information and discussion on cervical cancer screening, oral health status, intention to quit smoking, biological and behavioural NCD risk factors, yoga practice, low physical activity, dental service utilisation, dyslipidaemia, sedentary behaviour, soft drink consumption, non-work participation, undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, and undiagnosed, diagnosed and total hypertension in ten countries including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Ecuador, Eswatini, India, Jordan, Myanmar, and Tonga. It is hoped that findings from these papers may aid public policy and programmes for the prevention and control of non-communicable disease risk factors in lower income countries.

This book comprehensively describes bone metabolism and diverse bone metabolic disorders from an endocrine medicine perspective. Moreover, it addresses not only common bone diseases, but also more recent discoveries concerning rare skeletal disorders. Recognizing endocrinologists'growing interest in the field of bone metabolism, it provides expert guidance and represents an innovative and unique compendium. The book is intended as a major reference source for endocrinologists, basic and clinical scientists alike. It is published as part of the SpringerReference program, which offers access to “living” editions constantly updated through a dynamic peer-review publishing process

This book aims to understand the inherent circadian cycles of biological processes and their role in maintaining health and healing a variety of diseases. The book is divided into eight sections. The first section introduces circadian rhythms and aging. The second section focuses on the detailed mechanistic approach of oscillatory pathways in mammals. The next section summarizes the sensitivity of the biological clock towards light and the circadian response to melatonin in mammals. The fourth section addresses the circadian architecture at the cellular level and introduces an age-dependent experimental model of rodents for subsequent biochemical and molecular investigations. The subsequent section covers the complexity of circadian regulation in mitochondrial dynamics and its impact on aging. The sixth section of the book discusses the findings obtained from different experimental approaches as a critical threat to the functioning of clock regulatory mechanisms and its associated health consequences during aging in humans and animal models. The circadian oscillatory mechanisms that are dysregulated and might play an important role in the development and progression of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), etc are discussed in the next section. Towards the end, the book explores the circadian clock as a possible drug target to restore circadian oscillations.

The book addresses contemporary challenges related to chronicity in the context of life and health. The book is structured across 11 core axes to aid healthcare professionals in understanding the topic. The axes address issues such as health promotion and quality of life, the transition from ephemerality to chronicity throughout life, the presence of chronicity in childhood and adolescence, violence against transgender people, the coexistence of communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases in the community, work-related chronic diseases, chronicity in the elderly, and strategies for sustainable development in this context. It discusses the importance of palliative care for patients facing finitude and explores the role of spirituality in coping with chronicity. In summary, the book aims to present a comprehensive and multidimensional perspective on chronicity, providing valuable insights for the teaching, research, extension, and care sectors.

Cytokine Storm Syndromes, including HLH and MAS, are frequently fatal disorders, particularly if not recognized early and treated during presentation. The genetics of Cytokine Storm Syndromes are being defined with many of the risk alleles giving rise to mutations in the perforin-mediated cytolytic pathway used by CD8 cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. These are being studied using murine models. Up to 10% of the general population may carry risk alleles for developing Cytokine Storm Syndromes, and Cytokine Storm Syndromes are being increasingly recognized around the world in pediatric and adult hospitals. A variety of infectious, rheumatic, and oncologic triggers are commonly associated with Cytokine Storm Syndromes, but understanding this disorder is critical for all researchers and physicians to ensure timely and appropriate therapy. This second edition addresses all aspects of the disorder, from genetics, pathophysiology, and ongoing research, to clinical presentations, risk factors and treatment. New-to-this-edition features include dedicated chapters on severe COVID-19 CSS, and post-COVID CSS of multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). In addition, novel topics including CSS associated with Castleman disease, pregnancy, therapeutics, transplantation, and cardiac bypass, as well as treatment with JAK inhibitors are addressed.

This book covers all aspects of dialysis, including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and other extracorporeal therapies. It explains applied anatomy, physiology, and theoretical aspects of dialysis in question-and-answer format. It also deals with practical and clinical aspects involved in the day-to-day care of dialysis patients.The book is divided into small chapters which provide a comprehensive systematic approach to various aspects of dialysis. This book guides nephrology trainees and dialysis technology students to understand various aspects of dialysis, from the basics to the advanced areas.This book covers all areas of dialysis that a nephrology trainee and renal dialysis technology student is expected to know. The question-and-answer format will help the student to prepare for the questions, which are helpful to pass in theory, practical, or viva exams.

18 million deaths annually worldwide are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD); this renders CVD the most severe pandemic that we must face. This book aims to fill a gap in the literature on how flawed our approach is to prevent and treat CVD. Our current practice, which focuses on attacking only the cholesterol using statins, is both short-sighted and ineffective. A different approach is suggested in this book, regarding personalised lifestyle and diet choices. Such an approach focuses on the chronic inflammation which causes the formation of thrombus in our arteries, which is the first step to the onset of CVD.All scientific jargon has been left out and the relevant scientific literature is presented in an easy to follow and understandable way. This book is useful to everyone who wishes to understand how we can prevent CVD without medication but instead through a healthy diet and lifestyle choices.

This book provides recent advances in the understanding of the central processes in the resolution of inflammation. It also describes the active, specialized pathways that bring the resolution of inflammation. Further, the book examines the key molecular and cellular events that are involved in the resolution of inflammation processes involved in tissue repair and regain of physiological function. Importantly, it sheds light on the cellular and molecular processes through which conventional inflammatory cytokines control mammalian tissue repair and regeneration. It also explores the perturbation of processes that are involved in the resolution of inflammation with aging and reviews clinical trials of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapies. Towards the end, the book discusses the role of inflammation in the development and progression of cancer. This book is an invaluable resource for scientists, academicians, and research scholars interested in the latest cutting-edge knowledge in the field of immunology, inflammation, inflammation resolution, and inflammatory diseases. ​

Howard P. Greenwald takes an incisive look at how class, race, sex, psychological state, type of health care, and available treatments affect one's chance of surviving cancer. Drawing on a ten-year survival study of cancer patients, he synthesizes medical, epidemiological, and psychosocial research in a uniquely interdisciplinary and eye-opening approach to the question of who survives cancer and why. Scientists, health care professionals, philanthropists, government agencies, and the public all agree that significant resources must be allocated to fight this dreaded disease. But what is the most effective way to do it? Greenwald argues that our priorities have been misplaced and calls for a fundamental rethinking of the way the American medical establishment deals with cancer. He asserts that prevention and experimental therapy have only limited value, whereas the availability of conventional medical care has a greater influence on cancer survival. Class and race become strikingly significant in predicting who has access to health care and thus can obtain medical treatment in a timely, effective manner. Greenwald counters the popular notion that personality and psychological factors strongly affect survival, and he underscores the importance of early detection. His research shows that health maintenance organizations, while sometimes prone to delays, offer low-income patients a better chance of ultimate survival. Greenwald pleads for immediate attention to the inadequacies and inequalities in our health care delivery system that deter patients from seeking early medical care. Instead of focusing on research and the hope for a breakthrough cure, Greenwald urges renewed emphasis on ensuring available health care to all Americans. In its challenge to the thrust of much biomedical research and its critique of contemporary American health care, as well as in its fresh and often counterintuitive look at cancer survival, Who Survives Cancer? is invaluable for policymakers, health care professionals, and anyone who has survived or been touched by cancer. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1992.

More than 85% of people with diabetes receive their diabetes care in the primary care setting. With the busy primary care practitioner in mind, Everyday Diabetes in Primary Care: A Case-Based Approach offers dozens of diabetes cases in an easy-to-digest format—each representing a common clinical question that clinicians face in this common and complex area. For every case, fellowship-trained diabetologist Dr. Jay Shubrook shares his considerable expertise, providing authoritative, real-world guidance for your day-to-day management of patients with diabetes.

This book systematically describes the achievements and current situation of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) industry in China. It consists of twelve parts, including the overview on the IVD industry in China in 2021, hot technologies and products of IVD industry, academic, technological and product development in the field of IVD, such as biochemical diagnosis, immune-diagnosis, point-of-care testing, molecular diagnosis, blood and body fluid diagnosis, microbial detection, laboratory assembly line, etc.In this second edition, the new contents added include the development of new coronavirus molecular diagnostic products, flight mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, tumor markers, ELISA immune reagents, autoimmune diagnostics, concomitant diagnosis, fecal and intestinal microecology detection, pathological diagnosis, raw materials for in vitro diagnostic reagents, standard substances and quality controls for in vitro diagnostic reagents, etc., making the content of the whole book more novel and rich.This book is compiled by an editorial committee composed of well-known entrepreneurs, experts and professors in IVD industry in China. It is a reference book for practitioners of IVD industry, medical laboratory and medical staffs all over the world.

Environmental risk factors – noise, air pollution, chemical agents, and ultraviolet radiation – impact human health by contributing to the onset and progression of noncommunicable diseases. Accordingly, there is need for preclinical and clinical studies and comprehensive summary of major findings. This book is a state-of-the-art summary of these myriad severe life stressors. The chapters on the different pollutants focus on disease mechanisms (cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic disorders) and on oxidative stress and inflammation. The editors emphasize emerging mechanisms based on dysregulation of the circadian clock, the microbiome, epigenetic pathways, and cognitive function by environmental stressors, and introduce the exposome concept while highlighting existing research gaps.Key Features: Links various environmental stressors to the incidence of noncommunicable diseases Includes chapters on airborne toxins, chemical pollutants, noise, and ultraviolet radiation stressors Contributions from an international team of leading researchers Summarizes the impacts of stressors on disease mechanisms

This book presents methods and tools of network biology and bioinformatics for understanding the disease dynamics and identification of drug targets. The initial section of chapters introduce the theoretical aspects followed by the different applications for construction and analysis of biological networks, methods for identifying crucial nodes in networks, and network dynamics. The book covers the latest advances in the network medicine, exploring the different types of biological networks, and their applications. It further reviews the role of R language in the network-based approaches that help in understanding biological systems and identifying biological functions. Towards the end, the book explores the recent developments and applications in machine learning and its potential for advancing network biology. Finally, the book elucidates a comprehensive yet a representative description of challenges associated with the understanding of disease dynamics using network biology. Given its scope, the book is intended for researchers and advanced postgraduate students of bioinformatics, computational biology, and medical sciences. ​

Natural Immunomodulators: Promising Therapy for Disease Management discusses the use of natural immunomodulators as a promising therapy for managing various diseases.The book begins with an introduction to the immune system and the ways in which it can be modulated. This is followed by a discussion on the various diseases and disorders associated with the immune system, including autoimmune disorders, allergies, and immune deficiency conditions.The natural sources of immunomodulators, including plants, herbs, and other natural substances is also explained along with the importance of standardizing natural immunomodulator drugs, including the methods used to ensure their quality and consistency.The book also delves into the chemistry and analytical techniques used to study immunomodulators, clinical and pre-clinical bioassays. The next couple of chapters focus on the use of natural immunomodulators in cancer, the therapy of cancer and infectious diseases. Drug delivery and the strategy and regulatory perspective for natural immunomodulators. The final 2 chapters round up the contents with information about synthetic immunomodulators and the future perspective for the use of immunomodulators in disease management.Natural Immunomodulators: Promising Therapy for Disease Management is a comprehensive guide to the use of natural immunomodulators as a therapy for various diseases, and is a valuable resource for professionals and students interested in this topic. The book is aimed at health care professionals such as medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and life science and nutritionist professionals, as well as students.

This book provides an overview of the essential characteristics and clinical applications of therapeutic proteins against human diseases, including cancers, immune disorders, infections, and other diseases. It presents the latest advancements in protein engineering techniques for producing desirable therapeutic proteins. The book also covers the strategies used to formulate and deliver systemic therapeutic proteins, approved protein therapeutics and their targets, and pharmacogenetic biomarkers. Further, it discusses challenges associated with the clinical implications of therapeutic proteins, including safety, immunogenicity, protein stability, degradation, and efficacy. It illustrates the development of biosimilar antibodies, optimization strategies for producing biobetter antibodies, and presents fundamental concepts about biosuperior therapeutics. Lastly, it includes a discussion about protein-based vaccines against bacterial and viral infections.

What causes anxiety to be so prevalent in so many people? How is it best prevented and treated? What can patients and physicians do to better understand this common medical issue? Anxiety is a component of many physical and mental disorders, from depression to PTSD. Unfortunately, not many patients find relief in the associated therapies and medications, and simply adding more of the same often causes other disorders. Additionally, many who suffer from anxiety may in fact have other, anxiety-like conditions, such as the frequently misdiagnosed postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), which can make any attempt at treatment futile. But now, with Anxiety and Dysautonomia: Do I Have POTS or Autonomic Dysfunction?, Donald J. Parker and physicians Joseph Colombo and Nicholas L. DePace aim to show, with a simplified analysis and discussion focusing on this common patient complaint and how best to treat it, that no longer does anxiety need to be merely managed with the forced lifestyle changes that are often required. Topics covered include: ​ Parasympathetic and Sympathetic (P&S) dysfunctions that lead to anxiety-like conditions, plus clear concepts of anxiety and anxiety-like symptoms, the six-pronged Mind-Body Wellness Program, and the P&S nervous systems. How many of these anxiety-like conditions are actually caused by a lack of proper blood flow to the brain, which may cause mild symptoms of depression, fatigue, malaise, brain fog, and cognitive and memory difficulties, sleep difficulties, and more. The way these issues, when exacerbated, may trigger “adrenaline storms” that cycle the anxiety-like symptoms. Treatments that in many cases enable a return to a “normal” (as defined by the patient) quality of life, including natural therapies to relieve symptoms and promote wellness. Presenting discussions with patients and doctors side-by-side to help physicians see how to present information to their patients and patients to learn what physicians need to know to tailor therapy to their individual needs, Anxiety and Dysautonomia is an essential resource for anyone concerned with anxiety and anxiety-like disorders, from medical professionals to patients to family and friends.

This volume is a practical guide of theranostics using intraoperative fluorescence imaging technology, as an all-out effort by the Japanese Society for Fluorescence Guided Surgery. It describes the various approaches the technique is being used such as vascular imaging, identification of lymphatic vessels by intratissue injection, lymph node imaging, and imaging for identification of anatomical structures. The book is organized into three major parts and the first one delivers the basics, introducing the use of the technology in clinical settings and initial setups. Next comes the description of clinical applications where chapters illustrate perfusion assessment, cancer localization, anatomy visualization, and lymph nodes/ducts mapping. Each chapter is devoted to the specific surgical field and disease areas, presenting images and videos of case studies. The last part presents some upcoming techniques for treatments. The Editor and the authors wish the ideas presented here will behints to bridge the knowledge between surgeons and basic researchers for further innovation and practicality. It is important to stay up-to-date since intraoperative fluorescence imaging has been applied to clinical settings in various surgical fields and at the same time, novel techniques improving the efficacy of the technology have also been developed actively. Fluorescence-Guided Surgery – From Lab to Operation Room is recommended for surgeons, operating nurses, medical experts, basic researchers and, industry engineers worldwide beyond boundaries of specialties. Edited and written by experts of The Japanese Society for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery, those who are the founders of the technology, it describes the accurate development history and cutting-edge techniques based on the knowledge accumulated over the years. ​

Diseases of the heart are the leading cause of death in the Western world. Health professionals and the general public alike eagerly watch advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart disease. Yet the more spectacular aspects of medical progress in the field are often reported prematurely and their potential benefits exaggerated. Written in clear, accessible language, this book presents an authoritative and balanced picture of how heart diseases are recognized and managed. From his many years of experience, Dr. Selzer believes a well-informed patient can cooperate more successfully with a physician, and his book includes information vital to anyone confronting heart problems and cardiac emergencies. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1992.

Resolving the Cholesterol Controversy recounts the science and scientific personalities behind the chain of discoveries upon which the lipid hypothesis of atherosclerosis was built.The narrative covers a period of just under 100 years, starting with Anitschkow's experiments with cholesterol-fed rabbits in 1913, and recounts the endeavours and achievements of the leading actors in this protracted scientific drama. The cast is drawn from an extraordinary variety of scientific disciplines: pathology, biophysics, epidemiology, nutrition, cardiology, lipidology, genetics, microbiology, pharmacology, and clinical trial design. Most of the scientists believed that cholesterol played a causal role in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, but there were some who dissented strongly from this conclusion.The breadth of scientific disciplines involved in proving the lipid hypothesis is matched by the geographical spread of the participants. Anitschkow worked in Russia, Endo discovered the first statin in Japan, their commercial development by Merck took place in the USA and evidence of benefit from lowering cholesterol came from trials conducted in Scandinavia and the UK. The subsequent meta-analysis of these statin trials in 2005 proved the validity of the lipid hypothesis beyond any doubt. The history of how this all came about and its impact upon health policy and medical practice is recalled here in Resolving the Cholesterol Controversy.

Autoimmune diseases occur when the body's immune system malfunctions and mistakenly attacks healthy cells, tissues, and organs. Strong data on the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases are limited, but a 2009 study estimated the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in the U.S. to be 7.6 to 9.4 percent, or 25 to 31 million people today. This estimate, however, includes only 29 autoimmune diseases, and it does not account for increases in prevalence in the last decade. By some counts, there are around 150 autoimmune diseases, which are lifelong chronic illnesses with no known cures. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to assess the autoimmune disease research portfolio of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Enhancing NIH Research on Autoimmune Disease finds that while NIH has made impressive contributions to research on autoimmune diseases, there is an absence of a strategic NIH-wide autoimmune disease research plan and a need for greater coordination across the institutes and centers to optimize opportunities for collaboration. To meet these challenges, this report calls for the creation of an Office of Autoimmune Disease/Autoimmunity Research in the Office of the Director of NIH. The Office could facilitate NIH-wide collaboration, and engage in prioritizing, budgeting, and evaluating research. Enhancing NIH Research on Autoimmune Disease also calls for the establishment of long term systems to collect epidemiologic and surveillance data and long term studies (20+ years) to study disease across the life course. Finally, the report provides an agenda that highlights research needs that crosscut many autoimmune diseases, such as understanding the effect of environmental factors in initiating disease.

'Pharmacological Benefits of Natural Agents compiles the beneficial effects of bioactive natural agents with reference to many disease conditions and considers the challenges and future directions for their use. Covering key topics such as cancer, pharmaceutical activities, bioactive compounds, and treatments, this reference work is ideal for medical professionals, pharmacists, biologists, policymakers, researchers, scholars, practitioners, academicians, instructors, and students'--

The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) administers the Social Security Disability Insurance program and the Supplemental Security Income program. As part of their process, immune system disorders are evaluated under Listing of Impairments 14.00 for adults and 114.00 for children. At the request of the SSA, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine assembled a committee to review selected conditions related to the immune system. In particular, the SSA was interested in the current status of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of immune system disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, polymyositis, Sjögren's syndrome/disease, and inflammatory arthritis. This report provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these immune system disorders in the U.S. population and the relative levels of functional limitation typically associated with them, common treatments, and other considerations.

This book offers exciting and often surprising insights into a hundred different diseases that have occurred over the past hundred years. The period the authors focus on runs from 1923, when the Catholic University in Nijmegen, now Radboud University, was founded, to 2023, the year the university celebrates its centenary. Each disease described has its place within this century, assigned for scientific and/or social and historical reasons. Thus, this book can be read as a series of descriptions of temporally placed degenerative disorders, inflammations, infections, malignant neoplasms, immunological diseases, developmental disorders, genetic diseases and psychiatric disorders. Each disease description is accompanied by vivid illustrations, mostly from the Museum of Anatomy and Pathology collection at Radboud University Medical Centre. Each disease description also includes a critical commentary and a brief historical framework. Where relevant, scientific findings by Dutch, and in particular Nijmegen researchers, are highlighted. Finally, each disease description contains an English summary. Over honderd ziekten (A Century of Diseases) is accessible to a broad audience interested in pathology, ranging from staff and students of Radboud University and Radboudumc to those involved in every conceivable facet of health care - including, of course, patients.

Aging is an irreversible natural process; we as humans develop many age-related disadvantages impacting many aspects of our life. Aging is not a negative process, but the ever-increasing band of the aging population creates a different socioeconomic and healthcare cost-associated risk that may hinder the sustainable development goals of any country and the world in general. Thus, the primary purpose of this book is to cover all aspects of the aging population. Each chapter in this book will give its readers a comprehensive understanding of how an aging population affects public programs such as pension plans, social welfare aids, healthcare costs, asset loss, and labor income, including chapters focusing on the demographic distribution of age-related diseases and injuries that increase healthcare cost, current social psychological reforms, and scientific research work adopted continent wise towards sustaining the aging population. Therefore, this book is helpful for students, teachers, and practitioners studying/working in the broad areas of social sciences, economics, and scientific research advancements in aging. This book serves as a bridge toward planning and developing new policies and practices.

The novel viral pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has sparked uncertainties and controversies as to its origin, epidemiology, and natural course. In this situation, the medical disciplines have strived to contribute to a better understanding of the disease with the best available evidence gained from the scientific method of observation and statistics. The study of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 has evolved with the hope that they may be useful as markers for the disease, for prognostication, and further insights into the pathogenesis of the disease manifestations. In the wake of COVID-19, we have decided to take a more general look at the hair and scalp in infectious disease. Specifically, we must recognize that infectious diseases have wider preconditions besides the infectious agents, to include environmental and societal factors. Unless we also take account of the ecological, immunological, and behavioral circumstances that affect the emergence and spread ofinfectious diseases, including those of the hair and scalp, our knowledge of the pathogens and their connection to clinical disease presentation remain only partial and incomplete. This book aims at illustrating in detail the environmental and individual preconditions, the pathogens, the clinical presentations, and the management of the infectious diseases that affect the hair and scalp, to include superficial and deep bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, infestations, systemic infectious diseases causing hair loss, their effective treatment, and their prevention. Hair in Infectious Disease offers a complete overview of infectious hair disease and guides the practitioner in the choice of the best treatment; it will be a valued companion to board-certified dermatologists and dermatologists in training.