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This volume features a selection of technical papers presented at the workshop “The Fifth Workshop on Interdisciplinary Sciences (WIS 2023)'. Contributions from esteemed researchers and academics in applied mathematics, AI, and statistics offer valuable insights into their latest research. The papers also delve into interdisciplinary applications, spanning fields such as agriculture and economics, with strong emphasis on data analysis techniques. We hope this proceedings volume will serve as a valuable resource for scholars, researchers, and practitioners interested in the recent advancements and emerging trends in interdisciplinary sciences.

This book collects select papers presented at the 7th International Arab Conference on Mathematics and Computations (IACMC 2022), held from 11–13 May 2022, at Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan. These papers discuss a new direction for mathematical sciences. Researchers, professionals and educators will be exposed to research results contributed by worldwide scholars in fundamental and advanced interdisciplinary mathematical research such as differential equations, dynamical systems, matrix analysis, numerical methods and mathematical modelling. The vision of this book is to establish prototypes in completed, current and future mathematical and applied sciences research from advanced and developing countries. The book is intended to make an intellectual contribution to the theory and practice of mathematics. This proceedings would connect scientists in this part of the world to the international level.

This volume collects papers based on talks given at the conference “Geometrias'19: Polyhedra and Beyond”, held in the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto between September 5-7, 2019 in Portugal. These papers explore the conference's theme from an interdisciplinary standpoint, all the while emphasizing the relevance of polyhedral geometry in contemporary academic research and professional practice. They also investigate how this topic connects to mathematics, art, architecture, computer science, and the science of representation. Polyhedra and Beyond will help inspire scholars, researchers, professionals, and students of any of these disciplines to develop a more thorough understanding of polyhedra.

This book gathers papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Mesh Methods for Boundary-Value Problems and Applications, which was held in Kazan, Russia, in October 2020. The papers address the following topics: the theory of mesh methods for boundary-value problems in mathematical physics; non-linear mathematical models in mechanics and physics; algorithms for solving variational inequalities; computing science; and educational systems. Given its scope, the book is chiefly intended for students in the fields of mathematical modeling science and engineering. However, it will also benefit scientists and graduate students interested in these fields.

This volume convenes carefully selected, peer-reviewed papers presented at the BIOMAT 2023 International Symposium, which was virtually held on November 6-9, 2023, with an organization staff based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In this volume, the reader will find studies on the epidemic model of the COVID-19 pandemic, aspects of risk-based testing and quarantine, as well as joint efforts in the search for the perfect vaccine. Additionally, the volume covers the influence of fear and the saturated fear cost in predator-prey dynamics, optimal control techniques applied to HPV infection and cervical cancer cells, generic epidemic models for disease propagation, discretized SIS model with no vertical transmission, dynamics of vibrio-phage interactions, and antibiotics treatment for septic arthritis. Comprehensive Reviews are also included on the applications of CHIRP ultrasound for the mathematical modeling of evaporation of nanodroplets and on Alternative Entropy Measures and their application in the studies of distributions of discrete probabilities of occurrence. These works aim to motivate Ph.D. students and new practitioners in the field of Biomathematics. Held every year since 2001, the BIOMAT International Symposium gathers together, in a single conference, researchers from Mathematics, Physics, Biology, and affine fields to foster the interdisciplinary exchange of results, ideas, and techniques, promoting truly international cooperation for problem discussion. BIOMAT volumes published from 2017 to 2022 are also available by Springer.

This Festschrift, dedicated to Herman Geuvers on the occasion of his 60th birthday, contains papers written by many of his closest collaborators. Herman Geuvers is a full professor at Radboud University Nijmegen and holds a part-time professorship at Eindhoven University of Technology. He received his PhD from Radboud University in 1993 and he was promoted to full professor in Computer Assisted Reasoning in 2006. Prof. Geuvers is an internationally renowned researcher in the field of proof assistants, logic in computer science, lambda calculus, and type theory. He has been a steering committee chair of the TYPES and FSCD conferences, chair of related EU Cost Action projects, and program chair or editor of related conferences and special issues in the area of computer science logic. He is a successful, generous and inspiring advisor and educator. He has been director of education and director of research of the Computer Science Institute at Radboud University Nijmegen, and he is currently chair of the examination board of computer science and chair of the board of the Institute for Programming Research and Algorithmics, a Dutch national inter-university research school. The contributions in this volume reflect Prof. Geuvers'main research interests.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Scientific Computing that was held in Linz, Austria, and organized by the Johannes Kepler University Linz and the Austrian Academy of Sciences, in July 2022. These biennial conferences are major events for Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo researchers. The proceedings include articles based on invited lectures as well as carefully selected contributed papers on all theoretical aspects and applications of Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods. Offering information on the latest developments in these highly active areas, this book is an excellent reference resource for theoreticians and practitioners interested in solving high-dimensional computational problems, in particular arising in finance, statistics and computer graphics.

Mathematical modelling and computer simulations are playing a crucial role in the solution of the complex problems arising in the field of biomedical sciences and provide a support to clinical and experimental practices in an interdisciplinary framework.Indeed, the development of mathematical models and efficient numerical simulation tools is of key importance when dealing with such applications.Moreover, since the parameters in biomedical models have peculiar scientific interpretations and their values are often unknown, accurate estimation techniques need to be developed for parameter identification against the measured data of observed phenomena. In the light of the new challenges brought by the biomedical applications, computational mathematics paves the way for the validation of the mathematical models and the investigation of control problems.The volume hosts high-quality selected contributions containing original research results as well as comprehensive papers and survey articles including prospective discussion focusing on some topical biomedical problems. It is addressed, but not limited to: research institutes, academia, and pharmaceutical industries.

This book contains select papers presented at the International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational Intelligence (ICAMCI-2020), held at the National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura, India, from 19–20 March 2020. It discusses the most recent breakthroughs in intelligent techniques such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, optimization algorithms, and their application in the development of intelligent information systems by using applied mathematics. The book also explains how these systems will be used in domains such as intelligent control and robotics, pattern recognition, medical diagnosis, time series prediction, and complicated problems in optimization. The book publishes new developments and advances in various areas of type-3 fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, computational mathematics, block chain, creak analysis, supply chain, soft computing, fuzzy systems, hybrid intelligent systems, thermos-elasticity, etc. The book is targeted to researchers, scientists, professors, and students of mathematics, computer science, applied science and engineering, interested in the theory and applications of intelligent systems in real-world applications. It provides young researchers and students with new directions for their future study by exchanging fresh thoughts and finding new problems.

​This book comprises selected papers of the 26th International Conference on Difference Equations and Applications, ICDEA 2021, held virtually at the University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in July 2021.The book includes the latest and significant research and achievements in difference equations, discrete dynamical systems, and their applications in various scientific disciplines.The book is interesting for Ph.D. students and researchers who want to keep up to date with the latest research, developments, and achievements in difference equations, discrete dynamical systems, and their applications, the real-world problems.

This volume contains the contributions of the participants of the 13th International ISAAC Congress 2021, held in Ghent, Belgium.The papers, written by respected international experts, address recent results in mathematics, with a special focus on analysis. The volume provides to both specialists and non-specialists an excellent source of information on current research in mathematical analysis and its various interdisciplinary applications.

This book convenes peer-reviewed, selected papers presented at the Ninth International Conference New Trends in the Applications of Differential Equations in Sciences (NTADES) held in Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 17–20, 2022. The works are devoted to many applications of differential equations in different fields of science. A number of phenomena in nature (physics, chemistry, biology) and in society (economics) result in problems leading to the study of linear and nonlinear differential equations, stochastic equations, statistics, analysis, numerical analysis, optimization, and more. The main topics are presented in the five parts of the book - applications in mathematical physics, mathematical biology, financial mathematics, neuroscience, and fractional analysis.In this volume, the reader will find a wide range of problems concerning recent achievements in both theoretical and applied mathematics. The main goal is to promote the exchange of new ideas and research between scientists, who develop and study differential equations, and researchers, who apply them for solving real-life problems. The book promotes basic research in mathematics leading to new methods and techniques useful for applications of differential equations.The NTADES 2022 conference was organized in cooperation with the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), the major international organization for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and for the promotion of interdisciplinary collaboration between applied mathematics and science, engineering, finance, and neuroscience.

This volume presents peer-reviewed surveys on new developments in the study of Lyapunov exponents in dynamical systems and its applications to other areas, such as mathematical physics. Written by leading experts in their fields, the contributions are based upon the presentations given by invited speakers at the “New Trends in Lyapunov Exponents” workshop held in Lisbon, Portugal, February 7–11, 2022. The works focus on the concept of Lyapunov exponents in their various manifestations in dynamical systems along with their applications to mathematical physics and other areas of mathematics. The papers reflect the spirit of the conference of promoting new connections among different subjects in dynamical systems. This volume aims primarily at researchers and graduate students working in dynamical systems and related fields, serving as an introduction to active fields of research and as a review of recent results as well.

This proceedings volume gathers selected, peer-reviewed papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Mathematics and its Applications in Science and Engineering – ICMASE 2021, which was virtually held on July 1-2, 2021 by the University of Salamanca, Spain. Works included in this book cover applications of mathematics both in engineering research and in real-world problems, touching topics such as difference equations, number theory, optimization, and more. The list of applications includes the modeling of mechanical structures, the shape of machines, and the growth of a population, expanding to fields like information security and cryptography. Advances in teaching and learning mathematics in the context of engineering courses are also covered.This volume can be of special interest to researchers in applied mathematics and engineering fields, as well as practitioners seeking studies that address real-life problems in engineering.

This book addresses the analysis of functions of a real variable and transitions from the standard calculus sequence to mathematical analysis. The author presents the limits and convergence of sequences of functions, illustrates the limitations of the Riemann integral, and discusses the need for a new integral: the Lebesgue integral. The fundamental concepts of the theory of calculus of one variable is presented in addition to limits, continuity, derivatives and its applications, and integrals and their applications. The tone and language of the book is kept as informal as possible along with the descriptions and examples to aid learning. The book is concise and presents single variable advanced calculus leading up to Fourier analysis. In addition, the book sets up sufficient background for a course in measure theory and Lebesgue integration.

This book collects a selection of the articles presented at the virtual conference “Game Theory and Applications”, organized in St. Petersburg in the summer of 2022. The articles in this collection cover all the main applications of game theory, interpolating mathematical methods with economics, biology, sociology, mobile systems, and social networks. Scholars in the field will find this to be a valuable contribution.

This new edition includes three new chapters, 7 through 9, that have very broad, practical applications in engineering and science. In addition, the author's latest research results incorporated into the new textbook demonstrates better performance than the popular METIS software for partitioning graphs, partitioning finite element meshes, and producing fill-reducing orderings for sparse matrices. The new Chapter 8, and its pre-requisite, Chapter 7, present a state-of-the-art algorithm for computing the shortest paths for real-life (large-scale) transportation networks with minimum computational time. This approach has not yet appeared in any existing textbooks and it could open the doors for other transportation engineering applications. Chapter 9 vastly expands the scope of the previous edition by including sensitivity (gradient) computation and MATLAB's built-in function “fmincon” for obtaining the optimum (or best) solution for general engineering problems.

Nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE) are at the core of mathematical modeling. In the past decades and recent years, multiple analytical methods to study various aspects of the mathematical structure of nonlinear PDEs have been developed. Those aspects include C- and S-integrability, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations, equivalence transformations, local and nonlocal symmetries, conservation laws, and more. Modern computational approaches and symbolic software can be employed to systematically derive and use such properties, and where possible, construct exact and approximate solutions of nonlinear equations. This book contains a consistent overview of multiple properties of nonlinear PDEs, their relations, computation algorithms, and a uniformly presented set of examples of application of these methods to specific PDEs. Examples include both well known nonlinear PDEs and less famous systems that arise in the context of shallow water waves and far beyond. The book will beof interest to researchers and graduate students in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering, and can be used as a basis for research, study, reference, and applications.

This book focuses on stability analysis and control design approaches for multi-agent systems under network-induced constraints. A hybrid system approach is introduced to address the cooperative control problem of networked multi-agent systems, and several important topics such as asynchronous sampled data cooperative control, hybrid event-triggered cooperative control, and reset-based cooperative control are studied under the hybrid system framework. The special feature of this book is that a hybrid systems approach is proposed for the cooperative control of multi-agent systems, which is beneficial for relaxing the conservativeness of stability analysis and network parameter computation. Interested readers can learn a novel approach to cooperative control of multi-agent systems, and this book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of multi-robot cooperation, unmanned aerial vehicle formation, control engineering, etc.

Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) left an indelible mark on the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, and geophysics. Despite his groundbreaking contributions, history has often overlooked his pivotal role. While two of the most famous achievements in physics are Newton's theory of gravity and Einstein's general theory of relativity, less well-known is that Huygens provided central elements to these theories. This book stands to correct that deficit. For example, we show how Huygens used symmetry arguments to derive conservation laws for momentum and for energy, and what Einstein later called the principle of equivalence to derive the formula for centrifugal force. In 1689, Huygens visited Newton. Together, they walked the streets of London. Newton had recently finished his masterpiece, Principia, expounding his laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. Huygens had essentially completed his life's work by then, building on Archimedes, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Descartes, Fermat, Pascal and his own ingenuity. He had established fame as an instrument maker (telescope, pendulum clock, planetarium). He had invented the 31 tone system. He had pioneered the first principles of remote sensing. He had discovered the rings of Saturn. He had formulated the wave theory of light. What would walking with Christiaan reveal? This book gives the result in nine chapters, namely: spontaneous order, the speed of light, Huygens'principle, the telescope, the pendulum clock, Huygens-Fresnel principle, special relativity, centrifugal force, and curvature. In addition, there is a chapter titled What Huygens could have written on diffraction, and a chapter titled Huygens and Geophysics. Mentally walking with Christiaan, browsing his collected works — a true treasure trove for puzzle enthusiasts — and rethinking his ideas creates a vivid impression of scientific life in the 17th century, an appreciation that it is remarkably similar to ours, and an understanding of Huygens'significant and lasting contributions to science.

This book addresses interconnections between contemporary advances in mathematics, especially algebra, with applications in the social sciences and the arts. It promotes the idea that knowledge cannot remain in disciplinary silos, rather, it belongs to all people, and is dedicated to associative relationships in a variety of mathematics applications, from sociology to linguistics, including anthropology, semiotics, education, and cognitive science. Contributions illuminate some of the ways in which algebra is developed, learned, understood, communicated, and applied in the social sciences and the humanities.The content in this book has its origins in a conference, Mathematics for Social Sciences and Arts–Algebraic Modelling, virtually hosted by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Niš, Serbia, from the 24th to the 26th of May, 2021. This conference brought together scholars from various disciplines and geographic regions and focused on thejuxtaposition of algebra and social science applications. The conference organizers, higher education institutes from four different continents, invited leading scientists in social sciences and algebra, to contribute to this volume.The first part of this book addresses algebraic and mathematical thinking, specifically learning and practicing mathematics from a cognitive science perspective, as well as illustrative applications to distinctly human concerns, like education and semiotics. The second part focuses on algebraic semigroups and some of their generalizations. This book and the conference that engendered it provide an example of a fruitful collaboration, in which the skills and deep knowledge of algebraic structures, modeling, social sciences and arts brought in by the authors from different countries and continents merge in harmonious ways. These expositions are a rich resource and are of interest both to mathematicians and non-mathematicians.

Individual-based models (IBM) describe a population as a collection of different organisms whose local interactions determine the behaviour of the entire population. The individual description is convenient for computer simulations and the determination of various model parameters, and appropriate limit passages lead to the transport equations used in classical population dynamics models. The aim of this book is to provide a brief mathematical introduction to IBMs and their application to selected biological topics. The book is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter we give a general description of IBMs and we present examples of models to illustrate their possible applications. Examples of applications include age, size and phenotype models, coagulation-fragmentation process, and models of genome evolution. The second chapter contains some theoretical results concerning limit passages from IBMs to phenotype and age-structured models. The rate of this convergence formulated as functional central limit theorems is presented in Chapter 3. As a result of the limit passage can be a superprocess, i.e., a stochastic process with values in a space of measures. Chapter 4 presented examples of such passages: from the branching Brownian motion to the Dawson--Watanabe superprocess and from the Moran's model of genetic drift with mutations to the Fleming--Viot superprocess. The next three chapters are devoted to models, in which we directly participated in the study. In Chapter 5 we study IBMs phenotype models and their limit passages. We show that random mating stabilises the distribution of traits, while assortative mating can lead to a polymorphic population. Formation of aggregates of phytoplankton and their movement is studied in Chapter 6. We present two types of models based on: fragmentation-coagulation processes; and diffusion with chemical signals leading to advanced superprocesses. Chapter 7 is devoted to rather advanced models with chemotaxis used to description of retinal angiogenesis and cell proliferations. The book is complemented by two appendices in which we have collected information about stochastic processes and various spaces we have used. The book is dedicated both to mathematicians and biologists. The first group will find here new biological models which leads to interesting and often new mathematical questions. Biologists can observe how to include seemingly different biological processes into a unified mathematical theory and deduce from this theory interesting biological conclusions. Apart from the sections on superprocesses, where quite advanced mathematical issues arise, such as stochastic partial equations, we try to keep the required mathematical and biological background to a minimum so that the topics are accessible to students.

In this book Lukas Graf studies dynamic network flows which are a model for individual car traffic in road networks. It is assumed that drivers choose their routes based on information about the current state of the network in such a way as to selfishly minimize their own arrival time at their destination. Whilst on their journey the drivers adapt their current route choices based on the changing state of the network. A dynamic flow wherein every (infinitesimally small) flow particle behaves in this way is then called an instantaneous dynamic equilibrium. After giving a mathematically precise definition of this equilibrium concept the author shows existence of those equilibrium flows, studies their computational complexity and derives bounds on their quality.

This new edition presents the essential topics in probability and statistics from a rigorous standpoint. Any discipline involving randomness, including medicine, engineering, and any area of scientific research, must have a way of analyzing or even predicting the outcomes of an experiment. The authors focus on the tools for doing so in a thorough, yet introductory way. After providing an overview of the basics of probability, the authors cover essential topics such as confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and linear regression. These subjects are presented in a one semester format, suitable for engineers, scientists, and STEM students with a solid understanding of calculus. There are problems and exercises included in each chapter allowing readers to practice the applications of the concepts.

Wozu braucht man eigentlich Mathematik? Haben Sie sich das auch schon gefragt oder sind Sie selbst Mathematiker/-in und hören dies oft?Mathematik ist weit mehr als die Suche nach der nächsten Primzahl oder dem x-ten Beweis des Satzes von Pythagoras. Mathematik ist eine zentrale Schlüsseltechnologie für viele Wissenschaftsbereiche. Die Frage, ob es einen Klimawandel gibt und wie man Veränderungen im Klima beobachtet, kann ohne Mathematik genauso wenig beantwortet werden wie die Frage, wie sich eine Pandemie ausbreitet. Viele weitere Beispiele werden in dem Buch angesprochen.In einem lockeren Erzählstil erläutert der Autor, wo überall Mathematik verborgen ist und wie man mit einfachen Mitteln schon verstehen kann, wie brisante Probleme gelöst werden. Vorausgesetzt werden (je nach Kapitel) teils gar keine Mathematik-Vorkenntnisse bis maximal zum Abitur-Wissen.

This textbook introduces bioinformatics to students in mathematics with no biology background assumed and it provides solid mathematical tools for biology students along with an understanding of how to implement them in bioinformatics problems. In addition to the basics, the text offers new approaches to understanding biological sequences. The concise presentation distinguishes itself from others on the subject, discussing and providing principles that relate to current open problems in bioinformatics as well as considering a variety of models. The convex hull principle is highlighted, opening a new interdisciplinary research area at the intersection of biology, mathematics, and computer science. Prerequisites include first courses in linear algebra, probability and statistics, and mathematical analysis. Researchers in mathematics, biology, and math-biology, will also find aspects of this text useful. This textbook is written based on the authors'research works that have been published in various journals along with the lecture notes used when teaching bioinformatics courses at the University of Illinois at Chicago and at Tsinghua University. The content may be divided into two parts. The first part includes three chapters, introducing some basic concepts. Chapter 1 provides biological background in molecular biology for mathematicians. Chapter 2 describes biological databases that are commonly used. Chapter 3 is concerned with alignment methods including global/local alignment, heuristic alignment, and multiple alignment. The second part consisting of five chapters, describes several bioinformatics principles using a rigorous mathematical formulation. Chapter 4 introduces the time-frequency spectral principle and its applications in bioinformatics. In Chapters 5 and 6, two strategies are used, the graphical representation and the natural vector method, to represent biological sequences, and conduct sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis without alignment. Chapter 7 presents the convex hull principle and shows how it can be used to mathematically determine whether a certain amino acid sequence can be a protein. The last chapter summarizes additional mathematical ideas relating to sequence comparisons, such as new feature vectors and metrics. This part focuses on the governing principle in biology and provides plenty of alignment-free methods, which cannot be found in any other book.

This is a personal story about being involved in the study of nonlinear phenomena for more than half a century. The focus is on the development of ideas and the resulting knowledge. This is the visible part of research, but much is usually hidden. The author describes how the ideas were generated and how an “invisible college” of friends and colleagues has emerged. The presentation is spiced by thoughts about the beauty of science and philosophical considerations on the complex world, where nonlinear interactions play an important role. The book is in some sense a biography but not so much about the personal life of the author – it is about science and its actors. Based on the author's experience in many European research centres and science policy institutions, it reflects on the development of knowledge in nonlinear dynamics as well as science policy actions over the second half of the 20th century and the first quarter of the 21st century. Graduates and postgraduates interested in the progress of research will find the book particularly engaging.

Microcirculation is a key area of interest within the realms of biology and medicine. As a vital discipline, microcirculatory biology forms a significant part of established medical fields like cardiovascular medicine and oncology, and is increasingly relevant in emerging fields such as neuroscience. With its multifaceted nature, the study of microcirculation has evolved from basic observations and experiments to embrace cutting-edge imaging technologies, quantitative methods, and the power of data science. This volume brings together a series of insightful chapters that highlight the latest trends in modeling microcirculation. It casts a spotlight on the vital role of microcirculation in brain function modeling and the innovative applications of microvascular models in oncology. Readers will be introduced to state-of-the-art methodologies of microcirculation modeling. A key focus is on mixed-dimensional models, mathematical methods adept at describing complex interactions within lower dimensional manifolds. Each chapter thoughtfully navigates the mathematical, computational, and practical challenges of these approaches, underscoring their effectiveness in capturing the essence of microcirculation. This book offers a window into the latest advancements and methodologies that are shaping the future of this vital field.

The book provides the latest research results on measuring Credit Rating Migration by mathematical methods. It brings about most popular mathematical models, methods and applications on this area, especially presents the latest development on structure models. It is systematically collects the models, methods and results in this area. The book first introduced the financial background and preliminary mathematical theory. Then two mainstream mathematical models for measuring default risks, the reduced form model and structure model, are presented. The structure model for measuring credit rating migration risks is the main part of the book and authors prove the existence, uniqueness, regularities, asymptotic behavior, traveling wave and other properties of the solutions of the model. The structural credit rating migration model is also extended to more general case, such as stochastic interest rate, multiple ratings, region switch and so on. Some credit derivatives, and numerical analysis, parameter calibration and estimate of the migration boundary of the models are given in the last two chapters. The book focuses on theoretical financial investigators, especially financial mathematical researchers and students. The book is involved various mathematical models, such as PDE, numerical simulation etc., some of them are interesting mathematical problems, so that, and a good reference book to study mathematical modeling in credit rating migration. It might also be used as a textbook for students in financial credit risks.

This book is written in a style that uncovers the mathematical theories hidden in our daily lives, using examples of patterns that appear in nature, arts, traditional crafts, as well as mathematical mechanics in architectural techniques. The authors believe that through conversations between students and mathematicians, readers may learn about the methods used by the originators of these theories―their trials, errors, and triumphs―in reaching their various conclusions. The goal is to help readers refine their mathematical sense in terms of formulating valuable questions and pursuing them. In addition, the book aims to provide enjoyment in the application of mathematical principles to beautiful art and design by using examples that highlight the wonders and mysteries of these works found in our daily lives. To achieve these goals, the book tackles the latest exquisite results on polygons and polyhedra and the dynamic history of geometric research found around us. The term'intuitive geometry'was coined by Lászlo Fejes Tóth and refers to the kind of geometry which, in Hilbert's words, can be explained to and appeal to the'man on the street.'This book enables readers to enjoy intuitive geometry informally and instinctively. It does not require more than a high school level of knowledge but calls for a sense of wonder, intuition, and mathematical maturity. In this second edition, many new results, and elegant proofs on a variety of topics have been added, enhancing the book's rich content even further.

In der Diskussion über Sprache in Bildungskontexten geht man davon aus, dass diese sogenannte „Bildungssprache“ durch verschiedene grammatische und lexikalische Merkmale charakterisiert wird. Häufig wird außerdem angenommen, dass diese Merkmale für Schüler/-innen – unter anderem und insbesondere solchen, die Deutsch als Zweitsprache erlernen – schwierig und damit eine Hürde für erfolgreiches fachliches Lernen sein könnten. Der Band widmet sich in einer Reihe von Einzelstudien möglichen Zugängen zur empirischen Überprüfung dieser Annahmen.

In most undergraduate physics classes Special Relativity is taught from a simplistic point of view using Newtonian concepts rather than the relativistic way of thinking. This results in students often finding it difficult to understand properly the new approach/new ideas, and consequently to solve relativistic problems. Furthermore, a number of books treat the theory using advanced mathematics which is not necessary for the first approach to the theory. This book is intended to serve two roles: a. To treat a student in a systematic constructive way to the basic structure of the theory and b. To provide a large number of solved in-detail problems in the kinematics and dynamics of Special Relativity. Concerning the first aim the book introduces the basics of four-dimensional mathematics, i.e., Lorentz metric, relativistic tensors, and prepares, through working examples, the transition to General Relativity, which requires, besides the relativistic concepts, the use of Differential Geometry and tensor analysis. The presentation is concise and does not replace a book on Special Relativity. Concerning the second intention the large number of problems provides the necessary material which can be used in order to familiarize the student with the relativistic “world”. These problems can be used in the class by the teachers either as working examples or as problem sheets. It will be our pleasure if the book will be useful to both students and teachers.

The book presents the mathematical view and tools of computer programming with broad and friendly context. It explains the basic concepts such as recursion, computation model, types, data, and etc. The book serves as an introductory and reference guide to the engineers, students, researchers, and professionals who are interested in functional programming, type system, and computer programming languages. The book covers seven topics. Firstly, it lays out the number system based on Peano Axioms and demonstrates the isomorphic computer data structures. Then, it introduces Lambda calculus as a computing model and recursion, an important programming structure, with the Y-combinator. It next presents the basic abstract algebra, including group and fields, and provides a friendly introduction to Galois theory. After that, it uses category theory as a tool to explain several concepts in computer programming, including the type system, polymorphism, null handler, and recursive data types, then followed by an application of program optimization. In the last two chapters, the author shows how to program with the concept of infinity through stream and lazy evaluation, and then explains the naïve set theory and transfinite numbers, from which the logic paradox arises. Finally, it introduces four historical views of mathematical foundation, as well as Gödel's incompleteness theorems developed in 1930s, and how they define the boundaries of computer programming. Additionally, the book provides biographies, stories, and anecdotes of 25 mathematicians, along with over 130 exercises and their corresponding answers.

Maximilian Klein analyses nested Monte Carlo simulations for the approximation of conditional expected values. Thereby, the book deals with two general risk functional classes for conditional expected values, on the one hand the class of moment-based estimators (notable examples are the probability of a large loss or the lower partial moments) and on the other hand the class of quantile-based estimators. For both functional classes, the almost sure convergence of the respective estimator is proven and the underlying convergence speed is quantified. In particular, the class of quantile-based estimators has important practical consequences especially for life insurance companies since the Value-at-Risk falls into this class and thus covers the solvency capital requirement problem. Furthermore, a novel non parametric confidence interval method for quantiles is presented which takes the additional noise of the inner simulation into account.

This book celebrates Gert Schubring's 80th birthday and honors his impactful contributions to the field of history of mathematics and its education. Recognized with the prestigious Hans Freudenthal Award in 2019, Schubring's academic work sets the tone for this volume. The thoughtfully curated articles in this collection offer insightful studies on textbooks and biographies of key figures in mathematics and mathematics education, contextualizing their significance within the broader historical landscape, and providing the readers with a deeper understanding of the development of the history of mathematics and its education. Researchers as well as curious readers and students will find this collection to be a valuable resource in the field.

Maxwell's equations explain the basics of electricity and magnetism. The four equations provide a mathematical model for electric, optical, and radio technologies. And yet, when learning electromagnetic field theory, it is easy to get lost in the complicated mathematics and ignore the applied aspects of it. The purpose of this book is to bridge the gap between theory and applications of Maxwell's equations. This book introduces readers to the mathematics of Maxwell's equations and their uses in both everyday applications such as power generation, electric motors, wireless communication, as well as in scientific research. Each chapter in the book starts with an introduction to a specific Maxwell's equation followed by examples of ways in which the equation is used.

This book, the second of two volumes, presents significant applications for understanding modern analysis. It empowers young researchers with key techniques and applications to explore various subfields of this broad subject and introduces relevant frameworks for immediate deployment. The applications list begins with Degree Theory, a useful tool for studying nonlinear equations. Chapter 2 deals with Fixed Point Theory, and Chapter 3 introduces Critical Point Theory. Chapter 4 presents the main spectral properties of linear, nonlinear, anisotropic, and double-phase differential operators. Chapter 5 covers semilinear and nonlinear elliptic equations with different boundary conditions, while Chapter 6 addresses dynamic systems monitored by ordinary and partial differential equations. Chapter 7 delves into optimal control problems, and Chapter 8 discusses some economic models, providing a brief presentation of Game Theory and Nash equilibrium. By offering a clear and comprehensive overview of modern analysis tools and applications, this work can greatly benefit mature graduate students seeking research topics, as well as experienced researchers interested in this vast and rich field of mathematics.

L'analisi proposta in questo libro si focalizza su particolari deformazioni delle regole di commutazione canoniche suggerite dal recente, e sempre crescente, interesse per la meccanica quantistica PT-simmetrica. Se ne considerano diverse conseguenze di natura matematica, ma anche loro possibili applicazioni alla fisica. Queste includono l'analisi di diverse Hamiltoniane non autoaggiunte, il calcolo di integrali di cammino associati a tali Hamiltoniane per mezzo di stati bi-coerenti, ed una nuovo punto di vista sugli operatori posizione e momento. Il libro è prevalentemente destinato ai ricercatori ma è anche pensato per essere fruibile da studenti di magistrale e di dottorato. Fornisce inoltre una introduzione ad alcuni aspetti delicati dell'analisi funzionale e della meccanica quantistica per osservabili non autoaggiunte.

This book offers a comprehensive presentation of the theory and methods of risk-averse optimization and control. Problems of this type arise in finance, energy production and distribution, supply chain management, medicine, and many other areas, where not only the average performance of a stochastic system is essential, but also high-impact and low-probability events must be taken into account. The book is a self-contained presentation of the utility theory, the theory of measures of risk, including systemic and dynamic measures of risk, and their use in optimization and control models. It also covers stochastic dominance relations and their application as constraints in optimization models. Optimality conditions for problems with nondifferentiable and nonconvex functions and operators involving risk measures and stochastic dominance relations are discussed. Much attention is paid to multi-stage risk-averse optimization problems and to risk-averse Markov decision problems. Specialized algorithms for solving risk-averse optimization and control problems are presented and analyzed: stochastic subgradient methods for risk optimization, decomposition methods for dynamic problems, event cut and dual methods for stochastic dominance constraints, and policy iteration methods for control problems. The target audience is researchers and graduate students in the areas of mathematics, business analytics, insurance and finance, engineering, and computer science. The theoretical considerations are illustrated with examples, which make the book useful material for advanced courses in the area.

The book'Problems in Mathematical Biophysics - a volume in memory of Alberto Gandolfi'aims at reviewing the current state of the art of the mathematical approach to various areas of theoretical biophysics. Leading authors in the field have been invited to contribute, having a strong appreciation of Alberto Gandolfi as a scientist and as a man and sharing his same passion for biology and medicine, as well as his style of investigation. Encompassing both theoretical and practical aspects of Mathematical Biophysics, the topics covered in this book span a spectrum of different problems, in biology, and medicine, including population dynamics, tumor growth and control, immunology, epidemiology, ecology, and others. As a result, the book offers a comprehensive and current overview of compelling subjects and challenges within the realm of mathematical biophysics. In their contributions, the authors have effectively conveyed not only their research findings but also their peculiar perspective and approach to problem-solving, dealing with oncology, epidemiology, neuro-sciences, and biochemistry. The chapters pertain to a wide array of mathematical areas such as continuous Markov chains, partial differential equations, kinetic theory, applied statistical mechanics, noise-induced transitions, and many others.

This book includes recent articles with new findings in Mathematics and Computer Science, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Environmental Science and Oceanography, Physics and Physical Chemistry, Chemistry, and Biochemistry. Also, it contains some articles on the state of the art. The books shows the interaction of the different disciplines of basic sciences and their roles to achieve the green environment and sustainable development via the application of green sciences. Also, the data and information in this book include solving problems in the statistic statistical and computer analysis of many experimental data; broaden the understanding for of many environmental phenomena; broaden the understanding on of how many green synthetic materials could be achieved and examples of their application in biochemistry and microbiology fields; explain how the basic sciences can help in the sustainable development; and explain how deep learning could be used in predicting some phenomena. Additionally, the book enriches understanding of many microbiological and biochemical phenomena and provides complete instructions for many biotechnological aspects. It provides complete instructions for representative waste treatment; enriches understanding of how some biochemical compounds could be tested for representative disease management; case studies that illustrate newly developed equation equations in physics; and summarizes the latest studies in the completeness between basic sciences and climate changes.

This book provides readers with an introductory overview of art from the perspective of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The author utilizes well-known and important works of art to demonstrate how STEM concepts apply to them. The book's examples include a structural analysis of Michelangelo's David. The author covers major breakthroughs in art history, such as the discovery of perspective. The book also discusses other important elements of art, such as color, from a scientific point of view. The author ensures that readers will understand the art terms used by comparing them with terms used in STEM fields of study.

This textbook is a second edition of the successful, Mathematical Logic: On Numbers, Sets, Structures, and Symmetry. It retains the original two parts found in the first edition, while presenting new material in the form of an added third part to the textbook. The textbook offers a slow introduction to mathematical logic, and several basic concepts of model theory, such as first-order definability, types, symmetries, and elementary extensions. Part I, Logic Sets, and Numbers, shows how mathematical logic is used to develop the number structures of classical mathematics. All necessary concepts are introduced exactly as they would be in a course in mathematical logic; but are accompanied by more extensive introductory remarks and examples to motivate formal developments. The second part, Relations, Structures, Geometry, introduces several basic concepts of model theory, such as first-order definability, types, symmetries, and elementary extensions, and shows how they are usedto study and classify mathematical structures. The added Part III to the book is closer to what one finds in standard introductory mathematical textbooks. Definitions, theorems, and proofs that are introduced are still preceded by remarks that motivate the material, but the exposition is more formal, and includes more advanced topics. The focus is on the notion of countable categoricity, which analyzed in detail using examples from the first two parts of the book. This textbook is suitable for graduate students in mathematical logic and set theory and will also be of interest to mathematicians who know the technical aspects of the subject, but are not familiar with its history and philosophical background.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of Structural Equation Modeling and how it can be applied to address research issues in different disciplines. The authors employ a ‘simple to complex'approach. The book reviews topics such as variance, covariance, correlation, multiple regression, mediation, moderation, path analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The authors then discuss the initial steps for performing structural equation modeling, including model specification, model identification, model estimation, model testing, and model modification. The book includes an introduction to the IBM SPSS and IBM SPSS Amos software. The authors the explain how this software can be utilized for developing measurement, structural models, and SEM models. The book provides conceptual clarity in understanding the models and discusses practical approaches to solving them. The authors also highlight how these techniques can be applied to various disciplines, including psychology, education,sociology, business, medicine, political science, and biological sciences.

This book tells the story of the probability integral, the approaches to analyzing it throughout history, and the many areas of science where it arises. The so-called probability integral, the integral over the real line of a Gaussian function, occurs ubiquitously in mathematics, physics, engineering and probability theory. Stubbornly resistant to the undergraduate toolkit for handling integrals, calculating its value and investigating its properties occupied such mathematical luminaries as De Moivre, Laplace, Poisson, and Liouville. This book introduces the probability integral, puts it into a historical context, and describes the different approaches throughout history to evaluate and analyze it. The author also takes entertaining diversions into areas of math, science, and engineering where the probability integral arises: as well as being indispensable to probability theory and statistics, it also shows up naturally in thermodynamics and signal processing. Designed to be accessible to anyone at the undergraduate level and above, this book will appeal to anyone interested in integration techniques, as well as historians of math, science, and statistics.

Solomon Wolf Golomb left an unparalleled legacy of accomplishment and recognition for his work in the applications of mathematics to coding and communication theory. His legacy also includes a host of individuals whose lives and careers were immeasurably enriched by their interactions with him. The co-editors have attempted to collect many articles/essays in this volume, of a not-too-technical sort, by a representative collection of such individuals. Among their motivations is the wish to convince the reader of the incredibly prescient choice of his given name.The first section consists of three articles which have already appeared elsewhere, by noted experts in the fields where the majority of Sol's contributions lie — mathematics, computer science and electrical engineering. The second section consists of three articles by the co-editors in memory of and tribute to Sol. The third section contains 25-30 articles by Sol's family, friends, students, colleagues, etc. They cover a great range of topics and vary widely in length, technicality and other aspects. In the last section are contributions by Sol himself, covering various aspects of his career and interests, as well as other related material.

The volume collects several contributions to the INDAM workshop Mathematical Methods for Objects Reconstruction: from 3D Vision to 3D Printing held in Rome, February, 2021. The goal of the workshop was to discuss new methods and conceptual structures for managing these challenging problems. The chapters reflect this goal and the authors are academic researchers and some experts from industry working in the areas of 3D modeling, computer vision, 3D printing and/or developing new mathematical methods for these problems. The contributions present methodologies and challenges raised by the emergence of large-scale 3D reconstruction applications and low-cost 3D printers. The volume collects complementary knowledges from different areas of mathematics, computer science and engineering on research topics related to 3D printing, which are, so far, widely unexplored. Young researchers and future scientific leaders in the field of 3D data acquisition, 3Dscene reconstruction, and 3D printing software development will find an excellent introduction to these problems and to the mathematical techniques necessary to solve them.

This monograph discusses the theoretical and practical development of multicriteria decision making (MCDM). The main purpose of MCDM is the construction of systematized strategies for the'optimisation'of feasible options, as well as the justification of why some alternatives can be declared'optimal'. However, at time, we must make decisions in an uncertain environment and such inconvenience gives rise to a much more elaborate scenario. This book highlights models where this lack of certainty can be flexibly fitted in and goes on to explore valuable strategies for making decisions under a multiplicity of criteria. Methods discussed include bipolar fuzzy TOPSIS method, bipolar fuzzy ELECTRE-I method, bipolar fuzzy ELECTRE-II method, bipolar fuzzy VIKOR method, bipolar fuzzy PROMETHEE method, and two-tuple linguistic bipolar fuzzy Heronian mean operators. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, computer scientists, and social scientists alike.

This book provides the dynamics of non-equilibrium dissipative systems with asymmetric interactions (Asymmetric Dissipative System; ADS). Asymmetric interaction breaks'the law of action and reaction'in mechanics, and results in non-conservation of the total momentum and energy. In such many-particle systems, the inflow of energy is provided and the energy flows out as dissipation. The emergences of non-trivial macroscopic phenomena occur in the non-equilibrium energy balance owing to the effect of collective motions as phase transitions and bifurcations. ADS are applied to the systems of self-driven interacting particles such as traffic and granular flows, pedestrians and evacuations, and collective movement of living systems. The fundamental aspects of dynamics in ADS are completely presented by a minimal mathematical model, the Optimal Velocity (OV) Model. Using that model, the basics of mathematical and physical mechanisms of ADS are described analytically with exact results.The application of 1-dimensional motions is presented for traffic jam formation. The mathematical theory is compared with empirical data of experiments and observations on highways. In 2-dimensional motion pattern formations of granular media, pedestrians, and group formations of organisms are described. The common characteristics of emerged moving objects are a variety of patterns, flexible deformations, and rapid response against stimulus. Self-organization and adaptation in group formations and control of group motions are shown in examples. Another OV Model formulated by a delay differential equation is provided with exact solutions using elliptic functions. The relations to soliton systems are described. Moreover, several topics in ADS are presented such as the similarity between the spatiotemporal patterns, violation of fluctuation dissipation relation, and a thermodynamic function for governing the phase transition in non-equilibrium stationary states.

This book explores and demonstrates how geometric tools can be used in data analysis. Beginning with a systematic exposition of the mathematical prerequisites, covering topics ranging from category theory to algebraic topology, Riemannian geometry, operator theory and network analysis, it goes on to describe and analyze some of the most important machine learning techniques for dimension reduction, including the different types of manifold learning and kernel methods. It also develops a new notion of curvature of generalized metric spaces, based on the notion of hyperconvexity, which can be used for the topological representation of geometric information.In recent years there has been a fascinating development: concepts and methods originally created in the context of research in pure mathematics, and in particular in geometry, have become powerful tools in machine learning for the analysis of data. The underlying reason for this is that data are typically equipped with somekind of notion of distance, quantifying the differences between data points. Of course, to be successfully applied, the geometric tools usually need to be redefined, generalized, or extended appropriately.Primarily aimed at mathematicians seeking an overview of the geometric concepts and methods that are useful for data analysis, the book will also be of interest to researchers in machine learning and data analysis who want to see a systematic mathematical foundation of the methods that they use.