Search

This book provides younger radiologists with a practical guide to aortic imaging, from acquisition to reporting. It discusses the pros and cons of the different available techniques and offers tips for the optimization of acquisition protocols and it covers the most frequent aortic pathologies, from a diagnostic and interventional point of view. Report building is discussed starting from standardized terminology; for each pathology, the book lists, in a simple and schematic way, the key points that must be included in the report of a cross-sectional study. Checklists used by clinicians and radiologists in routine practice are also included, and iconography is enriched by numerous stand-alone images. The Authors have long-standing experience in cardiovascular imaging and interventional procedures and with this publication they are providing a useful guide in everyday clinical practice.

This book provides an invaluable practically applicable and comprehensive manual to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Critical concepts and techniques are discussed in an easy-to-follow and understand step-by-step guide, featuring a wealth of intraoperative photos and illustrations with concise and instructive descriptions. Topics covered include classical sternotomy, variants of arterial revascularization, off-pump and minimally invasive techniques (MICS-CABG). Operative Techniques in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery provides invaluable assistance to residents, fellows and trainee surgeons by explaining theoretical and technical aspects of the latest advances in procedural techniques and therapy personalization to optimize CABG surgical outcome. Considering that any heart team depends entirely on the participants'knowledge and their willingness to cooperate, this work allows cardiologists and the other participants of a heartteam to better understand the strengths and limitations of state-of-the-art surgical coronary revascularization. The concepts synthesized within the checklists and decision algorithms provided also enable the reader to develop their knowledge of which technique is the most appropriate for a particular patient.

Popliteal aneurysms are still controversial in terms of their pathogenesis, and challenging in terms of their treatment. This book offers a detailed overview of the latest advances in our understanding of the disease, and highlights the latest theories. Divided into eght sections, it focuses on: the historical background, embryology and anatomy of the popliteal artery, clinical presentation and diagnosis, pros and cons of traditional surgical techniques, pros and cons of advanced endovascuar techniques. The last section focuses on non-atherosclerotic popliteal aneurysme, i.e. on diseases in which popliteal aneurysms may specifically appear, rendering more challenging the diagnosis and the treatment As stressed in the foreword by the Chief Editor of the Journal of Vascuar Surgery, this book, given its scope, offers a valuable guide for all health professionals - experts and in training -.involved in vascular pathology and surgery.

Angiofibel 2.0 - mit Online-CasesEin detailliertes, vollständig überarbeitetes und erweitertes Arbeitsbuch: unverzichtbar für alle angiographischen Eingriffe, nicht nur für Interventionelle Radiologen, sondern auch fachübergreifend für Gefäßchirurgen, sowie Gastroenterologen.Neue Online-Features in der 2. Auflage:eBook Inside: Downloadcode im Innenteil des Buches für das eBook auf www.springer.com enthalten (kostenlose Registrierung erforderlich)Videos per App: Laden Sie die SpringerNature MoreMedia herunter - Abbildungen im Buch per App mit Handy oder Tablet scannen, um Videos zu streamenPraktische Handlungsanweisungen und Bildbeispiele sowie Hinweise zur Vermeidung und Management von Komplikationen runden das als Arbeitswerkzeug in der täglichen Routine gedachte Werk ab. Neue und erweiterte Kapitel:Notfall Gefäßembolisation:Interkostal-, Lumbalarterie und A. epigastrica inf.Embolisation gynäkologischer Tumor-BlutungenEmbolisation von pulmonalen AV-Fisteln (PAVM)Onkologische EmbolisationTransvaskuläre Therapie der LebermetastasencTACE bei CRM-MetsDEB-TACE bei CRM-MetsIsolierte Chemosaturation (Delcath)Transarterielle Therapie bei CCCTransarterielle Therapie bei neuroendokrinen Karzinommetastasen (MNET)Diagnostik, Klassifikation und Therapie von GefäßanomalienEmbolisation benigner Lebertumore (z.B. FNH)MilzembolisationProstataembolisation

Das Komplikationsmanagement im Herzkatheterlabor systematisch aufbereitet für den angehenden interventionellen Kardiologen und bereits bestehende „Heart-Teams“. Betreuung des Patienten Risikostratifizierung, PatientenvorbereitungRechtssichere Aufklärung und DokumentationNachbetreuung des Patienten Prozedurale Komplikationen PunktionsstellenbezogenBei Drahtplatzierung, KatheterplatzierungPTCA assoziiert, Stent assoziiertMedikamentöses und mechanisches Thrombusmanagement Periprozedurale Komplikationen Hämodynamisches Management, Kardiogener Schock und Verwendung von UnterstützungssystemenAtemwegsmanagementConscious sedation im KatheterlaborKontrastmittelallergie und Kontrastmittel induzierte NephropathieCPR im Katheterlabor Fehlermanagement TeamarbeitFehlerkultur. Was können wir aus der Luftfahrt lernenKonkrete Trainingsempfehlungen, Simulationstrainings Leitliniengerechte Therapie und Ausbildung entsprechend Europäische Gesellschaft für KardiologieDeutsche Gesellschaft für KardiologieEmpfehlungen des Arbeitskreis Simulation der DGK und der AGIK

This book addresses placement and retrieval of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters. Until 2010, utilization of IVC filters had been increasing since their introduction in 1967. Studies in the early 2000's, however, identified that prolonged caval interruption with IVC filters were fraught with complications including filter fracture, migration, and caval thrombosis. This subsequently led the FDA to issue an advisory recommending judicious placement and timely retrieval of IVC filters by treating physicians. This safety advisory ultimately created a heightened awareness by medical professionals and the general public regarding the negative consequences surrounding long-term caval filtration. Subsequently, IVC filter placements decreased nationally while retrievals conversely increased in the post-FDA advisory era. During this same time period, interest in complex IVC filter retrieval also increased as a method to manage patients identified to have or be at risk for complications secondary to prolonged filter implantation.Given these established trends and interest surrounding advanced techniques in IVC filter retrieval, this book addresses these topics in a reader-friendly, case-based format. Chapters focus particularly around the recognition and management of filter-related complications. Additionally, advanced techniques employed by experienced operators for complex filter retrieval are also discussed. For completeness, the book also includes a review of indications and appropriate methods for IVC filter placement. This book is unique in that, at present, descriptions of complications and advanced techniques utilized for complicated IVC filter removal consist mainly of case reports and case series scattered throughout the literature. This publication serves to compile these sources into a single comprehensive entity for physicians treating patients with IVC filters. Chapters are organized to begin with a few introductory paragraphs highlighting the relevant literature (and providing references for in-depth reading) followed by several cases demonstrating tips, tricks, and procedural pitfalls. When possible, each case will include a step-by-step description of the technique being described.This is an ideal guide for interventional radiologists, interventional cardiologists, and vascular surgeons that perform or are interested in performing filter retrieval beyond standard techniques.

Das klinische Wissen zu den Erkrankungen der Gefäße und zur invasiven Gefäßtherapie ist umfassend und detailliert in diesem Buch zusammengefasst - eine unerschöpfliche Informationsquelle für jeden operativ, interventionell oder konservativ tätigen Gefäßspezialisten!Der aktuelle Kenntnisstand zu den physiologischen und pathophysiologischen Grundlagen ist ebenso dargestellt wie die modernen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Verfahren. Den Schwerpunkt bilden die Kapitel, in denen alle systemischen und regionalen Erkrankungen der Gefäße ausführlich beschrieben werden. Auch seltene Erkrankungen und Konstellationen sind berücksichtigt. Für jede Indikation werden die Therapieoptionen sorgfältig abgewogen und konkrete Empfehlungen zum praktischen operativen und interventionellen Vorgehen gegeben. In der 2. Auflage wurden die Kapitel durchweg aktualisiert und zum Teil komplett neu verfasst:· neben Experten aus dem deutschen Sprachraum wurden für einzelne Themen auch internationale Spezialisten als Autoren gewonnen.· zusätzliche Kapitel zu diagnostischen Verfahren (wie PET/CT), therapeutischen Methoden (wie allogene und xenogene Materialien) und klinischen Fragestellungen (wie Portanlage und PICC, Damage Control Surgery bei Gefäßverletzungen und intestinale Aneurysmen) wurden ergänzt.Parallel zur gedruckten Ausgabe erscheint erstmals eine online-Version, die als Live Reference-Ausgabe kontinuierlich aktualisiert wird.

This book provides a practically applicable guide to the use of multimodality imaging for managing aortic valve disorders. Details of how to successfully diagnose a range of aortic valve diseases is presented, with detailed information covered on the techniques and relevant criteria for pre-operative screening, surgical and transcatheter planning, intraprocedural imaging and related postoperative follow-up. Multimodality Imaging for Cardiac Valvular Interventions, Volume 1 Aortic Valve: From Diagnosis to Decision-Making enables the reader to develop a thorough understanding and confidence of how to make appropriate clinical decisions when confronted by a range of aortic valve diseases. It is therefore a key resource for practicing cardiac imagers, cardiologists and interventional cardiologists who encounter these patients in their day-to-day clinical practice and trainees in cardiology seeking insight on the appropriate management of these patients.

This atlas comprehensively describes the application of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in real-world scenarios using 192 illustrative clinical cases. These imaging techniques are revolutionizing the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular patients and are progressively becoming viable sub-specialties among radiologists and cardiologists. Clinical Atlas of Cardiac and Aortic CT and MRI features clinically relevant case-based examples of how CT and MR imaging techniques can be applied to identify the pathological features of a range of acquired and congenital heart diseases. Using more than 1000 high-quality figures of distinctive CT and MR imaging features of most cardiovascular diseases, both acquired and congenital, it therefore provides a valuable resource for both specialist and non-specialist radiology/cardiology practitioners seeking to develop a deep understanding of how to recognize the features of a variety of heart diseases using CT and MR imaging techniques.

This extensively updated edition provides a comprehensive review of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the most common genetic disorder of the heart characterized by dysfunctional contractility at the sarcomere level. The disease produces abnormal and oftentimes focal hypertrophy on a macroscopic level that further impairs cardiac performance and may lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. This edition provides a practical approach, establishing evidence-based best practice for all scenarios.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy provides readers with key points and critical clinical pearls to assist them in managing patients. New chapters have been included on managing hypertension, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, structural and congenital disease, nutrition and pharmacotherapies. All aspects of treatment are covered – medications, pacemakers and defibrillators, and invasive septal reduction therapy (both surgical myectomy and alcohol septal ablation) – in addition to genetics, family screening, lifestyle concerns, and athletic screening. The practical approach has been reinforced with an expanded emphasis on creating a Center of Excellence, how to facilitate the multi-disciplinary approach, and on case-based reviews and discussions, with each chapter ending with a post-test.This book is an essential text for cardiology professionals from trainee to board-certified physician, and includes important information for interventional cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, cardiac imagers, critical care physicians, sports medicine physicians, genetic counsellors, and electrophysiologists.

This textbook is a readily accessible educational tool for all fellows undertaking subspecialty training in interventional cardiology, while also serving as a refresher to early career interventional cardiologists. The key objective is to equip the reader with an evidence-based expert-led resource focussed primarily on pre-procedural planning, peri-procedural decision-making, and the salient technical aspects of performing safe and effective coronary intervention, the intention being to support the therapeutic decision-making process in the emergency room, coronary care unit or cath lab in order to optimize patient outcome. The Interventional Cardiology Training Manual provides readers with a step-by-step guide to the basic principles underpinning coronary intervention and facilitates rapid access to best practice from the experts, presented in a pragmatic, digestible and concise format. Uniquely, each chapter has been written in a heart center-specificmanner, affording the reader an opportunity to learn how individual institutions perform a specific procedure, which algorithms and guidelines they follow and what evidence they draw on to instigate the best possible care for their patients.

Die rasche Entwicklung der therapeutischen Möglichkeiten in der Gefäßchirurgie spiegelt sich in der 2. Auflage des Buches wider, das weitgehend umgeschrieben wurde, um alle aktuellen internationalen Leitlinien und die zahlreichen Publikationen der letzten 3 Jahre zu operativen und endovaskulären Eingriffen zu berücksichtigen. Neu hinzugekommen sind Kapitel zu den Themen -Thoracic-Outlet-Syndrom -Akute intestinale Ischämie -Kompressionssyndrom des Truncus coeliacus -Popliteakompressionssyndrom -Tiefe Bein-Beckenvenenthrombose und postthrombotisches Syndrom -Vena cava-Filter. Damit ermöglicht das Buch für die 20 wichtigsten gefäßchirurgischen Indikationen eine gezielte evidenzbasierte Therapiewahl auf aktuellstem Stand. Zu jeder Indikation wird dargestellt:- Was empfehlen die nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien?- Welche wichtigen Informationen stehen nicht in den Leitlinien?- Welche Behandlungsergebnisse wurden in Metaanalysen und Cochrane-Reviews und weiteren randomisierten Studien veröffentlicht, und wie sind diese zu bewerten?- Wie sehen die Ergebnisse in Zentren und in der Fläche aus?Die Analyse der Daten führt zu gut begründeten, differenzierten Therapieempfehlungen, die unmittelbar in Klinik und Praxis angewandt werden können.

This book is a fully updated and revised second edition of a highly successful text in which a new concept of knowledge mining, based on explication and transfer of interventional knowledge of experts, has been implemented. The dedicated training program that is set out will serve the needs of all interventional operators, whether cardiologists, vascular surgeons, vascular specialists, or radiologists, enabling them to achieve a consistent expert level across the entire broad spectrum of catheter-based interventions. Operator skills – and in particular decision-making and strategic skills – are the most critical factors for the outcome of catheter-based cardiovascular interventions. Currently, such skills are commonly developed by the empirical trial and error method only. The explicit teaching, training, and learning approach adopted in this book permits the rapid transfer of interventional knowledge and enables individual operators to negotiate steep learning curves and acquire complex skills in a highly efficient manner. It will thereby offer invaluable assistance in meeting successfully the challenges of modern cardiovascular care.

​This book provides a comprehensive overview of tricuspid valve disease and an overview of different therapeutic options such as surgical and percutaneous approaches, current clinical trials and registries in the field of tricuspid valve disease. The book has an educational goal with key messages highlighted at the end of each chapter to assist comprehension of the often complex concepts.Practical Manual of Tricuspid Valve Diseases assists the clinician in dealing with different manifestations of tricuspid valve disease and providing help for choosing the best option for the management of these patients. It therefore serves as the standard reference regarding all aspects of tricuspid valve disease in adults and will be of importance to all medical professionals involved in the management of these patients.

Since the introduction of coronary angiography, a key technique in understanding coronary artery disease, a number of paradigms regarding its study and interpretation have taken place. Following an emphasis on improved angiographic and subsequent intracoronary imaging techniques, functional assessment of coronary circulation has demonstrated to have major implications for diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. Fractional flow reserve, a pressure derived index of stenosis severity, constitutes the best example of the current importance of physiological assessment in clinical practice. However, the acceptance of FFR by cardiologists contrasts with important voids in knowledge on the basic principles of coronary physiology and of other available techniques that, as an alternative to FFR, allow a more comprehensive assessment of coronary circulation. This is particularly noticeable in the assessment of microcirculation, an unavoidable compartment of coronary circulation that is frequently affected in acute coronary syndromes of in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or non-coronary heart disease. A deeper understanding of the relationship between epicardial vessel and microcirculatory involvement has started with the advent of newer imaging techniques like invasive optical coherence tomography, and non-invasive CT and NMR techniques. This book aims to be an indispensable tool for clinicians and researches in the field of coronary artery disease. It provides a balanced, comprehensive review of anatomy, physiology and available techniques, discusses both the diagnosis of epicardial vessel and microcirculatory disease, the impact of different diseases at different levels of coronary circulation, and the best way to address a separate or combined assessment of different levels of coronary circulation. ​

Interventional cardiology has transitioned from angiographic subjective analysis of stenosis severity into assessment of plaque characteristics and objective assessment of stenosis severity. The evolution of novel interventional imaging modalities is progressively altering our understanding of coronary artery disease diagnosis and prognosis. This book will be an essential companion to assist interventional cardiologists in better assessing patients with Coronary Artery Disease. It will encompass and review all interventional imaging modalities and provide guidance for interventional cardiologists to use these modalities. ​

The Interventional Radiology volume of the landmark reference Abrams'Angiography has now been expanded and thoroughly revised to reflect dynamic advances in interventional radiology. More than 60 contributors representing a'Who's Who'of the specialty provide comprehensive, step-by-step coverage of all contemporary vascular and nonvascular interventional procedures.Major sections discuss today's equipment and describe interventions for specific disorders of each organ system, as well as for trauma, pediatric diseases, abscess drainage, and miscellaneous disorders. More than 1,100 illustrations complement the text. This edition incorporates an extensive new section on interventional oncologic procedures. The section covers all organ-specific cancers for which interventional therapies are used. Other sections include artervenous malformations, liver diseases, arterial occlusive disease, aneurysms, traumatic arterial injuries, hemorrhage, and venous diseases. It also has full color.

As minimally invasive therapies, endovascular embolization and chemo-embolization are now the first-choice palliative or curative therapeutic alternatives in oncology, traumatology, functional pathology, treatment of benign tumors, and management of post operative complications. This book is a handy pocket guide for trainee vascular radiologists, and serves as an aide-memoire for senior vascular radiologists. Each procedure is shown in its entirety and also discusses expected outcomes.The first part of the book covers the materials and techniques used; the second part deals with the general physiopathological principles of embolization; and the third part analyses the main anatomo-clinical situations and strategies.This book is a handy and accessible guide for quick reference aimed at clinical interventional radiologists in multidisciplinary staff rooms and angiography suites.

The field of structural heart disease interventions is experiencing a stage of rapid growth with the development of percutaneous mitral valve repair therapies and percutaneous aortic valve replacement therapies. The MitraClip represents a new therapeutic frontier for mitral regurgitation and is expected to revolutionize repair of the mitral valve. For the first time in the world, physicians now have the capability to repair the mitral valve percutaneously without the need for a sternotomy or cardiopulmonary bypass. However, as with all new endeavors, there is a steep learning curve, not just for the individual operator but also for the entire field. The MitraClip technology and technique is technically complex and is guided by echocardiography and fluoroscopy. It is an imaging intensive procedure that requires deep 3-dimensional understanding of normal and abnormal cardiac anatomy. Not all mitral regurgitation cases are suitable and not all cases are straightforward. It is therefore crucially important for physicians in this specialty to communicate their experience, successes, failures and complications with each other. Written by the leaders in this breakthrough field, the Atlas of Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair is the first of its kind for the new percutaneous MitraClip procedure. The Editors have designed the book to be a comprehensive reference manual and to provide cardiologists with true examples of basic and complex cases of percutaneous mitral valve repair using the technology. In addition, this book provides step-by-step guides to the procedure and complications as well as steps to recover from them are discussed. The Atlas is anticipated to be a very valuable reference for both novice and experienced interventional cardiologists and echocardiologists. As percutaneous valve repair becomes more common it will also be of great interest to general cardiologists and surgeons.

This is the first textbook entirely dedicated to the endovascular treatment of complications related to arteriovenous accesses for hemodialysis (native fistulas and prosthetic grafts). The book addresses the anatomy of upper limb arteries and veins as well as the clinical presentation of patients and the way to perform and read a fistulogram. Many details and illustrations are provided, clarifying the subtleties in catheterization and the dilation of stenoses. From a strategic point of view, it is explained for the first time that many stenoses must either be ignored or deliberately underdilated. A wealth of images helps to understand the different stages of access recovery from thrombosis. As the number of incident dialysis patients is increasing by 5% every year, this is a field of growing interest. In testament to this there are several annual or bi-annual meetings held by numerous national and international societies (vascularaccesssociety.com, sfav.org, vasamd.org, dialysiscontroversies.org, asdin.org).

The textbook is designed to provide an interdisciplinary and integrated perspective of modern vascular cure. Written by experts the text proceeds from fundamental principles quickly to advanced concepts thus allowing an easy access to the junior practitioner as well as to the seasoned expert in the field.

Dieses Buch dient der Standortbestimmung der verschiedenen Verfahren, die durch ausgewiesene Experten der verschiedenen Fachgebiete aktuell und in übersichtlicher Form dargestellt werden. Dabei folgt einem Kapitel der interventionellen Kardiologie jeweils ein entsprechendes Kapitel der interventionellen Angiologie bzw. Radiologie, wodurch die enge Verwandtschaft, aber auch die Unterschiede leicht erkennbar werden.Ziel der Herausgeber ist es, zum einen die interdisziplinäre Diskussion anzuregen und zum anderen die Kenntnisse außerhalb des eigenen Bereiches bei gleicher Indikation zu vertiefen. Entsprechend wendet sich das Buch gleichermaßen an die interventionell tätigen Kollegen der unterschiedlichen Fachrichtungen wie auch an den Allgemeinmediziner oder Internisten, der die Weichen für eine erfolgreiche Weiterbehandlung seines Patienten stellen muss.

Drs. Vitola and Delbeke assembled a group of standout contributors in order to create a resource that advances the knowledge and skills of experienced nuclear cardiologists and radiologists while also preparing residents for the cutting-edge field of nuclear cardiology. Diagnostic tools, physics and instrumentation, and radiopharmaceuticals and protocols central to the field are examined. The comprehensive text covers key applications of myocardial perfusion imaging, including applications in special populations and in emergency departments. Risk assessment, pitfalls, and artefacts are addressed. Additional chapters detail the value of cardiac MRI, multislice computed tomography, stress echocardiography, and PET and PET/CT to nuclear cardiology. Practical case presentations and a wealth of illustrations reinforce instruction on diagnostic guidelines and methods.

This book, unique in focusing specifically on cardiac masses, is the result of cooperation among a number of teams of radiologists working under the aegis of the French Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (SFICV). Its goal is to review the different CMR sequences and CT acquisition protocols used to explore cardiac masses, highlighting their diagnostic capabilities. It has been designed as a teaching tool and offers a fully illustrated compendium of clinical cases, tables summarizing data, and decision-making trees essential in everyday practice. It is presented as a practical handbook and can be either read cover to cover or consulted whenever needed during a cardiac imaging assignment. The book is intended for all students and experienced practitioners, whether radiologists or not, who are interested in cardiac or thoracic pathology.

Every physician hates to have a patient develop a complication. Nevertheless, we also know that when a problem does develop, one needs a clear corrective strategy to minimize the effect of the complication and thereby prevent a major morbid event. The most frightening of all cardiologic complications occur in the catheterization laboratory. Indeed, Lewis Dexter, one of my mentors, told me about his first, accidental catheterization of the pulmonary artery. When he saw,under the fluoroscope, that the catheter was dancing back and forth in the lung, Dr. Dexter was convinced that he had perforated the patient's heart while trying to thread the catheter through the right atrium to the renal veins. However, after some thought and observation, he realized that he had not encountered a complication; instead he had tripped upon the opportunity to diagnose and understand various forms of heart diseases. Clin­ ical cardiac catheterization had been born! The 14 chapters in this book have various real-life complications that have occurred during coronary intervention. They also describe various strategies for avoiding or managing them. The chapters take the reader sequentially through a variety of situations, anyone of which would make for a potentially'bad day'in the catheterization laboratory. Starting with medication prob­ lems,the authors work their wayfrom the groin to the coronary arteries, detail­ ing unpleasant situations and how to deal with them.

Over the past three decades, carotid artery stenting has evolved to become a promising and viable alternative to carotid endarterectomy, especially for patients deemed to have high surgical risks. In Carotid Artery Stenting: The Basics, Jacqueline Saw and a panel of international experts on carotid artery stenting discuss in depth the details of all contemporary aspects of carotid stenting, while reviewing supporting studies, guidelines, technical perspectives, and peri-procedural management. This textbook serves as a learning resource on the multifaceted management of patients with carotid artery stenosis, with the key focus on extracranial carotid artery stenting. Additional sections detail the specifics of setting up and maintaining a laboratory and discuss the preparation of the carotid artery stenting procedure from both the patient and operator's perspective. Authoritative and highly practical, Carotid Artery Stenting: The Basics is an accessible guide and valuable resource for today's cardiologists, radiologists, and vascular surgeons.

I am very pleased to have been asked to write the foreword to this book. The technical advances in diagnostic radiology in the last few decades have transformed clinical practice and have been nothing short of astonishing. The subject of diagnostic radiology is now very large and radiology depa- ments are involved in all areas of modern patient care.The defining event in m- ern radiology,and arguably the most significant development in radiology since Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays, was the invention of the CT scanner in the 1970s.The CT scanner introduced modern cross-sectional imaging and also di- tal imaging.We now have MRI and ultrasound and these techniques are replacing many traditional X-ray procedures.The developments in radiology have been the result of a fruitful interaction between the basic sciences, clinical medicine and the manufacturers. This can be seen by looking at the various sources of these publications. Change is produced by the interactions between the variousdis- plines. The editors have had a very difficult task in selecting the key discoveries and descriptions.The radiological literature is very large.Medical imaging continues to develop rapidly and these papers are the foundations of our current practice.