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This book offers a wealth of example exam questions focussing on the new curriculum devised by Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (FRCS) for the FRCS cardiothoracic surgery examination. With so few resources available for candidates wishing to practice the new exam format, the book will ensure that exam candidates have sufficient experience to ensure success in the exam.The content is carefully designed to test knowledge and improve exam technique. Covering the full breadth of the adult cardiac surgery curriculum, with particular focus on clinical scenarios, this book provides the definitive Single Best Answer (SBA) revision guide to maximise chances of exam success.

This manual defines sex and gender differences in cardiovascular disease and how they have become an important topic within most subspecialities in the field of cardiology. It is now evident that sex differences in biology and lifestyle influence the pathophysiology of heart disease. Consequently risk factors for cardiac disease are modified by sex and gender, and women and men develop partly different variants of the same heart diseases. These facts profoundly influence prevention and management in clinical practice. Good medical practice demands a more tailored and personal care for each individual patient. In addition, the life-course of women has a few unique phases, related to hormonal changes in pregnancy and after menopause, that also interact with individual risk and the development of co-morbidities. As heart disease is now the number one cause of death in women worldwide, a more specific attention to cardiovascular disease in women is justified. Most important advances in gender-specific knowledge are related to ischemic heart disease and its traditional and sex-specific risk factors. Diagnostic pathways have changed, coronary angiography is no longer the gold standard that it used to be. Recent guidelines and position papers have paid attention to these new insights, whereas educational programs urgently need to be adapted. The ongoing paradigm shift in cardiology needs to be updated for the clinician in an easy and accessible manner. Other important topics in which sex and gender differences have been elaborated are heart failure, atrial fibrillation, aortic valve disease and its treatment, cardiac rehabilitation, co-morbidities, cardiotoxicity in cancer treatment and neurology. In addition, female-specific risk factors and socio-economic factors are relevant to women's cardiovascular health. We will invite the best EU experts in this field to contribute to the various chapters. Manual of Cardiovascular Disease in Women has an educational role for established cardiologists and vascular specialists in training, nurses and other allied professionals. It represents an update on the most recent insights in sex- and gender differences in cardiovascular health with a focus on women's cardiovascular diseases. Additional questions via app: Download the Springer Nature Flashcards app for free and use exclusive additional material to test your knowledge.

This 2 volume set comprises of the 4th edition of Volume 1 and the 5th edition of Volume 2.The fifth edition of Volume 1 of Handbook of Obesity written by global experts covers the basic science aspects under the broad topic areas of epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of obesity. Divided into 5 sections and detailed in 66 chapters, this edition covers the important advances occurring over the past decades. With a focus on science of obesity and factors participating in the etiology of obesity, this topic is studied from biological, behavioural and environmental perspectives.Volume 1 is structured into 5 parts: Part 1 focuses on the history, definitions, and prevalence of the obesity. It identifies the historical references to excess weight, obesity in art and literature, direct and surrogate measurements of adiposity and obesity related traits, epidemiology of obesity around the globe, and age, sex and ethnic variation completes this part of the volume.Part 2 explains the biological determinants of obesity. It explains the bioenergetics, energy dissipation mechanisms and exposure to experimental overfeeding, genetic and epigenetic evidence, metabolic rates, energy expenditure and energy partitioning, and the evidence on infections and adiposity.Part 3 describes the behavioral determinants of obesity. It deals with chapters related to food, beverages, and ingestive behavior, dealing with smoking, breast-feeding, and sleep duration and pattern, and sedentary behavior, occupational work, and leisure-time physical activity and obesity.Part 4 comprises of chapters explaining the environmental, social, and cultural determinants of obesity. The chapters in this section focus on the role of agriculture and the food industry in the current obesity epidemic, social and economic aspects of obesity, and ethnic and cultural differences and environmental pollutants.Part 5 of this volume discusses the health consequences of obesity. The chapters address important topics such obesity and heart disease, lipoprotein metabolism, insulin resistance and diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer, hepatic biology, pulmonary functions, and arthritis and gout, mental health and quality of life, growth and health disorders in pediatric populations, and on bias and discrimination affecting the obese persons.Volume 2 of the 5th Edition of the Handbook of Obesity spotlights on clinical applications for evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of obesity. It covers on the several major developments occurred between the previous and the new edition, including the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on people with obesity, the concept of'Precision Medicine', and new medications approved by USFDA aiding patients with obesity weight loss of 15 to 20%.This volume is structured into 5 parts:Part 1 provides insights from evolution on changes in diet and physical activity, and the implications and results for preventing obesity, health care costs associated with obesity and the cost-effectiveness of obesity prevention and treatment.Part 2 deals with evaluation of overweight patients, approaches for classifying obesity and using this knowledge to evaluate patients, and addressing ethnic and racial considerations in evaluating patients with obesity.Part 3 explains the impact of lifestyle in managing obesity, which include behavioural management, diet, dietary composition, and meal timing, and the effects of physical activity and exercise in weight loss and weight loss maintenance.Part 4 is focused on medications in the management of obesity. This includes drug selection, various classes of drugs, combination of drugs affecting weight loss, effect of herbal agents on weight loss and treatment of obesity in pediatric populations, genetic diseases causing obesity and the role of drugs in treating the dyslipidemias.Part 5 discusses bariatric surgery, its history, procedure

The fifth addition of this classic text that focuses on the diabetic foot continues the tradition of the previous four editions. More specifically, it includes contributions from a distinguished panel of clinicians and researchers, who have either participated in previous editions or are new, who provide up-to-date information on the pathophysiology and management of diabetic foot ulceration. As with the previous editions, it is divided into three sections: the first part focuses on clinical features and diagnosis; the second on pathophysiology; and the third on the management of diabetic foot problems. The main emphasis of the clinical part is on the multidisciplinary approach that has been mainly developed by the world-renowned Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, which pioneered the management of diabetic lower extremity problems. Also like previous editions, the author panel includes diabetologists, podiatrists, vascular surgeons, infectious disease specialists,orthotists, plastic and orthopedic surgeons, the majority of whom work at the Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center. In addition, the fifth edition not only describes the state-of-the-art current methods in clinical practice but also includes a thorough update of all research progress during the last five years. This updated edition of this timely text will be of significant value to all physicians and researchers with interest in a comprehensive understanding of the diabetic foot.

The book delves into the development and therapeutic potential of Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It explores their mechanism of action, cardiovascular benefits, and role in primary and secondary protection from renal and cardiovascular diseases. The book also highlights their emerging opportunities in the management of myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure. It provides a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical information on the cardiovascular advantages of SGLT2 inhibitors. Additionally, the book explores selective drugs and their effects on cardiovascular events, mortality, and safety outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and individuals interested in the field of SGLT2 inhibitors and their impact on diabetes and cardiovascular health.

Trauma is a serious public health problem worldwide and is the leading cause of death among adults and children. Physiotherapists play a key role in the interdisciplinary team caring for patients with physical injury after a traumatic event. The aim of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy in Trauma: An Evidence-based Approach is to encourage quality evidence-based physiotherapy management of adult and paediatric survivors of trauma in an acute care setting on a global level.The first edition of the book was written by South African physiotherapy academics and clinical physiotherapists with expertise in trauma care. This new edition involves the South African writers from the first edition as well as a team of international experts in trauma care across health care disciplines (including surgeons, nurses, occupational therapists, dieticians, pain experts, and social workers). The information shared in the first edition has therefore been updated with more clinical expertise and the latest available evidence. The new content in this latest edition aims to make physiotherapists more aware of the importance of considering how pain influences patients'participation in therapy sessions, and of a team approach to patient care (e.g. managing pain and planning of care) to ensure the best possible outcomes for adult and paediatric patients with traumatic injury, at hospital discharge.

This two-volume manual covers the most relevant protocols in pediatric cardiac care to serve as a practical guide that matches and reflects the high level of accumulated knowledge and expertise in this clinical field. It includes 179 chapters and offers comprehensive, precise, and up-to-date practical tips with specific care protocols to provide the most efficient strategies for high-quality care in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). This book simplifies learning with many tables, flowcharts, graphs, and algorithms for easy access and fast action. Volume I covers many key sections, such as prenatal morphogenesis and physiology of the human heart, fetal cardiology, neonates and congenital heart disease, cardiac imaging, pediatric cardiac catheterization, pediatric cardiac electrophysiology, critical events and emergency procedures in pediatric cardiac care, management of specific cardiac conditions, general pediatric and subspecialty issues related to children with CHD, follow-up standards in pediatric outpatient cardiology clinic, prophylaxis in children with CHD, quality aspects, professional conduct and training in pediatric cardiac care. This manual is a must-have resource for pediatricians, neonatologists, clinical pharmacy specialists, pediatric intensive care physicians, pediatric cardiologists, pediatric cardiac intensive care physicians, pediatric cardiac surgeons, and/or surgeons interested in pediatric cardiac surgery.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of essential concepts and evidence that guide the practice of contemporary preventive cardiovascular nursing. The sections incorporate a lifespan approach to cardiovascular wellness, and provide perspectives on sources of known and emerging cardiovascular risk factors as well as the spectrum of multidimensional factors including biological, behavioral, psychological and sociocultural influences on cardiovascular wellness, risk, and the evolution of cardiovascular conditions. Unique features address: 1) building resilience across the lifespan such that optimal cardiovascular wellness can be attained within multiple contexts of health states to increase a healthy lifespan and longevity; 2) behavior change skills for risk factor reduction; 3) risk factors and risk reduction approaches with special populations defined by gender,, age and aging, heath states, and health equity issues; and 4) high level roles for cardiovascular nurses as provider - risk assessor, communicator and care provider; educator, leader, patient and health advocate. Relevant case studies are included throughout to facilitate the application of the content. This book fills a gap in that there is no other book on preventive cardiovascular nursing care and roles, and it provides support for the nurse to lead relevant interdisciplinary teams. The book will empower nurses to build knowledge and skills for cardiovascular prevention and to provide leadership for optimal cardiovascular wellness for patients and communities.

This book discusses the epidemiology and the known cardiotoxic effects of chemoradiation agents in addition to newer therapies in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Recent expert consensus statements from cardiology and hematology/oncology societies are reviewed in regard to risk stratification of the patient based on the type of treatments they are undergoing. Finally, gaps in knowledge are identified with proposed avenues of research that allow for more accurate risk assessment, prediction and potential treatment of the HSCT patient in attenuating the risk of developing cardiovascular comorbidities.Cardiovascular Considerations in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation reveals a picture of effective management of these patients in order to optimize both short- and long-term outcomes of HSCT. It is of considerable interest to all involved or training within this rapidly growing area of cardiology and oncology.

Part of the renowned Braunwald family of references, Hypertension: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease provides today's clinicians with clear, authoritative guidance on every aspect of managing and treating patients who suffer from hypertensive disorders. An invaluable resource for cardiologists, endocrinologists, and nephrologists, this one-stop reference covers all the latest developments from basic science to clinical trials and guidelines related to the treatment of common to complex hypertension. Now fully updated from cover to cover, the 4th Edition offers unparalleled coverage of hypertension in an accessible and user-friendly manner. - Thoroughly covers new treatment guidelines related to recent research and the latest physiologic understanding for a wide range of patients with hypertension and related co-morbidities. - Includes new chapters on Hypertension in Women, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, Exercise and Hypertension, and Telemedicine/Digital Health. - Contains new or expanded content on epidemiology, pathophysiology, immunology, clinical findings, laboratory testing, invasive and non-invasive testing, risk stratification, clinical decision-making, prognosis, and management. - Provides new chapter summaries and a new focus on clinical and actionable content using a streamlined, narrative format. - Covers behavior management and prevention as an integral part of hypertensive and pre-hypertensive treatment plans. - Highlights combination drug therapies and management of chronic complications of hypertension. - Offers expert guidance from worldwide experts in cardiology, endocrinology, and nephrology, and integrates the most recent guidelines from leading organizations around the world. - Any additional digital ancillary content may publish up to 6 weeks following the publication date.

Addressing the changing needs of clinicians in today's CCU, ICU and CICU, Manual of Cardiac Intensive Care is an easy-to-use, point-of-care reference for cardiologists, intensivists, physicians, trainees, and other health care professionals who care for critically ill patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This clinically-focused manual offers practical guidance from leading cardiac intensive care experts on the specialized and highly technological care of patients with severe CVD—myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and their complications, including respiratory failure and renal failure. The portable, paperback format makes it an excellent resource for day-to-day practice or as an exam or recertification study tool. - Provides the information you need in the CCU, ICU or CICU to deliver high-quality care to increasingly complex and critically ill patients with CVD. - Covers important and emerging topics such as COVID-19, fulminant myocarditis, cardiogenic shock, cardiorenal syndrome, cardiac tamponade, acute aortic dissection, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and much more. - Describes key procedures including arterial and radial central vascular access, temporary cardiac pacing, invasive hemodynamic monitoring, pericardiocentesis, and more. - Covers a range of topics for effective practice including common misconceptions, clinical presentations, pathophysiology, management, and imaging. - Includes more than 100 radiographic images, echocardiograms, ECGs, anatomic illustrations, and algorithms throughout.

This book describes the different aspects of ischemic heart disease, one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries, and whose growing prevalence represents a major challenge in terms of short- and long-term management and surveillance. This volume offers a comprehensive discussion of the state-of-the-art diagnostic imaging options, of disease risk stratification, selection of candidates for surgical intervention, percutaneous revascularitation, mechanical assist devices implantation. Recently, the morbidity and mortality of ischaemic heart disease have substantially improved because of the progress in therapeutic strategies, represented by the dramatic evolution of percutaneous coronary interventions, that are carefully described in the volume, together with all the other most recent treatment options: from medical therapy to conventional surgery, minimally invasive surgery, surgery of ischemic complications. The biggest challengein the next years is, however, to reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease worldwide.This highly illustrated, case oriented reference book is aimed at cardiology fellows in training, while also helpful to surgeons, cardiologists, imaging specialists, interventional cardiologists, as well as other clinicians and students involved in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic disease.

Today's patients have unique cardiologic needs before, during, and after cancer treatment. Chemotherapies, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies can produce acute side effects or lasting adverse consequences on the heart and circulatory system, making the field of cardio-oncology increasingly important in effective patient care. Cardio-Oncology Practice Manual is a comprehensive, portable guide that provides practical approaches to assessment and management of cardiovascular diseases due to the effects of cardiotoxic agents and treatments. Part of the Braunwald family of renowned cardiology references, it clearly presents clinically relevant aspects of this growing field in one quick, practical reference for a wide range of cardio-oncology providers. - Covers all major cancer therapies, cardiovascular toxicities, and malignancies in a portable, authoritative guide—ideal for cardiologists, cardio-oncologists, general practitioners, internists, medical oncologists, and hematologists. - Offers templated and streamlined content for quick retrieval, with key point summaries for each major section. - Presents cardiac disease entities and specific malignant diseases in a succinct overview format addressing important clinical care aspects. - Features'Central Illustrations'for each topic that visually summarize the chapter and its specific content including algorithms for management of cardiovascular toxicities and one-view overviews of malignancies. - Includes a comprehensive drug guide that provides quick reference to drugs prescribed for cancers with therapeutic indications, manifestations and mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, their risk factors, and risk reduction strategies. - Brings you up to date with new immune therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapies

Written and edited by Dr. Marc S. Sabatine and a team of cardiologists from Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, the new second edition of Pocket Cardiology has been greatly expanded to be made even more indispensable for everyday use. Part of the highly popular and respected Pocket Notebook series, this essential guide puts vital clinical information about a broad range of issues in cardiovascular medicine at your fingertips in seconds.

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death and disability globally, being the most important public health problem that needs to be tackled as more people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause. Over three-quarters of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. This book on cardiovascular diseases provides an overview of the global and regional challenges associated with CVDs. Coupled with case studies and theoretical concepts, it helps the reader to contextualize CVDs in the broader public health system and the administrative aspects of practicing CVD control approaches for improved population health in their local setting. Key Features:1. Covers existing and emerging issues in cardiovascular disease epidemiology and prevention.2. Has a multidisciplinary approach in content and audience.3. Connects with health systems and relevant sustainable development goals.4. Provides case studies for enabling readers to understand and apply evidence-based solutions to key public health issues.5. Has inputs from globally renowned public health experts.

Cardiovascular Endocrinology and Metabolism: Theory and Practice of Cardiometabolic Medicine discusses the close intersection between metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease, covering the basic science and pathophysiology of disease and the latest research in pharmacological approaches and translational therapeutic options. This book is a valuable resource for the vascular and endocrinology clinical and research communities in need of knowledge and potential outcomes. The global increase in the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders, and the introduction of therapeutic options for treating metabolic disease that also lower cardiovascular risk, is bringing endocrinologists and cardiologists together in a shared clinical experience. - Discusses the intersection between metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases - Provides a comprehensive understanding of the relevant pathophysiology of diseases as a basis for the evidence-based management of cardiometabolic disorders - Offers a comprehensive reference, ranging from basic science and pathophysiology to clinical diagnostics and management

This handbook systematically presents biomarkers for traumatic injuries. The book covers topics such as traumatic brain injury, liver injury, burn severity, muscle heart damage, and acute inflammation in polytrauma and their detection by biomarkers.Biomarkers and methods used in critical care and critically ill patients are discussed, as well as biomarkers in trauma and special conditions. Specific biomarker components are explained and models for modeling trauma in research are presented.This systematic handbook is an excellent resource for researchers and specialists in trauma research and treatment, as well as clinicians and physicians who want a thorough overview of various injuries, trauma, and their detection methods.

This atlas provides a comprehensive overview of the current techniques practised in a leading cardiac surgical institution. It offers an up-to-date review of procedures, authored by foremost surgeons in each specialist area. Richly illustrated, its aim is to serve as an appealing “go-to” text for training and practising cardiac surgeons.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of cardiology topics for the advanced care provider. Chapters cover topics that advanced care providers need to master before practicing in the field of cardiology. Chapters are organized by cardiology topic with each chapter written by an APP in conjunction with a physician who each specialize in the chapter-specific areas. Coverage spans across the field of cardiology, including basic anatomy and physiology, coronary artery disease, electrophysiology, structural and valvular heart diseases, cardiomyopathies and heart failure, and ambulatory cardiology and preventative care. Chapters will include online references including guidelines and images. Cardiology Manual for the Advanced Practice Provider is a valuable resource for established APPs (PAs and NPs), those starting practice in cardiology and internal medicine, APP Fellows in the fields of cardiology and internal medicine, and those in PA/NP programs.

This book offers a practical guidance to healthcare professionals interested in learning how to make adequate clinically-oriented use of cardiovascular MRI. Thanks to its case-based approach, it provides a detailed guide to MRI applications in the most common clinical cardiovascular scenarios. Chapters describe a number of real clinical cases, including concise clinical data, clear descriptions of the most relevant information obtained from MRI and of their meaning in terms of patient management. Emphasis is placed on traditional as well as newer MRI techniques, always keeping a practical format, focused on the hands-on knowledge required for an accurate image interpretation. In the online version, the text of each case is supplemented with additional images and videos, certainly making this book a useful resource for understanding how MRI principles apply to real clinical cardiovascular situations.

ENDOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS A practical and systematic approach to current endovascular surgical techniques An increasingly popular alternative to open vascular surgery, endovascular intervention offers many advantages, including reduced patient discomfort, smaller incisions, shorter recovery time, and decreased risk of adverse complications. Practitioners and trainees alike require expert guidance on current technologies and up-to-date techniques. Endovascular Interventions provides clinicians with an easy-to-follow guide for minimally invasive treatment of vascular disease. This invaluable resource delivers concise and accurate instructions on a wide range of endovascular interventions, including aorta, renal and mesenteric interventions, lower extremity interventions, venous interventions, and supra-aortic interventions in high-risk patients. Sequential phases of skill development broaden the reader's abilities as they progress through each chapter, supplying step-by-step instructions on when each procedure should be used and how it can be safely and effectively performed. This book offers a complete reference to essential techniques and procedures, suitable for both novice and experienced vascular surgeons, cardiologists, and radiologists. Endovascular Interventions also: Reinforces comprehension of each procedure with templated chapters, equipment lists and boxed key learning points Provides full-color clinical images and detailed illustrations to demonstrate surgical procedures Presents authoritative coverage of modern endovascular technologies and techniques Written by a team of respected experts and practicing surgeons from internationally recognized hospitals and universities Suitable for varying skill levels, Endovascular Interventions is a precise, accessible instruction manual for safe and effective endovascular intervention, helping practicing clinicians sharpen their existing abilities and keep pace with the latest surgical technologies while instructing trainees on this innovative approach to vascular surgery.

Multiple choice question-and-answer book for cardiologists at all levels, now updated to include 100 new questions covering additional topics Cardiology Board Review, Second Edition is a multiple-choice question-and-answer study aid that is written for the primary purpose of helping candidates prepare for the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) subspecialty certification. The questions address all areas of cardiology, some of which include: physical examination, ECG section with high resolution images, non-invasive and invasive imaging, myocardial diseases, and more. Each of the 1,400 questions is followed by four answers to choose from and the discussions address not only the rationale behind picking the right choice, but also fills in information around the topic so that important key concepts are clearly laid out. This helps candidates to prepare for the test, while also developing a clear understanding of various aspects of cardiology, including diagnosis and management. Written by two highly experienced authors in the field of healthcare, Cardiology Board Review, Second Edition covers topics such as: History and physical examinations, electrocardiography, chest x-rays in cardiology, stress testing and risk stratification of asymptomatic subjects, and echocardiography Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac computed tomography, cardiac catheterization, acute coronary syndromes, and chronic coronary artery disease Heart failure, transplant, left ventricular assist devices, pulmonary hypertension, cardiomyopathies, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus Lipids, valvular heart disease, adult congenital heart disease, pericardial diseases, aortic diseases, and cardiac arrhythmias Pacemakers and defibrillators, cardiac masses, systemic disorders affecting the heart, and heart disease and pregnancy Providing comprehensive coverage of all relevant subjects and offering the easy-to-understand'why'behind the answer to each question, this second edition of Cardiology Board Review is an essential study resource for fellows in training, practicing cardiologists, and those preparing for ABIM subspecialty board in cardiology.

Structural heart disease encompasses a wide range of abnormalities involving noncoronary structures like the heart's valves, walls, and chambers. The last decade emphasized the burden of the disease and revolutionized the treatment strategies.The number of percutaneous structural heart interventions constantly increases worldwide. While some parts of the world acquire experience with various intervention treatments, techniques, and devices, others are paving their first steps.Complex Cases in Structural Heart Interventions provide a descriptive and highly illustrative insight into unique clinical situations managed by one of the world's most experienced and innovative teams.Each case study contains a clinical presentation, imaging analysis, procedural dilemmas, and resulting outcome. A detailed explanation of the technique used, key points and tips were highlighted, and a literature review covered broad knowledge on each topic.The authors shared their knowledge and distinctive solutions from over a decade of experience to ensure an educational adventure for the medical community and a roadmap for interventional heart teams.

This textbook assembles the wealth of clinical experiences across multiple medical specialties and offers clinical pearls that will result in better patient care and are highly relevant to daily practice. This book has been compiled by many renowned clinicians, medical educators, and researchers who are experts in their respective disciplines across Australia, New Zealand and the United States. The chapters provide multiple cases in vignette format, illustrating the clinical pearls, and finish with a discussion and practical tips. This format will allow the reader to easily understand how the clinical pearls can be applied in clinical practice. Evidence-based medicine and clinical guidelines help us choose the best management and treatment options for our patients. However, many questions in medicine have not been researched or are not readily amenable to research. In fact, there is more to the art and mastery of practicing clinical medicine than the evidence-based approach. Information gained over years of reflective clinical practice and cumulative wisdom adds value to evidence-based clinical medicine. With experience and clinical gestalt playing an equal, if not a more prominent role than what evidence can offer in a physician's approach to solving clinical problems, this book offers unique perspectives on the practice of medicine.Beyond Evidence-Based Medicine: Clinical Pearls from Experienced Physicians will be valuable for later-year medical students, medical educators, doctors in training, and consultant physicians alike. Aiming to improve the day-to-day medical practices of professionals, the Editors have invited experienced physicians to share their expertise culminating in a unique book with broad applicability and appeal.

Current, relevant, and evidence-based, The Interventional Cardiac Catheterization Handbook, 5th Edition, offers clear guidance on interventional cardiology in an easy-to-understand, concise format. This must-have handbook is an invaluable resource for physicians, nurses, and technicians in every cath lab, offering quick access to easily accessible guidelines on procedures and patient care. Packed with useful information, hundreds of clear images, and narrated videos from Dr. Kern, this practical manual ensures that health care workers at all levels have the tools they need to understand and perform these complex procedures. - Covers a wide range of coronary and peripheral vascular interventional procedures, from the most common to the latest specialized interventions. - Incorporates the most up-to-date equipment with detailed, step-by-step techniques, cautionary notes, and outcomes. - Includes recent procedures such as TAVR, MitraClip™, atherectomy, applications of new non-hyperemic pressure ratios, and approach to LV mechanical support. - Features an easy-to-read outline format, bulleted summary boxes, and quick-reference tables, making this complex subject accessible and understandable. - Employs a multidisciplinary heart team approach, offering practical and authoritative guidance on the many nuances to these challenging procedures. - Includes dedicated chapters on catheters, guide wires, balloons, and stents; interventional pharmacology; PCI; and complications.

Part of the renowned Braunwald family of references, Clinical Lipidology: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease provides today's clinicians with clear, authoritative guidance on the therapeutic management of patients with high cholesterol levels and other atherogenic lipid disorders. An invaluable resource for cardiologists, lipidologists, endocrinologists, and internal medicine physicians, this one-stop reference covers everything from basic science and the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic disease to risk assessment and the latest therapy options. Now fully updated from cover to cover, the 3rd Edition offers unparalleled coverage of lipidology in an accessible and user-friendly manner. - Thoroughly covers the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with elevated levels of lipids and lipoproteins, including all the latest research-based recommendations, therapeutic breakthroughs, and related clinical advances. - Presents the latest data on clinical guidelines, risk assessments, and established and emerging pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies—all from internationally recognized experts in the field. - Features condensed, streamlined content that focuses on clinical applications and applying concepts to the practice setting. Chapters have now been completely reorganized into sections on risk assessment; therapy; new and evolving therapeutic targets and platforms; and special populations. - Includes new chapters on Polygenic Risk Scores; Inclisiran; Bempedoic Acid; Selective Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor–a Modulator: Pemafibrate; Evolving Therapeutic Targets: Lp(a), ANGPTL3, and ApoC-III; New Therapeutic Platforms: Gene Therapy and Genome Editing; and more. - Contains new or expanded content on inflammation; genetic testing; troponins for risk assessment; statins and role of bile acid sequestrants, niacin, and fibrates; mAbs; CANTOS and CIRT; colchicine; IL-6; and cellular, molecular, and genetic therapy. - Provides treatment algorithms throughout, as well as case vignettes that highlight the most common clinical questions in each chapter. - Incorporates the latest guidelines from the AHA, ACC, ESC, and EAS, as well as future directions for ongoing research and emerging applications.

The fifth edition of Mayo Clinic Cardiology: Concise Textbook follows from other previous editions providing a comprehensive overview of the field of cardiology. This textbook is designed for physicians-in-training, be they budding cardiologists, internists, or related disciplines. It caters particularly to those preparing for qualifying boards and examinations who want a manageable amount of high-value information about the heart in an easily digestible format. This revised edition is updated to reflect current practice guidelines and includes key information that all cardiologists should know is presented in a brief and interesting manner. This textbook is not, nor is it intended to be, a definitive or exhaustive guide to cardiology.

The second edition of this well-received book will offer both new insights into the intimate mechanisms of transition from hypertension to heart failure and clinical practice advice on the prevention and treatment of heart failure in hypertensive population. Heart failure is the result of the hypertension's effects on the heart and it is a growing public health problem, as it affects 20-50% of the adult population in developed countries. In this context the international scientific community is continuously struggling to develop better strategies in screening, diagnosing and treating hypertension and its deleterious effects. Thus, this field is continuously changing, with new important information being added constantly. A part of the book dedicated to diagnostics, comprising a chapter on new perspectives on multimodality imaging and a special chapter on diastolic dysfunction. The arrhythmic complications of hypertensive heart disease are discussed in two chapters on atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias respectively. Readers will also find new chapters regarding hypertension and heart failure in special populations such as cancer patients, young patients, pregnancy and patients with a history of SARS-CoV2 infection. This book is a useful tool for clinicians but also to the research community interested in heart failure and consequences of hypertension on heart who want to be up-to-date with the new developments in the field.

Volume 2 of the 5th Edition of the Handbook of Obesity spotlights on clinical applications for evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of obesity. It covers on the several major developments occurred between the previous and the new edition, including the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on people with obesity, the concept of “Precision Medicine”, and new medications approved by USFDA aiding patients with obesity weight loss of 15 to 20%. This volume is structured into 5 parts: Part 1 provides insights from evolution on changes in diet and physical activity, and the implications and results for preventing obesity, health care costs associated with obesity and the cost-effectiveness of obesity prevention and treatment Part 2 deals with evaluation of overweight patients, approaches for classifying obesity and using this knowledge to evaluate patients, and addressing ethnic and racial considerations in evaluating patients with obesity Part 3 explains the impact of lifestyle in managing obesity, which include behavioural management, diet, dietary composition, and meal timing, and the effects of physical activity and exercise in weight loss and weight loss maintenance Part 4 is focused on medications in the management of obesity. This includes drug selection, various classes of drugs, combination of drugs affecting weight loss, effect of herbal agents on weight loss and treatment of obesity in pediatric populations, genetic diseases causing obesity and the role of drugs in treating the dyslipidemias Part 5 discusses bariatric surgery, its history, procedure and effects in details, and other surgical techniques including electric stimulation of the vagus nerve, gastric balloons, intestinal liners, and liposuction

The fifth edition of Volume 1 of Handbook of Obesity written by global experts covers the basic science aspects under the broad topic areas of epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of obesity. Divided into 5 sections and detailed in 66 chapters, this edition covers the important advances occurring over the past decades. With a focus on science of obesity and factors participating in the etiology of obesity, this topic is studied from biological, behavioural, and environmental perspectives.Volume 1 is structured into 5 parts: Part 1 focuses on the history, definitions, and prevalence of the obesity. It identifies the historical references to excess weight, obesity in art and literature, direct and surrogate measurements of adiposity and obesity related traits, epidemiology of obesity around the globe, and age, sex, and ethnic variation completes this part of the volume Part 2 explains the biological determinants of obesity. It explains the bioenergetics, energy dissipation mechanisms and exposure to experimental overfeeding, genetic and epigenetic evidence, metabolic rates, energy expenditure and energy partitioning, and the evidence on infections and adiposity Part 3 describes the behavioral determinants of obesity. It deals with chapters related to food, beverages, and ingestive behavior, dealing with smoking, breast-feeding, and sleep duration and pattern, and sedentary behavior, occupational work, and leisure-time physical activity and obesity Part 4 comprises of chapters explaining the environmental, social, and cultural determinants of obesity. The chapters in this section focus on the role of agriculture and the food industry in the current obesity epidemic, social and economic aspects of obesity, and ethnic and cultural differences, and environmental pollutants Part 5 of this volume discusses the health consequences of obesity. The chapters address important topics such obesity and heart disease, lipoprotein metabolism, insulin resistance and diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer, hepatic biology, pulmonary functions, and arthritis and gout, mental health and quality of life, growth and health disorders in pediatric populations, and on bias and discrimination affecting the obese persons.

The editors have placed significant emphasis on conveying succinctly how this knowledge informs both the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There are 11 sections covering 140 chapters written by around 250 renowned authors, including 1,000 figures and 400 tables and all the content has been colourfully and digitally enhanced with particular attention to the importance of using appropriate guidelines in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases. A topic on the latest practice impacting trials has also been incorporated in a dedicated chapter on landmark trials. The editors would like to highlight several exciting changes with a new addition of knowledge on genetics and a section on cardiac oncology.

The cases presented in this book represent a cross-section of clinical cardiology experience in a very busy academic hospital. It provides a practical resource for diagnosing and treating complex cases especially for early career cardiologists. A unique feature of this book is the many examples of both rare and common cardiology consults, exploring the patient history, physical examination, ECG, echocardiography and other diagnostic tests, and treatment options.Clinical Cases in the Management of Complex Cardiovascular Disease provides an exceptional resource for clinicians who wants to be involved in cardiology consults. Consequently, it is important reading for cardiologists, cardiology residents, internists and intensive care physicians.

Cardiopulmonary Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support provides a comprehensive review of the field. Written for all tiers of healthcare professionals managing such complex patients. The handbook tackles all topics within this field, including heart failure, heart transplantation, lung transplantation, and all tiers of mechanical circulatory support in adults and paediatric patients. The chapters are written by prominent and globally respected experts in Europe and North America, providing their evidence base as well as personal, practical hints and tips for all practitioners.

Heart failure is an increasingly prevalent syndrome worldwide with a high impact on quality of life and survival. Although there have been great advances in the treatment of this condition that effectively increase survival, mortality remains unacceptably high, exceeding 40% at 5 years, which is worse than a large number of cancers. Furthermore, patients with advanced heart failure are a particular subgroup with higher hospitalizations and mortality, with a short-term survival that can be as low as 50% in the case of cardiogenic shock. Heart transplantation remains the gold standard treatment for these patients when other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have failed, with a 1-year survival of approximately 90%. However, not all patients are suitable candidates for this procedure, and knowing the indications as well as the contraindications for heart transplantation is essential for appropriate patient selection. Heart Transplantation: Indications, Postoperative Management and Long-Term Outcomes is a highly illustrated, didactic book that comprehensively describes the pretransplant assessment of the advanced heart failure patient, the perioperative management of heart transplantation, and the early and late complications of the heart transplant recipient. It also covers special situations in heart transplantation such as Chagas cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, hypertrophic/restrictive cardiomyopathy and pediatric heart transplantation. This book is intended for cardiology fellows in training, surgeons, cardiologists, internists, and other health professionals involved in the care of heart transplant patients.

This book covers the role of statins in all cardiovascular ailments, from prevention to disease management, and brought you the evolving pharmacological interventions. It is an attempt to interference with the cholesterol synthesis pathways through statins and bempedoic acid, and blocking PCSK9 from binding to LDL receptor by intercepting with antibodies or nipping them early by intracellular inhibition of the translation of message to proteins, the monograph brings into focus the ultimate importance of LDL receptors.

This handbook serves as a pocket-sized resource to aid with the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease in the outpatient setting. Containing up-to-date information on the most recent guidelines and clinical trials, this reference presents a broad overview of outpatient cardiovascular issues in a concise, clear text. Each chapter focuses on a specific cardiovascular disease state and outlines the key steps for diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease in the outpatient setting. The goal of this handbook is to help outpatient providers prevent, diagnose, and treat a wide range of heart disease--including coronary disease, valve disease, irregular heart rhythms, and advanced heart failure. The Handbook of Outpatient Cardiology is an essential resource for cardiology and internal medicine physicians, trainees, affiliate providers, and students.

Psychosomatic diagnostics and therapy are of increasing importance in the acute treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cardiovascular diseases. The connection between heart disease and the psyche as well as the psychosocial concomitant symptoms is well documented. Contents:•Basics of cardiology and psychosomatic medicine; •Doctor-patient relationship; •Ethical issues, gender effects, psychocardiology along the lifespan; •Psychosomatic problem areas and comorbidities in coronary heart disease: Personality factors, risk behaviours, depression, anxiety disorders; •Specific problems in other cardiovascular diseases and treatment settings; •Diagnostics; •Interdisciplinary cooperation, treatment and rehabilitation; •Training courses in psychocardiology.The book offers cardiologists, internists, general practitioners, psychotherapists and psychologists all practice-relevant basics to be able to treat their patients in the best possible way. It is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book may read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.

Despite decades of aggressive pharmaceutical and surgical interventions, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the number one killer of both men and women in the Western world. The most important aspect in the treatment of CAD is to focus on prevention. Indeed, prevention is easier than cure and when CAD does present itself, a combination of conventional and alternative methodologies can truly make a difference in people's lives. Building upon its predecessor, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Edition, provides scientific and clinical insight from leaders in the field of cardiovascular medicine who explore an integrative approach to treating and curing cardiovascular diseases through conventional and non-allopathic methodologies. Nutritional interventions with both appropriate non-inflammatory diets and targeted nutraceutical supports are simple and basic strategies to prevent as well as help manage CAD and congestive heart failure (CHF). In fact, nutritional strategies in the treatment of CHF have not only afforded patients a better quality of life but increased survival as well. This evidence-based book describes how to integrate nutrition, supplements, lifestyle changes, and medications for improved outcomes in hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, infectious myocarditis and much more. Topics include: Covid-19: An evidence-based integrative approach to supporting the myocardium Metabolic cardiology: An exciting new way to manage heart failure Contains information on hypertension and dyslipidemia Naturopathic approaches Mediterranean diet as the longevity diet of the world Value of omega-3s and other fats Role of botanicals in the treatment of cardiovascular disease Integrative care of the patient in extending quality of life Gender-specific medicine – Perhaps a new evolving cardiovascular sub-specialty Role of dental disease inflammation and cardiovascular disease Environmental toxins and the heart Earthing and grounding as an energetic nutrition in healing the heart Autophagy and mTOR – the'new medicine'of the future Nutritional medicine is vitally important in the integrative care of the patient. This book will assist established health professionals as well as students preparing for advanced degrees in healthcare and offer cutting-edge and new information in cardiovascular medicine. It offers simple nutritional supports that can make the difference between not only easing human suffering, but also life and death.

The Manual of Cardiovascular Medicine is an up-to-date pocket guide for students, trainees, junior cardiologists and even for consultants during clinics and rounds, as well as health professionals such as cardiac nurses providing diagnostic algorhythms, indications for procedures, drug use, and guidelines in a nut shell. It is succinct, with bullet pointed information and attractive illustrations and flow charts in each chapter, making it a quick and easy reference for everyday use.

Providing a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of every area of contemporary cardiovascular medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Cardiology Review is an excellent tool for learning and reviewing key concepts in major areas of cardiology. The ThirdEdition contains fully revised content, review questions used on the board exam. A new, easy-to-follow chapter template facilitates quick review and retention of the material.

The aim of this book is to provide one central resource for nurses within the adult spectrum of life-long congenital heart disease care who are seeking expert guidance for their practice, regardless of clinical setting. Over the past 50 years, advances in surgical techniques and medical therapies have drastically improved the number of congenital heart disease patients surviving into adulthood, with the result being that there are now more adults then children living with congenital heart disease. In the past three decades, recognition of this new cardiology subspecialty has given way to formalized programs, standards of care, and multidisciplinary expertise. Indeed Nursing care of adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is a relatively new medical subspecialty with limited knowledge and guidance available and also an important component of the multidisciplinary care team. Nursing care of the ACHD encompasses a holistic approach to the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual wellbeing of these unique individuals across their lifespan. Understanding the intricacies for the various heterogeneous defect types, the transition from pediatric to adult care, the unique educational and self-care needs, life-events such as pregnancy/reproduction, advanced heart failure, and end-of-life care helps prepare the nurse caring for the ACHD patient. Nurses as a first point of care for the ACHD patients play a pivotal role in the education and empowerment of the ACHD patient population and provide an invaluable role in the multidisciplinary team and with this guide nurses can feel confident in the quality of the care they provide. This book aims to introduce nursing focused care to wider audiences, nurses, medical technicians, and physicians who are involved in the management and treatment of ACHD patients. Improving care and the quality of life for adult congenital heart disease patients with a multidisciplinary team-based approach, includingnursing care, should be a central goal for all ACHD programs.

Machine learning approaches have great potential in increasing the accuracy of cardiovascular risk prediction and avoiding unnecessary treatment. The application of machine learning techniques may improve heart failure outcomes and management, including cost savings by improving existing diagnostic and treatment support systems. Additionally, artificial intelligence technologies can assist physicians in making better clinical decisions, enabling early detection of subclinical organ dysfunction, and improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery. Further study on these innovative technologies is required in order to appropriately utilize the technology in healthcare. Leveraging AI Technologies for Preventing and Detecting Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death provides insight into the causes and symptoms of sudden cardiac death and sudden cardiac arrest while evaluating whether artificial intelligence technologies can improve the accuracy of cardiovascular risk prediction. Furthermore, it consolidates the current open issues and future technology-driven solutions for sudden cardiac death and sudden cardiac arrest prevention and detection. Covering a number of crucial topics such as wearable sensors and smart technologies, this reference work is ideal for diagnosticians, IT specialists, data scientists, healthcare workers, researchers, academicians, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students.

This revised and updated edition reflects the increasing popularity of noninvasive techniques in the management of vascular disease. It represents the definitive text written on the subject and has been honed over the past editions to represent the enormous number of changes to the use of imaging to diagnose the multitude of conditions being seen in the clinic and surgical suite. Noninvasive Vascular Diagnosis comprehensively covers all aspects of noninvasive evaluation of the circulatory system, including the extremities, cerebrovascular, and abdomen. In this updated edition, it is well supported by exceptional illustrative material, making it invaluable to all those who work in vascular laboratories as well as internists, cardiologists, radiologists, vascular surgeons, vascular medicine specialists, vascular laboratory directors and staff, general surgeons involved in vascular surgery and the vascular surgery community in general.

This book is a short-form guide designed to fill a training gap in medical education. It is a reference that will help interns and junior residents understand and appropriately respond to real world situations that they will be encountering as newly minted physicians. The book outlines a basic methodology for electrocardiogram (EKG) interpretation and sets a framework for the junior resident physician to use to approach every EKG. It describes common dysrhythmias that residents will often encounter, on the wards, in the emergency department, and in clinic. It uses many high-quality images to prime junior learners in the interpretation and recognition of high yield EKGs.Chapters address commonly encountered pathology, such as atrio-ventricular blocks, tachydysrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, and syncope. The conversational tone of this book is designed to mimic how staff physicians talk to senior medical students and junior residents, maximizing readability to enhance retention.EKG Teaching Rounds is a case-based book that will quickly become an essential reference text for medical professionals in training who are looking to advance their knowledge of EKG interpretation. This book is relevant for every medical specialty and every level of medical education.

Recent years have seen numerous advances in cardiovascular nuclear medicine technology, leading to more precise diagnoses and treatment and an expanded understanding of the molecular basis for cardiac disease. Nuclear Cardiology and Multimodal Cardiovascular Imaging is a one-stop, comprehensive guide to the diagnostic and clinical implications of this complex and increasingly important technology. Part of the Braunwald family of renowned cardiology references, it provides cutting-edge coverage of multimodal cardiac imaging along with case vignettes and integrated teaching content—ideal for cardiologists, cardiology fellows, radiologists, and nuclear medicine physicians. - Features all the latest cardiovascular nuclear medicine studies with practical, evidence-based implications for personalized patient evaluation and treatment. - Presents a consistent, patient-centered approach using integrated case vignettes correlated with specific nuclear medicine imaging findings. Discusses patient assessment criteria, risk factor criteria, pathology, evaluation criteria, outcomes, and other clinical implications. - Covers a full range of imaging technologies, including SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and CT/MR hybrid radionuclide cardiovascular imaging studies. - Addresses emerging clinical applications of nuclear imaging techniques for precision-based medicine, including targeted molecular imaging and cell therapies. - Includes sections on instrumentation/principles of imaging; protocols and interpretation; applications in coronary artery disease, special populations, and heart failure; artificial intelligence, and more. - Contains guidelines and appropriate use documents to provide appropriate context for clinicians. - Features hundreds of high-quality figures including multimodal cardiac imaging studies, anatomic illustrations, and graphs. - Provides Key Point summaries, 50 procedural videos, and 100 multiple-choice questions and answers to reinforce understanding and facilitate review. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

This publication examines the special characteristics of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its clinical presentation in women, which differ from those of men. While coronary obstruction and multi-vessel disease are more common in men, non-ischemic heart disease (IHD) best encompasses the spectrum of the disease in women. The publication provides a critical review of the existing literature, covering some general aspects of the disease as well as how to make a diagnosis/prognosis of IHD, both clinical and by means of cardiac imaging. The specific situation of cardiac imaging in the management of IHD in low- or middle- income countries is surveyed. In addition, reference is made to cardiotoxicity and radiotherapy-induced disease in breast cancer.

This unique book details a multidisciplinary approach for providers caring for the Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) patient. Authors discuss the history of MCS, patient selection, surgical and post-operative care, mobility and nutritional issues for this subgroup of patients, along with outpatient management. They are expert clinicians in the field of MCS and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), who provide direct patient care, conduct research, publish and maintain current leadership positions within the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplant and International Consortium of Circulatory Assist Clinicians.Non-clinical issues including Regulatory, Reimbursement, Administration, Program Development and links to Professional Organizations supporting MCS Clinicians are presented in the book that will be of great value to Nurses first, but also to Advanced Practice Providers (NP/PA), Dieticians, Physical Therapists and Administrators.

This book is the first comprehensive approach on COVID-19 cardiac complications, both during the acute phase as well as in the long-COVID period. It provides an up-to-date and highly illustrated summary of the biology of SARS-CoV-2, the course of COVID-19, risk factors that worsen the disease in COVID-19 patients, clinical features of COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 cardiological complications, treatment, and prevention methods, and long-term cardiological aspects of COVID-19.Chapters provide the reader with a contemporary perspective on the emerging links between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. In addition, this volume discusses the clinical implications and therapeutic goals in patients with COVID-19 and cardiac complications, as well as possible therapeutic options. It also offers clear recommendations on how to manage (both non- and pharmacologically) to avoid the increased number of COVID-19 related deaths due to CVD and its risk factors.Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19 will be the primary resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and nursed and medical students in the fields of cardiology and COVID-19/infectious diseases as well as healthcare providers that initiate preventive activities and dedicated programs.

This book provides readers recent advances on basic research and clinical management of fulminant myocarditis. First chapters introduce aetiology, pathology, and pathophysiology of fulminant myocarditis, in which excessive immune activation and subsequent cytokine storm are proposed to be the core pathogenesis. Following chapters present clinical management of fulminant myocarditis, including clinical manifestations, examinations, and diagnosis of fulminant myocarditis, as well as life support-based comprehensive treatment regimen in acute phase.

This book is a comprehensive review of pulmonary embolism (PE) which, with deep vein thrombosis, is assigned to the term venous thromboembolism (VTE) and currently the third most frequent acute cardiovascular syndrome globally. In the past decade we have seen a remarkable improvement in new diagnostic tools as well as novel therapeutic options to manage patients with VTE and this book provides a thorough clinical discussion of the diagnosis and management of these patients.Pulmonary Embolism presents a comprehensive review of all aspects of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, risk assessment and therapeutic options to manage the patient with PE. To aid healthcare providers caring for patients with acute PE, it encapsulates a novel, comprehensive, yet simple, pathway for the management of patients with PE, which can be used in many health care systems around the globe. This pathway is at the core of the book and all chapters are related to this unique algorithm.