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This book identifies the key scientific articles in the field of Intensive Care and explains why these papers are important in contemporary clinical management. Identifying those influential contributors who have shaped the practice of modern Intensive care practice, the book includes commentaries on 50 seminal papers in a wide range of areas. enal This an invaluable reference for trainees, fellows, and surgeons studying for exams, as well as for seasoned surgeons and physicians who want to stay current in their field.

In this lucid, readable book Trisha Greenhalgh provides the basics of evidence based medicine: how to find a medical research paper, assess it for its scientific validity, and where relevant, put the findings into practice. Written for anyone, medically qualified or not, who wishes to understand and apply evidence based medicine, How to Read a Paper makes seemingly obscure concepts clear and relevant, using practical examples and considering all the main types of research paper. This book is a comprehensive introduction to the usefulness and potential applications of evidence based medicine in the clinical setting.

First FRCR Anatomy: Mock Papers offers up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of practice cases for trainees preparing for the First FRCR Anatomy exam. Fifteen complete mock papers are presented in exactly the same structure as the First FRCR Anatomy exam, enabling trainees to practice and improve exam technique. Featuring a wealth of practice cases covering all the key topics, this book is an essential revision tool to maximise chances of exam success. 300 high-quality images reflect the full breadth of topics encountered in the exam. 15 mock papers cover the full range of imaging modalities. Answers feature concise explanations to consolidate knowledge. Illustrations in the answers help to simplify complex anatomy and improve understanding. Use this text as a start to your radiological career and continue to study normal radiological anatomy: it is fundamental to the understanding of pathology and to the expertise you bring to patients'diagnosis and treatment.

Medicine for MRCP provides a comprehensive review of the material that you need to pass the MRCP Parts 1 and 2 written papers. The twenty-seven chapters mapped out to the RCP syllabus, cover all areas from molecular medicine and genetics, through to medical law and ethics. Written by specialist contributors and educational experts, the content is carefully crafted to build your understanding for both papers. Each chapter begins with the basic science required for Part 1, before covering clinical medicine for Part 1, Part 2 and the PACES examinations. To ensure effective revision, material is presented in short sections with bullet lists, tables, and boxes. Over 150 drawings and photos illustrate key principles and clinical topics making them easier to retain. References to evidence-based protocols and directions to further reading allow for deeper understanding. Candidates can review their progress via the 180 end-of chapter self-assessment questions. Drawing on the authors'expertise, Medicine for MRCP is the ideal companion for the MRCP as well as a useful reference guide for practicing medical doctors.

This volume provides a selection of chapters on new developments in various areas of clinical medicine, including dental, surgery, and general practice. These scientific chapters analyze the diagnostic processes and inform of new and novel diagnostic techniques. This book is divided into two sections; the first section contains review papers and includes an overview of experimental and clinical medicine, explaining its history to modern times. The second section presents a selection of original research papers from respected authors on a variety of topics.

Sports and exercise have been intensely advocated as protective lifestyle measures which prevent or reduce the risk of severe health issues, including cardiovascular disease. More extreme forms of sports (for instance at high altitudes) have been identified as an important way of promoting cardiovascular adaptation, but have also been associated with adverse effects and even major cardiovascular events in predisposed individuals. Participating in more commonplace sports and exercise, such as football, may also increase a person's risk of cardiac events. This publication is timely in the light of a burgeoning number of clinical papers in the field. The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology provides an overview of the detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease in elite athletes and young sports professionals in training, as well as prevention. It will be useful for clinical cardiologists, sports physicians, and general physicians alike. Split into 11 key areas in sports cardiology, ranging from sudden cardiac death in athletes to the most common cardiovascular abnormalities seen in athletes, and to the effects of substance abuse and doping, the text is an invaluable resource covering all aspects of sports cardiology. Access to the digital version of the textbook is included with purchase of the printed version. Highly illustrated with embedded multimedia features, together with cross-referenced links to related content and primary research data in major journals in the field, the digital version provides users with a dynamic and forward-thinking resource. The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology is the second textbook from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and aligns with ESC clinical practice guidelines and EAPC recommendations and position papers.

The purpose of this eBook is to overcome a key barrier for the dissemination of psychological interventions into practice, by supporting the public accessibility of evidence-based treatment manuals and implementation guides for comorbid mental and substance use disorders. Our intentions are twofold. First, to facilitate further research and replication of comorbidity treatment models internationally, thereby growing and strengthening the field and improving what we'know'. Second, to enable clinicians across primary, secondary, and tertiary services to implement high quality, theoretically grounded, and empirically-supported psychosocial treatments with people experiencing mental and substance use disorders, thereby improving what we'do'. This eBook brings together a collection of papers that describe the treatment procedures for comorbid presentations encountered in diverse clinical settings. The diversity of treatment approaches described reflects the very nature of comorbidity: where the combination of heterogenous diagnostic, demographic and contextual features can complicate treatment. Furthermore, these papers acknowledge and address the unique challenges of working in outpatient, inpatient and custodial settings.

This volume represents the results of the Sixteenth International Conference for Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology, entitled “Neuroscience, Logic and Mental Development”.This edited collection brings together selected plenary and keynote papers from the conference, and represents a major contribution to an interdisciplinary dialogue in mental health through the use of new philosophical tools, emerging from neuroscience, clinical psychology, phenomenology and epistemology.The papers gathered in this volume are divided into four parts, depending on their disciplinary paradigm. The papers included in Part I are focused on advances in neuroscience and neuroimaging as theoretical underpinnings for progress in psychiatric and psychological explanations. Special attention is paid here to the critical reappraisal of current approaches to the implementation of neuroscience in mental health. Some of these papers end with suggestions for modifications to contemporary research programs. The papers belonging to Part II contribute to the psychological understanding of mental disorders, particularly personality disorders. Parts III and IV trace the implications of phenomenology and epistemology for the improvement of an interdisciplinary pluralogue in psychiatry.

Adventure Therapy around the Globe is an important, peer-reviewed collection of papers pulled from the from the 5th and 6th International Adventure Therapy Conference proceedings. These papers present international perspectives and diverse approaches to adventure therapy theory, practice and research. Adventure therapy program models and interventions from around the world are presented here to help adventure therapy practitioners develop new ideas and approaches for helping participants find healing and enhance wellbeing in the natural world.

Since pain management became a specialty in its own right and following the tremendous breakthroughs made by several pioneer researchers, we have seen major developments in the field and a growing international interest represented at the many national conferences and the World Pain Congress and European Congress. But there is still much to do, as there are still groups under-represented in the research such as children, older adults and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Also, we do not have all the answers, and pain is an area where traditional medicine may well be complemented by the field of complementary and alternative therapies. In this book, we have gathered recent papers related to many aspects of pain and pain management and it is our hope that you will all benefit from the wisdom in the many research papers.

Malaria: Volume 2, Pathology, Vector Studies, and Culture is a collection of papers that deals with erythrocyte destruction mechanism in malaria, the pathology of malaria, colonization of laboratory mosquitoes, and their transmission of plasmodia. Other papers describe the culture of the invertebrate stages of plasmodia, of mosquito tissues, and also of erythrocytic and exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodia. One paper constructs a model to show the roles of the different destructive and regenerative processes in the mechanisms of erythrocyte destruction in malaria. Another paper describes the organ changes and physiopathological mechanism connected with Plasmodium infection. These organs concern the spleen, liver, heart, and vascular system. One paper reviews the procedures involved in malaria transmission by mosquitoes, as well as some specialized procedures unique in avian, rodent, simian, and human malarias. Another paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of a culture medium based on the composition of adult anopheline hemolymph. This medium should lead to a rapid growth rate in primary cultures of mosquito cells and a shorter interval of adaptation for continuous cell lines. The collection can prove useful for pharmacologists, general medical practitioners, investigators, and laboratory technicians involved in mosquito borne diseases or tropical medicine research.

Published by Peter Lang in 2007, The Impact of Hospitals 300-2000 (ed. Henderson, Horden and Pastore) comprised a selection of the papers delivered at two conferences (in 1999 and 2001) that were organised by the International Network for the History of Hospitals (INHH). The present volume, based on the Network's 2009 Barcelona conference, offers a new, wide-ranging collection of papers on the theme of ‘Hospitals and Communities'. It discusses a select group of hospitals and communities, including those based in Europe and the Americas, from three main perspectives: isolation and disease, communities and the poor, and war and hospitals. The subject of community has been researched extensively by sociologists and anthropologists, less so by historians. The 2009 conference challenged participants to consider the idea of community in relationship to the hospital and, particularly, to reflect on how historians should approach the wide range of communities that continue to be shaped by the work of these institutions. Collectively, the case studies in this volume demonstrate that navigation of the history of hospitals requires an understanding of the societies in which these institutions operated. In other words, hospital histories are not just stories about medical institutions; they offer considerable insight into the communities in which they were situated and with which they intersected.

Handbook of Studies on Depression is a collection of papers on the research and general overview of studies on depression from many countries of the world. Divided into four sections, the handbook presents an international coverage of depression, which is becoming a major worldwide clinical problem. Section I is a collection of studies in classification, phenomenology, etiology of depression, and the classification of depression and response to treatments. The genetic factors contributing to depression, effects on children, and the affective symptoms in non-western countries are described. Section II focuses on studies in the treatment of depression, examining the modes of actions of antidepressants, the use of electroconvulsive treatment, and psychosurgery for depressive illnesses. Section III moves forward to the research made on depression, including problems in clinical research, the discovery of effective antidepressant and antimanic drugs, and research into clinical psychoendocrinology, particularly on the function of the adrenal cortex in depression. Concluding this section is a paper on which depression includes a broad spectrum of psychopathology, making biological research more difficult. The last section is a discussion on the aspects of depression. Common topics examined are the management of bereavement; suicide; the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants on cardiac function; and the management of drug over dosage, especially those acts associated with depression. Psychologists, psychiatrists, medical students, school counselors, marriage guidance counselors, select members of the police force, and even parents who are interested in the subject of depression will find this handbook both useful and informative.

OVERVIEW: This discussion paper brings together evidence and experience from around the world focusing on making health systems more gender responsive. The paper uses a framework that combines WHO's six building blocks for health systems and the primary health care reforms propounded in the World Health Report 2008 on primary health care. Furthermore, the paper provides examples of what has worked and how, and ends with an agenda for action to strengthen the work of policy-makers, their advisers and development partners as well as practitioners as they seek to integrate gender equality perspectives into health systems strengthening, including primary health care reforms.

This book provides 300 practice MCQs divided into three practice papers. Correct answers follow, accompanied by short referenced notes drawing from recent important journal articles, major critical care textbooks and selected internet resources. Since there is no other dedicated intensive care MCQ book on the market, this book is relevant to the following groups: junior intensive care trainees, senior intensive care nursing staff wishing to enhance their medical knowledge, intensive care consultants as a teaching aid and trainees preparing for professional examinations. This MCQ book will also be ideal in preparation for the European Diploma in Intensive Care Medicine (EDIC) Part 1 examination, as the questions are matched as closely as possible in style and difficulty to those in the EDIC Part 1. The EDIC is an internationally recognised qualification for medical trainees in intensive care, set by the European Society for Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). It is a two-part examination consisting of a 100-question multiple choice paper (Part 1) and a clinical and viva voce examination (Part 2). To ensure relevance, the questions are designed with reference to the training syllabus provided by the ESICM.

This is an open access book. The book provides an overview of the state of research in developing countries – Africa, Latin America, and Asia (especially India) and why research and publications are important in these regions. It addresses budding but struggling academics in low and middle-income countries. It is written mainly by senior colleagues who have experienced and recognized the challenges with design, documentation, and publication of health research in the developing world. The book includes short chapters providing insight into planning research at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, issues related to research ethics, and conduct of clinical trials. It also serves as a guide towards establishing a research question and research methodology. It covers important concepts such as writing a paper, the submission process, dealing with rejection and revisions, and covers additional topics such as planning lectures and presentations. The book will be useful for graduates, postgraduates, teachers as well as physicians and practitioners all over the developing world who are interested in academic medicine and wish to do medical research.

The book titled ‘Prebiotics, Probiotics and Nutraceuticals'is expected to direct many emerging research pathwaysneed at local and global levels for nutrition and food supplements for developing immunity for healthy life. This volume incorporates sixteen seminal papers on issue based research and their practical applications covering latest information and progress on different area of nutritional supplement research fight against disease. The book highlights the frontier issues and applications in nutritional biotechnology with wide coverage of the themes like Potentiality of Probiotics in Inactivation of Tetrodotoxin, Therapeutic Strategy for the Deterrence of COVID-19 with Relevance to Probiotics and Prospectives of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics for Sustainable Development in Aquaculture.Plant based Bioactive compounds in Cancer Therapeutics, Recent Trends in Natural Medicines and Nutraceuticals Research, Probiotics as efficacious therapeutic option for treating gut-related diseases: molecular and immune-biological perspectives, The progressive development of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics research, and its multipurpose use in the ornamental fishery, The commercial perspective of probiotics, and bioremediating components in aquaculture pond management: A Case Study andPrebiotics as promising therapeutics for treating gut-related disorders : Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives. Prebiotics and Probiotics as Functional Foods: Prospect and Promises in Metabolic Diseases, Implications of probiotics and prebiotics on immune functions. Recent Trends in Natural Medicines and Nutraceuticals Research, Nutraceuticals are alternative to modern medicines, Socio-Economic Study of Prospective of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic for sustainable development of aquaculture in Indian Sunderban. This book will be very useful for the scholars, biotechnologists, agricultural scientists, nutritionist, medical doctors, researchers, teachers and students in the emerging field of biotechnology.

Despite the large U.S. investment in health science, and the vast and growing body of peer-reviewed research findings it has produced, a compelling body of evidence suggests that research too often has been slow, inefficient, and fallen short of desired impacts on health. A key question is how research might be changed to be more innovative, less wasteful, and more responsive to unmet health needs. One emerging response within clinical and translational science is to advance an approach that attempts to close the gap between research scientists and key stakeholders; the individuals and groups responsible for or affected by health-related decisions. Broadly engaged team science promises to support this aim by transforming the gold standard, multi-disciplinary team science, to include key stakeholders in activities across the research spectrum. These new roles and responsibilities range from generating research questions to implementing research projects,to aiding in the translation of discoveries from the laboratory to the community. A transition to broadly engaged team science reflects the idea that inclusivity and a diversity of perspectives are necessary to achieving progress in addressing complex health issues while representing a new benchmark for ethical research practice. This is one of the first collections of papers describing how clinical and translational science researchers are defining and implementing new research practices, and the successes and challenges involved. This book represents a first and critical step towards organizing knowledge of broadly engaged team science and advancing the development of evidence-based practices. Written in an accessible style, this book is intended to highlight the breadth of broadly engaged team science within one community, motivate researchers and stakeholders to build inclusive teams, bring rigor to often informal stakeholder engagement research practices and encourage people to think more broadly about the development of scientific knowledge. It includes examples of multi-disciplinary, broadly engaged team science projects, the perspectives of academic leaders about the changes needed to encourage scientists to conduct broadly engaged team science, and a resource directory.

This book examines the role of antioxidants and of the immune system in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and recurrent miscarriage. Whilst many papers have discussed the role of antioxidants in pre-eclampsia and, that of the immune system, hitherto publication has not considered the two simultaneously. The role of the immune system in recurrent miscarriage has been the subject of many papers but whether antioxidants play a part in miscarriage has been less well studied. In many ways the problems encountered in the two disorders are similar, and this book brings them together.

El objetivo de este libro es ofrecer un espacio de reflexión y posibles respuestas a fenómenos relacionados con la convergencia entre el ojo y la medicina. Lo anterior se realiza mediante el diálogo entre estudiantes y profesionales con diferentes campos y niveles de formación, con el objeto de lograr un saber transdisciplinar del ojo, un órgano dotado de variedad de metáforas, significados y funcionalidades. El presente texto recopila a manera de working papers y apuntes de sesión el resultado de un viaje por el ojo humano, un viaje que atraviesa el arte, la medicina, la literatura y la espiritualidad. Esperamos lo disfrute y que tenga la luminosidad precisa para el asombro.

This book describes How to Write the Thesis and Thesis Protocol: A Primer for Medical, Dental, and Nursing Courses. A thesis is seen as the culmination of research conducted as a postgraduate and is submitted as the final end product. Each thesis is a unique piece of research, with intent to extend the academic information in the area of specialization. The structure of the thesis explains the purpose, the previous research literature related to the topic of the study, the methods used, and the findings of the study conducted. This book is organized into 28 chapters, which follow the sequence of events in engaging with a thesis. A unique feature is the numerous examples in each chapter illustrating what to do, and often, what not to do. This book provides useful tools to improve thesis writing. It covers the basic information about conducting a good quality research and converting it into a quality thesis. A bibliography is provided at the end of each chapter for those wishing to delve further into the intricacies of biomedical research. This book shall also encourage the young medical researchers to convert their thesis into scientific papers in national and international acclaimed journals.

Treating rheumatic disorders is usually a complex matter requiring a variety of methods. The selection of a therapeutic regimen depends on the type, severity and the stage of the disease. Thousands of people are affected by this condition with rheumatoid arthritis alone affecting approximately 1% of the population in the UK and other developed countries in the western world. The latest volume in a series that is already an established favourite with clinicians, The Year in Rheumatic Disorders 2003 continues to provide a compact overview of the most important papers published over the past 12 months. Written and compiled by an expert team the journal extends coverage of the first 2 volumes, reporting on the most up-to-date medical literature in this area. Papers are included on osteoarthritis, phospholid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and the most recent advances in Fibromyalgia Syndrome, a widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue disorder for which the cause is still unknown. The expertise of the editors and contributors of this volume ensures that the reader is provided with a swift yet complete current awareness service keeping them up-to-date with progress of this condition. This is an immensely valuable addition to the earlier published volumes and an essential resource for all physicians and specialists involved with treating patients with rheumatic disease.

This book serves as a concise revision aid for the case histories section of the written paper for Part 2 of the MRCP examination. The book assists candidates in developing the necessary speed, thoroughness and accuracy in applying clinical examination and diagnosis in the exam setting. This book should be of interest to MRCP candidates, and postgraduate physicians.

Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva: A Revision Guide 2e provides the framework and knowledge to pass the non-subspecialty sections of the FRCS (General Surgery) viva and clinical examination. This comprehensive and up to date revision text covers all essential topics in critical care, emergency and general surgery as well as research papers, basic statistics and data manipulation for the academic section.This essential revision guide provides you with the vital points for each topic, presented in a concise, structured manner and referenced where appropriate. It is essential reading for anyone preparing for the FRCS General Surgery exam.

Dr. Catalano has for the last ten years been doing consulting for the Pharmaceutical Industry. During his consulting he discovered that small businesses such as, generic, startups, and virtual companies do not have the budget or the resources to apply the computer software utilized in project management and therefore do not apply project management principles in their business model. This reduces their effectiveness and increases their operating cost. Application of Project Management Principles to the Management of Pharmaceutical R&D Projects is presented as a paper-based system for completing all the critical activities needed apply the project management system. This will allow these small business to take advantage of the project management principles and gain all the advantages of the system. This book will be beneficial for beginners to understand the concepts of project management and for small pharmaceutical companies to apply the principlesof project management to their business model.

The New England Journal of Medicine is one of the most important general medical journals in the world. Doctors rely on the conclusions it publishes, and most do not have the time to look beyond abstracts to examine methodology or question assumptions. Many of its pronouncements are conveyed by the media to a mass audience, which is likely to take them as authoritative. But is this trust entirely warranted? Theodore Dalrymple, a doctor retired from practice, turned a critical eye upon a full year of the Journal, alert to dubious premises and to what is left unsaid. In False Positive, he demonstrates that many of the papers it publishes reach conclusions that are not only flawed, but obviously flawed. He exposes errors of reasoning and conspicuous omissions apparently undetected by the editors. In some cases, there is reason to suspect actual corruption. When the Journal takes on social questions, its perspective is solidly politically correct. Practically no debate on social issues appears in the printed version, and highly debatable points of view go unchallenged. The Journal reads as if there were only one possible point of view, though the American medical profession (to say nothing of the extensive foreign readership) cannot possibly be in total agreement with the stances taken in its pages. It is thus more megaphone than sounding board. There is indeed much in the New England Journal of Medicine that deserves praise and admiration. But this book should encourage the general reader to take a constructively critical view of medical news and to be wary of the latest medical doctrines.

Since dentistry is a branch of medicine with its own peculiarities and very diverse areas of action, it can be considered as an interdisciplinary field. BIODENTAL ENGINEERING IV contains the full papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Biodental Engineering (BIODENTAL 2016, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal, 21—23 June 2016), and covers the use of new techniques and technologies in dentistry. The contributions provide a comprehensive coverage of the state-of-the art in this area, and addresses the following topics: • Aesthetics• Bioengineering• Biomaterials• Biomechanical disorders• Biomedical devices• Computational bio- imaging and visualization• Computational methods• Dental medicine• Experimental mechanics• Signal processing and analysis• Implantology• Minimally invasive devices and techniques• Orthodontics• Prosthesis and orthosis• Simulation• Software development• Telemedicine• Tissue engineering• Virtual realityBIODENTAL ENGINEERING IV will be of interest to academics and professionals involved or interested in dentistry, biomechanical disorders, numerical simulation, orthodontics, implantology, aesthetics, dental medicine, medical devices and medical imaging.

•The prime purpose of the treatise is to remove the fear of statistics as an extra-terrestrial object and to foster the scientific way of thinking. •Pure mathematical approach has been limited to minimum possible with focus on the concepts. •Provides a complete overview of the statistical methods in a concise and precise manner to build a strong foundation for understanding the advanced tools and techniques. •Concepts have been compared wherever possible so that the fine differences are captured and conveyed. •Includes new Chapter on ‘Back to School'that reviews the elementary concepts such as fractions, logs, set theory, permutation and combination, etc. to recapitulate the concepts left behind in high school. •Chapter on ‘Measurement and Error Analysis'is added that focuses on research papers and clinical trials. •Incorporates additional topics such as life table, Kaplan-Meier curves, interpolation, time series, etc. •Also deals with subjects, such as statistical quality control, decision theory, and index numbers, useful in medical administration. •The appeal of this book lies in the fact that everyone from students to the hardened primary investigators will find this book useful.

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration and the Office of Academic Affiliations recognized the need to rapidly transform VA's clinical education strategies and workplace learning environment to support the preparation of the nation's future health professionals (interns, trainees, residents, fellows) to practice in higher quality, safer and more efficient team-based care and collaborative practice environments. VA's five Centers of Excellence of Primary Care Education (CoEPCE) in collaboration with academic affiliate partners, each serve as incubators for teaching and learning in VA's Medical Home Model termed Interprofessional Academic Patient Aligned Care Teams (iAPACTs). This compendium of five case studies is written from the voice of those implementing innovative interprofessional education and infrastructure in clinical environments within primary care. With this compendium, teams tells stories rarely published in traditional academic venues. This volume is designed to illustrate five unique strategies by which interprofessional team-based education can occur in clinical settings. The case studies will provide the reader with information and resources to support the implementation of complex interprofessional curricula and practice in their own primary care or other clinical setting. NOTE: Please use this proper citation if portions of this original material is integrated in other published works or single use papers,'Centers of Excellence in Primary Care Education. (2017). Compendium of Five Case Studies: Lessons for Interprofessional Teamwork in Education and Workplace Learning Environments 2011-2016 (S. Gilman & L. Traylor Eds.): United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations. ISBN: 978-0-16-094202-0'

This book is concerned with the interdisciplinary studies applying computer technologies to the theory and practice of art therapy. The contents consist of the author's sixteen papers published, twelve patents in Korea, Japan, and the U.S.A., and other relevant materials, all organized in a logical sequence. This book is intended for art therapy courses at upper undergraduate and graduate levels. No prior computer knowledge is assumed. Interpretation of drawings no longer needs to be done manually by the therapists themselves because, as this book argues, computerized systems can perform the steps of evaluation and interpretation. The difficult concept of computer science is explained in a simple and concrete way with illustrations, sample drawings, and case studies. This book explains sta­tistical methods, various functions of a computer, technologies in digital image processing, computer algorithms, methodologies in expert systems, and the Bayesian network. All these elements can be used to improve the practice and theory in the evaluation of art and the interpretation of art. Readers do not need to worry about unfamiliar terms such as digital image, algorithm, expert system, and Bayesian network which appear here. Neither should they be concerned about pixel, cluster, edge, blurring, convex hull, regression, etc., the terms which appear later in the book. These terms will be explained with illustrations and drawings for easy understanding. Computational Art Therapy will not only promote the use of various art therapy tools but also provide a foundation for new methodologies through which art therapy researchers can develop their own methodologies to improve the practice and theory of art therapy. It will be of special interest to those studying art therapy, psychology, psychiatry, art, computer science and applied statistics.

This book intends to increase general knowledge about two of the most studied and prevalent emotions in everyday life: anger and anxiety. Despite being a major aim of many research studies and theoretical perspectives, there are still many controversies and issues that remain unsolved. Therefore, this book includes a collection of chapters that provide a further advance not only on the theoretical issues related to anger and anxiety, but also includes recent empirical findings in different applied contexts (e.g., military, sports, etc.). The chapters are distributed between two major sections: a) Theoretical and conceptual approaches; and b) research and implications. About twenty-four authors and co-authors with diverse scientific backgrounds and from ten different countries have tried to expand our knowledge on anger and anxiety, through ten conceptual and empirical papers, including laboratorial and applied field studies, with such diverse populations such as children, adolescents and adults. Overall, within an integrative perspective, these studies highlight (among other issues) the importance of considering the many self-regulation processes (e.g., coping, emotion regulation, self-control, etc.) associated with these emotions as well as their consequences and effects on health outcomes, interpersonal relationships and general psychological functioning. The editors believe this book will be an important contribution to the future theory and research of anxiety and anger by promoting other reviews and studies toward a better comprehension of how individuals deal with these emotions across several life and applied domains. Hopefully, this book will also fuel further investigations that combine both of these emotions, which often seem to arise simultaneously. Ultimately, the main aim of this book is to provide important guidelines and cues for interventions directed at helping individuals dealing and managing their anxiety and anger, contributing to their overall well-being, psychological functioning and general adaptation to everyday complex demands.

Virtual reality and human interaction with it is a complex topic, and certainly not one which will be mastered overnight; but across the world, there is excellent research being carried out for all of these important domains. As humanity extends its understanding of the interplay with these system components, developers will be well-positioned to design better and more effective virtual reality interventions and come closer to realising the full potential of virtual reality for health and well-being. In this book, the authors present a number of short papers from research groups around the world working in this important and complex field. The chapters explore a range of issues, suggesting routes forward and offering insights into both the potential and the challenges of this rapidly maturing technology.

William Watson Cheyne (1852-1932), a surgeon by training and a student of Joseph Lister, was a prominent British bacteriologist who published 60 papers and 13 monographs from 1879 to 1927. A proponent of the idea that bacteriology and medicine were interdependent disciplines, he investigated the causes and treatment of wound infections, tuberculosis, cholera, tetanus and gangrene. In 1897, he organized an historical outline of 19th century bacteriology in five landmark periods of discovery, each defined by the work of an influential figure. This study documents his contributions to the history of microbiology and describes his activities as a laboratory investigator, clinician, surgeon, translator, editor and educator.

The examination system all over the world keeps on changing as science and technology continues to evolve and develop. To qualify any examination system, besides the textbook knowledge, a candidate is expected to demonstrate the skills of clinical examination and data interpretation, the art of communication, decision-making and the management issues. With this sole determination the book “Bedside Clinics and Viva-Voce in Obstetrics and Gynecology” has been written. Exhaustive case discussions, commonly presented in the examination (both in obstetrics and gynecology) have been made. All the chapters provide innumerable model answers which are framed in a simple, concise and easy-to-reproduce manner. SBAs and MCQs are still the accepted modes of evaluation throughout the world. More than 600 MCQs have been discussed in the book. Current question papers of various universities have been solved. Model answers are given for short questions to guide the students especially when the question needs justification or critical evaluation. Approximately 350 clinical photographs, sketches, boxes, tables, flow charts, partographs, cardiotocographs are incorporated to cope up with the need of the changing examination pattern. This book is equally essential for the homeopathic, ayurvedic, and nursing students and also the midwives. The postgraduate students will find it informative and time-saving. Specialists and practitioners will be benefitted as they like to refresh and update their knowledge. It is a handy book that helps quick revision and memorization. It aims to sharpen the clinical skills as well as the art of communication.

Intensive care medicine is a dynamic and evolving specialty, requiring its practitioners to be part physician, physiologist and anaesthetist. This requires a firm foundation of knowledge and an ability to apply this to the clinical situation. This book contains 270 multiple-choice questions allowing self-assessment of the breadth of knowledge required of the modern intensivist. The book is divided into three papers each consisting of 60 multiple true false (MTF) and 30 single best answer (SBA) questions covering areas including resuscitation, diagnosis, disease management, organ support, and ethical and legal aspects of practice. The MTF questions test factual knowledge and understanding of the evidence base underpinning intensive care medicine, while the SBA questions test the ability of the candidate to prioritise, compete options and make the best decision for the patient. Each question is peer reviewed and accompanied by concise and detailed explanatory notes with references to guide further reading. All the authors are practising intensive care physicians with firsthand experience of professional examinations in the specialty. This book will appeal to intensive care physicians approaching professional examinations worldwide, including the European Diploma, American Board and Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine examinations. In addition, it will appeal to intensive care nurses and allied healthcare professionals wishing to update their knowledge as part of continuing professional development, and to physicians sitting professional examinations in related specialties requiring knowledge of intensive care medicine such as general medicine, general surgery and anaesthesia. This new book will complement the existing international best-selling title ‘Multiple Choice Questions in Intensive Care Medicine'(ISBN 978 1 903378 64 9), also written by Dr Steve Benington.

Critical Care MCQs is the perfect companion for anyone sitting exams in intensive care, as a training resource or just wanting to improve their knowledge in this constantly developing area of medical practice. Written by critical care doctors with experience of UK and European examination formats, this book leads the reader through 450 true/false questions with referenced explanations, covering core syllabus topics and key influential papers to date. A detailed list of further resources and recommendations relevant to critical care revision is also provided to enable readers to further their knowledge and understanding. It is hoped that this book will prove invaluable for preparation and success in upcoming intensive care exams for both candidates and trainers. This book would be useful for not only candidates sitting the UK Final Fellowship of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) and European Diploma of Intensive Care (EDIC) exams, but also the Indian Diploma in Critical Care Medicine (IDCCM), the Diploma of the Irish Board of Intensive Care Medicine (DIBICM), the Australia and New Zealand Fellowship of the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM), American Board and any other country-related intensive care exams.

The vertigo is one of the commonest symptoms complained by patients. It is also a symptom variously referred by patients and may be present in several diseases. Therefore, this book could be a helpful tool for all physicians approaching patients with vertigo or dizziness. The general practitioner may learn how to approach a dizzy patient with basic steps ranging from the physical examination to instrumental tests. However, the book could be useful to specialist like Otorhinolaryngologist and Neurologist, who may read the latest updates on instrumental examination, therapy and rehabilitation of dizzy patients, as well as find in a single book the various approach to diagnose and treat several inner ear diseases causing vertigo. The book had the contribution of eminent specialists worldwide, that shared their experience with clear and synthetic chapters. The Editors Dr Francesco Dispenza and Dr Alessandro De Stefano have collected together the experiences of colleagues from America to Asia passing through Europe to give to the reader the most complete picture possible. The reader will be supported by about 1000 references, including cornerstone papers and recent bibliography, that will help to study in deep the vertigo, a complex symptom that must be known.

We have around 3000 ‘mitochondria'in each and every cell in our bodies. They are the powerhouses of our cells, essential for the production and management of energy at cell level. Dr Sarah Myhill, together with Dr John McLaren Howard of Acumen Laboratories and Dr Norman Booth of Mansfield College Oxford, has spent many years studying the relationship between their malfunction and the commonest problem seen by GPs in the UK – fatigue. Their research findings have been published in three scientific papers in the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, in 2009, 2012 and 2013. These studies showed that poor functioning of the mitochondria is the central problem in CFS. Patients with the worst mitochondrial function had the worst fatigue and vice versa. This is solid scientific evidence that CFS is a problem with mitochondria and has allowed the objective measurement of fatigue for the first time. With the publication of the third study, which showed that mitochondrial function tests and symptoms improved in patients who took measures to address their mitochondrial problems, Dr Myhill was ready to write this book. Here she explains the importance of healthy mitochondria, how we can measure their functioning and what we can do to keep them healthy, or restore them to health if problems arise. CFS is all in our cells, not in our minds!

Congenital Heart Diseases are of the utmost importance in modern cardiology. This is a book that deals with essential matters which are developed by experienced researchers in their respective fields. An updated approach to these issues was largely sought after. The authors share their own papers and experience with the enthusiastic professionals reading their work all throughout the chapters in an easy-to-read format. Modern medical practice demands continuous research on specific topics. Thereafter, this book is devoted to the development of the coronary arteries facing the fact that coronary artery disease is the most common cause of mortality in the developed world. The the role of the estrogen receptor and transforming growth factors in coronary intimal hyperplasia and thorough descriptions of new diagnostic techniques in congenital heart diseases are also displayed (severe congenital heart defects are generally diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after birth while less severe defects often are not diagnosed until children are older). Accordingly, complex malformations of the heart, fetal arrhythmias and pulmonary hypertension are also included. In as much as other specific subjects are relevant as well, topics like an etiological overview of intrauterine ductus arteriosus constriction, restrictive cardiomyopathy in children or hybrid procedures for congenital heart disease, namely palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, closure of muscular ventricular septal defect and stenting of branch pulmonary arteries are developed as well. Last but not least, the long-term outcomes of congenital heart diseases, including medical, interventional and emergency treatments, are examined.

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), also known as Human Herpes Virus 4, has been identified and described as the etiological agent of infectious mononucleosis. It is the first human virus found to be implicated in oncogenesis. EBV is associated with a number of biologically diverse cancers, mainly lymphoproliferations of B-cell origin. With the development of basic research and clinical medicine, new ideas related to the pathogenesis and clinical aspects of EBV-associated diseases have arisen recently. A significant progress in the number of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantations performed worldwide, involving high-risk patients, has contributed to an increase in the development of EBV-associated malignant post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. In the stem cell transplant setting, a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder has, in most cases, the nature of a secondary cancer. Apart from post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, other types of lymphoproliferative disorders are recognized and presented in this book. The main aim of this book is to provide readers with an overview of the impact of EBV on parameters that contribute to the development of malignancy in immunocompromised patients, particularly in recipients of a solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Also, current concepts and practices in the diagnosis, management and prevention of EBV-associated malignancies are highlighted, with special emphasis on transplant patients. The book is organized in two sections. The first section describes the oncogenic potential of the Epstein-Barr Virus along with a thorough appraisal of its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and B-cell lymphoma. This part is essential for situating EBV in the field of oncogenesis, and presenting the pivotal role of EBV in contemporary oncology and transplantology. This is followed by the second section, which answers some of the questions related to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. The book is a comprehensive collection of papers that describe the active processes induced by EBV in oncogenesis. As we live in the world where transplantation science is making rapid progress, the book is focused mostly on post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, as this topic is developing considerably. The issue of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is of great interest to scientists and clinicians due to significant changes in its epidemiology, diagnostics and therapy over the last decade. The epidemiology of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders has been influenced by a tremendous increase in mismatched and unrelated donor transplants. Current diagnostics of EBV-associated diseases is based on modern pathology, quantitative viremia and the use of positron emission tomography. A significant progress has been achieved in the therapy of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders with the use of rituximab and EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This book seeks a more comprehensive application of the knowledge on EBV and its role in the development of cancer. The publication is not a purely academic monograph as it contains a number of novel insights, concepts and hypotheses. We are presenting a book related to both basic and clinical research, and whose main audience is the healthcare community.

This book, published in two volumes, Volume 1 and Volume 2, respectively, represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of current literature on angiotensin inhibition and related topics in medicine, nephrology and cardiovascular medicine ever compiled. Top experts in the various fields of nephrology, hypertension, cardiovascular medicine, pharmacotherapeutics and related fields from all five continents have contributed essays, original papers, reviews and editorial opinions in this volume. This book has turned out to be the most authoritative reference source on ACEIs, with contributions made by leading experts in their various fields of medicine, from the USA, Europe, including the United Kingdom, South America, Australia-New Zealand, Asia including Japan, and Africa. Critically vital clinical topics are covered in this book by top world-renowned experts in different subspecialties, including classic topics such as the efficacy of ACE inhibition as an antihypertensive among the various ethnicities and races, as written from American, African, Caribbean and European perspectives This volume should indeed serve as a major literature reference text for physicians in general, internists, researchers, cardiologists and hypertension specialists, and especially the practitioners of the art of nephrology in all the countries around the world. Medical students and various physician training programs should reach for a copy of this volume as a research and teaching tool for many years to come. There is also a place here for research scientists in the pharmaceutical industry to review current and newly emerging indications for angiotensin inhibition and the future of reno-protection.

This book, published in two volumes, Volume 1 and Volume 2, respectively, represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of current literature on angiotensin inhibition and related topics in medicine, nephrology and cardiovascular medicine ever compiled. Top experts in the various fields of nephrology, hypertension, cardiovascular medicine, pharmacotherapeutics and related fields from all five continents have contributed essays, original papers, reviews and editorial opinions to this volume. This book has turned out to be the most authoritative reference source on ACEIs, with contributions made by leading experts in their various fields of medicine, from the USA, Europe, including the United Kingdom, South America, Australia-New Zealand, Asia including Japan, and Africa. Critically vital clinical topics are covered in this book by top world-renowned experts in different subspecialties, including classic topics such as the efficacy of ACE inhibition as an antihypertensive among the various ethnicities and races, as written from American, African, Caribbean and European perspectives. This volume should indeed serve as a major literature reference text for physicians in general, internists, researchers, cardiologists and hypertension specialists, and especially the practitioners of the art of nephrology in all the countries around the world. Medical students and various physician training programs should reach for a copy of this volume as a research and teaching tool for many years to come. There is also a place here for research scientists in the pharmaceutical industry to review current and newly emerging indications for angiotensin inhibition and the future of reno-protection.

Cerebral Sphingolipidoses: A Symposium on Tay-Sach's Disease and Allied Disorders is a collection of papers presented at the 1961 Symposium on the Cerebral Sphingolipidoses, held in Isaac Albert Research Institute of the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital and the Downstate Medical Center of the State University of New York. The contributors demonstrate the significance attached to an intensive study of Tay-Sach's and allied diseases. A unique feature of the Symposium was the constant awareness of the clinical implications of the fundamental studies presented. This book is organized into three sections encompassing 30 chapters. The first part deals with the morphological aspects of cerebral lipidoses, including the diagnosis, biopsy, pathology, and clinical features of these diseases. This part also provides case reports of specific cerebral sphingolipidoses. The second part highlights the biochemical aspects of Tay-Sach's and allied disorders. This part specifically looks into the mechanism of abnormal lipid metabolism, chemical pathology of lipids, and quantitative fractionation of complex lipid mixtures. This part also considers the characterization of accumulated gangliosides in brain, which is one the most striking features in infantile amaurotic idiocy, a type of Tay-Sach's disease. The third part explores the genetic and therapeutic aspects of the sphingolipidoses. This book will be of value to lipid chemists, geneticists, biochemists, neuropathologists, and clinicians.

This book deals with several subjects of interest in the field of cardiology, developed by experienced researchers in their respective fields. The authors comment on their own papers and experience all throughout the chapters in an easy-to-read format. Since modern cardiology demands continuous updating on specific topics of the varied spectra of cardiology, this book is devoted to diagnostic techniques, pathophysiology, clinical aspects and treatment. It presents comprehensive reviews of the subjects, making it useful to internists and cardiologists who want an updated review of the selected issues portrayed in the book. In this way, the book represents a further stage beyond classic structured books aimed toward cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, pediatricians and enthusiastic general practitioners. The chapters have been chosen because of the importance of the subjects they cover, as well as the expertise of the authors. All of them are well-known experts and have been extensively published in international journals. In summary, this publication updates the main findings in cardiovascular diseases at present. This vast branch of medicine is rapidly expanding and many scientific manuscripts have appeared and continue to appear. Nevertheless, this book presents a compilation and review of the newest, most important issues in one volume.

The authors reviewed a wide number of microbiological and medical papers outlining the profile of different probiotic strains in the immune-modulating activity related to major and minor clinical impairment of soluble and cell-mediated immunity. Starting from in vitro and experimental animal studies, a good number of clinical trials are reported, enclosing an update of the side effects of the probiotic long-term administration. Conclusively, the biological therapies are currently oriented to direct delivery of cytokines and molecules involved in the immune process enhancement. Using probiotics to sustain the immune response and to rescue the suppressed immunity is still a very modern approach, being also cheap and practical. This review highlights the rationale for this probiotic therapeutic indication which is largely safe and reliable.

Veterans in rural communities face unique challenges, who will step up to help? Beginning with a brief scenario of a more gentle view of rural life, the book moves through learned information about families, children, and our returning National Guard and Reserve civilian military members. Return experiences will necessarily be different in rural and frontier settings than they are in suburban and urban environments. Our rural and frontier areas, especially in Western states with more isolated communities, less developed communication and limited access to medical, psychological and social services remain an important concern. This book helps provide some informed direction in working toward improving these as a general guide for mental health professionals working with Guard and Reserve members and families in rural/frontier settings. An appendix provides an in-depth list of online references for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Specific areas of concern include: Morale, deployment abroad, and stress factors Effects of terrorism on children and families at home Understanding survivor guilt Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and suicide Preventing secondary traumatization Resiliency among refugee populations and military families Adjustment and re-integration following the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars Vicarious trauma and its effects on children and adults How rural and remote communities differ from more urban ones following war experiences in readjusting military members Characteristics important in therapists/counselors working with returning military Doherty's second volume in this new series Crisis in the American Heartland explores these and many other issues. Each volume available in trade paper, hardcover, and eBook formats. Learn more at www.RMRInstitute.org PSY022040 Psychology : Psychopathology - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder SOC040000 Social Science : Disasters & Disaster Relief HIS027170 Military - Iraq War (2003-)

In 1961, twenty-eight-year-old Dr. Judah Folkman saw something while doing medical research in a United States navy lab that gave him the first glimmering of a wild, inspired hunch. What if cancerous tumors, in order to expand, needed to trigger the growth of new blood vessels to feed themselves? And if that was true, what if a way could be found to stop that growth? Could cancers be starved to death? Dr. Folkman had ample reason to be self confident — second in his class at Harvard Medical School, he was already considered one of the most promising doctors of his generation. But even he never guessed that his idea would eventually grow into a multibillion-dollar industry that is now racing through human trials with drugs that show unparalleled promise of being able to control cancer, as well as other deadly diseases. For the creation of this book, Dr. Judah Folkman cooperated fully and exclusively with acclaimed science writer Robert Cooke. He granted Cooke unlimited interviews, showed him diaries and personal papers, and threw open the doors of his lab. The result is an astonishingly rich and candid chronicle of one of the most significant medical discoveries of our time and of the man whose vision and persistence almost single-handedly has made it possible. Dr. Folkman's radical new way of thinking about cancer was once considered preposterous. So little was known about how cancer spreads and how blood vessels grow that he wasn't even taken seriously enough to be considered a heretic. Other doctors shook their heads at the waste of a great mind, and ambitious young medical researchers were told that accepting a position in Folkman's lab would be the death of their careers. Now, though, the overwhelming majority of experts believes that the day will soon come when antiangiogenesis therapy supplants the current more toxic and less-effective treatments — chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery-as the preferred method of treatment for cancer in patients around the world, and Dr. Folkman's breakthrough will come to be taken for granted the way we now take for granted the polio vaccine and antibiotics. REVIEWSDr. Folkman's War brilliantly describes how high the odds are against success in medical research, how vicious the competition for grants, how entrenched the skepticism about any genuinely original thinking, how polluted by politics and commerce the process of getting medicine into patients'hands. But it also depicts with rare power how exalted a calling medicine can be and how for the rare few—the brilliant, the tireless, and the lucky — the results of success can be world-changing.'Judah Folkman's answer-stop cancers by cutting off their blood supplies-has much too long been thought of as too simple to ever work. Now, however, a broad set of antiangiogenic agents based on Judah's ideas are coming on line. The verdict'cancer'need no longer be synonymous with fear and despair. Our country's'war against cancer'at last has found its general.'—JAMES D. WATSON, winner of the Nobel Prize and author of The Double Helix'It is said that genius disdains the beaten path, and that's certainly true of Dr. Judah Folkman. He has suffered for it, but his imagination, his persistence-and yes, his glorious obsession-will benefit us all. We owe him our boundless gratitude.'-JONATHAN HARR, author of A Civil Action'Rarely in the history of modem biomedical research has a major advance been attributable directly to the energies and vision of a single individual. This is such a story, about one man's vision, drive, indeed obsession with an idea that will one day dramatically change cancer therapy.'-ROBERT A. WEINBERG, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and MIT, author of One Renegade Cell: How Cancer Begins and Racing to the Beginning of the Road: The Search for the Origin o

The number of cases of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affecting both combat veterans and survivors of armed conflict has increased in recent years. Exposure to traumatic events can cause PTSD, and the serious consequences of this disorder can often lead to impulsive and destructive behaviors such as drug abuse and uncontrollable anger. Combat related PTSD is also one of the strongest contributing factors to the high suicide risk in returning troops. This book presents the collected papers from the 2012 NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI): Invisible Wounds – New Tools to Enhance PTSD Diagnosis and Treatment (IW2012), held in Ankara, Turkey, in June 2012. This ASI was attended by 56 scientists and representatives from NATO and Partner countries, and expert contributors from nine different countries were invited to take part in the workshop. The aim of the ASI was to equip participants with an in-depth knowledge of the latest theoretical advances in neuroscience, psychotherapy and pharmacology, and thereby to assist them in the task of assessment, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of PTSD and related co-morbid disorders. The book is divided into four sections: a review of the latest science related to theoretical constructs and associated neurosciences; screening; stress inoculation training; and co-morbid issues: considering the whole person in treatment. This book will provide a valuable resource for all those whose work involves dealing with post traumatic stress disorder.

Europe is facing a paradox: while governments try to curb public spending, the demands on our healthcare systems continue to rise. The use of smart technologies and innovation can help to address the challenges faced by healthcare systems today, such as an ageing population, a shortage of healthcare professionals and restrictions on financial resources. But despite increasing evidence of the benefits technology can bring, the healthcare sector has been slow to embrace the digital revolution, and has stuck to more traditional methods and models. This book presents selected contributions to the symposium on Personal Health Monitoring (PHM) and Ethics and future areas of PHM, which took place in advance of the 11th World Congress of Bioethics, held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, in June 2012. Most of the papers present the outcomes of the European PHM-Ethics project, which conducted interdisciplinary analyses of emerging PHM applications. Additional invited contributions deal with important issues related to the project's primary objectives and outcomes. The project is strongly associated with the new e-Health Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in December 2012, which is designed to bring the benefits of digital solutions into healthcare systems. The book covers a broad spectrum, ranging from the technical setup of PHM systems to ethical issues raised by PHM applications, and will be of interest to all those concerned with improving the provision of healthcare worldwide.

This is a textbook of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) for undergraduate students, though the interest of the postgraduate students has also been kept in mind. The salient features of the book include colored photographs, flow charts, latest trends in surgical procedures, key points and attractive student-friendly layout. In keeping with the latest concepts, chapters on Speech Disorders, Olfaction, Stapedectomy, Dacryocystorhinostomy, Surgery of Salivary and Thyroid Glands, Snoring and Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Multiple Choice Questions have been added. Model Test Papers have also been given in the Appendix for the benefit of the students. The book is divided into 11 sections each section dealing with various aspects of the relevant subject.