Search

Cytokine Storm Syndromes, including HLH and MAS, are frequently fatal disorders, particularly if not recognized early and treated during presentation. The genetics of Cytokine Storm Syndromes are being defined with many of the risk alleles giving rise to mutations in the perforin-mediated cytolytic pathway used by CD8 cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. These are being studied using murine models. Up to 10% of the general population may carry risk alleles for developing Cytokine Storm Syndromes, and Cytokine Storm Syndromes are being increasingly recognized around the world in pediatric and adult hospitals. A variety of infectious, rheumatic, and oncologic triggers are commonly associated with Cytokine Storm Syndromes, but understanding this disorder is critical for all researchers and physicians to ensure timely and appropriate therapy. This second edition addresses all aspects of the disorder, from genetics, pathophysiology, and ongoing research, to clinical presentations, risk factors and treatment. New-to-this-edition features include dedicated chapters on severe COVID-19 CSS, and post-COVID CSS of multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). In addition, novel topics including CSS associated with Castleman disease, pregnancy, therapeutics, transplantation, and cardiac bypass, as well as treatment with JAK inhibitors are addressed.

The handbook comprehensively reviews the therapeutic potential of stem cells and stem cell secretome-based cell-free strategies in regenerative medicine. The chapters in section I and section II respectively discuss the diverse applications of mesenchymal stem cells and non- mesenchymal stem cells, including skeletal myoblasts, endothelial progenitor cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and neuronal stem cells in myocardial repair, inflammatory bowel disease, cognitive deficits, wound healing, retinal disorders, and COVID-19. The subsequent chapters in section IIIprimarily focused on the fast-emerging cell-free therapy approach in regenerative medicine for tissue repair and regeneration. These chapters review the impact of stem cell-derived secretome on various biological processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tissue repair, immunomodulation, musculoskeletal pathologies, wound healing, anti-fibrotic, and anti-tumorigenesis for tissue maintenance and regeneration.Lastly, section IV summarizes miscellaneous aspects of cell-based therapy, includingthe treatment advantages, opportunities, and shortcomings in stem cell-based therapy, potentially helping to refine future studies and translate them from experimental to clinical studies. Moreover, this section also has chapters on cancer stem cells as novel targets in cancer therapeutics. This Major Reference Book (MRW) is a valuable resource for researchers involved in stem cell research to understand the multifaceted therapeutic applications of stem cells and their derivative secretome in regenerative medicine.​

This book brings awareness to a neglected condition that is nevertheless prevalent world-wide. Much focus is justly given to pulmonary tuberculosis, one of the key medical scourges of humanity, but this disease also often manifests itself in organs outside of the lungs. There is however a surprising lack of information available on extrapulmonary TB, which this book aims to remedy. Specifically, research, as well as epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment options, are discussed in detail by an international list of experts. This comprehensive product serves as a valuable resource to numerous fields of medicine due to the presence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis throughout the human body.

This comprehensive volume provides a platform from which both major and minor infectious diseases related issues are addressed in-depth among this highly susceptible population. The book begins with an overview of infections in various modalities. This is followed by chapters on clinical disorders, etiologic agents, therapeutics, and infection prevention. Chapters include easy-to-follow figures and tables, radiologic images, and pictorial demonstrations of various disease states to familiarize and reacquaint the transplant clinicians and surgeons in practice and training, and those belonging to subspecialties providing supportive care for these patients. Discussions to enumerate the noninfectious causes that mimic infectious diseases; clinical relevance and effective utility of existing and emerging diagnostic tools are presented throughout the book. Authored by leaders in their fields, this book is the go-to reference for management of patients undergoing hematopoietic and solid organ transplantation.

Natural killer (NK) cells are important effector cells of innate immune system implicated in many physiological processes including elimination of cancer cells and virus infected cells. NK cells comprise a majority of large granular lymphocytes circulating in peripheral blood with a minority derived from T cell lineage. Even though NK cells were first described more than 40 years ago, it was not until the 1980s and 1990s when immunophenotyping was incorporated into clinical diagnostic methods and resulted in discovery of distinct disorders of large granular lymphocytes and NK cells. Since then, significant progress was made in our better understanding of immunophenotypic and genotypic characteristics, biology, functions as well as disorders of these cells. Most recently, clinical studies using NK-cell based immunotherapy have shown promising results in treatment of some of malignant diseases. Disorders of large granular lymphocytes and NK cells are rare comprising only about 1% of all lymphoid malignancies in western countries. The rarity of these conditions was a main reason that the progress in our understanding of pathogenesis and development of novel therapeutic approaches has been delayed compared to development in more common B cell lymphoid malignancies. The low incidence of these diseases and scarcity of prospective clinical trials also limit the availability of evidence based research literature as well as comprehensive reviews about NK cell disorders. Thus, the editors decided to take on the challenging task and summarize our current knowledge about malignant and benign diseases of large granular lymphocytes in this book based on the best available evidence. The editors selected topics most relevant to clinical practice in order to provide a useful guide for practicing physicians. Chapters describing four disorders (T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cells, extranodal NK cell lymphoma and aggressive NK cell leukemia) incorporated into most recent 2016 revision of classification of lymphoid malignancies are separated into experimental, diagnositc and clinical parts for easier understanding and reading. We are aware of challenges and inherited limitations of any larger project like this one due to a rapid progress especially in the field of genomics, which may not be incorporated in this book before it is published. The editors and contributing authors would like to thank the publisher NOVA for their support.

El síndrome de Sjögren es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica que afecta principalmente a las mujeres luego de la cuarta década de la vida. Se caracteriza por la resequedad de las mucosas, principalmente ocular y oral. Puede presentarse como una entidad única o coexistir con otras enfermedades autoinmunes (Poliautoinmunidad). Esta segunda edición del Síndrome de Sjögren cuenta con la participación de ochenta y cuatro autores, expertos en cada de uno de los temas abordados en cuarenta y tres capítulos, agrupados en seis secciones que tratan la definición de la enfermedad y los aspectos históricos, el compromiso oral y oftalmológico, la inmunopatogénesis, las manifestaciones clínicas y sistémicas, la relación con el medio ambiente (ecología autoinmune) incluyendo los virus, la crioglobulinemia y la linfoproliferación, el diagnóstico diferencial, el tratamiento local y sistémico. Esta es una obra útil para los estudiantes de medicina, los residentes de diversas especialidades médicas y quirúrgicas, médicos internistas y especialistas en todas las áreas involucradas en la atención de pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren. El libro es rico en tablas y figuras que hacen su lectura amena y facilitan su comprensión.

This book presents original results on the leading edge of cancer research. Chapter One explains unanswered questions of contemporary oncology from the standpoint of karyogamic theory of carcinogenesis. Chapter Two focuses on the molecular players of the human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infection leading to chronic inflammation and cancer. Chapter Three describes Multiple Myeloma (MM), and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS). Chapter Four reviews the role of choline metabolites as second messengers in cellular pathways leading to enhanced cell survival, migration, and proliferation to explore the possibility that in-vivo imaging of choline metabolism can be used to obtain readouts of cell signal transduction in cancer. Chapter Five investigates the possible correlation between anatomic melanoma distribution on the specific back area and lack of sunscreen application. Chapter Six describes the known molecular mechanisms of epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in malignant neuroblastoma that can help find new directions for future research. Chapter Seven discusses the burdens of childhood cancer survivorship and the consequences of different treatment therapies on the incidence of CVD and explores potential monitoring methods and the need for consistent cardiovascular monitoring of childhood cancer survivors regarding their cardiovascular health. Finally, Chapter Eight considers a model for implementing recommendations pertaining to Lynch syndrome, and also looks at what is happening in the field now to support Lynch syndrome genetic testing and surveillance, and how a deliberative conference can point the way to changes that need to take place to deliver screening to those at risk.

This encyclopedia presents important research on dermatological advances. This six set volume includes discussions on the structure and composition of the dermis layer of the skin; the biosynthesis, functions and health benefits of melanin; the genetics, as well as the geographic variation and disorders, of skin pigmentation; the causes, diagnosis and treatment of alopecia, rosacea, candidiasis, cyanosis, psoriasis, and bullous pemphigoid; new research on skin aging; risk factors, protection practices and health effects of sun exposure; skin cancer prevention; the use of sunscreen; skin cancer prevention guidance for schools and youth; and the epidemiology, management and impact on muscle and joint functions of burns.

With over two hundred types of cancer diagnosed to date, researchers the world over have been forced to rapidly update their understanding of the biology of cancer. In fact, only the study of the basic cellular processes, and how these are altered in cancer cells, can ultimately provide a background for rational therapies. Bringing together the state-of-the-art contributions of international experts, Systems Biology of Cancer proposes an ultimate research goal for the whole scientific community: exploiting systems biology to generate in-depth knowledge based on blueprints that are unique to each type of cancer. Readers are provided with a realistic view of what is known and what is yet to be uncovered on the aberrations in the fundamental biological processes, deregulation of major signaling networks, alterations in major cancers and the strategies for using the scientific knowledge for effective diagnosis, prognosis and drug discovery to improve public health.

Cardiovascular Pathology, Fourth Edition, provides users with a comprehensive overview that encompasses its examination, cardiac structure, both normal and physiologically altered, and a multitude of abnormalities. This updated edition offers current views on interventions, both medical and surgical, and the pathology related to them. Congenital heart disease and its pathobiology are covered in some depth, as are vasculitis and neoplasias. Each section has been revised to reflect new discoveries in clinical and molecular pathology, with new chapters updated and written with a practical approach, especially with regards to the discussion of pathophysiology. New chapters reflect recent technological advances with cardiac devices, transplants, genetics, and immunology. Each chapter is highly illustrated and covers contemporary aspects of the disease processes, including a section on the role of molecular diagnostics and cytogenetics as specifically related to cardiovascular pathology. Customers buy the Print + Electronic product together!Serves as a contemporary, all-inclusive guide to cardiovascular pathology for clinicians and researchers, as well as clinical residents and fellows of pathology, cardiology, cardiac surgery, and internal medicineOffers new organization of each chapter to enable uniformity for learning and reference: Definition, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis/Genetics, Light and Electron Microscopy/Immunohistochemistry, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment and Potential ComplicationsFeatures six new chapters and expanded coverage of the normal heart and blood vessels, cardiovascular devices, congenital heart disease, tropical and infectious cardiac disease, and forensic pathology of the cardiovascular systemContains 400+ full color illustrations and an online image collection facilitate research, study, and lecture slide creation

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) was discovered as the first human tumor virus around 50 years ago. Since its discovery in Burkitt's lymphoma it has been associated with various other malignancies, infectious mononucleosis and even autoimmune diseases. The two book volumes on EBV summarize the first 50 years of research on this tumor virus, starting with historical perspectives on discovery, oncogenicity and immune control, reviewing the role that the virus plays in the various associated diseases and concluding with a discussion on how the immune system keeps persistent EBV infection under control in healthy EBV carriers and can be used to treat EBV associated diseases. The respective 32 chapters are written by international experts from three continents for health care providers, biomedical researchers and patients that are affected by EBV. The assembled knowledge should help to understand EBV associated diseases better and to develop EBV specific vaccination in the near future.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are good anti-cancer targets. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and HDIs play opposite roles in the regulation of gene expression via an epigenetic mechanism. HATs catalyze the acetylation of lysine residues in histone tails, facilitating and sustaining gene transcription. HDIs remove the acetyl moieties from the epsilon-amine of lysine residues of histone tails, leading to a more condensed form of chromatin and preventing gene transcription. This book focuses on the use of HDIs for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies; myeloid malignancies; and breast cancer.

This issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, devoted to Multiple Myeloma, is edited by Dr. Kenneth C. Anderson. Articles in this issue include: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma; Diagnosis and Risk Stratification in Myeloma; Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Transplant Eligible Patients; Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Transplant Ineligible Patients; Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Myeloma; Maintenance Therapy; Novel Targeted Therapies; Novel Immune-based Therapies; Allotransplantation in Myeloma; and Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.

Striking changes have occurred in the world since the publication of the last edition of Viral Infections of Humans. The global population is rapidly approaching 8 billion; climate change is leading to the introduction of new hosts, vectors and virus diseases heretofore never seen in many parts of the world; technological advances have revolutionized the ability to recognize and characterize viruses new and old; vaccines are altering the epidemiological landscape of the diseases they target, in some cases raising the hope of their eradication and remarkably powerful computational tools are enabling not only detection of outbreaks of disease much sooner than in the past but also, through complex mathematical modeling, more accurate prediction of their potential impact.The new Fifth Edition of Viral Infections of Humans captures the both the excitement and frustration of the dynamic struggle between humankind and the viruses that continue to cause immense suffering. It presents the latest concepts, methods and technologies in epidemiology, detection, investigation, modeling and intervention. Updated and entirely new chapters by dozens of experts across the field provide analytic summaries of current knowledge of viruses and prions causing acute syndromes, chronic illnesses and/or malignancies. In sum, this ambitiously expanded volume offers a uniquely comprehensive perspective on viruses in humans, from agents of classic diseases (e.g., hepatitis, measles, polio, rabies and yellow fever), to those with greatest pandemic impact (e.g., influenza and human immunodeficiency virus), to those discovered relatively recently (e.g., henipavirus, metapneumovirus and norovirus).The new Fifth Edition of Viral Infections of Humans is an invaluable reference for students, fellows and established professionals in the fields of microbiology, public health and infectious disease epidemiology, medicine and health policy.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of monoclonal immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Multiple myeloma is associated with lytic bone lesions, anemia, immunodeficiency and renal impairment. Multiple myeloma accounts for more than 10% of all hematologic malignancies and about 1% of all cancers. Multiple myeloma remains mostly incurable despite conventional intensive high dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The costs associated with multiple myeloma are among the highest. This book discusses the diagnosis of multiple myeloma along with the risk factors involved and the treatments that are available.

Viruses and Human Cancer provides a comprehensive review of the seven currently known human tumor viruses and their associated cancers with an emphasis on epidemiology, clinicopathologic features, and pathogenesis. Chapters are written by internationally recognized experts and all are generously illustrated with tables, diagrams and photographic images.Viruses and Human Cancer is designed to serve as a concise review of the field of human tumor virology for pathologists, oncologists and infectious disease specialists. It will also be of great value to practicing physicians, residents and clinical fellows in these specialties.

Cancer is a devastating disease lacking an exact treatment. Recent advances in genetics and biotechnology have provided a deeper understanding of cancer biology, out of which aberrations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have arisen as important etiological factors. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes is one of the initial cellular changes that ultimately lead to tumor development. Thus increasing knowledge about these genes aids in the development of novel therapeutic applications as well as identification of more effective and rapid molecular markers for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. This book provides up-to-date information on the structure, function and roles of the main tumor suppressor genes thus far identified. An important addition to the current literature in the field, this book is intended to help instructors for teaching purposes and researchers in the field of cancer biology as an overview of current knowledge.

Imatinib has brought a revolution in the management of Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a disease which had very limited therapeutic options including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and interferon-alpha 10 years ago. The clinical success of imatinib in CML and gastrointestinal tumors (GIST) has brought up a new paradigm in cancer therapy that has very broad potentials. Imatinib is active against a number of related tyrosine kinases, namely ABL, BCR-ABL, KIT, PFGFR and TEL. Now, as more than a decade has passed since the approval of Imatinib, and after the change of CML from a rapidly fatal disease to a more chronic and manageable disease, we wanted to have a look back at what we know about the drug and its effect on various body systems. Its efficacy, side effects and how to manage its use in non-hematological malignancies is discussed in detail. Gathering all this information in one book will be of immense benefit for healthcare workers including physicians, pharmacists and nurses and this in turn will help them improve the care of their patients. It will also benefit pharmacists who are a source of clinical and pharmacological knowledge. For people undertaking research in the field of hemato-oncology or pharmacology, this will be a useful starting point for reviewing the literature. Imatinib is still being studied in patients in the clinic and laboratory models, and researchers are assessing the use of imatinib in other cancers. The editors have tried to allow information in book chapters to show different aspects and various view points on related issues.

An oncogene is a modified gene or a series of nucleotides that encode a protein and direct the cell to the development of a neoplastic phenotype. Usually, oncogenes are involved in tumor development and increase the possibility that the development of a cell directs towards cancer. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the classification, mechanisms of activation and role in cancer development of oncogenes. Topics include the role of oncogenes in gynecological pathology; oncomirs as the next frontier of oncogenes affecting cancer etiology and tumor progression; the role of the epidermal growth factor receptor as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma and other malignancies; and tumor suppressors involved in DNA repair and carcinoprevention.

Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by different defects in the development and function of the immune system. This book aims to increase the clinical awareness and knowledge of practicing clinicians regarding the diagnosis and management of PIDs. In order to achieve this goal, about 90 cases drawn from real life are presented, along with approximately 300 related questions. The selected case reports are the result of the invaluable cooperation of more than 40 scientists in the field of immunodeficiency. They focus both on the presenting features of patients with PIDs and on the required further investigation and management. Each of the numbered cases is followed by the questions, their answers, and additional discussion. Each question focuses on a particular aspect of the PID under consideration, and the topics covered include clinical diagnosis, laboratory findings, molecular mechanisms, and therapy.

The updated second edition of Cutaneous Manifestations of Infection in the Immunocompromised Host is an invaluable reference for physicians and ancillary medical professionals involved in the care of patients with impaired immune systems due to cancer, chemotherapy, systemic steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs, HIV/AIDS or organ transplantation. This volume will help you recognize skin lesions and diagnose their infectious cause. Textbook features include:· Over 350 color images demonstrating pathognomonic, atypical, rare and routine skin lesions· Tables for differential diagnosis of different skin lesions in the immunocompromised host· Complete coverage of infectious pathogens with the patterns of infection and the likely causes in different clinical settings (HIV/AIDS versus solid organ transplantation versus neutropenia post-chemotherapy versus bone marrow recovery post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation)· New chapter discussing the role of viruses causing malignancies with cutaneous signs in the immunocompromised patient Written by dermatologists, the new edition is an indispensable diagnostic tool intended for use by all clinicians who care for immunocompromised patients.

Clinical Mycology offers a comprehensive review of this discipline. Organized by types of fungi, this volume covers microbiologic, epidemiologic and demographic aspects of fungal infections as well as diagnostic, clinical, therapeutic, and preventive approaches. Special patient populations are also detailed.

The number of patients treated for hematological malignancies is increasing steadily. To maximize cure rates, aggressive treatments have been introduced, including high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and targeted therapies. As a result, overall and disease-free survival rates have improved substantially, but at the price of life-threatening toxic and infectious complications that chiefly target the lung. This book provides clinicians caring for patients with hematological malignancies with detailed, up-to-date information on all relevant aspects of pulmonary involvement. Individual sections are devoted to epidemiology, diagnostic strategy, lung infections, non-infectious pulmonary involvement, and treatment, including decision making in patients with acute respiratory failure. Each of these sections contains a number of chapters, all written by leading international experts. In addition, the reader's attention is drawn to important'pearls'relating to each condition.

Multiple drug resistance to antimicrobials is a growing problem that limits the effective lifetime of nearly all drugs developed against microorganisms. In Management of Multiple Drug-Resistant Infections, prominent clinicians and leading microbiologists describe how practicing physicians can best treat bacterial, viral, protozoal, and helminthic infections when there is significant resistance to antibiotics. The authors focus on the major hospital and community-acquired pathogens, including S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, and M. tuberculosis, and on the management of such common problems as multiple drug-resistant urinary tract infections and gonorrhea. Among the resistant tropical organisms covered are Salmonella typhi, malaria, and Burkholderia pseudomalei. Resistance to such important antiviral classes as antiretrovirals and anticytomegaloviral agents is also discussed, as are those measures necessary to prevent the spread of infections among patients. When national or international treatment guidelines cannot be established, clinical trial data, in vitro susceptibility data, and epidemiologic and pharmacological evidence are cited to help make treatment decisions. Wherever possible, the question of drug resistance is set in the context of its biology and epidemiology. Comprehensive and practice-oriented, Management of Multiple Drug-Resistant Infections offers physicians and clinical microbiologists treating infectious disease patients not only a critically evaluated guide to the immense literature of the field, but also an up-to-date practical survey of today's gold-standard therapeutic strategies.

Extensively revised since the third edition in 1995, this comprehensive text covers all common and rare malignant blood cancers and is an essential reference for hematologists and oncologists. The sixty-two chapters are divided into sections on Chronic Leukemias and Related Disorders, Acute Leukemias, Myeloma and Related Disorders, Lymphomas, and Supportive Care.