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These famous papers, with their characteristic mixture of deep insight and inevitable confusion, are here presented complete and in English for the first time, with a commentary by their translator, John Stillwell, that guides the reader into the heart of the subject. One of the finest works of one of the great mathematicians is now available anew for students and experts alike. —Jeremy Gray The AMS and John Stillwell have made an important contribution to the mathematics literature in this translation of Poincaré. For many of us, these great papers on the foundations of topology are given greater clarity in English. Moreover, reading Poincaré here illustrates the ultimate in research by successive approximations (akin to my own way of mathematical thinking). — Stephen Smale I am a proud owner of the original complete works in green leather in French bought for a princely sum in Paris around 1975. I have read them extensively, and often during topology lectures I refer to parts of these works. I am happy that there is now the option for my students to read them in English. —Dennis Sullivan The papers in this book chronicle Henri Poincaré's journey in algebraic topology between 1892 and 1904, from his discovery of the fundamental group to his formulation of the Poincaré conjecture. For the first time in English translation, one can follow every step (and occasional stumble) along the way, with the help of translator John Stillwell's introduction and editorial comments. Now that the Poincaré conjecture has finally been proved, by Grigory Perelman, it seems timely to collect the papers that form the background to this famous conjecture. Poincaré's papers are in fact the first draft of algebraic topology, introducing its main subject matter (manifolds) and basic concepts (homotopy and homology). All mathematicians interested in topology and its history will enjoy this book. This volume is one of an informal sequence of works within the History of Mathematics series. Volumes in this subset, “Sources”, are classical mathematical works that served as cornerstones for modern mathematical thought.

There are a number of specialties in low-dimensional topology that can find in their “family tree” a common ancestry in the theory of surface mappings. These include knot theory as studied through the use of braid representations and 3-manifolds as studied through the use of Heegaard splittings. The study of the surface mapping class group (the modular group) is of course a rich subject in its own right, with relations to many different fields of mathematics and theoretical physics. But its most direct and remarkable manifestation is probably in the vast area of low-dimensional topology. Although the scene of this area has been changed dramatically and experienced significant expansion since the original publication of Professor Joan Birman's seminal work, Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups (Princeton University Press), she brought together mathematicians whose research span many specialties, all of common lineage. The topics covered are quite diverse. Yet they reflect well the aim and spirit of the conference in low-dimensional topology held in honor of Joan S.Birman's 70th birthday at Columbia University (New York, NY), which was to explore how these various specialties in low-dimensional topology have diverged in the past 20–25 years, as well as to explore common threads and potential future directions of development.

This collection of papers ranges over several areas of research, including matrix theory, group theory, functional analysis, Morse theory, global analysis, and probability theory.

Focuses primarily on topics in algebra and topology.

There are several generalizations of the classical theory of Sobolev spaces as they are necessary for the applications to Carnot–Carathéodory spaces, subelliptic equations, quasiconformal mappings on Carnot groups and more general Loewner spaces, analysis on topological manifolds, potential theory on infinite graphs, analysis on fractals and the theory of Dirichlet forms. The aim of this paper is to present a unified approach to the theory of Sobolev spaces that covers applications to many of those areas. The variety of different areas of applications forces a very general setting. We are given a metric space $X$ equipped with a doubling measure $\mu$. A generalization of a Sobolev function and its gradient is a pair $u\in L^{1}_{\rm loc}(X)$, $0\leq g\in L^{p}(X)$ such that for every ball $B\subset X$ the Poincaré-type inequality fpartint_{B} |u-u_{B}|\, d\mu \leq C r ( fpartint_{\sigma B} g^{p}\, d\mu)^{1/p}\, holds, where $r$ is the radius of $B$ and $\sigma\geq 1$, $C>0$ are fixed constants. Working in the above setting we show that basically all relevant results from the classical theory have their counterparts in our general setting. These include Sobolev-Poincaré type embeddings, Rellich-Kondrachov compact embedding theorem, and even a version of the Sobolev embedding theorem on spheres. The second part of the paper is devoted to examples and applications in the above mentioned areas.

In recent years, researchers have found new topological invariants of integrable Hamiltonian systems of differential equations and have constructed a theory for their topological classification. Each paper in this important collection describes one of the “building blocks” of the theory, and several of the works are devoted to applications to specific physical equations. In particular, this collection covers the new topological invariants of integrable equations, the new topological obstructions to integrability, a new Morse-type theory of Bott integrals, and classification of bifurcations of the Liouville tori in integrable systems. The papers collected here grew out of the research seminar “Contemporary Geometrical Methods” at Moscow University, under the guidance of A. T. Fomenko, V. V. Trofimov, and A. V. Bolsinov. Bringing together contributions by some of the experts in this area, this collection is the first publication to treat this theory in a comprehensive way.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 2016 AMS von Neumann Symposium on Topological Recursion and its Influence in Analysis, Geometry, and Topology, which was held from July 4–8, 2016, at the Hilton Charlotte University Place, Charlotte, North Carolina. The papers contained in the volume present a snapshot of rapid and rich developments in the emerging research field known as topological recursion. It has its origin around 2004 in random matrix theory and also in Mirzakhani's work on the volume of moduli spaces of hyperbolic surfaces. Topological recursion has played a fundamental role in connecting seemingly unrelated areas of mathematics such as matrix models, enumeration of Hurwitz numbers and Grothendieck's dessins d'enfants, Gromov-Witten invariants, the A-polynomials and colored polynomial invariants of knots, WKB analysis, and quantization of Hitchin moduli spaces. In addition to establishing these topics, the volume includes survey papers on the most recent key accomplishments: discovery of the unexpected relation to semi-simple cohomological field theories and a solution to the remodeling conjecture. It also provides a glimpse into the future research direction; for example, connections with the Airy structures, modular functors, Hurwitz-Frobenius manifolds, and ELSV-type formulas.

“We were fortunate. We studied under Arnold. We moved in his orbit and had the opportunity to discuss with him everything under the sun. For every one of us this was a rare gift, a great good fortune in our lives.” —from the Introduction Leading mathematician and expert teacher, V. I. Arnold turned 60 in June of 1997. This volume contains a selection of original papers prepared for the occasion of this 60th anniversary by former students and other participants in Arnold's Moscow seminar. A weekly event since the mid-1960s, this seminar and its participants have been inspired by Arnold's creative ideas and universal approach to mathematics. The papers in this volume reflect Arnold's wide range of interests and his scientific contributions, including singularity theory, symplectic and contact geometry, mathematical physics, and dynamical systems. The spirit of this work is consistent with Arnold's view of mathematics, connecting different areas of mathematics and theoretical physics. The book is rich in applications and geometrical in nature.

This volume contains a selection of papers based on presentations given at the S. P. Novikov seminar held at the Steklov Mathematical Institute in Moscow. Topics and speakers were chosen by the well-known expert, S. P. Novikov, one of the leading mathematicians of the twentieth century. His diverse interests are the tradition of the seminar and are reflected in the topics presented in the book. The book begins with Novikov's paper analyzing the position of mathematics and theoretical physics at the beginning of the new millennium. Following is an interview with Novikov published in the Newsletter of the European Mathematical Society presenting the genesis of many of his ideas and his scientific school. The remaining articles address topics in geometry, topology, and mathematical physics. The volume is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in the corresponding areas of mathematics and physics.

This volume is dedicated to the memory of the Russian mathematician D. A. Gudkov. It contains papers written by his friends, students, and collaborators and is devoted mainly to the areas where D. A. Gudkov made important contributions. The main topic is the topology of real algebraic varieties. Several papers include new results on the topology of real plane algebraic curves (the Hilbert 16th problem).

In this paper the authors study the dynamics of Bernoulli flows and their subflows over general countable groups. One of the main themes of this paper is to establish the correspondence between the topological and the symbolic perspectives. From the topological perspective, the authors are particularly interested in free subflows (subflows in which every point has trivial stabilizer), minimal subflows, disjointness of subflows, and the problem of classifying subflows up to topological conjugacy. Their main tool to study free subflows will be the notion of hyper aperiodic points; a point is hyper aperiodic if the closure of its orbit is a free subflow.

The papers in this volume are mainly from the 2013 Midwest Geometry Conference, held October 19, 2013, at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, and partly from the 2012 Midwest Geometry Conference, held May 12–13, 2012, at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK. The papers cover recent results on geometry and topology of submanifolds. On the topology side, topics include Plateau problems, Voevodsky's motivic cohomology, Reidemeister zeta function and systolic inequality, and freedom in 2- and 3-dimensional manifolds. On the geometry side, the authors discuss classifying isoparametric hypersurfaces and review Hartogs triangle, finite volume flows, nonexistence of stable $p$-currents, and a generalized Bernstein type problem. The authors also show that the interaction between topology and geometry is a key to deeply understanding topological invariants and the geometric problems.

The two parts of this Memoir contain two separate but related papers. The longer paper in Part A obtains necessary and sufficient conditions for several types of codings of Markov chains onto Bernoulli shifts. It proceeds by replacing the defining stochastic matrix of each Markov chain by a matrix whose entries are polynomials with positive coefficients in several variables; a Bernoulli shift is represented by a single polynomial with positive coefficients, $p$. This transforms jointly topological and measure-theoretic coding problems into combinatorial ones. In solving the combinatorial problems in Part A, we state and make use of facts from Part B concerning $p^n$ and its coefficients. Part B contains the shorter paper on $p^n$ and its coefficients, and is independent of Part A. An announcement describing the contents of this Memoir may be found in the Electronic Research Announcements of the AMS at the following Web address: www.ams.org/era/

In the paper we study new dynamical zeta functions connected with Nielsen fixed point theory. The study of dynamical zeta functions is part of the theory of dynamical systems, but it is also intimately related to algebraic geometry, number theory, topology and statistical mechanics. The paper consists of four parts. Part I presents a brief account of the Nielsen fixed point theory. Part II deals with dynamical zeta functions connected with Nielsen fixed point theory. Part III is concerned with analog of Dold congruences for the Reidemeister and Nielsen numbers. In Part IV we explain how dynamical zeta functions give rise to the Reidemeister torsion, a very important topological invariant which has useful applications in knots theory,quantum field theory and dynamical systems.

This volume contains 13 papers from the conference on “Hilbert Schemes, Vector Bundles and Their Interplay with Representation Theory”. The papers are written by leading mathematicians in algebraic geometry and representation theory and present the latest developments in the field. Among other contributions, the volume includes several very impressive and elegant theorems in representation theory by R. Friedman and J. W. Morgan, convolution on homology groups of moduli spaces of sheaves on K3 surfaces by H. Nakajima, and computation of the $S^1$ fixed points in Quot-schemes and mirror principle computations for Grassmannians by S.-T. Yau, et al. The book is of interest to graduate students and researchers in algebraic geometry, representation theory, topology and their applications to high energy physics.

This book presents nineteen articles written by participants in the Singapore International Symposium in Topology and Geometry (SISTAG), held July 2–6, 2001, at the National University of Singapore. Rather than being a simple snapshot of the meeting in the form of a proceedings, it serves as a commemorative volume consisting of papers selected to show the diversity and depth of the mathematics presented at SISTAG. The book contains articles on low-dimensional topology, algebraic, differential and symplectic geometry, and algebraic topology. While papers reflect the focus of the conference, many documents written after SISTAG and included in this volume represent the latest thinking in the fields of topology and geometry. This volume is of interest to graduate students and mathematicians working in the fields of algebraic, differential and symplectic geometry, algebraic, geometric and low-dimensional topology, and mathematical physics.

This book contains papers presented by speakers at the AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conference on Conformal Field Theory, Topological Field Theory and Quantum Groups, held at Mount Holyoke College in June 1992. One group of papers deals with one aspect of conformal field theory, namely, vertex operator algebras or superalgebras and their representations. Another group deals with various aspects of quantum groups. Other topics covered include the theory of knots in three-manifolds, symplectic geometry, and tensor products. This book provides an excellent view of some of the latest developments in this growing field of research.

During 1991–1992, Northwestern University conducted a special emphasis year on the topic, “The connections between topology and representation theory”. Activities over the year culminated in a conference in May 1992 which attracted over 120 participants. Most of the plenary lectures at the conference were expository and designed to introduce current trends to graduate students and nonspecialists familiar with algebraic topology. This volume contains refereed papers presented or solicited at the conference; one paper is based on a seminar given during the emphasis year.

This volume represents the proceedings of the conference on Foliations, Geometry, and Topology, held August 6–10, 2007, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in honor of the 70th birthday of Paul Schweitzer. The papers concentrate on the theory of foliations and related areas such as dynamical systems, group actions on low dimensional manifolds, and geometry of hypersurfaces. There are survey papers on classification of foliations and their dynamical properties, including codimension one foliations with Bott–Morse singularities. Other papers involve the relationship of foliations with characteristic classes, contact structures, and Eliashberg–Mishachev wrinkled mappings.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Third Arolla Conference on Algebraic Topology, which took place in Arolla, Switzerland, on August 18–24, 2008. This volume includes research papers on stable homotopy theory, the theory of operads, localization and algebraic K-theory, as well as survey papers on the Witten genus, on localization techniques and on string topology—offering a broad perspective of modern algebraic topology.

This volume includes both survey and research articles on major advances and future developments in geometry and topology. Papers include those presented as part of the 5th Aarhus Conference—a meeting of international participants held in connection with ICM Berlin in 1998—and related papers on the subject. This collection of papers is aptly published in the Contemporary Mathematics series, as the works represent the state of research and address areas of future development in the area of manifold theory and geometry. The survey articles in particular would serve well as supplemental resources in related graduate courses.

This book is the result of a conference held to examine developments in homotopy theory in honor of Samuel Gitler in August 1993 (Cocoyoc, Mexico). It includes several research papers and three expository papers on various topics in homotopy theory. The research papers discuss the following: application of homotopy theory to group theory fiber bundle theory homotopy theory The expository papers consider the following topics: the Atiyah-Jones conjecture (by C. Boyer) classifying spaces of finite groups (by J. Martino) instanton moduli spaces (by R. J. Milgram) Homotopy Theory and Its Applications offers a distinctive account of how homotopy-theoretic methods can be applied to a variety of interesting problems.

This book consists of twenty-nine articles contributed by participants of an International Conference in Algebraic Topology held in July 1991 in Oaxtepec, Mexico. In addition to papers on current research, there are several surveys and expositions on the work of Mark Mahowald, whose sixtieth birthday was celebrated during the conference. The conference was truly international, with over 130 mathematicians from fifteen countries. It ended with a spectacular total eclipse of the sun, a photograph of which appears as the frontispiece. The papers range over much of algebraic topology and cross over into related areas, such as $K$-theory, representation theory, and Lie groups. Also included is a chart of the Adams spectral sequence and a bibliography of Mahowald's publications.

These are the proceedings of the Summer Research Conference on 4-manifolds held at Durham, New Hampshire, July 1982, under the auspices of the American Mathematical Society and National Science Foundation. The conference was highlighted by the breakthroughs of Michael Freedman and S. K. Donaldson and by Frank Quinn's completion at the conference of the proof of the annulus conjecture. (We commend the AMS committee, particularly Julius Shaneson, who had the foresight in Spring 1981 to choose the subject, 4-manifolds, in which such remarkable activity was imminent.) Freedman and several others spoke on his work; some of their talks are represented by papers in this volume. Donaldson and Clifford H. Taubes gave surveys of their work on gauge theory and 4-manifolds and their papers are also included herein. There were a variety of other lectures, including Quinn's surprise, and a couple of problem sessions which led to the problem list. A background of basic differential topology is adequate for potential readers.

This volume contains invited expository and research papers from the conference Topology of Algebraic Varieties, in honor of Anatoly Libgober's 60th birthday, held June 22–26, 2009, in Jaca, Spain. The volume contains four parts corresponding to the four main focal points of the conference: algebraic geometry and fundamental groups, braids and knots, hyperplane arrangements, and singularities. Together, the papers provide an overview of the current status of a broad range of topological questions in Algebraic Geometry.

Since the work of Stasheff and Sugawara in the 1960s on recognition of loop space structures on $H$-spaces, the notion of higher homotopies has grown to be a fundamental organizing principle in homotopy theory, differential graded homological algebra and even mathematical physics. This book presents the proceedings from a conference held on the occasion of Stasheff's 60th birthday at Vassar in June 1996. It offers a collection of very high quality papers and includes some fundamental essays on topics that open new areas. Features: Accessible to a broad audience interested in mathematics and physics. Offers a comprehensive overview of Stasheff's work. Contains papers on very current research topics, including operads, combinatorial polyhedra, and moduli spaces.

This book contains selected papers from the AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conference on Hamiltonian Systems and Celestial Mechanics held in Seattle in June 1995. The symbiotic relationship of these two topics creates a natural combination for a conference on dynamics. Topics covered include twist maps, the Aubrey-Mather theory, Arnold diffusion, qualitative and topological studies of systems, and variational methods, as well as specific topics such as Melnikov's procedure and the singularity properties of particular systems. As one of the few books that addresses both Hamiltonian systems and celestial mechanics, this volume offers emphasis on new issues and unsolved problems. Many of the papers give new results, yet the editors purposely included some exploratory papers based on numerical computations, a section on unsolved problems, and papers that pose conjectures while developing what is known. Features: Open research problems Papers on central configurations

Fixed point theory touches on many areas of mathematics, such as general topology, algebraic topology, nonlinear functional analysis, and ordinary and partial differential equations and serves as a useful tool in applied mathematics. This book represents the proceedings of an informal three-day seminar held during the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berkeley in 1986. Bringing together topologists and analysts concerned with the study of fixed points of continuous functions, the seminar provided a forum for presentation of recent developments in several different areas. The topics covered include both topological fixed point theory from both the algebraic and geometric viewpoints, the fixed point theory of nonlinear operators on normed linear spaces and its applications, and the study of solutions of ordinary and partial differential equations by fixed point theory methods. Because the papers range from broad expositions to specialized research papers, the book provides readers with a good overview of the subject as well as a more detailed look at some specialized recent advances.

The Mathematical Combinatorics (International Book Series) is a fully refereed international book series, and published quarterly comprising 100-150 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences.

This book contains recent papers by participants in the Rokhlin Topology Seminar, organized by V. A. Rokhlin in the 1960s, when he moved to Leningrad. Since then, the seminar has continued to be one of the main centers of research in topology in Russia. The topics presented here are concerned with, or are motivated by, topology of specific geometric objects, from classical knots to complex projective surfaces and configurations of subspaces in real projective spaces.