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Even at the beginning of the 21st century, we are far from becoming paperless. Pen and paper is still the only truly ubiquitous information processing technology. Pen-and-paper user interfaces bridge the gap between paper and the digital world. Rather than replacing paper with electronic media, they seamlessly integrate both worlds in a hybrid user interface. Classical paper documents become interactive. This opens up a huge field of novel computer applications at our workplaces and in our homes. This book provides readers with a broad and extensive overview of the field, so as to provide a full and up-to-date picture of pen-and-paper computing. It covers the underlying technologies, reviews the variety of modern interface concepts and discusses future directions of pen-and-paper computing. Based on the author's award-winning dissertation, the book also provides the first theoretical interaction model of pen-and-paper user interfaces and an integrated set of interaction techniques for knowledge workers. The model proposes a ‘construction set'of core interactions that are helpful in designing solutions that address the diversity of pen-and-paper environments. The interaction techniques, concrete instantiations of the model, provide innovative support for working with printed and digital documents. They integrate well-established paper-based practices with concepts derived from hypertext and social media.Researchers, practitioners who are considering deploying pen-and-paper user interfaces in real-world projects, and interested readers from other research disciplines will find the book an invaluable reference source. Also, it provides an introduction to pen-and-paper computing for the academic curriculum. The present book was overdue: a thorough, concise, and well-organized compendium of marriages between paper-based and electronic documents.Max Mühlhäuser, Technische UniversitätDarmstadtEveryone interested in how to design for real-world activities would profit from reading this book.James D. Hollan, University of California, San Diego

The theory of nonlinear oscillations and stability of motion is a fundamental part of the study of numerous real world phenomena. These phenomena, particularly auto-oscillations of the first and second kind, capture, para­ metric, subharmonic and ultraharmonic resonance, asymptotic behavior and orbits'stability, constitute the core of problems treated in'Nonlinear Mechanics', and their study is connected with the names of H. Poincare, A. M. Lyapunov, N. M. Krylov and N. N. Bogolyubov. Professor Demetrios Magiros, a widely known scientist in the theories of oscillations and nonlinear differential equations, has devoted his numerous works to this significant part of modern physical science. His scientific results can be classified in the following way: I) creation of methods of analysis of subharmonic resonances under the nonlinear effect, 2) determination and analysis of the main modes of nonlinear oscillations on the basis of infinite determinants, 3) analysis of problems of celestial mechanics, 4) classification of stability of solutions of dynamic systems concepts, 5) mathematical analogs of physical and social systems. He has developed new methods and solutions for a great number of difficult problems of nonlinear mechanics making a significant contri­ bution to the theory and applications of the field. Urgency, depth of perception of the considered phenomena, and practi­ cal directness are characteristics of his work.

The book contains a selection of high quality papers, chosen among the best presentations during the International Conference on Spectral and High-Order Methods (2012), and provides an overview of the depth and breath of the activities within this important research area. The carefully reviewed selection of the papers will provide the reader with a snapshot of state-of-the-art and help initiate new research directions through the extensive bibliography. ​

This volume is devoted to the most recent discoveries in mathematics and statistics. It also serves as a platform for knowledge and information exchange between experts from industrial and academic sectors. The book covers a wide range of topics, including mathematical analyses, probability, statistics, algebra, geometry, mathematical physics, wave propagation, stochastic processes, ordinary and partial differential equations, boundary value problems, linear operators, cybernetics and number and functional theory. It is a valuable resource for pure and applied mathematicians, statisticians, engineers and scientists.

This volume is an effort to bring together important contributions to the mathe­ matical development of demography and to suggest briefly their historical context. We have tried to find who first thought of the several concepts and devices commonly used by demographers, what sort of problem he was facing to which the device or concept seemed the solution, and how his invention developed subsequently in the hands of others. Historically, the book starts with a Roman table of life expectancies from the third century a. d. about which we know little, and with John Graunt's explora­ tions in an area that was still popularly suspect when he wrote in 1662. These are followed by the astronomer Halley, who looked into the field long enough to invent the life table and to notice that Their Majesties would take a sizeable loss on the annuity scheme they had just launched; and by Euler, who was first to devise the formulas of stable population theory and to apply them to filling gaps in data To these we add the handful of further contributions in the 19th century and many pieces from the explosion of contributions that began in this century with Lotka. We doubt that we have managed to trace everything back to its ultimate beginning, and suspect that our nominees in some cases have been anticipated by predecessors who will be turned up by other students.

One of the most prolific applied mathematicians of the mid-twentieth century, Prof Lin is a highly respected professor at MIT. These volumes, a collection of Prof Lin's papers from 1943 to 1986, is an attempt to exhibit a historical perception of the development of ideas in the following areas of research:Stability of Parallel FlowsTurbulenceSpiral Structure of GalaxiesProf Lin has written short comments and personal recollections on the development of thinking in these subjects. In addition to research papers, there are two essays dealing with the basic thinking that underlies the development of applied mathematics as an academic discipline in USA. Other topics of interest are Aerodynamics, Liquid Helium, Solid State Physics, Plasticity and Magnetohydrodynamics. About 51 papers are included in these two volumes.

This volume features a selection of technical papers presented at the workshop “The Fifth Workshop on Interdisciplinary Sciences (WIS 2023)'. Contributions from esteemed researchers and academics in applied mathematics, AI, and statistics offer valuable insights into their latest research. The papers also delve into interdisciplinary applications, spanning fields such as agriculture and economics, with strong emphasis on data analysis techniques. We hope this proceedings volume will serve as a valuable resource for scholars, researchers, and practitioners interested in the recent advancements and emerging trends in interdisciplinary sciences.

This book collects select papers presented at the 7th International Arab Conference on Mathematics and Computations (IACMC 2022), held from 11–13 May 2022, at Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan. These papers discuss a new direction for mathematical sciences. Researchers, professionals and educators will be exposed to research results contributed by worldwide scholars in fundamental and advanced interdisciplinary mathematical research such as differential equations, dynamical systems, matrix analysis, numerical methods and mathematical modelling. The vision of this book is to establish prototypes in completed, current and future mathematical and applied sciences research from advanced and developing countries. The book is intended to make an intellectual contribution to the theory and practice of mathematics. This proceedings would connect scientists in this part of the world to the international level.

This volume collects papers based on talks given at the conference “Geometrias'19: Polyhedra and Beyond”, held in the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto between September 5-7, 2019 in Portugal. These papers explore the conference's theme from an interdisciplinary standpoint, all the while emphasizing the relevance of polyhedral geometry in contemporary academic research and professional practice. They also investigate how this topic connects to mathematics, art, architecture, computer science, and the science of representation. Polyhedra and Beyond will help inspire scholars, researchers, professionals, and students of any of these disciplines to develop a more thorough understanding of polyhedra.

This book gathers papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Mesh Methods for Boundary-Value Problems and Applications, which was held in Kazan, Russia, in October 2020. The papers address the following topics: the theory of mesh methods for boundary-value problems in mathematical physics; non-linear mathematical models in mechanics and physics; algorithms for solving variational inequalities; computing science; and educational systems. Given its scope, the book is chiefly intended for students in the fields of mathematical modeling science and engineering. However, it will also benefit scientists and graduate students interested in these fields.

This collection of peer-reviewed workshop papers provides comprehensive coverage of cutting-edge research into topological approaches to data analysis and visualization. It encompasses the full range of new algorithms and insights, including fast homology computation, comparative analysis of simplification techniques, and key applications in materials and medical science. The book also addresses core research challenges such as the representation of large and complex datasets, and integrating numerical methods with robust combinatorial algorithms. In keeping with the focus of the TopoInVis 2017 Workshop, the contributions reflect the latest advances in finding experimental solutions to open problems in the sector. They provide an essential snapshot of state-of-the-art research, helping researchers to keep abreast of the latest developments and providing a basis for future work. Gathering papers by some of the world's leading experts on topological techniques, thebook represents a valuable contribution to a field of growing importance, with applications in disciplines ranging from engineering to medicine.

This book presents a selection of papers from the International Conference Geometrias'17, which was hosted by the Department of Architecture at the University of Coimbra from 16 to 18 June 2017. The Geometrias conferences, organized by Aproged (the Portuguese Geometry and Drawing Teachers'Association), foster debate and exchange on practical and theoretical research in mathematics, architecture, the arts, engineering, and related fields.Geometrias'17, with the leitmotif “Thinking, Drawing, Modelling”, brought together a group of recognized experts to discuss the importance of geometric literacy and the science of representation for the development of scientific and technological research and professional practices. The 12 peer-reviewed papers gathered here show how geometry, drawing, stereotomy, and the science of representation are still at the core of every act leading to the conception and materialization of form, and highlight their continuing relevance for scholars andprofessionals in the fields of architecture, engineering, and applied mathematics.

This book gathers contributions on various aspects of the theory and applications of linear and nonlinear waves and associated phenomena, as well as approaches developed in a global partnership of researchers with the national Centre of Excellence in Nonlinear Studies (CENS) at the Department of Cybernetics of Tallinn University of Technology in Estonia.The papers chiefly focus on the role of mathematics in the analysis of wave phenomena. They highlight the complexity of related topics concerning wave generation, propagation, transformation and impact in solids, gases, fluids and human tissues, while also sharing insights into selected mathematical methods for the analytical and numerical treatment of complex phenomena. In addition, the contributions derive advanced mathematical models, share innovative ideas on computing, and present novel applications for a number of research fields where both linear and nonlinear wave problems play an important role.The papers are written in a tutorial style, intended for non-specialist researchers and students. The authors first describe the basics of a problem that is currently of interest in the scientific community, discuss the state of the art in related research, and then share their own experiences in tackling the problem.Each chapter highlights the importance of applied mathematics for central issues in the study of waves and associated complex phenomena in different media. The topics range from basic principles of wave mechanics up to the mathematics of Planet Earth in the broadest sense, including contemporary challenges in the mathematics of society. In turn, the areas of application range from classic ocean wave mathematics to material science, and to human nerves and tissues. All contributions describe the approaches in a straightforward manner, making them ideal material for educational purposes, e.g. for courses, master class lectures, or seminar presentations.

This book fills an important gap in studies on D. D. Kosambi. For the first time, the mathematical work of Kosambi is described, collected and presented in a manner that is accessible to non-mathematicians as well. A number of his papers that are difficult to obtain in these areas are made available here. In addition, there are essays by Kosambi that have not been published earlier as well as some of his lesser known works. Each of the twenty four papers is prefaced by a commentary on the significance of the work, and where possible, extracts from technical reviews by other mathematicians.

This book discusses recent developments and contemporary research in mathematics, statistics and their applications in computing. All contributing authors are eminent academicians, scientists, researchers and scholars in their respective fields, hailing from around the world. This is the second conference on mathematics and computing organized at Haldia Institute of Technology, India. The conference has emerged as a powerful forum, offering researchers a venue to discuss, interact and collaborate, and stimulating the advancement of mathematics and its applications in computer science. The book will allow aspiring researchers to update their knowledge of cryptography, algebra, frame theory, optimizations, stochastic processes, compressive sensing, functional analysis, complex variables, etc. Educating future consumers, users, producers, developers and researchers in mathematics and computing is a challenging task and essential to the development of modern society. Hence, mathematics and its applications in computing are of vital importance to a broad range of communities, including mathematicians and computing professionals across different educational levels and disciplines.In current research, modeling and simulation, making decisions under uncertainty and pattern recognition have become very common. Professionals across different educational levels and disciplines need exposure to advances in mathematics and computing. In this context, this book presents research papers on applicable areas of current interest. It also includes papers in which experts summarize research findings, such as signal processing and analysis and low-rank-matrix approximation for solving large systems, which will emerge as powerful tools for further research. These new advances and cutting-edge research in the fields of mathematics and their applications to computing are of paramount importance for young researchers.

From 12 to 14 September 2002, the Academy of Humanities and Economics (AHE) hosted the workshop'Optimization and Inverse Problems in Electromagnetism'. After this bi-annual event, a large number of papers were assembled and combined in this book. During the workshop recent developments and applications in optimization and inverse methodologies for electromagnetic fields were discussed. The contributions selected for the present volume cover a wide spectrum of inverse and optimal electromagnetic methodologies, ranging from theoretical to practical applications. A number of new optimal and inverse methodologies were proposed. There are contributions related to dedicated software. Optimization and Inverse Problems in Electromagnetism consists of three thematic chapters, covering: -General papers (survey of specific aspects of optimization and inverse problems in electromagnetism), -Methodologies, -Industrial Applications. The book can be useful to students of electrical and electronics engineering, computer science, applied mathematics (PhD level) and to researchers interested in the topic.

Soft computing techniques have reached a significant level of recognition and - ceptance from both the academic and industrial communities. The papers collected in this volume illustrate the depth of the current theoretical research trends and the breadth of the application areas in which soft computing methods are making c- tributions. This volume consists of forty six selected papers presented at the Fourth Inter- tional Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, which was held in N- th th tingham, United Kingdom on 12 and 13 December 2002 at Nottingham Trent University. This volume is organized in five parts. The first four parts address mainly the f- damental and theoretical advances in soft computing, namely Artificial Neural Networks, Evolutionary Computing, Fuzzy Systems and Hybrid Systems. The fifth part of this volume presents papers that deal with practical issues and ind- trial applications of soft computing techniques. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the authors who submitted contributions for inclusion. We are also indebted to Janusz Kacprzyk for his - vices related to this volume. We hope you find the volume an interesting refl- tion of current theoretical and application based soft computing research.

This book was originally compiled for a course I taught at the University of Rochester in the fall of 1991, and is intended to give advanced graduate students in statistics an introduction to Edgeworth and saddlepoint approximations, and related techniques. Many other authors have also written monographs on this sub­ ject, and so this work is narrowly focused on two areas not recently discussed in theoretical text books. These areas are, first, a rigorous consideration of Edgeworth and saddlepoint expansion limit theorems, and second, a survey of the more recent developments in the field. In presenting expansion limit theorems I have drawn heavily on notation of McCullagh (1987) and on the theorems presented by Feller (1971) on Edgeworth expansions. For saddlepoint notation and results I relied most heavily on the many papers of Daniels, and a review paper by Reid (1988). Throughout this book I have tried to maintain consistent notation and to present theorems in such a way as to make a few theoretical results useful in as many contexts aS possible. This was not only in order to present as many results with as few proofs as possible, but more importantly to show the interconnections between the various facets of asymptotic theory. Special attention is paid to regularity conditions. The reasons they are needed and the parts they play in the proofs are both highlighted.

Ernst Zermelo (1871-1953) is regarded as the founder of axiomatic set theory and is best-known for the first formulation of the axiom of choice. However, his papers also include pioneering work in applied mathematics and mathematical physics.This edition of his collected papers consists of two volumes. The present Volume II covers Ernst Zermelo's work on the calculus of variations, applied mathematics, and physics.The papers are each presented in their original language together with an English translation, the versions facing each other on opposite pages. Each paper or coherent group of papers is preceded by an introductory note provided by an acknowledged expert in the field who comments on the historical background, motivation, accomplishments, and influence.

A tremendous amount of work has been done over the last thirty years in cluster analysis, with a significant amount occurring since 1960. A substantial portion of this work has appeared in many journals, including numerous applied journals, and a unified ex­ position is lacking. The purpose of this monograph is to supply such an exposition by presenting a brief survey on cluster analysis. The main intent of the monograph is to give the reader a quick account of the prob­ lem of cluster analysis and to expose to him the various aspects thereof. With this intent in mind much detail has been omitted, particularly in so far as detailed examples are considered. Most of the references stated within the text contain examples and the reader can consult them for additional information on specific topics. Efforts were made to include in the reference section all papers that played a role in developing the'theory'of cluster analysis. Any omission of such references was not intentional and we would appreciate knowing about them. Many references to papers in applied journals are also contained, however, the list-is far from being complete. This monograph has been greatly influenced by the work of many people, most notably, J. A. Hartigan, D. Wishart, J. K. Bryan, R. E. Jensen, H. D. Vinod, and M. R. Rao. Several portions of the monograph were motivated by research performed under the support of NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, Earth Observations Division, under Contract NAS 9-12775.

This collection of papers is dedicated to the memory of Gaetano Fichera, a great mathematician and also a good friend to the editors. Regrettably it took an unusual amount of time to bring this collection out. This was primarily due to the fact that the main editor who had collected all of the materials, for this volume, P. D. Panagiotopoulos, died unexpectedly during the period when we were editing the manuscript. The other two editors in appreciation of Panagiotopoulos'contribution to this field, believe it is therefore fitting that this collection be dedicated to his memory also. The theme of the collection is centered around the seminal research of G. Fichera on the Signorini problem. Variants on this idea enter in different ways. For example, by bringing in friction the problem is no longer self-adjoint and the minimization formulation is not valid. A large portion of this collection is devoted to survey papers concerning hemivariational methods, with a main point of its application to nonsmooth mechanics. Hemivariational inequali­ ties, which are a generalization of variational inequalities, were pioneered by Panagiotopoulos. There are many applications of this theory to the study of non convex energy functionals occurring in many branches of mechanics. An area of concentration concerns contact problems, in particular, quasistatic and dynamic contact problems with friction and damage. Nonsmooth optimization methods which may be divided into the main groups of subgradient methods and bundle methods are also discussed in this collection.

These are the proceedings of the Second R. Yorque Workshop on Resource Management which took place in Ashland, Oregon on July 23-25, 1984. The purpose of the workshop is to provide an informal atmosphere for the discussion of resource assessment and management problems. Each participant presented a one hour morning talk; afternoons were reserved for informal chatting. The workshop was successful in stimulating ideas and interaction. The papers by R. Deriso, R. Hilborn and C. Walters all address the same basic issue, so they are lumped together. Other than that, the order to the papers in this volume was determined in the same fashion as the order of speakers during the workshop -- by random draw. Marc Mangel Department of Mathematics University of California Davis, California June 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS A General Theory for Fishery Modeling Jon Schnute Data Transformations in Regression Analysis with Applications to Stock-Recruitment Relationships David Ruppert and Raymond J. Carroll ••••••. ••. ••.. •••••••••••••••. • 29 A Conceptual Model for Multispecies, Multifleet Fisheries Wayne M. Getz, Gordon L. Swartzman, and Robert C. Francis. ••. •••. ••• 49 Risk Adverse Harvesting Strategies Richard Der iso.. •.. ••••.. •........ ••••••. •..... •. ••. •••••••••. •. ••• 65 A Comparison of Harvest Policies for Mixed Stock Fisheries Ray Hilborn.. •••••••. ••. ••. ••••••. ••••••••••••.. ••••••..... ••••••.. • 75 Pathological Behavior of Managed Populations When Production Relationships are Assessed from Natural Experiments Carl J. Walters••••••. ••••••••••. •. ••. ••••••. •. ••••••••••. •••••...

This volume represents the edited proceedings of the International Symposium on Mathematical Biology held in Kyoto, November 10-15, 1985. The symposium was or­ ganized by an international committee whose members are: E. Teramoto, M. Yamaguti, S. Amari, S.A. Levin, H. Matsuda, A. Okubo, L.M. Ricciardi, R. Rosen, and L.A. Segel. The symposium included technical sessions with a total of 11 invited papers, 49 contributed papers and a poster session where 40 papers were displayed. These Proceedings consist of selected papers from this symposium. This symposium was the second Kyoto meeting on mathematical topics in biology. The first was held in conjunction with the Sixth International Biophysics Congress in 1978. Since then this field of science has grown enormously, and the number of scientists in the field has rapidly increased. This is also the case in Japan. About 80 young japanese scientists and graduate students participated this time.. The sessions were divided into 4 ;, categories: 1) Mathematical Ecology and Population Biology, 2) Mathematical Theory of Developmental Biology and Morphogenesis, 3) Theoretical Neurosciences, and 4) Cell Kinetics and Other Topics. In every session, there were stimulating and active discussions among the participants. We are convinced that the symposium was highly successful in transmitting scientific information across disciplines and in establishing fruitful contacts among the participants. We owe this success to the cooperation of all participants.

The papers in this volume are based on talks given at a one day conference held on the campus of Adelphi University in April 1982. The conference was organized with the title'Oscillations in Mathematical Biology;'however the speakers were allowed considerable latitutde in their choice of topics. In the event, the talks all concerned the dynamics of non-linear systems arising in biology so that the conference achieved a good measure of cohesion. Some of the speakers cho~e not to submit a manuscript for these proceedings, feeling that their material was too conjectural to be committed to print. Also the paper of Rinzel and Troy is a distillation of the two separate talks that the authors gave. Otherwise the material reproduces the conference proceedings. The conference was made possible by the generous support of the Office of the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Adelphi. The bulk of the organization of the conference was carried out by Dr. Ronald Grisell whose energy was in large measure responsible for the success of the conference.

This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the work­ shop'Modelling of Patterns in Space and Time', organized by the 80nderforschungsbereich 123,'8tochastische Mathematische Modelle', in Heidelberg, July 4-8, 1983. The main aim of this workshop was to bring together physicists, chemists, biologists and mathematicians for an exchange of ideas and results in modelling patterns. Since the mathe­ matical problems arising depend only partially on the particular field of applications the interdisciplinary cooperation proved very useful. The workshop mainly treated phenomena showing spatial structures. The special areas covered were morphogenesis, growth in cell cultures, competition systems, structured populations, chemotaxis, chemical precipitation, space-time oscillations in chemical reactors, patterns in flames and fluids and mathematical methods. The discussions between experimentalists and theoreticians were especially interesting and effective. The editors hope that these proceedings reflect at least partially the atmosphere of this workshop. For the convenience of the reader, the papers are ordered alpha­ betically according to authors. However, the table of contents can easily be grouped into the main topics of the workshop. For practical reasons it was not possible to reproduce in colour the beautiful pictures of patterns shown at the workshop. Since a larger number of half-tone pictures could be included in this volume, the loss of information has, however, been kept to a minimum. The workshop has already stimulated cooperation between its parti­ cipants and this volume is intended to spread this effect.

This volume contains the proceedings of a meeting entitled'Nonlinear Oscillations in Biology and Chemistry', which was held at the University of Utah May 9-11,1985. The papers fall into four major categories: (i) those that deal with biological problems, particularly problems arising in cell biology, (ii) those that deal with chemical systems, (iii) those that treat problems which arise in neurophysiology, and (iv), those whose primary emphasis is on more general models and the mathematical techniques involved in their analysis. Except for the paper by Auchmuty, all are based on talks given at the meeting. The diversity of papers gives some indication of the scope of the meeting, but the printed word conveys neither the degree of interaction between the participants nor the intellectual sparks generated by that interaction. The meeting was made possible by the financial support of the Department of Mathe­ matics of the University of Utah. I am indebted to Ms. Toni Bunker of the Department of Mathematics for her very able assistance on all manner of details associated with the organization of the meeting. Finally, a word of thanks to all participants for their con­ tributions to the success of the meeting, and to the contributors to this volume for their efforts in preparing their manuscripts.

This volume consists of papers presented in the special sessions on'Wave Phenomena and Related Topics', and'Asymptotics and Homogenization'of the ISAAC'97 Congress held at the University of Delaware, during June 2-7, 1997. The ISAAC Congress coincided with a U.S.-Japan Seminar also held at the University of Delaware. The latter was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant INT -9603029 and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grant MTCS-134. It was natural that the'participants of both meetings should interact and consequently several persons attending the Congress also presented papers in the Seminar. The success of the ISAAC Congress and the U.S.-Japan Seminar has led to the ISAAC'99 Congress being held in Fukuoka, Japan during August 1999. Many of the same participants will return to this Seminar. Indeed, it appears that the spirit of the U.S.-Japan Seminar will be continued every second year as part of the ISAAC Congresses. We decided to include with the papers presented in the ISAAC Congress and the U.S.-Japan Seminar several very good papers by colleagues from the former Soviet Union. These participants in the ISAAC Congress attended at their own expense. This volume has the title Direct and Inverse Problems of Mathematical Physics which consists of the papers on scattering theory, coefficient identification, uniqueness and existence theorems, boundary controllability, wave propagation in stratified media, viscous flows, nonlinear acoustics, Sobolev spaces, singularity theory, pseudo differential operators, and semigroup theory.

This volume contains 44 papers presented at the Third Contact Mechanics International Symposium (CMIS 2001) held in Praia da Consola9ao, Peniche (portugal), June 17-21,2001. This Symposium was the direct continuation of the first two CMIS held in Lausanne (1992) and in Carry-Le-Rouet (1994). Other related meetings, in what concerns scientific topics and participants, took place in the nineties at La Grande Motte (1990), Vadstena (1996), Ferrara (1997), Munich (1998) and Grenoble (1999). The Symposium aimed at gathering researchers with interests in a wide range of topics in theoretical, computational and experimental contact mechanics. The call for papers mentioned topics in tribology, mathematical formulations and analysis, numerical methods in non-smooth mechanics, impact problems, instabilities and technological problems. The total number of participants was 102, from Universities and Research Institutes of 19 countries. The Scientific Committee reviewed 102 submitted abstracts, and the final program consisted of 6 main lectures, 43 oral communications and 36 poster presentations (see Appendix A). The papers in this book correspond to almost all the main lectures and oral communications, and they are assembled in 5 chapters: • Dynamics and Impact • Instabilities, Oscillations and Waves • Contact Models, Results and Applications • Mathematical Analysis • Numerical Methods. We thank all the authors for their valuable contributions to this volume. We are indebted to the members of the Scientific Committee for their help in refereeing the submitted abstracts and manuscripts. We also thank the Series editor, Prof. Graham Gladwell, for his assistance in the revision process.

This volume consists of papers presented in the special sessions on'Complex and Numerical Analysis','Value Distribution Theory and Complex Domains', and'Use of Symbolic Computation in Mathematics Education'of the ISAAC'97 Congress held at the University of Delaware, during June 2-7, 1997. The ISAAC Congress coincided with a U.S.-Japan Seminar also held at the University of Delaware. The latter was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant INT-9603029 and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grant MTCS-134. It was natural that the participants of both meetings should interact and consequently several persons attending the Congress also presented papers in the Seminar. The success of the ISAAC Congress and the U.S.-Japan Seminar has led to the ISAAC'99 Congress being held in Fukuoka, Japan during August 1999. Many of the same participants will return to this Seminar. Indeed, it appears that the spirit of the U.S.-Japan Seminar will be continued every second year as part of the ISAAC Congresses. We decided to include with the papers presented in the ISAAC Congress and the U.S.-Japan Seminar several very good papers by colleagues from the former Soviet Union. These participants in the ISAAC Congress attended at their own expense.

In response to a growing interest in Total Least Squares (TLS) and Errors-In-Variables (EIV) modeling by researchers and practitioners, well-known experts from several disciplines were invited to prepare an overview paper and present it at the third international workshop on TLS and EIV modeling held in Leuven, Belgium, August 27-29, 2001. These invited papers, representing two-thirds of the book, together with a selection of other presented contributions yield a complete overview of the main scientific achievements since 1996 in TLS and Errors-In-Variables modeling. In this way, the book nicely completes two earlier books on TLS (SIAM 1991 and 1997). Not only computational issues, but also statistical, numerical, algebraic properties are described, as well as many new generalizations and applications. Being aware of the growing interest in these techniques, it is a strong belief that this book will aid and stimulate users to apply the new techniques and models correctly to their own practical problems.

This edited book is dedicated to Professor N. U. Ahmed, a leading scholar and a renowned researcher in optimal control and optimization on the occasion of his retirement from the Department of Electrical Engineering at University of Ottawa in 1999. The contributions of this volume are in the areas of optimal control, non­ linear optimization and optimization applications. They are mainly the im­ proved and expanded versions of the papers selected from those presented in two special sessions of two international conferences. The first special session is Optimization Methods, which was organized by K. L. Teo and X. Q. Yang for the International Conference on Optimization and Variational Inequality, the City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 1998. The other one is Optimal Control, which was organized byK. ~Teo and L. Caccetta for the Dynamic Control Congress, Ottawa, 1999. This volume is divided into three parts: Optimal Control; Optimization Methods; and Applications. The Optimal Control part is concerned with com­ putational methods, modeling and nonlinear systems. Three computational methods for solving optimal control problems are presented: (i) a regularization method for computing ill-conditioned optimal control problems, (ii) penalty function methods that appropriately handle final state equality constraints, and (iii) a multilevel optimization approach for the numerical solution of opti­ mal control problems. In the fourth paper, the worst-case optimal regulation involving linear time varying systems is formulated as a minimax optimal con­ trol problem.

This volume presents state-of-the-art complementarity applications, algorithms, extensions and theory in the form of eighteen papers. These at the International Conference on Com­ invited papers were presented plementarity 99 (ICCP99) held in Madison, Wisconsin during June 9-12, 1999 with support from the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-9970102. Complementarity is becoming more widely used in a variety of appli­ cation areas. In this volume, there are papers studying the impact of complementarity in such diverse fields as deregulation of electricity mar­ kets, engineering mechanics, optimal control and asset pricing. Further­ more, application of complementarity and optimization ideas to related problems in the burgeoning fields of machine learning and data mining are also covered in a series of three articles. In order to effectively process the complementarity problems that arise in such applications, various algorithmic, theoretical and computational extensions are covered in this volume. Nonsmooth analysis has an im­ portant role to play in this area as can be seen from articles using these tools to develop Newton and path following methods for constrained nonlinear systems and complementarity problems. Convergence issues are covered in the context of active set methods, global algorithms for pseudomonotone variational inequalities, successive convex relaxation and proximal point algorithms. Theoretical contributions to the connectedness of solution sets and constraint qualifications in the growing area of mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints are also presented. A relaxation approach is given for solving such problems. Finally, computational issues related to preprocessing mixed complementarity problems are addressed.

The theory of operator algebras acting on a Hilbert space was initiated in thirties by papers of Murray and von Neumann. In these papers they have studied the structure of algebras which later were called von Neu­ mann algebras or W• -algebras. They are weakly closed complex •-algebras of operators on a Hilbert space. At present the theory of von Neumann algebras is a deeply developed theory with various applications. In the framework of von Neumann algebras theory the study of fac­ tors (i.e. W• -algebras with trivial centres) is very important, since they are comparatively simple and investigation of general W• -algebras can be reduced to the case of factors. Therefore the theory of factors is one of the main tools in the structure theory of von Neumann algebras. In the middle of sixtieth Topping [To 1] and Stormer [S 2] have ini­ tiated the study of Jordan (non associative and real) analogues of von Neumann algebras - so called JW-algebras, i.e. real linear spaces of self­ adjoint opera.tors on a complex Hilbert space, which contain the identity operator 1. closed with respect to the Jordan (i.e. symmetrised) product INTRODUCTION 2 x 0 y = ~(Xy + yx) and closed in the weak operator topology. The structure of these algebras has happened to be close to the struc­ ture of von Neumann algebras and it was possible to apply ideas and meth­ ods similar to von Neumann algebras theory in the study of JW-algebras.

This book contains the courses given at the Fifth School on Complex Systems held at Santiago, Chile, from 9th.to 13th December 1996. At this school met researchers working on areas related with recent trends in Complex Systems, which include dynamical systems, cellular automata, symbolic dynamics, spatial systems, statistical physics and thermodynamics. Scientists working in these subjects come from several areas: pure and applied mathematics, physics, biology, computer science and electrical engineering. Each contribution is devoted to one of the above subjects. In most cases they are structured as surveys, presenting at the same time an original point of view about the topic and showing mostly new results. The paper of Bruno Durand presents the state of the art on the relationships between the notions of surjectivity, injectivity and reversibility in cellular automata when finite, infinite or periodic configurations are considered, also he discusses decidability problems related with the classification of cellular automata as well as global properties mentioned above. The paper of Eric Goles and Martin Matamala gives a uniform presentation of simulations of Turing machines by cellular automata. The main ingredient is the encoding function which must be fixed for all Turing machine. In this context known results are revised and new results are presented.

This is author-approved bcc: This is the third volume of a collection of seminal papers in the statistical sciences written during the past 110 years. These papers have each had an outstanding influence on the development of statistical theory and practice over the last century. Each paper is preceded by an introduction written by an authority in the field providing background information and assessing its influence. Volume III concerntrates on articles from the 1980's while including some earlier articles not included in Volume I and II. Samuel Kotz is Professor of Statistics in the College of Business and Management at the University of Maryland. Norman L. Johnson is Professor Emeritus of Statistics at the University of North Carolina. Also available: Breakthroughs in Statistics Volume I: Foundations and Basic Theory Samuel Kotz and Norman L. Johnson, Editors 1993. 631 pp. Softcover. ISBN 0-387-94037-5 Breakthroughs in Statistics Volume II: Methodology and Distribution Samuel Kotz and Norman L. Johnson, Editors 1993. 600 pp. Softcover. ISBN 0-387-94039-1

For some years, specification of software and hardware systems has been influenced not only by algebraic methods but also by new developments in logic. These new developments in logic are partly based on the use of algorithmic techniques in deduction and proving methods, but are alsodue to new theoretical advances, to a great extent stimulated by computer science, which have led to new types of logic and new logical calculi. The new techniques, methods and tools from logic, combined with algebra-based ones, offer very powerful and useful tools for the computer scientist, which may soon become practical for commercial use, where, in particular, more powerful specification tools are needed for concurrent and distributed systems. This volume contains papers based on lectures by leading researchers which were originally given at an international summer school held in Marktoberdorf in 1991. The papers aim to give a foundation for combining logic and algebra for the purposes of specification under the aspects of automated deduction, proving techniques, concurrency and logic, abstract data types and operational semantics, and constructive methods.

This collection contains papers conceptually related to the classical ideas of Sophus Lie (i.e., to Lie groups and Lie algebras). Obviously, it is impos­ sible to embrace all such topics in a book of reasonable size. The contents of this one reflect the scientific interests of those authors whose activities, to some extent at least, are associated with the International Sophus Lie Center. We have divided the book into five parts in accordance with the basic topics of the papers (although it can be easily seen that some of them may be attributed to several parts simultaneously). The first part (quantum mathematics) combines the papers related to the methods generated by the concepts of quantization and quantum group. The second part is devoted to the theory of hypergroups and Lie hypergroups, which is one of the most important generalizations of the classical concept of locally compact group and of Lie group. A natural harmonic analysis arises on hypergroups, while any abstract transformation of Fourier type is gen­ erated by some hypergroup (commutative or not). Part III contains papers on the geometry of homogeneous spaces, Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras. Classical problems of the representation theory for Lie groups, as well as for topological groups and semigroups, are discussed in the papers of Part IV. Finally, the last part of the collection relates to applications of the ideas of Sophus Lie to differential equations.

The present volume contains a selection of papers presented at the Eighth Conference of the International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS) which was held in Cracow, Poland, July 16-19, 2002. All originally submitted papers were subject to a reviewing process by two independent referees, a procedure which resulted in the selection of the 53 articles presented in this volume. These articles relate to theoretical investigations as well as to practical applications and cover a wide range of topics in the broad domain of classifi­ cation, data analysis and related methods. If we try to classify the wealth of problems, methods and approaches into some representative (partially over­ lapping) groups, we find in particular the following areas: • Clustering • Cluster validation • Discrimination • Multivariate data analysis • Statistical methods • Symbolic data analysis • Consensus trees and phylogeny • Regression trees • Neural networks and genetic algorithms • Applications in economics, medicine, biology, and psychology. Given the international orientation of IFCS conferences and the leading role of IFCS in the scientific world of classification, clustering and data anal­ ysis, this volume collects a representative selection of current research and modern applications in this field and serves as an up-to-date information source for statisticians, data analysts, data mining specialists and computer scientists.

Integrable quantum field theories and integrable lattice models have been studied for several decades, but during the last few years new ideas have emerged that have considerably changed the topic. The first group of papers published here is concerned with integrable structures of quantum lattice models related to quantum group symmetries. The second group deals with the description of integrable structures in two-dimensional quantum field theories, especially boundary problems, thermodynamic Bethe ansatz and form factor problems. Finally, a major group of papers is concerned with the purely mathematical framework that underlies the physically-motivated research on quantum integrable models, including elliptic deformations of groups, representation theory of non-compact quantum groups, and quantization of moduli spaces.

This book is a compilation of a selected subset of research articles presented at the Eighth INFORMS Computing Society Conference, held in Chandler, Arizona, from January 8 to 10, 2003. The articles in this book represent the diversity and depth of the interface between ORiMS (operations research and the management sciences) and CS/AI (computer science and artificial intelligence). This volume starts with two papers that represent the reflective and integrative thinking that is critical to any scientific discipline. These two articles present philosophical perspectives on computation, covering a variety of traditional and newer methods for modeling, solving, and explaining mathematical models. The next set includes articles that study machine learning and computational heuristics, and is followed by articles that address issues in performance testing of solution algorithms and heuristics. These two sets of papers demonstrate the richness of thought that takes place at the ORiMS and CSI AI interface. The final set of articles demonstrates the usefulness of these and other methods at the interface towards solving problems in the real world, covering e-commerce, workflow, electronic negotiation, music, parallel computation, and telecommunications. The articles in this collection represent the results of cross-fertilization between ORiMS and CSI AI, making possible advances that could have not been achieved in isolation. The continuing aim ofthe INFORMS Computing Society and this research conference is to invigorate and further develop this interface.

The proceedings represent the state of knowledge in the area of algorithmic differentiation (AD). The 31 contributed papers presented at the AD2012 conference cover the application of AD to many areas in science and engineering as well as aspects of AD theory and its implementation in tools. For all papers the referees, selected from the program committee and the greater community, as well as the editors have emphasized accessibility of the presented ideas also to non-AD experts. In the AD tools arena new implementations are introduced covering, for example, Java and graphical modeling environments or join the set of existing tools for Fortran. New developments in AD algorithms target the efficiency of matrix-operation derivatives, detection and exploitation of sparsity, partial separability, the treatment of nonsmooth functions, and other high-level mathematical aspects of the numerical computations to be differentiated. Applications stem from the Earth sciences, nuclear engineering, fluid dynamics, and chemistry, to name just a few. In many cases the applications in a given area of science or engineering share characteristics that require specific approaches to enable AD capabilities or provide an opportunity for efficiency gains in the derivative computation. The description of these characteristics and of the techniques for successfully using AD should make the proceedings a valuable source of information for users of AD tools.

The historical and epistemological reflection on the applications of mathematical techniques to the Sciences of Nature - physics, biology, chemistry, and geology - today generates attention and interest because of the increasing use of mathematical models in all sciences and their high level of sophistication. The goal of the meeting and the papers collected in this proceedings volume is to give physicists, biologists, mathematicians, and historians of science the opportunity to share information on their work and reflect on the and mathematical models are used in the natural sciences today and in way mathematics the past. The program of the workshop combines the experience of those working on current scientific research in many different fields with the historical analysis of previous results. We hope that some novel interdisciplinary, philosophical, and epistemological considerations will follow from the two aspects of the workshop, the historical and the scientific· This proceedings includes papers presented at the meeting and some of the results of the discussions that took place during the workshop. We wish to express our gratitude to Sergio Monteiro for all his work, which has been essential for the successful publication of these proceedings. We also want to thank the editors of Kluwer AcademidPlenum Publishers for their patience and constant help, and in particular Beth Kuhne and Roberta Klarreich. Our thanks to the fallowing institutions: -Amministrazione Comunale di Arcidosso -Comunita Montana del Monte Amiata ·Center for the History of Physics, UCLA -Centre F.

The papers included in this volume were presented at the Symposium on Advances in the Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Material Behavior, held as part of the 1999 Joint ASME Applied Mechanics and Materials Summer Conference at Virginia Tech on June 27-30, 1999. The Symposium was held in honor of Professor Roger L. Fosdick on his 60th birthday. The papers are written by prominent researchers in the fields of mechanics, thermodynamics, materials modeling, and applied mathematics. They address open questions and present the latest development in these and related areas. This volume is a valuable reference for researchers and graduate students in universities and research laboratories.

Lotfi Zadeh introduced the notion of a fuzzy subset of a set in 1965. Ris seminal paper has opened up new insights and applications in a wide range of scientific fields. Azriel Rosenfeld used the notion of a fuzzy subset to put forth cornerstone papers in several areas of mathematics, among other discplines. Rosenfeld is the father of fuzzy abstract algebra. Kuroki is re­ sponsible for much of fuzzy ideal theory of semigroups. Others who worked on fuzzy semigroup theory, such as Xie, are mentioned in the bibliogra­ phy. The purpose of this book is to present an up to date account of fuzzy subsemigroups and fuzzy ideals of a semigroup. We concentrate mainly on theoretical aspects, but we do include applications. The applications are in the areas of fuzzy coding theory, fuzzy finite state machines, and fuzzy languages. An extensive account of fuzzy automata and fuzzy languages is given in [100]. Consequently, we only consider results in these areas that have not appeared in [100] and that pertain to semigroups. In Chapter 1, we review some basic results on fuzzy subsets, semigroups, codes, finite state machines, and languages. The purpose of this chapter is to present basic results that are needed in the remainder of the book. In Chapter 2, we introduce certain fuzzy ideals of a semigroup, namely, fuzzy two-sided ideals, fuzzy bi-ideals, fuzzy interior ideals, fuzzy quasi­ ideals, and fuzzy generalized bi-ideals.

On May 10-12, 1973 a Conference on Mathematical Methods in Graph Theory was held at Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo. The theme of this Conference was recent advances in the application of analytic and algebraic methods to the analysis of queues and queueing networks. In addition some discussion was given to statistical analy­ ses in queues, control problems and graphical methods. A total of 83 individuals from both industry and academic estab­ lishments participated in the Conference. A list of these partici­ pants can be found on page 373. A total of 18 papers were presented, with sUbstantial time being devoted to their informal discussion. This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Conference, and includes all papers presented. TABLE OF CONTENTS MARCEL F. NEUTS The Markov Renewal Branching Process • 1 RALPH L. DISNEY and W. PETER CHERRY Some Topics in Queueing Network Theory 23 JULIAN KEILSON Convexity and Complete Monotonicity in Queueing Distributions and Associated Limit Behavior. • • • • •.. • • • •• • • 45 G. F. NEWELL Graphical Representation of Queue Evolution for Multiple-Server Systems •. • • • • • • • • • • 63 N. U. PRABHU Wiener-Hopf Techniques in Queueing Theory 81 / IAJOS TAKACS Occupation Time Problems in the Theory of Queues 91 TAPAN P. BAGCHI and J. G. C. TEMPLETON Some Finite waiting Space Bulk Queueing Systems 133 U.

The idea of this book originated in the works presented at the First Latinamerican Conference on Mathematics in Industry and Medicine, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from November 27 to December 1, 1995. A variety of topics were discussed at this meeting. A large percentage of the papers focused on Wavelet and Harmonic Analysis. The theory and applications of this topic shown at the Conference were interesting enough to be published. Based on that we selected some works which make the core of this book. Other papers are contributions written by invited experts in the field to complete the presentation. All the works were written after the Conference. The purpose of this book is to present recent results as well as theo­ retical applied aspects of the subject. We have decided not to include a section devoted to the theoretical foundations of wavelet methods for non­ specialists. There are excellent introductions already available, for example, Chapter one in Wavelets in Medicine and Biology, edited by A. Aldroubi and M. Unser, 1996, or some of the references cited in the chapter.

The past few years have witnessed dramatic advances in computational methods for Bayesian inference. As a result, Bayesian approaches to solving a wide variety of problems in data analysis and decision-making have become feasible, and there is currently a growth spurt in the application of Bayesian methods. The purpose of this volume is to present several detailed examples of applications of Bayesian thinking, with an emphasis on the scientific or technological context of the problem being solved. The papers collected here were presented and discussed at a Workshop held at Carnegie-Mellon University, September 29 through October 1, 1991. There are five ma­ jor articles, each with two discussion pieces and a reply. These articles were invited by us following a public solicitation of abstracts. The problems they address are diverse, but all bear on policy decision-making. Though not part of our original design for the Workshop, that commonality of theme does emphasize the usefulness of Bayesian meth­ ods in this arena. Along with the invited papers were several additional commentaries of a general nature; the first comment was invited and the remainder grew out of the discussion at the Workshop. In addition there are nine contributed papers, selected from the thirty-four presented at the Workshop, on a variety of applications. This collection of case studies illustrates the ways in which Bayesian methods are being incorporated into statistical practice. The strengths (and limitations) of the approach become apparent through the examples.

Like the first two volumes, this third volume of case studies presents detailed applications of Bayesian statistical analysis, emphasizing the sci­ entific context. The papers were presented and discussed at a workshop at Carnegie Mellon University, October 5-7, 1995. In this volume, which is dedicated to the memory of Morris H. DeGroot, econometric applica­ tions are highlighted. There are six invited papers, each with accompany­ ing invited discussion, and eight contributed papers (which were selected following refereeing). In addition, we include prefatory recollections about Morrie DeGroot by James o. Berger and Richard M. Cyert. INVITED PAPERS In Probing Public Opinion: The State of Valencia Experience, Jose Bernardo, who was a scientific advisor to the President of the State of Valencia, Spain, summarizes procedures that were set up to probe public opinion, and were used as an input to the government's decision making process. At the outset, a sample survey had to be designed. The problem of finding an optimal Bayesian design, based on logarithmic divergence be­ tween probability distributions, involves minimization over 21483 points in the action space. To solve it, simulated annealing was used. The author describes the objective of obtaining the probability that an individual clas­ sified in a certain group will prefer one of several possible alternatives, and his approach using posterior distributions based on reference priors.

The 4th Workshop on Case Studies in Bayesian Statistics was held at the Car­ negie Mellon University campus on September 27-28, 1997. As in the past, the workshop featured both invited and contributed case studies. The former were presented and discussed in detail while the latter were presented in poster format. This volume contains the four invited case studies with the accompanying discus­ sion as well as nine contributed papers selected by a refereeing process. While most of the case studies in the volume come from biomedical research the reader will also find studies in environmental science and marketing research. INVITED PAPERS In Modeling Customer Survey Data, Linda A. Clark, William S. Cleveland, Lorraine Denby, and Chuanhai LiD use hierarchical modeling with time series components in for customer value analysis (CVA) data from Lucent Technologies. The data were derived from surveys of customers of the company and its competi­ tors, designed to assess relative performance on a spectrum of issues including product and service quality and pricing. The model provides a full description of the CVA data, with random location and scale effects for survey respondents and longitudinal company effects for each attribute. In addition to assessing the performance of specific companies, the model allows the empirical exploration of the conceptual basis of consumer value analysis. The authors place special em­ phasis on graphical displays for this complex, multivariate set of data and include a wealth of such plots in the paper.

The Athens Conference on Applied Probability and Time Series in 1995 brought together researchers from across the world. The published papers appear in two volumes. Volume II presents papers on time series analysis, many of which were contributed to a meeting in March 1995 partly in honour of E.J. Hannan. The initial paper by P.M. Robinson discusses Ted Hannan's researches and their influence on current work in time series analysis. Other papers discuss methods for finite parameter Gaussian models, time series with infinite variance or stable marginal distribution, frequency domain methods, long range dependent processes, nonstationary processes, and nonlinear time series. The methods presented can be applied in a number of fields such as statistics, applied mathematics, engineering, economics and ecology. The papers include many of the topics of current interest in time series analysis and will be of interest to a wide range of researchers.