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This book identifies the key scientific articles in the field of Intensive Care and explains why these papers are important in contemporary clinical management. Identifying those influential contributors who have shaped the practice of modern Intensive care practice, the book includes commentaries on 50 seminal papers in a wide range of areas. enal This an invaluable reference for trainees, fellows, and surgeons studying for exams, as well as for seasoned surgeons and physicians who want to stay current in their field.

Every medical specialty has as its basis a core of classic papers which both reflects the historical background and gives insight into its present and future developments. The selected papers in this volume highlight landmarks in the development of critical care medicine. Internationally acclaimed experts have chosen what they consider to be the most important papers in their respective subspecialties. Each entry follows a set format, starting with the abstract and the reference to the original source of publication. This is followed by analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the paper and the contribution it has made to the development of critical care. Additional information including citation score of each paper is given together with detailed analysis of the top 500 most widely cited papers.

This essential guide encompasses over 160 pivotal papers critical for doctors preparing for postgraduate exams in intensive care, interviews, or commencing an intensive care rotation. Chosen for their educational merit and significant influence on intensive care medicine, these key trials, studies, and meta-analyses are distilled into succinct, easy-to-read summaries.The guide steers clear of intricate numerical details and statistical analyses, concentrating instead on the core information necessary to comprehend the significance of these influential papers. Tailored specifically for the OSCE and SOE components of exams like the Final FFICM and EDIC, it provides concise summaries and key results, focusing on the most crucial information for exam success.Serving as a resource that underpins the evidence base of contemporary intensive care clinical practice, these summaries are an indispensable tool for both exam preparation and ongoing professional development in intensive care medicine.

This volume showcases recent high-quality work relating to the pathophysiology, biophysics, monitoring, and treatment of traumatic brain injury and hydrocephalus that was presented at the 15th International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring (ICP), held in Singapore in November 2013. The included papers derive from experts in neurointensive care, physiology, physics, engineering, and neurosurgery who have made important contributions in this translational area of research. All were selected from among oral and oral-poster presentations following a rigorous peer-review process involving the ICP Board members, and their focus ranges from the latest research findings and developments to clinical trials and experimental studies. This collection of papers from ICP 2013 continues the proud tradition of publishing key work from the ICP symposia and will be of interest for all who wish to stay abreast of recent advances in the field.

Brain edema is found in a wide variety of clinical disorders including stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, head injury, brain tumors and hydrocephalus. This volume brings together clinical and basic scientists from all over the world. Their expertise in the understanding of brain edema and shifts in brain water compartments has led to a further significant step in our understanding of those diseases characterized by brain edema. This book has also drawn on the expertise of the International Advisory Board of the Brain Edema Society, who have carefully summarized each section, thus providing an easy-to-read summary of the latest advances in each subject. The book is therefore much more than a collection of papers: it represents a critical appraisal and puts each paper into modern scientific context. The greatest advances have come from the rapid development of modern imaging techniques, especially with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Imaging can now produce'water maps” and'metabolic profiles” that bring brain metabolism and water content right into every clinic with access to MRI. This book provides the background knowledge to understand these pathophysiological changes.

Cerebral Blood Flow: Quantifying Consciousness Although the heart may be the source of energy needed to generate blood flow,and other organs absolutely essential for normal living,the brain is the reason we are alive. The collected book chapters are aimed at addressing this most fundamental organ and its blood flow. These papers reflect detailed descriptions of similar topics presented over a two-day period as part of the 5th International Symposium on Applied Physiology of the Peripheral Circulation held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in June 2000. The symposium and this volume were organized into four distinct groupings that follow in a logical fashion. The initial papers focus on the basic unique physiology and pathophysiology of the cerebral circulation, including a historical reviewof the means to measure cerebral blood flow and its implications of the past 30 years. Dr. Walter D. Obrist was one of the original investigators to use radiolabeled markers to assess cerebral blood flow. His equations and initial studies form an impressive introduction to where we are now. As with much of the body's special organs, the brain too has many circulatory features unique to itself.These include the unique blood-brain barrier function ofthe endothelium, local neural regulation control, and intracranial pressure effects. These special issues,plus genetic factors that may predispose individuals to developing cere­ bral aneurysm, make up the initial section of the monograph.

The coronary circulation is central to sustaining myocardial viability. Unlike the cir­ culations of most other organs, if the coronary circulation becomes insufficient to sustain myocardial contractile function, overall quality of life rapidly declines and life can abruptly end. In partnership with the cerebral circulation, the coronary circula­ tion plays a central role in sustaining life. However, unlike the cerebral circulation, whose function is self-sufficient to define life, the coronary circulation determines global blood flow and thus the initial state for the remainder of the body. This unique condition, together with the reality that coronary artery disease primarily affects peo­ ple in their productive years of life, has allowed physicians and scientists who study the heart to enjoy a privileged position in the field of medical research and clinical practice. Thus, it comes as little surprise that many new and exciting research developments involving the coronary circulation have recently come to the forefront of medical thinking. This reality, coupled with the large number of clinical trials of agents specif­ ically designed to sustain or improve coronary flow in many disease states, makes the timing of this monograph relevant. The book features papers presented at a recent international symposium, the fourth in a series of meetings on Applied Physiology of the Peripheral Circulation. The papers selected by the editors review the most impor­ tant advances in the fields of cardiology and the coronary circulation.

Recent technological innovations - influenced primarily by the development of more sophisticated, faster and cheaper computer systems - permitted also the evolution of more affordable systems for Patient Data Management, so called PDM-Systems. The experience of the authors, on one of the first PDMS installation sites in Europe, shows that the purchase of such a system is not an easy task, since accurate data are not available in a comparable format. Therefore the first part of the book is devoted to a comparison of already installed, commercially distributed bedside based PDMS with regard to their specifications, functions and performance. The methods included a questionnaire with detailed questions for the vendors to answer and a'table of functions” comparing the most important functions which should be included in a PDMS. With that list the different systems (which were all in clinical use) were checked for the availability and the way of use of these functions. To evaluate variations in the systems performance an'information retrieval test” was designed and executed. In the second part the different vendors, whose systems were included in the study, were to describe the systems from their viewpoints. The third part contains papers describing the users'experiences. The fourth and last part shows how to use PDMS-data for scientific and therapeutic purposes including two papers on clinical expert systems. Thus, this book provides valuable information for clinicians and hospital managers who have to decide on the purchase of a Patient Data Management System.

25 years have passed since a small group met for the First International Symposia on Brain Edema in Vienna. Subsequent Symposia were held in Mainz, Montreal, Berlin, Groningen, Tokyo and Baltimore. During this time we have witnessed a virtual explosion of the number of publications in this field and our basic and clinical understanding of this disease process has increased tremendously. Our meetings have always been a landmark to take stock of our experience so far and to provide perspectives toward future developments. In addition, it always was a good opportunity to renew old friendship and to make new friends. This volume is a compilation of papers presented at the Eighth International Symposium on Brain Edema held on June 17-20, 1990 in Bern, Switzerland. During this Symposium 158 papers were presented as oral or poster presentations. This considerable number of papers was chosen from more than 230 abstracts that were received. The organizers wish to thank the Advisory Committee for the work done in paper selection and focus on the Symposium. Appreciation is also given to all persons, who have contributed to the success of this meeting, the Chairmen, the participants and last but not least all the staff who worked behind the scene.

This volume is a compilation of papers presented at the Tenth International Symposium on Brain Edema held on October 20-23, 1996, in San Diego, California. This follows the sequence of meetings that was initiated 31 years ago in the First International Symposium held in Vienna. Subsequent symposiums were held in Mainz, Montreal, Berlin, Groningen, Tokyo, Baltimore, Bern, and Tokyo CY okohama). A considerable number of papers was chosen from over 100 papers that were received. The organizers wish to thank the Advisory Committee for the excellent work done in selection of the papers. We also wish to thank all the persons who contributed to the success of the Tenth International Symposium, especially the staff who worked behind the scenes. These papers were reviewed, edited, approved or disapproved by the Editorial Board. Those manuscripts that were felt not pertinent to this publication were not accepted by the Editorial Board. Therefore, the excellent quality of those that are in the book are a reflection of the authors'dedication and work and that of those of the Editorial Board in their review process. For the reader's convenience, the papers are structured according to the various disease processes which are associated with the primary topic: hypertension, hydrocephalus, infection, ischemia, tumor, etc. We do hope that the reader will enjoy the articles and that they will provide an impetus and insight for future work.

86 short papers originating from the 13th International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring held in July 2007 in San Francisco present experimental as well as clinical research data on invasive and non-invasive intracranial pressure and brain biochemistry monitoring. The papers have undergone a peer-reviewing and are organized in eight sections: brain injury: ICP management and cerebral physiology; hydrocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics; advanced neuromonitoring; biomedical informatics; imaging; ICP: brain compliance, biophysics, and biomechanics; stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hematoma; and experimental studies and models. The papers address the increasing use of decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of brain edema as well after brain injury and the rapidly expanding field of advanced neuromonitoring and neuroimaging.

88 short papers originating from the 12th International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring held in August 2004 in Hong Kong present experimental as well as clinical research data on invasive and non-invasive intracranial pressure and brain biochemistry monitoring. The papers have undergone a peer-reviewing and are organized in nine sections: ICP management in head injury, neurochemical monitoring, intracranial hypertension, neuroimaging, hydrocephalus, clinical trails, experimental studies, brain compliance and biophysics.

This guide to the short answer question section of the final FRCA not only comprehensively covers the subject matter of the exam with past paper examples, it also guides trainees on the most effective manner in which to approach the questions. Chapters reflect the different topics contained within the examination, including pain medicine, ICM, paediatric anaesthesia and more. Every question from the past 6 1/2 years of examinations is addressed and the ideal style in which to answer an SAQ covered in depth. This guide will be gold dust to the candidate preparing for the final FRCA, providing all the answers as well as the best way to present them. It will save hours of research and preparation.

This book introduces the latest advances relating to the pathophysiology, biophysics, monitoring and treatment of traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, and stroke presented at the 16th International Conference on Intracranial Pressure and Neuromonitoring (the'ICP Conference'), held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in June 2016 in conjunction with the 6th Annual Meeting of the Cerebral Autoregulation Research Network. Additionally, the conference held special sessions on neurocritical care informatics and cerebrovascular autoregulation. The peer-reviewed papers included were written by leading experts in neurosurgery, neurointensive care, anesthesiology, physiology, clinical engineering, clinical informatics and mathematics who have made important contributions in this translational area of research, and their focus ranges from the latest research findings and developments to clinical trials and experimental studies. The book continues the proud tradition of publishing key work from the ICP Conferences and is a must-read for anyone wishing to stay abreast of recent advances in the field.

• All new MCQs based on core concepts on each topic • Each question has separate explanations and references for further reading • Chapter-wise arranged MCQs • Two model question papers for practice • A must read book for all interested in critical care.

This book describes the techniques, strategies, and drugs that have been demonstrated by at least one paper published in a peer-reviewed journal to significantly influence survival in patients with or at risk for acute kidney injury. Each chapter focuses on a specific intervention. The scope is accordingly wide, with coverage of topics as diverse as the type, timing, and dose of renal replacement therapy (RRT), anticoagulation and specific indications for RRT, perioperative hemodynamic optimization, fluid balance, diuretics, colloids, fenoldopam, terlipressin, N-acetylcysteine, and vasopressin. A variety of settings are considered, including critically ill patients, cardiac surgery, and hepatic and hematologic disorders. The topic selection was made using a democracy-based approach in which hundreds of specialists from dozens of countries expressed, via the web, whether they agreed with these topics and whether they used the techniques in their daily clinical practice. The clear text is supported by'how to do'sections and'key point'boxes that provide easily accessible practical information. The book will be of interest for a wide variety of specialists, including intensivists, nephrologists, emergency doctors, and anesthesiologists.

Intensive care medicine is a dynamic and evolving specialty, requiring its practitioners to be part physician, physiologist and anaesthetist. This requires a firm foundation of knowledge and an ability to apply this to the clinical situation. This book contains 270 multiple-choice questions allowing self-assessment of the breadth of knowledge required of the modern intensivist. The book is divided into three papers each consisting of 60 multiple true false (MTF) and 30 single best answer (SBA) questions covering areas including resuscitation, diagnosis, disease management, organ support, and ethical and legal aspects of practice. The MTF questions test factual knowledge and understanding of the evidence base underpinning intensive care medicine, while the SBA questions test the ability of the candidate to prioritise, compete options and make the best decision for the patient. Each question is peer reviewed and accompanied by concise and detailed explanatory notes with references to guide further reading. All the authors are practising intensive care physicians with firsthand experience of professional examinations in the specialty. This book will appeal to intensive care physicians approaching professional examinations worldwide, including the European Diploma, American Board and Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine examinations. In addition, it will appeal to intensive care nurses and allied healthcare professionals wishing to update their knowledge as part of continuing professional development, and to physicians sitting professional examinations in related specialties requiring knowledge of intensive care medicine such as general medicine, general surgery and anaesthesia. This new book will complement the existing international best-selling title ‘Multiple Choice Questions in Intensive Care Medicine'(ISBN 978 1 903378 64 9), also written by Dr Steve Benington.

Brain resuscitation is the therapeutic intervention for critically ill patients with severe brain damage, particularly the types caused by ischemia and hypoxia. The The objective of the International Symposium on Brain Resuscitation held in Ube, Yamaguchi Japan October 31 to November 2 1988, and sponsored by Yamaguchi University and the Japanese Ministry of Education, was to review our recent progress in brain resuscitation and to discuss controversies both basic and clinical. To my knowledge, this symposium was the first held in Japan. Our understanding of neuronal dysfunction due to ischemic/hypoxic insults at organ, cellular, and molecular levels has advanced significantly in the last two decades. We had therefore intended that this international symposium should broadly cover the topics which are of interest to both basic researchers and clinicians. Three hundred and twenty-five attendants, including twenty scientists from eight different countries, actively participated in discussion and exchange of new ideas and thoughts concerning brain resuscitation. This book comprises the re­ ports presented during the symposium which consisted of two main parts: basic and clinical. Although one single meeting can never be expected to solve any problems, meetings often highlight areas of ignorance and problems which are ripe for solving. It has been hard to review all the papers because of the multi­ plicity of the discussed topics, but the overview on brain resuscitation by Profes­ sor Bo K. Siesjo and the summary by Professor J.

This volume on scientific advances in critical care testing com­ piles a number of clinical and laboratory studies related to criti­ cally ill patients that involve new technology, therapy options, application or interpretation of new tests, patient management and cost benefits. There were a total of 340 applicants for this first International Federation of Clinical Chemistry-AVL Award, and from these, National Winners were selected in 26 member countries of the IFCC. This publication presents the full papers of the ten finalists among the National Winners selected for the international final held in London in July 1996. These ten were chosen by the Inter­ national Awards Committee of the IFCC. In addition, the editors have decided also to include their choice of the best abstracts from the National Winners, thus giving a broad overview of cur­ rent research being conducted in the field of critical care medi­ cine among IFCC members. In keeping with the title of this volume, all major fields of in­ tensive care medicine are represented, including inflammation, infection, stress, hypoxia, ischaemia, cardiology, haemodynamics, blood gases, electrolytes, trace -elements, nephrology, gastroenter­ ology and haematology. In addition, there is also a chapter on new technology in critical care testing and on miscellaneous top­ ics.

Major conduction blocks utilizing local anesthetics or opiates are find­ ing ever increasing applications in daily routine. However, two serious drawbacks are associated with their use: hypotension during surgery and the development of tolerance in long-term epidural analgesia. When opiates are injected epidurally or intrathecally, numerous side effects such as itching, nausea and vomiting, or respiratory depression have been reported. The pathophysiology of complications arising during a major conduction block and measures to prevent them were discussed by 19 experts at the 4th International Symposium at DUsseldorf. This volume contains 21 papers presented on three topics: 1. tachyphylaxis in long-term epidural anesthesia, 2. hypotension due to epidural and spinal anesthesia, and 3. effects and dangers of epidural and intrathecal opiates. With regard to the safety of our patients during anesthesia, current practices of preventing complications were evaluated, and preliminary guidelines for a more rational approach toward prevention and treat­ ment based on a knowledge of pathophysiologic mechanisms were developed. It is our hope that the anesthesiologist will profit from the discussion of regional anesthesia contained in this volume, many aspects of which have never before been presented in such detail.

Since the beginning of mankind, medical emergencies have existed. However, only in the last several decades has the specialty of emergency medicine developed. The United States and the United Kingdom were probably the first to recognize the need for a physician to be properly trained in this discipline. It quickly became evident that many lives could be saved by physicians trained in this art. Now is an exciting time for the field, as more and more countries have recognized this and are developing training programs in emergency medicine. This book is based upon a course in emergency medicine that was held in Ireland in the fall of 2001 and on several other lectures given that year. The course was held at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and was a joint effort of faculty comprised from the Brown University program in Emergency Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. The goals of the course were to introduce the basic principles and practice of emergency medicine, to present some cutting edge topics, and to help encourage an interest in developing an academic training program in emergency medicine in Ireland. I hope that this collection of papers will be enjoyed by: medical students, residents, attending physicians, and by all who pursue an interest in emergency medicine. It is not intended to be a comprehensive text on emergency medicine. The purpose is to present some pertinent topics and observations from experienced physicians in a scientific and evidence-based fashion.

This volume contains the lectures and discussion papers presented at the II. In­ ternational Symposium on Innovations in Management, Technology and Phar­ macology held on 26-28 May 1984 in Liidenscheid. This symposium delt with fur­ ther developments in the sector of the closed-circuit system; non-invasive mea­ surement and monitoring systems; new aspects of cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology; oxygen-transporting substances; and particular questions in pharma­ cology. The purpose of this meeting was to allow a mutual international exchange of news on interesting new developments, particularly as these relate to the closed-circuit system, and the encouragement of further scientific developments. It must be made clear that the large-scale introduction of the closed-circuit sys­ tem has to be the occasion of completely new quality standards both in anesthesia and in all related technological sectors, combined with the highest demands in terms of precision and measuring techniques. The conventional and still quite crude clinical anesthetic procedures will have to make way for much more phys­ iological, micromolecular precision techniques, which will compare with our present methods rather in the same way as a microelectrode to a spear and will allow new levels of achievement in anesthesiology. All our tasks will need to be rethought and thoroughly understood from these aspects. Some anesthesists, physiologists and engineers already see the closed-circuit system as a challenge, while for others this system will still mean a great deal of work and creativity be­ fore the problems are finally solved in the future.

Te practice of intensive care medicine is at the very forefront of titration of treatment andmonitoringresponse. Te substrateofthiscareisthe criticallyill patientwho,by defnition, is at the limits of his or her physiologic reserve. Such patients need immediate, aggressive but balanced life-altering interventions to minimize the detrimental aspects of acute illness and hasten recovery. Treatmentdecisionsandresponsetotherapyareusually assessed by measures of physiologic function, such as assessed by cardio-respiratory monitoring. However, how one uses such information is ofen unclear and rarely supported by prospective clinical trials. In reality, the bedside clinician is forced to rely primarily on physiologic principles in determining the best treatments and response to therapy. However, the physiologic foundation present in practicing physicians is uneven and occasionally supported more by habit or prior training than science. A series of short papers published in Intensive Care Medicine since 2002 under the heading Physiologic Notes attempts to capture the essence of the physiologic perspectives that underpin both our understanding of disease and response to therapy. Tis present volume combines the complete list of these Physiologic Notes up until July 2006 with the ass o cia t ed r e vie w a r tic les o v er t h e s a m e in t er val t ha t a ls o addr ess e d t hes e cen tral issues.

The book on purpose, is not encyclopedic unlike most of the standard Western texts on critical care. It is directed to the practice of critical care as observed and practised in our country and other tropical developing countries. However, it also deals with critical care problems common to both, the East and West. The critical care of important fulminant infections in the tropics has been revised, emphasized, and will unquestionably prove very useful to intensivists practising in tropical countries such as India, Africa and parts of South East Asia.

The second edition builds upon the previous content, exploring new and emerging evidence to enhance the structure and content of rehabilitation provided. It considers the additional impact of COVID-19 throughout each chapter. In addition, sadly not every patient survives their critical illness but good, multidisciplinary and holistic care is just as essential for these patients. The editors have added a chapter on end-of-life care, focusing on the importance of personalised care and family involvement and on PICS. Since 2020, healthcare professionals have faced unprecedented challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. High levels of illness severity, along with stretched critical care capacity and workforces, meant rapid development of new patient pathways were required. This has deepened our understanding of the physical, psychological and cognitive impact of critical illness, as well as the need for services to deliver multi-professional, holistic programmes of rehabilitation to maximise outcomes. An admission to ICU with a critical illness has a well-recognised physical, psychological and social impact all on the individual and their loved ones. Successful discharge from ICU requires significant attention to detail on all aspects of care concurrently to ensure a return to the best quality of life achievable. The new edition explores key areas to consider and ensure rehabilitation is delivered in a holistic way. The chapters are written by a range of multidisciplinary ICU team members, providing expert guidance and an evidence-based approach to improve outcomes and return patients to their families.

Written and edited by global leaders in this challenging field, Rare and Interstitial Lung Diseases: Clinical Cases and Real-World Discussions brings you up to date with the latest advances in complex or rare lung diseases managed on outpatient or inpatient respiratory or critical care units. Using a unique, case-based approach, a wide variety of cases are presented along with perspectives from a multidisciplinary team of experts who discuss therapeutic choices and rationales. This real-world approach allows the reader to become a virtual attending physician, simulating a realistic clinical reasoning process on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with rare and complex lung diseases.Reflects a nuanced, multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach to diagnoses, treatment options, and follow-up criteria for complex and rare pulmonary disorders such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease related to connective tissue diseases, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis, and pulmonary vascular disease.Each case includes onset of symptoms, diagnostic/therapeutic path, and discussions on the clinical choices made in accordance with evidence-based medical procedures.Describes each clinical and laboratory finding and features 150 images, including plain film, procedural photos, ultrasound images, CT scans, and histopathology specimens.Includes the most recent updates to international guidelines (ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT) on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Covers the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with ILD other than IPF; the role of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) in obtaining a tissue diagnosis in patients with undiagnosed ILD; and the indications of antifibrosant drugs.A practical and interactive resource for pulmonologists, as well as critical care and internal medicine practitioners and fellows, thoracic surgeons, and thoracic radiologists.Any additional digital ancillary content may publish up to 6 weeks following the publication date.

This book explores the existing inequities within the U.S. healthcare system and their impacts on individuals and in particular Black women, who seek life-saving healthcare. As a social scientist interested in examining the matter of health inequities, the author was particularly interested in documenting the impact of racial and ethnic inequities on the quest for critical health care in the context of a major health care crisis. More poignantly, as a healthcare consumer recently plunged into the marketplace for life-saving health care, the author systematically explored and documented the process of obtaining care as an African American woman against the backdrop of an emerging global pandemic. This book recounts some of these experiences by showing specific instances where the ogre of race intruded and influenced her access to life-saving care. Among other things, this book argues for increased formal and informal support structures within the health care system that are specifically focused on Black women's survival, well-being and quality of life. This book challenges assumptions about equity and access in healthcare and well-being. Many Americans believe that current observations of health disparities reflecting increased vulnerability among communities of color are attributable primarily to poor decisions and failure to consult or comply with healthcare professionals. They believe that the problems which members of these communities are experiencing most acutely during the pandemic are a result of specific behaviors that people of color choose (e.g., eating unhealthy food) or deliberately refrain from doing (e.g., regularly visiting a doctor). In reality, there are an array of other reasons for the observed vulnerabilities of people of color who must navigate the healthcare system that results from deeply held stereotypes about them and a range of formal and informal institutional practices that do not have their best interests at heart. This book chronicles the author's experiences in seeking and obtaining care and draws from principles of qualitative research to infer and provide insights about the way that the healthcare system works from the perspective of a critically ill patient. What is most clear from this effort is that there are unintended obstacles (beyond the usual suspects) to obtaining healthcare that had very little to do with having insurance or being able to pay for care. Instead, whether treatment and care were obtained was determined in large part by a constellation of implicit cognitive associations, historic inequities, and systemic and institutional biases. The latter factors including systemic institutional bias as well as historic inequities together are embedded within the structure of the healthcare insurance industry.

The book has been revised and updated to keep up with the latest evidence available at the time of writing. A few more cases have been added as per the latest advancement in Critical Care. This book will give you better understanding of clinical management to the exam-going trainees.

The evolution of the field of critical care has gone hand in hand with the evolution of science of mechanical ventilation. Hence, the need and demand for Textbook of Mechanical Ventilation has been increasing. We saw therefore a number of very popular textbooks on mechanical ventilation appearing on the horizon from time to time. Each of them had a different flair and flavor depending on the authors and contents and methods of presentation. This textbook is a welcome addition to the same. A comprehensive textbook covering all aspects of this important science (and art) of ventilating acutely ill patients, written mainly by Indian experts. The table of contents is impressive, covering all the aspects of mechanical ventilation.

The five different sections as well as the different subsections are designed in such a way that the clinicians will get latest knowledge and practical skills in various aspects of fetomaternal medicine with special emphasis in managing the spectrum of illness. This is by no means a textbook on the topic but is more of a practical knowledge resource for day-to-day problems. This manual will serve as the template for the online course and the practical hands-on session linked to this academic exercise.

This book sets echocardiography within a routine clinical context. It aims to synthesise guidelines into a pragmatic clinical approach to real patients providing a step-by-step guide to performing, reporting, and interpreting a study. We wrote it imagining we were the calm voice of a senior echocardiographer teaching a junior colleague. This edition has been extensively revised with an expansion of sections on acute, intensive care, and emergency medicine. COVID-19 has necessitated limiting exposure of both patient and operator to infection and caused a huge increase in waiting lists. This has sharpened the debate over matching the level of scan to the clinical question and also highlights the importance of collaboration between clinicians and echocardiographers. Key Features Expanded first chapter on levels of echocardiography New sections on COVID-19, cardio-oncology, multivalve disease, and specialist valve clinics Incorporation of new international guidelines, grading criteria and normal data Guide to how cardiac CT and magnetic resonance can complement echocardiography Reformatted text and extra diagrams and tables to improve understanding

Major surgical societies have been publishing perioperative recommendations for over half a century, based on committees conducting reviews of the literature. Surgical books fundamentally target the intraoperative period when anesthesia is going on. Fatalities are often embedded in a larger context of systemic failures, in which initial problems are sidestepped or mishandled till they become overwhelming and irreversible. There must be a guiding principle and a truly integrated approach for each condition and treatment, of course based on the strongest available evidence. This unique book provides the reader standardized instructions and recommendations on the management of all high-risk surgical candidates in different specialties and contexts, encompassing a continuum of care, and not just in selected phases or groups.Written by worldwide experts, it is divided in 11 sections and 41 chapters which discuss: Preoperative evaluation, Lifestyle interventions, Surgical specialties, Protocols of special relevance, Fluids, electrolytes and shock, Perioperative surgical challenges, Bedside and adjunct procedures, Wound care, Innovative Approaches (including artificial intelligence and machine learning), End of life care and other ethical challenges. It also includes an additional section with supplementary material.Residents, fellows, practitioners in training and seasoned professionals seeking society recertification, primarily in surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care medicine, internal medicine, emergency services, trauma, vascular surgery, nursing, and physical therapy will find this book valuable. Professionals in the industry (especially those related to surgery, critical care monitoring devices, imaging diagnosis and interventional radiology), policy makers and government agencies will also benefit from this work.

Respiratory critical care is essential to modern critical care medicine. To successfully support critically ill patients, an understanding of specific lung conditions and syndromes, their pathophysiological basis, and evidence-based management strategies is of vital importance. The Oxford Textbook of Respiratory Critical Care provides an authoritative account of respiratory critical care medicine with a clear focus on how to manage respiratory disease in the critically ill. The fundamentals of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment, for respiratory diseases and conditions are outlined with a specific focus on management in the critical care setting. Across 66 chapters, common and unusual respiratory conditions are included as well as those aspects of pulmonary disease in which the management in critical illness is unique. The text equips the reader with up-to-date knowledge of clinical practice for the respiratory system, lung diseases within critical care medicine and the impact of critical illness on lung biology. Each chapter highlights advances in the field as well as emphasising the importance of getting the basics right. Key messages, controversies, and directions to further research points allow both focused reading and deeper engagement. A dedicated chapter to COVID-19, and sections throughout explore the impact of this novel virus in specific areas of respiratory critical care. Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts from many disciplines, this essential textbook is relevant to medics globally. This is an indispensable guide for clinicians, researchers and nurses working in Critical Care, Anaesthesia, Respiratory Medicine, Acute Medicine, and Emergency Medicine.

Written by experts in pediatric nutrition support, the ASPEN Pediatric and Neonatal Nutrition Support Handbook, Third Edition is a comprehensive, quick reference on caring for neonates, infants, children, and adolescents receiving parenteral and enteral nutrition. It includes age-specific nutrition from fetal development through adolescence.

ECMO has in the last year advanced rapidly in its prevalence and ease of use. It is becoming the standard of care for the management of severe ARDS, however, its adoption outside of relatively few large hospitals in primarily very wealthy nations has been limited. This is in part improving as the cost of the equipment and associated resources decline, however a significant barrier to its use is the expertise required to manage the patient. There are only a few existing reference books on the topic but they suffer from being too comprehensive, too basic, too theoretical or else they are too expensive for the average practitioner or hospital system to use as general reference material for training. This book is designed to be a practical guide to the management of ECMO by the entire ECMO team from specialists to physicians. It discusses the core physiological principles necessary to the understanding of its management, but also then discusses how to practically apply these principles on a day-to-day basis. It is structured in a focused and concise manner with an emphasis on translating theory to actual equipment and patients through the use of visuals. The book is divided into twelve individual sections that each contain various chapters. The first section provides an introduction to the book itself as well as the authors. The second section explains the history of ECMO. The third section focuses on program development while the fourth section is all about patient selection. The fifth section details physics and technology while the sixth and seventh sections break down the physiology. The eighth section describes cannulation and configuration while the ninth focuses on complications and emergencies. The remaining three sections detail patient management, pharmacology and anticoagulation and weaning and decannulation. Written by experts in the field, ECMO: A Practical Guide to Management targets bedside providers such as physicians and mid-level providers, however it is also a useful reference for nurses and respiratory therapists on the team. While it contains sufficient advanced material to keep more seasoned practitioners engaged, it also focuses on only the necessary and practical principles to appeal to a variety of readers.

This new edition provides a fully updated guide to obesity's relation to lung disease. Over forty percent of the U.S. population is obese, and obesity is increasing in much of the world. Obesity has a major impact on health conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The effects of obesity on lung disease have drawn increasing attention in recent years. Furthermore, the COVID pandemic has dramatically illustrated how obesity affects respiratory disease, constitutes a major risk factor for COVID-19, and presents challenges to pulmonary care in the ICU. Obesity changes physiology, immune and metabolic function, and is associated with changes in diet and the microbiome, all of which combine to have a major impact on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Obesity is thus a risk factor for many respiratory diseases such as asthma, pulmonary hypertension, thromboembolic disease, obstructive sleep apnea and ARDS. Obesity also complicates the management of manyother respiratory diseases and conditions such as COPD, thromboembolic disease, and the care of the critically ill patient.The objectives of this book are three-fold: To review how physiological, immune and metabolic factors might contribute to lung disease. To discuss the impact of obesity on common lung diseasesTo outline important considerations in the management of critically ill obese patients. There have been major advances in our understanding of the relationship between obesity and lung disease since the first edition in 2013, in addition to the major lessons learned about the importance of obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to the addition of eight new chapters on topics such as, the microbiome, lung transplant, and COVID-19 in the ICU. This is an ideal guide for all clinicians taking care of patients with pulmonary and critical care diseases, as well as basic and translational scientists interested in how obesity affects respiratory health.

This book provides practice questions in a case-based format to prepare for the National Board of Echocardiography's examination to assess “Special Competence in Critical Care Echocardiography”.Focused on the exam's core topics, this textbook caters to physicians who are preparing for the Critical Care Echocardiography board examination. Defining features of each chapter include case based scenarios with videos and supporting images, meaningful and relevant multiple-choice questions, key take-aways and a summary. This book is the product of a multidisciplinary collaboration between ICU physicians (Pulmonary, Internal Medicine and Anesthesiology), Cardiologists, and Anesthesiologists.This book meets the needs of physicians from various disciplines preparing for the critical care echocardiography board examination.

This innovative resource serves as a fusion of an MCQ guide and a textbook, providing essential content for postgraduate trainees gearing up for the FFICM Final exam, a vital part of the CCT in Intensive Care Medicine.Crafted to meet the unique requirements of the MCQ while also addressing the necessity for concise, well-structured responses in the OSCE, this book prioritises quick topic transitions, delivering focused, streamlined learning across a range of ICM topics. Its uniqueness lies in its unorthodox structure; rather than having a conventional table of contents, it gives you the freedom to start your learning adventure from any page.Each of the 1,400 facts is structured as a question, reflecting the format of both exams. Answers are conveniently positioned just below, eliminating the need for constant page-flipping. The material is carefully curated to cover the breadth of the ICM curriculum, weaving in valuable insights from the author's and colleagues'exam experiences. Random questions replicate the unpredictability of both exams and enhance the reader's capacity to swiftly switch between topics during self-assessment. This balances knowledge application and active recall while using memory-enhancing methods like self-quizzing, chunking, and spaced repetition.

The duty to administer clinical care to a diverse population that is connected solely by the severity of their illness is what makes medicine special. Nowadays, we have access to hundreds of different diagnostic techniques. Choosing the right diagnostic test for a particular clinical circumstance is one of the challenges that professionals in the medical field regularly confront. It is best to utilize a test that is accessible, reliable, repeatable, and appropriate for the circumstances at hand whenever possible. This little book aims to provide a simplified approach for choosing and interpreting investigations.

This book describes Emergency Ultrasound (EFAST echo, Lung Ultrasound, Vascular Ultrasound and Transthoracic Echocardiograhy) and all ultrasound technics in Anesthesia practice, i.e. Gastric Ultrasound, Airway Ultrasound and Ultrasound guided vascular access.The book is divided into 11 sections and each section is devoted to a well-defined topic that are further investigated in the dedicated chapters richly and fully illustrated with colored and detailed sonoanatomy drawings. The volume represents a very useful, practical and highly didactic tool.It presents concise up-to-date and evidence-based knowledge in POCUS and explains the use and benefits of ultrasound for intensivists, anesthesiologists, emergency specialists and allied professionals, as well.

This open access book, published by Springer under the Open Access CC BY 4.0 Licence in collaboration with the International Fluid Academy (IFA, www.fluidacademy.org), explores rationalized intravenous fluid therapy for critically ill patients. Despite being commonly prescribed in inpatient settings, intravenous fluids are often administered without evidence-based guidelines, neglecting essential considerations such as the fact they are drugs, that need proper dosing, duration, indications, contraindications, side effects, and de-escalation. This book fills this knowledge gap. Each chapter starts with a clinical vignette and a related question, followed by a concise summary abstract, key learning points, main text, and a conclusion that addresses the clinical question and provides relevant take-home messages. Additionally, every chapter includes an IFA commentary referencing the latest literature and evidence. The book begins with an introductory chapter that provides definitions and terminology, followed by four sections. The first section covers the fundamentals of intravenous fluid therapy, including fluid compartments in sick patients, fluid bolus dynamics, heart-lung interactions, fluid challenge, fluid responsiveness, arterial blood gas analysis based on traditional and Stewart concepts, and electrolyte physiology relevant to clinical issues. The second section discusses commercially available intravenous fluids, while the third section focuses on fluid therapy in specific clinical situations. The final section introduces the concepts of fluid stewardship and appropriate fluid prescription. Aligned with the International Fluid Academy's mission to enhance education and promote research on fluid management and monitoring, ultimately improving patient survival rates, this book contributes significantly to establishing fluid stewardship at the bedside. It provides valuable support for physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals across various clinical disciplines working in emergency rooms, operating rooms, or intensive care units, aiding their everyday clinical practice.

The Primary FRCA is a marathon exam that requires candidates to concentrate on solving MCQs first and then prepare for the OSCE and SOE viva. The EDAIC Part 1 involves MCQs, and Part 2 uses viva to test candidates. All these exams demand a strong knowledge of basic sciences relevant to anaesthesia. The Fast Facts content aids quick revision in the lead up to the examinations and maximises the chances of exam success.Covering all the high-yield facts together with concept building, the content ensures that students benefit at all stages of their preparation, especially during the last few weeks before examinations. Past MCQs and core viva concepts have been presented in bullet points, tabular format and diagrams for easy assimilation. The Primary FRCA is shifting towards asking SBAs, and this book covers both the SBA and MTF formats of MCQs. It includes over 180 topics, and is subdivided into sections on Physiology, Pharmacology, Physics and Anatomy.The key ingredient to get through any exam is confidence. By facilitating timely revision of the entire curriculum, this book makes sure that candidates for both the Primary FRCA and for the EDAIC will enter the examination hall with a positive mindset and comprehensive knowledge of the basic sciences required by anaesthetists.

In spite of great improvements in prehospital, critical care, and surgical management, traumatic brain injury is still a leading cause of death and disability resulting in great socioeconomic burden. This book provides a comprehensive and practical perspective of the management of traumatic brain injury, from prehospital setting to discharge. Even more, the book highlights the importance of pathways (Trauma Center and Neurocritical Care Unit) and the central role of the specialized neurocritical care team and neurological critical care units in the practice of neurocritical care. Encouraging a practical, protocol-driven, multidisciplinary approach for both adult and pediatric patients, the authors provide a methodological description of the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with traumatic brain injury throughout the patient journey. Neuromonitoring assumes predominant importance, with an increasing role of noninvasive monitoring (near-infrared spectroscopy, Pupillometry, transcranial color Doppler-TCD, transcranial color duplex-TCCD, and optic nerve ultrasound) and neurophysiology (electroencephalography and evoked potentials) for early recognition of complications and rapid assessment of the effectiveness of medical treatment. However, the increasing amount of data increases the complexity of interpreting the collected information. The basic principles of multimodal monitoring and the computer-assisted method are presented to provide an overview of the future direction regarding the integration and interpretation of different data obtained from various techniques.Paying particular attention to prognosis and treatment-limiting decisions, the authors reviewed the critical role of neurorehabilitation and the clinical and bioethical perspective on brain death, organ donation, and communication with the family.

This is the third, fully revised edition of a well received book that provides clear practical guidance on all aspects of the penetrating trauma surgical treatment. It aims at fostering the type of strategic thinking that can save patients'lives. The coverage encompasses prehospital care and operative management in penetrating injuries to various body regions and specific organs. Tips, tricks and technical pearls are highlighted by experienced doctors and each chapter includes a list of the most important points to observe. This third edition of Penetrating Trauma has been extensively revised and updated – with inclusion of some entirely new chapters – to take into account the most recent trends in resuscitation, diagnostics, and treatment. It will be an ideal resource for all physicians managing penetrating trauma.

Nach dem erfolgreichen Buch Fallbeispiele Notfallmedizin erscheint mit Mehr Fallbeispiele Notfallmedizin ein weiteres Werk mit realen, spannenden und lehrreichen Fallbeispielen. Langjährig erfahrene Profis aus der Notfallmedizin schildern oft dramatisch verlaufene und menschlich berührende Notfalleinsätze, mit denen sie im Laufe ihres Berufslebens konfrontiert worden sind. Jeder Fall wird anhand aktueller Literatur diskutiert und schließt mit einem Fazit für die Praxis. Es wendet sich an alle, die in der Notfall - und Rettungsmedizin tätig sind und von der Erfahrung der Kolleginnen und Kollegen lernen wollen. Notärzte, Notärztinnen, Rettungssanitäter und Rettungssanitäterinnen erhalten so wertvolle Tipps für eigene, zukünftige Notfalleinsätze.

Published in 1997 as the first single-authored book on critical care neurology, The Practice of Emergency and Critical Care Neurology serves as a comprehensive guide to managing all aspects of critically ill neurologic patients. Following patients from the moment they enter the emergency department, this textbook demonstrates how specialists in the neurosciences assume full responsibility for patient care. Edited succinctly for relevance, this book differs from conventional textbooks by following the time course of clinical complexities as they emerge and change, instead of focusing on just the theoretical aspects of the field. Great emphasis is placed on the management of unstable and deteriorating patients. As any patient presents a unique, complex problem, the book pays special care in describing the considerations behind the rapid-fire decisions that comprise the work environment of the neurointensivist. In this new third edition, all chapters have been revised with added information and, in some, new concepts and ideas. Key features of this new edition include: 1. Additional chapters on the basics of neuroimaging and its interpretation; basic pharmacology issues in the intensive care setting (e.g., drug interactions and side effects); intoxications; the principles of critical care ultrasound and its relevance in the NeuroICU and the principles of neuro palliation including neuroethics 2. Rich illustrations using color photos of patients and drawings of important basic concepts of mechanisms in diseases of neurocritical care 3. Fully updated and comprehensive reference list 4. Narrated instruction video of the coma FOUR score

This book offers an essential guide to managing the most-debated hot topics of practical interest in anesthesia and intensive care. It reviews the state of the art in issues concerning both intensive care medicine and anesthesia.Written by leading experts and including updated references, it provides a comprehensive, easy-to-follow update on anesthesia and intensive care. The book clearly explains complex topics, offering practicing clinicians valuable insights into the latest recommendations and evidence in the field while, at the same time, making it a vital resource for students new to the fields of anesthesia and intensive care.

This book has 32 chapters and approximately 950+ MCQs related to critical care medicine. Emphasis has been attributed to tropical diseases; infection control; neurocritical care; quality; patient safety; ethics; hemodynamic; and mechanical ventilation. The answers have been given for MCQs along with explanations and appropriate references at the end of every chapter. This book is highly interactive; and the content has been so designed as to cover the syllabus of critical care medicine training courses.

This book would interest all scientists, doctors and nurses involved in the prescription and administration of fluid therapy in the management of shock, acutely ill patients and those undergoing major surgery. It reports on fourteen new scientific discoveries in physics, physiology and medicine that form the new scientific foundation of fluid therapy which will revolutionise current understanding and practice.

This book is a comprehensive resource on acute neurorehabilitation consultations. When a patient first undergoes a traumatic brain or acquired spinal cord injury, an immediate consultation is needed with a rehabilitation specialist. In-depth literature reviews, practice guidelines, and case studies offer in-depth, practical coverage of the complete neurorehabilitation consultation with information on specific testing tools and metrics. The acute care consultant works in concert with other physicians and medical professionals, so throughout the text considerations on how to best organize the team to maximize care is carefully considered. Chapters also explore acute neurological sequelae, including arousal and stimulation, sleep, agitation, spasticity, and seizure prevention, for which an acute care consultant could provide important insight, treatment, and future management recommendations. The book concludes with advice on how to best transition patients from acute to long-term care, including patient prognostication and family education. This is an ideal guide for physiatrists and neurologists aiming to maximize recovery outcomes for their patients.