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These proceedings gather selected, peer-reviewed papers presented at the IV International Conference on Mathematics and its Applications in Science and Engineering – ICMASE 2023, held on July 12–14, 2023 by the University Center of Technology and Digital Arts (U-tad) in Madrid, Spain.Papers in this volume cover new developments in applications of mathematics in science and engineering, with an emphasis on mathematical and computational modeling of real-world problems. Topics range from the use of differential equations to model mechanical structures to the employ of number theory in the development of information security and cryptography. Educational issues specific to the acquisition of mathematical competencies by engineering and science students at all university levels are also touched on.Researchers, practitioners, and university students can significantly benefit from this volume, especially those seeking advanced methods for applying mathematics to various contexts and fields.

The aim of this book is to quickly elevate students to a proficiency level where they can solve linear and nonlinear partial differential equations using state-of-the-art numerical methods. It covers numerous topics typically absent in introductory texts on ODEs and PDEs, including: Computing solutions to chaotic dynamical systems with TRBDF2 Simulating the nonlinear diffusion equation with TRBDF2 Applying Newton's method and GMRES to the nonlinear Laplace equation Analyzing gas dynamics with WENO3 (1D Riemann problems and 2D supersonic jets) Modeling the drift-diffusion equations with TRBDF2 and PCG Solving the classical hydrodynamic model (electro-gas dynamics) with WENO3 and TRBDF2 The book features 34 original MATLAB programs illustrating each numerical method and includes 93 problems that confirm results discussed in the text and explore new directions. Additionally, it suggests eight semester-long projects. This comprehensive text can serve as the basis for a one-semester graduate course on the numerical solution of partial differential equations, or, with some advanced material omitted, for a one-semester junior/senior or graduate course on the numerical solution of ordinary and partial differential equations. The topics and programs will be of interest to applied mathematicians, engineers, physicists, biologists, chemists, and more.

This proceedings volume convenes selected, peer-reviewed papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Mathematics and its Applications in Science and Engineering – ICMASE 2022, which was held on July 4–7, 2022 by the Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, Romania.Works in this volume cover new developments in applications of mathematics in science and engineering, with emphasis on mathematical and computational modeling of real-world problems. Topics range from the use of differential equations to model mechanical structures to the employ of number theory in the development of information security and cryptography. Educational issues specific to the acquisition of mathematical competencies by engineering and science students at all university levels are also touched on.Researchers and university students are the natural audiences for this book, which can be equally appealing to practitioners seeking up-to-date techniques in mathematical applications to different contexts and disciplines.

The use of difference matrices and high-level MATLAB® commands to implement finite difference algorithms is pedagogically novel. This unique and concise textbook gives the reader easy access and a general ability to use first and second difference matrices to set up and solve linear and nonlinear systems in MATLAB which approximate ordinary and partial differential equations. Prerequisites include a knowledge of basic calculus, linear algebra, and ordinary differential equations. Some knowledge of partial differential equations is a plus though the text may easily serve as a supplement for the student currently working through an introductory PDEs course. Familiarity with MATLAB is not required though a little prior experience with programming would be helpful. In addition to its special focus on solving in MATLAB, the abundance of examples and exercises make this text versatile in use. It would serve well in a graduate course in introductory scientific computing for partial differential equations. With prerequisites mentioned above plus some elementary numerical analysis, most of the material can be covered and many of the exercises assigned in a single semester course. Some of the more challenging exercises make substantial projects and relate to topics from other typical graduate mathematics courses, e.g., linear algebra, differential equations, or topics in nonlinear functional analysis. A selection of the exercises may be assigned as projects throughout the semester. The student will develop the skills to run simulations corresponding to the primarily theoretical course material covered by the instructor. The book can serve as a supplement for the instructor teaching any course in differential equations. Many of the examples can be easily implemented and the resulting simulation demonstrated by the instructor. If the course has a numerical component, a few of the more difficult exercises may be assigned as student projects. Established researchers in theoretical partial differential equations may find this book useful as well, particularly as an introductory guide for their research students. Those unfamiliar with MATLAB can use the material as a reference to quickly develop their own applications in that language. Practical assistance in implementing algorithms in MATLAB can be found in these pages. A mathematician who is new to the practical implementation of methods for scientific computation in general can learn how to implement and execute numerical simulations of differential equations in MATLAB with relative ease by working through a selection of exercises. Additionally, the book can serve as a practical guide in independent study, undergraduate or graduate research experiences, or for reference in simulating solutions to specific thesis or dissertation-related experiments.

Functional analysis is an important branch of mathematical analysis which deals with the transformations of functions and their algebraic and topological properties. Motivated by their large applicability to real life problems, applications of functional analysis have been the aim of an intensive study effort in the last decades, yielding significant progress in the theory of functions and functional spaces, differential and difference equations and boundary value problems, differential and integral operators and spectral theory, and mathematical methods in physical and engineering sciences. The present volume is devoted to these investigations. The publication of this collection of papers is based on the materials of the mini-symposium'Functional Analysis in Interdisciplinary Applications'organized in the framework of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis and Applied Mathematics (ICAAM 2018, September 6–9, 2018). Presenting a widerange of topics and results, this book will appeal to anyone working in the subject area, including researchers and students interested to learn more about different aspects and applications of functional analysis. Many articles are written by experts from around the world, strengthening international integration in the fields covered. The contributions to the volume, all peer reviewed, contain numerous new results.This volume contains four different chapters. The first chapter contains the contributed papers focusing on various aspects of the theory of functions and functional spaces. The second chapter is devoted to the research on difference and differential equations and boundary value problems. The third chapter contains the results of studies on differential and integral operators and on the spectral theory. The fourth chapter is focused on the simulation of problems arising in real-world applications of applied sciences.

This proceedings volume gathers peer-reviewed, selected papers presented at the “Mathematical and Numerical Approaches for Multi-Wave Inverse Problems” conference at the Centre Internacional de Rencontres Mathématiques (CIRM) in Marseille, France, in April 2019. It brings the latest research into new, reliable theoretical approaches and numerical techniques for solving nonlinear and inverse problems arising in multi-wave and hybrid systems.Multi-wave inverse problems have a wide range of applications in acoustics, electromagnetics, optics, medical imaging, and geophysics, to name but a few. In turn, it is well known that inverse problems are both nonlinear and ill-posed: two factors that pose major challenges for the development of new numerical methods for solving these problems, which are discussed in detail.These papers will be of interest to all researchers and graduate students working in the fields of nonlinear and inverse problems and its applications.

The last fifty years have witnessed several monographs and hundreds of research articles on the theory, constructive methods and wide spectrum of applications of boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations. In this vast field of research, the conjugate (Hermite) and the right focal point (Abei) types of problems have received the maximum attention. This is largely due to the fact that these types of problems are basic, in the sense that the methods employed in their study are easily extendable to other types of prob­ lems. Moreover, the conjugate and the right focal point types of boundary value problems occur frequently in real world problems. In the monograph Boundary Value Problems for Higher Order Differential Equations published in 1986, we addressed the theory of conjugate boundary value problems. At that time the results on right focal point problems were scarce; however, in the last ten years extensive research has been done. In Chapter 1 of the mono­ graph we offer up-to-date information of this newly developed theory of right focal point boundary value problems. Until twenty years ago Difference Equations were considered as the dis­ cretizations of the differential equations. Further, it was tacitly taken for granted that the theories of difference and differential equations are parallel. However, striking diversities and wide applications reported in the last two decades have made difference equations one of the major areas of research.

These Lecture Notes contain the material relative to the courses given at the CIME summer school held in Cetraro, Italy from August 29 to September 3, 2011. The topic was'Hamilton-Jacobi Equations: Approximations, Numerical Analysis and Applications'. The courses dealt mostly with the following subjects: first order and second order Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations, properties of viscosity solutions, asymptotic behaviors, mean field games, approximation and numerical methods, idempotent analysis. The content of the courses ranged from an introduction to viscosity solutions to quite advanced topics, at the cutting edge of research in the field. We believe that they opened perspectives on new and delicate issues. These lecture notes contain four contributions by Yves Achdou (Finite Difference Methods for Mean Field Games), Guy Barles (An Introduction to the Theory of Viscosity Solutions for First-order Hamilton-Jacobi Equations and Applications), Hitoshi Ishii (A Short Introduction to Viscosity Solutions and the Large Time Behavior of Solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi Equations) and Grigory Litvinov (Idempotent/Tropical Analysis, the Hamilton-Jacobi and Bellman Equations).

. The theory of difference equations, the methods used in their solutions and their wide applications have advanced beyond their adolescent stage to occupy a central position in Applicable Analysis. In fact, in the last five years, the proliferation of the subject is witnessed by hundreds of research articles and several monographs, two International Conferences and numerous Special Sessions, and a new Journal as well as several special issues of existing journals, all devoted to the theme of Difference Equations. Now even those experts who believe in the universality of differential equations are discovering the sometimes striking divergence between the continuous and the discrete. There is no doubt that the theory of difference equations will continue to play an important role in mathematics as a whole. In 1992, the first author published a monograph on the subject entitled Difference Equations and Inequalities. This book was an in-depth survey of the field up to the year of publication. Since then, the subject has grown to such an extent that it is now quite impossible for a similar survey, even to cover just the results obtained in the last four years, to be written. In the present monograph, we have collected some of the results which we have obtained in the last few years, as well as some yet unpublished ones.

Meshfree methods for the solution of partial differential equations gained much attention in recent years, not only in the engineering but also in the mathematics community. One of the reasons for this development is the fact that meshfree discretizations and particle models are often better suited to cope with geometric changes of the domain of interest, e.g. free surfaces and large deformations, than classical discretization techniques such as finite differences, finite elements or finite volumes. Another obvious advantage of meshfree discretizations is their independence of a mesh so that the costs of mesh generation are eliminated. Also, the treatment of time-dependent PDEs from a Lagrangian point of view and the coupling of particle models and continuous models gained enormous interest in recent years from a theoretical as well as from a practial point of view. This volume consists of articles which address the different meshfree methods (SPH, PUM, GFEM, EFGM, RKPM etc.) and their application in applied mathematics, physics and engineering.

Computational Techniques for the Summation of Series is a text on the representation of series in closed form. The book presents a unified treatment of summation of sums and series using function theoretic methods. A technique is developed based on residue theory that is useful for the summation of series of both Hypergeometric and Non-Hypergeometric type. The theory is supported by a large number of examples. The book is both a blending of continuous and discrete mathematics and, in addition to its theoretical base; it also places many of the examples in an applicable setting. This text is excellent as a textbook or reference book for a senior or graduate level course on the subject, as well as a reference for researchers in mathematics, engineering and related fields.

Over the years, a number of books have been written on the theory of functional equations. However, very little has been published which helps readers to solve functional equations in mathematics competitions and mathematical problem solving. This book fills that gap. The student who encounters a functional equation on a mathematics contest will need to investigate solutions to the equation by finding all solutions, or by showing that all solutions have a particular property. The emphasis here will be on the development of those tools which are most useful in assigning a family of solutions to each functional equation in explicit form. At the end of each chapter, readers will find a list of problems associated with the material in that chapter. The problems vary greatly, with the easiest problems being accessible to any high school student who has read the chapter carefully. The most difficult problems will be a reasonable challenge to advanced students studying for the International Mathematical Olympiad at the high school level or the William Lowell Putnam Competition for university undergraduates. The book ends with an appendix containing topics that provide a springboard for further investigation of the concepts of limits, infinite series and continuity.

In the book there are introduced models and methods of construction of pseudo-solutions for the well-posed and ill-posed linear functional equations circumscribing models passive, active and complicated experiments. Two types of the functional equations are considered: systems of the linear algebraic equations and linear integral equations. Methods of construction of pseudos6lutions are developed in the presence of passive right-hand side errors for two types of operator errors: passive measurements and active representation errors of the operator, and all their combinations. For the determined and stochastic models of passive experiments the method of the least distances of construction of pseudosolutions is created, the maximum likelihood method of construction of pseudosolutions is applied for active experiments, and then methods for combinations of models of regression, of passive and of active experiments are created. We have constructed regularized variants of these methods for systems of the linear algebraic equations with the degenerated matrices and for linear integral equations of the first kind. In pure mathematics, the solution techniques of the functional equations with exact input data more often are studied. In applied mathematics, problem consists in construction of pseudosolutions, that is, solution of the hctional equations with perturbed input data. Such problem in many cases is incomparably more complicated. The book is devoted to a problem of construction of a pseudosolution (the problem of a parameter estimation) in the following fundamental sections of applied mathematics: confluent models passive, active and the every possible mixed experiments.