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Papers covering topics including information science, Lie algebras, group theory, matrix theory, and number theory.

Combining three books into a single volume, this text comprises Multicolor Problems, dealing with several of the classical map-coloring problems; Problems in the Theory of Numbers, an elementary introduction to algebraic number theory; and Random Walks, addressing basic problems in probability theory.The book's primary aim is not so much to impart new information as to teach an active, creative attitude toward mathematics. The sole prerequisites are high-school algebra and (for Multicolor Problems) a familiarity with the methods of mathematical induction. The book is designed for the reader's active participation. The problems are carefully integrated into the text and should be solved in order. Although they are basic, they are by no means elementary. Some sequences of problems are geared toward the mastery of a new method, rather than a definitive result, and others are practice exercises, designed to introduce new concepts. Complete solutions appear at the end.

This volume and Kvant Selecta: Algebra and Analysis, II (MAWRLD/15) are the first volumes of articles published from 1970 to 1990 in the Russian journal, Kvant. The influence of this magazine on mathematics and physics education in Russia is unmatched. This collection represents the Russian tradition of expository mathematical writing at its best. Articles selected for these two volumes are written by leading Russian mathematicians and expositors. Some articles contain classical mathematical gems still used in university curricula today. Others feature cutting-edge research from the twentieth century. The articles in these books are written so as to present genuine mathematics in a conceptual, entertaining, and accessible way. The volumes are designed to be used by students and teachers who love mathematics and want to study its various aspects, thus deepening and expanding the school curriculum. The first volume is mainly devoted to various topics in number theory, whereas the second volume treats diverse aspects of analysis and algebra.

A polynomial identity for an algebra (or a ring) $A$ is a polynomial in noncommutative variables that vanishes under any evaluation in $A$. An algebra satisfying a nontrivial polynomial identity is called a PI algebra, and this is the main object of study in this book, which can be used by graduate students and researchers alike. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 contains foundational material on representation theory and noncommutative algebra. In addition to setting the stage for the rest of the book, this part can be used for an introductory course in noncommutative algebra. An expert reader may use Part 1 as reference and start with the main topics in the remaining parts. Part 2 discusses the combinatorial aspects of the theory, the growth theorem, and Shirshov's bases. Here methods of representation theory of the symmetric group play a major role. Part 3 contains the main body of structure theorems for PI algebras, theorems of Kaplansky and Posner, the theory of central polynomials, M. Artin's theorem on Azumaya algebras, and the geometric part on the variety of semisimple representations, including the foundations of the theory of Cayley–Hamilton algebras. Part 4 is devoted first to the proof of the theorem of Razmyslov, Kemer, and Braun on the nilpotency of the nil radical for finitely generated PI algebras over Noetherian rings, then to the theory of Kemer and the Specht problem. Finally, the authors discuss PI exponent and codimension growth. This part uses some nontrivial analytic tools coming from probability theory. The appendix presents the counterexamples of Golod and Shafarevich to the Burnside problem.

This monograph studies the interplay between various algebraic, geometric and combinatorial aspects of real hyperplane arrangements. It provides a careful, organized and unified treatment of several recent developments in the field, and brings forth many new ideas and results. It has two parts, each divided into eight chapters, and five appendices with background material. Part I gives a detailed discussion on faces, flats, chambers, cones, gallery intervals, lunes and other geometric notions associated with arrangements. The Tits monoid plays a central role. Another important object is the category of lunes which generalizes the classical associative operad. Also discussed are the descent and lune identities, distance functions on chambers, and the combinatorics of the braid arrangement and related examples. Part II studies the structure and representation theory of the Tits algebra of an arrangement. It gives a detailed analysis of idempotents and Peirce decompositions, and connects them to the classical theory of Eulerian idempotents. It introduces the space of Lie elements of an arrangement which generalizes the classical Lie operad. This space is the last nonzero power of the radical of the Tits algebra. It is also the socle of the left ideal of chambers and of the right ideal of Zie elements. Zie elements generalize the classical Lie idempotents. They include Dynkin elements associated to generic half-spaces which generalize the classical Dynkin idempotent. Another important object is the lune-incidence algebra which marks the beginning of noncommutative Möbius theory. These ideas are also brought upon the study of the Solomon descent algebra. The monograph is written with clarity and in sufficient detail to make it accessible to graduate students. It can also serve as a useful reference to experts.

Now in its third decade, the Colorado Mathematical Olympiad (CMO), founded by the author, has become an annual state-wide competition, hosting many hundreds of middle and high school contestants each year. This book presents a year-by-year history of the CMO from 2004–2013 with all the problems from the competitions and their solutions. Additionally, the book includes 10 further explorations, bridges from solved Olympiad problems to ‘real'mathematics, bringing young readers to the forefront of various fields of mathematics. This book contains more than just problems, solutions, and event statistics — it tells a compelling story involving the lives of those who have been part of the Olympiad, their reminiscences of the past and successes of the present.I am almost speechless facing the ingenuity and inventiveness demonstrated in the problems proposed in the third decade of these Olympics. However, equally impressive is the drive and persistence of the originator and living soul of them. It is hard for me to imagine the enthusiasm and commitment needed to work singlehandedly on such an endeavor over several decades.<—Branko Grünbaum, University of WashingtonAfter decades of hunting for Olympiad problems, and struggling to create Olympiad problems, he has become an extraordinary connoisseur and creator of Olympiad problems. The Olympiad problems were very good, from the beginning, but in the third decade the problems have become extraordinarily good. Every brace of 5 problems is a work of art. The harder individual problems range in quality from brilliant to work-of-genius… The same goes for the “Further Explorations” part of the book. Great mathematics and mathematical questions are immersed in a sauce of fascinating anecdote and reminiscence. If you could have only one book to enjoy while stranded on a desert island, this would be a good choice. Like Gauss, Alexander Soifer would not hesitate to inject Eureka! at the right moment. Like van der Waerden, he can transform a dispassionate exercise in logic into a compelling account of sudden insights and ultimate triumph.— Cecil Rousseau Chair, USA Mathematical Olympiad CommitteeA delightful feature of the book is that in the second part more related problems are discussed. Some of them are still unsolved.—Paul ErdősThe book is a gold mine of brilliant reasoning with special emphasis on the power and beauty of coloring proofs. Strongly recommended to both serious and recreational mathematicians on all levels of expertise. —Martin Gardner

Designed as a self-contained account of a number of key algorithmic problems and their solutions for linear algebraic groups, this book combines in one single text both an introduction to the basic theory of linear algebraic groups and a substantial collection of useful algorithms.Computation with Linear Algebraic Groups offers an invaluable guide to graduate students and researchers working in algebraic groups, computational algebraic geometry, and computational group theory, as well as those looking for a concise introduction to the theory of linear algebraic groups.

Robert Steinberg's Lectures on Chevalley Groups were delivered and written during the author's sabbatical visit to Yale University in the 1967–1968 academic year. The work presents the status of the theory of Chevalley groups as it was in the mid-1960s. Much of this material was instrumental in many areas of mathematics, in particular in the theory of algebraic groups and in the subsequent classification of finite groups. This posthumous edition incorporates additions and corrections prepared by the author during his retirement, including a new introductory chapter. A bibliography and editorial notes have also been added. This is a great unsurpassed introduction to the subject of Chevalley groups that influenced generations of mathematicians. I would recommend it to anybody whose interests include group theory. —Efim Zelmanov, University of California, San Diego Robert Steinberg's lectures on Chevalley groups were given at Yale University in 1967. The notes for the lectures contain a wonderful exposition of the work of Chevalley, as well as important additions to that work due to Steinberg himself. The theory of Chevalley groups is of central importance not only for group theory, but also for number theory and theoretical physics, and is as relevant today as it was in 1967. The publication of these lecture notes in book form is a very welcome addition to the literature. —George Lusztig, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Robert Steinberg gave a course at Yale University in 1967 and the mimeographed notes of that course have been read by essentially anyone interested in Chevalley groups. In this course, Steinberg presents the basic constructions of the Chevalley groups over arbitrary fields. He also presents fundamental material about generators and relations for these groups and automorphism groups. Twisted variations on the Chevalley groups are also introduced. There are several chapters on the representation theory of the Chevalley groups (over an arbitrary field) and for many of the finite twisted groups. Even 50 years later, this book is still one of the best introductions to the theory of Chevalley groups and should be read by anyone interested in the field. —Robert Guralnick, University of Southern California A Russian translation of this lecture course by Robert Steinberg was published in Russia more than 40 years ago, but for some mysterious reason has never been published in the original language. This book is very dear to me. It is not only an important advance in the theory of algebraic groups, but it has also played a key role in more recent developments of the theory of Kac-Moody groups. The very different approaches, one by Tits and another by Peterson and myself, borrowed heavily from this remarkable book. —Victor Kac, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

These proceedings are from the Tenth International Conference on Representations of Algebras and Related Topics (ICRA X) held at The Fields Institute. In addition to the traditional “instructional” workshop preceding the conference, there were also workshops on “Commutative Algebra, Algebraic Geometry and Representation Theory”, “Finite Dimensional Algebras, Algebraic Groups and Lie Theory”, and “Quantum Groups and Hall Algebras”. These workshops reflect the latest developments and the increasing interest in areas that are closely related to the representation theory of finite dimensional associative algebras. Although these workshops were organized separately, their topics are strongly interrelated. The book is recommended for graduate students and researchers in algebra and geometry.

This volume contains the proceedings of the International Research Conference “Probability on Algebraic and Geometric Structures”, held from June 5–7, 2014, at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, celebrating the careers of Philip Feinsilver, Salah-Eldin A. Mohammed, and Arunava Mukherjea. These proceedings include survey papers and new research on a variety of topics such as probability measures and the behavior of stochastic processes on groups, semigroups, and Clifford algebras; algebraic methods for analyzing Markov chains and products of random matrices; stochastic integrals and stochastic ordinary, partial, and functional differential equations.

This book is a collection of selected papers written by students and active participants of the A. A. Kirillov seminar on representation theory held at Moscow University. The papers deal with various aspects of representation theory for Lie algebras and Lie groups, and its relationship to algebraic combinatorics, the theory of quantum groups and geometry. This volume reflects current research interests of the leading representatives of the Russian school of representation theory. Readers will find both a variety of new results (for such quickly developing fields as infinite dimensional algebras and quantum groups) and a new look at classical aspects of the theory. Among the contributions, S. Kerov's paper—the first survey of various topics in representation theory of the infinite symmetric groups, classical orthogonal polynomials, Markov's moment problem, random measures, and operator theory, unified around the concept of interlacing measures—describes the unexpected relationships between distant domains of mathematics, and an expository paper by Y. Neretin presents a new geometric approach to boundaries and compactifications of reductive groups and symmetric spaces.

This book contains papers presented at the Third Siberian School: Algebra and Analysis, held in Irkutsk in the summer of 1989. Drawing 130 participants from all over the former Soviet Union, the school sought to acquaint Siberian and other mathematicians with the latest achievements in a wide variety of mathematical areas and to give young researchers an opportunity to present their work. The papers presented here range over topics in algebra, analysis, geometry, and topology.

This volume, devoted to the 70th birthday of A. L. Onishchik, contains a collection of articles by participants in the Moscow Seminar on Lie Groups and Invariant Theory headed by E. B. Vinberg and A. L. Onishchik. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in Lie groups and related topics.

In celebration of E. B. Dynkin's 70th birthday, this book presents current papers by those who participated in Dynkin's seminar on Lie groups and Lie algebras in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Dynkin had a major influence not only on mathematics, but also on the students who attended his seminar—many of whom are today's leading mathematicians in Russia and in the U. S. Dynkin's contributions to the theory of Lie groups is well known, and the survey paper by Karpelevich, Onishchik, and Vinberg allows readers to gain a deeper understanding of this work. Features several aspects of modern developments in Lie groups and Lie algebras, including … theory of invariants superalgebras arithmetic applications connections with mathematical physics Providing insight on the extraordinary mathematical traditions that grew out of this important seminar, Lie Groups and Lie Algebras is a fitting celebration of Dynkin's achievements.

This is a true masterpiece that will prove to be indispensable to the serious researcher for many years to come. —Enrico Bombieri, Institute for Advanced Study This is a truly comprehensive account of sieves and their applications, by two of the world's greatest authorities. Beginners will find a thorough introduction to the subject, with plenty of helpful motivation. The more practised reader will appreciate the authors'insights into some of the more mysterious parts of the theory, as well as the wealth of new examples. —Roger Heath-Brown, University of Oxford, Fellow of Royal Society This is a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of sieve methods. The theory of the sieve is developed thoroughly with complete and accessible proofs of the basic theorems. Included is a wide range of applications, both to traditional questions such as those concerning primes, and to areas previously unexplored by sieve methods, such as elliptic curves, points on cubic surfaces and quantum ergodicity. New proofs are given also of some of the central theorems of analytic number theory; these proofs emphasize and take advantage of the applicability of sieve ideas. The book contains numerous comments which provide the reader with insight into the workings of the subject, both as to what the sieve can do and what it cannot do. The authors reveal recent developements by which the parity barrier can be breached, exposing golden nuggets of the subject, previously inaccessible. The variety in the topics covered and in the levels of difficulty encountered makes this a work of value to novices and experts alike, both as an educational tool and a basic reference.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Workshop on Lie Algebras, in honor of Helmut Strade's 70th Birthday, held from May 22–24, 2013, at the Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy. Lie algebras are at the core of several areas of mathematics, such as, Lie groups, algebraic groups, quantum groups, representation theory, homogeneous spaces, integrable systems, and algebraic topology. The first part of this volume combines research papers with survey papers by the invited speakers. The second part consists of several collections of problems on modular Lie algebras, their representations, and the conjugacy of their nilpotent elements as well as the Koszulity of (restricted) Lie algebras and Lie properties of group algebras or restricted universal enveloping algebras.

Henri Poincaré (1854–1912) was one of the greatest scientists of his time, perhaps the last one to have mastered and expanded almost all areas in mathematics and theoretical physics. He created new mathematical branches, such as algebraic topology, dynamical systems, and automorphic functions, and he opened the way to complex analysis with several variables and to the modern approach to asymptotic expansions. He revolutionized celestial mechanics, discovering deterministic chaos. In physics, he is one of the fathers of special relativity, and his work in the philosophy of sciences is illuminating. For this book, about twenty world experts were asked to present one part of Poincaré's extraordinary work. Each chapter treats one theme, presenting Poincaré's approach, and achievements, along with examples of recent applications and some current prospects. Their contributions emphasize the power and modernity of the work of Poincaré, an inexhaustible source of inspiration for researchers, as illustrated by the Fields Medal awarded in 2006 to Grigori Perelman for his proof of the Poincaré conjecture stated a century before. This book can be read by anyone with a master's (even a bachelor's) degree in mathematics, or physics, or more generally by anyone who likes mathematical and physical ideas. Rather than presenting detailed proofs, the main ideas are explained, and a bibliography is provided for those who wish to understand the technical details.

The theory of motives began in the early 1960s when Grothendieck envisioned the existence of a “universal cohomology theory of algebraic varieties”. The theory of noncommutative motives is more recent. It began in the 1980s when the Moscow school (Beilinson, Bondal, Kapranov, Manin, and others) began the study of algebraic varieties via their derived categories of coherent sheaves, and continued in the 2000s when Kontsevich conjectured the existence of a “universal invariant of noncommutative algebraic varieties”. This book, prefaced by Yuri I. Manin, gives a rigorous overview of some of the main advances in the theory of noncommutative motives. It is divided into three main parts. The first part, which is of independent interest, is devoted to the study of DG categories from a homotopical viewpoint. The second part, written with an emphasis on examples and applications, covers the theory of noncommutative pure motives, noncommutative standard conjectures, noncommutative motivic Galois groups, and also the relations between these notions and their commutative counterparts. The last part is devoted to the theory of noncommutative mixed motives. The rigorous formalization of this latter theory requires the language of Grothendieck derivators, which, for the reader's convenience, is revised in a brief appendix.

This volume is concerned with algebraic invariants, such as the Stiefel-Whitney classes of quadratic forms (with values in Galois cohomology mod 2) and the trace form of étale algebras (with values in the Witt ring). The invariants are analogues for Galois cohomology of the characteristic classes of topology. Historically, one of the first examples of cohomological invariants of the type considered here was the Hasse-Witt invariant of quadratic forms. The first part classifies such invariants in several cases. A principal tool is the notion of versal torsor, which is an analogue of the universal bundle in topology. The second part gives Rost's determination of the invariants of $G$-torsors with values in $H^3(\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(2))$, when $G$ is a semisimple, simply connected, linear group. This part gives detailed proofs of the existence and basic properties of the Rost invariant. This is the first time that most of this material appears in print.

Designed to acquaint students of particle physiME already familiar with SU(2) and SU(3) with techniques applicable to all simple Lie algebras, this text is especially suited to the study of grand unification theories. Author Robert N. Cahn, who is affiliated with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, has provided a new preface for this edition. Subjects include the killing form, the structure of simple Lie algebras and their representations, simple roots and the Cartan matrix, the classical Lie algebras, and the exceptional Lie algebras. Additional topiME include Casimir operators and Freudenthal's formula, the Weyl group, Weyl's dimension formula, reducing product representations, subalgebras, and branching rules. 1984 edition.

The major change between the second and third edition is the separation of linear and multilinear algebra into two different volumes as well as the incorporation of a great deal of new material. However, the essential character of the book remains the same; in other words, the entire presentation continues to be based on an axiomatic treatment of vector spaces. In this first volume the restriction to finite dimensional vector spaces has been eliminated except for those results which do not hold in the infinite dimensional case. The restriction of the coefficient field to the real and complex numbers has also been removed and except for chapters VII to XI, § 5 of chapter I and § 8, chapter IV we allow any coefficient field of characteristic zero. In fact, many of the theorems are valid for modules over a commutative ring. Finally, a large number of problems of different degree of difficulty has been added. Chapter I deals with the general properties of a vector space. The topology of a real vector space of finite dimension is axiomatically characterized in an additional paragraph.

This volume contains three articles:'Asymptotic methods in the theory of ordinary differential equations'b'y V. F. Butuzov, A. B. Vasil'eva, and M. V. Fedoryuk,'The theory of best ap­ proximation in Dormed linear spaces'by A. L. Garkavi, and'Dy­ namical systems with invariant measure'by A.'VI. Vershik and S. A. Yuzvinskii. The first article surveys the literature on linear and non­ linear singular asymptotic problems, in particular, differential equations with a small parameter. The period covered by the survey is primarily 1962-1967. The second article is devoted to the problem of existence, characterization, and uniqueness of best approximations in Banach spaces. One of the chapters also deals with the problem of the convergence of positive operators, inasmuch as the ideas and methods of this theory are close to those of the theory of best ap­ proximation. The survey covers the literature of the decade 1958-1967. The third article is devoted to a comparatively new and rapid­ ly growing branch of mathematics which is closely related to many classical and modern mathematical disciplines. A survey is given of results in entropy theory, classical dynamic systems, ergodic theorems, etc. The results surveyed were primarily published during the period 1956-1967.

These lecture notes are intended as an introduction to p-adic analysis on the elementary level. For this reason they presuppose as little background as possi­ ble. Besides about three semesters of calculus, I presume some slight exposure to more abstract mathematics, to the extent that the student won't have an adverse reaction to matrices with entries in a field other than the real numbers, field extensions of the rational numbers, or the notion of a continuous map of topolog­ ical spaces. The purpose of this book is twofold: to develop some basic ideas of p-adic analysis, and to present two striking applications which, it is hoped, can be as effective pedagogically as they were historically in stimulating interest in the field. The first of these applications is presented in Chapter II, since it only requires the most elementary properties of Q ; this is Mazur's construction by p means of p-adic integration of the Kubota-Leopoldtp-adic zeta-function, which'p-adically interpolates'the values of the Riemann zeta-function at the negative odd integers. My treatment is based on Mazur's Bourbaki notes (unpublished).

This book is built around the material on multilinear algebra which in chapters VI to IX of the second edition of Linear Algebra was included but exc1uded from the third edition. It is designed to be a sequel and companion volume to the third edition of Linear Algebra. In fact, the terminology and basic results of that book are frequently used without reference. In particular, the reader should be familiar with chapters I to V and the first part of chapter VI although other sections are occasionally used. The essential difference between the present treatment and that of the second edition lies in the full exploitation of universal properties which eliminates the restrietion to vector spaces of finite dimension. Chapter I contains standard material on multilinear mappings and the tensor product of vector spaces. These results are extended in Chapter 11 to vector spaces with additional structure, such as algebras and differ­ ential spaces. The fundamental concept of'tensor product'is used in Chapter 111 to construct the tensor algebra over a given vector space. In the next chapter the link is provided between tensor algebra on the one hand and exterior and symmetrie tensor algebra on the other. Chapter V contains material on exterior algebra which is developed in considerable depth. Exterior algebra techniques are used in the followmg chapter as a powerful tool to obtain matrix-free proofs of many classical theorems on linear transformation.

'... Nothing less than a major contribution to the scientific culture of this world.'— The New York Times Book ReviewThis major survey of mathematics, featuring the work of 18 outstanding Russian mathematicians and including material on both elementary and advanced levels, encompasses 20 prime subject areas in mathematics in terms of their simple origins and their subsequent sophisticated developement. As Professor Morris Kline of New York University noted,'This unique work presents the amazing panorama of mathematics proper. It is the best answer in print to what mathematics contains both on the elementary and advanced levels.'Beginning with an overview and analysis of mathematics, the first of three major divisions of the book progresses to an exploration of analytic geometry, algebra, and ordinary differential equations. The second part introduces partial differential equations, along with theories of curves and surfaces, the calculus of variations, and functions of a complex variable. It furthur examines prime numbers, the theory of probability, approximations, and the role of computers in mathematics. The theory of functions of a real variable opens the final section, followed by discussions of linear algebra and nonEuclidian geometry, topology, functional analysis, and groups and other algebraic systems.Thorough, coherent explanations of each topic are further augumented by numerous illustrative figures, and every chapter concludes with a suggested reading list. Formerly issued as a three-volume set, this mathematical masterpiece is now available in a convenient and modestly priced one-volume edition, perfect for study or reference.'This is a masterful English translation of a stupendous and formidable mathematical masterpiece...'— Social Science

This volume, dedicated to Bertram Kostant on the occasion of his 65th birthday, is a collection of 22 invited papers by leading mathematicians working in Lie theory, geometry, algebra, and mathematical physics. Kostant's fundamental work in all these areas has provided deep new insights and connections, and has created new fields of research. The papers gathered here present original research articles as well as expository papers, broadly reflecting the range of Kostant's work.

Over the past two decades, the once small local Colorado Springs Mathematics Olympiad, founded by the author himself, has now become an annual state-wide competition, hosting over one-thousand high school contenders each year. This updated printing of the first edition of Colorado Mathematical Olympiad: the First Twenty Years and Further Explorations offers an interesting history of the competition as well as an outline of all the problems and solutions that have been a part of the contest over the years. Many of the essay problems were inspired by Russian mathematical folklore and written to suit the young audience; for example, the 1989 Sugar problem was written as a pleasant Lewis Carroll-like story. Some other entertaining problems involve old Victorian map colorings, King Arthur and the knights of the round table, rooks in space, Santa Claus and his elves painting planes, football for 23, and even the Colorado Springs subway system.The book is more than just problems, their solutions, and event statistics; it tells a compelling story involving the lives of those who have been part of the Olympiad from every perspective.

The 1984 classification of the finite-dimensional restricted simple Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>7$ provided the impetus for a Special Year of Lie Algebras, held at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, during 1987-88. Work done during the Special Year and afterward put researchers much closer toward a solution of the long-standing problem of determining the finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>7$. This volume contains the proceedings of a conference on Lie algebras and related topics, held in May 1988 to mark the end of the Special Year. The conference featured lectures on Lie algebras of prime characteristic, algebraic groups, combinatorics and representation theory, and Kac-Moody and Virasoro algebras. Many facets of recent research on Lie theory are reflected in the papers presented here, testifying to the richness and diversity of this topic.

Markov processes represent a universal model for a large variety of real life random evolutions. The wide flow of new ideas, tools, methods and applications constantly pours into the ever-growing stream of research on Markov processes that rapidly spreads over new fields of natural and social sciences, creating new streamlined logical paths to its turbulent boundary. Even if a given process is not Markov, it can be often inserted into a larger Markov one (Markovianization procedure) by including the key historic parameters into the state space. This monograph gives a concise, but systematic and self-contained, exposition of the essentials of Markov processes, together with recent achievements, working from the'physical picture'- a formal pre-generator, and stressing the interplay between probabilistic (stochastic differential equations) and analytic (semigroups) tools. The book will be useful to students and researchers. Part I can be used for a one-semester course on Brownian motion, Lévy and Markov processes, or on probabilistic methods for PDE. Part II mainly contains the author's research on Markov processes. From the contents: Tools from Probability and Analysis Brownian motion Markov processes and martingales SDE, ψDE and martingale problems Processes in Euclidean spaces Processes in domains with a boundary Heat kernels for stable-like processes Continuous-time random walks and fractional dynamics Complex chains and Feynman integral

For more than five decades Bertram Kostant has been one of the major architects of modern Lie theory. Virtually all his papers are pioneering with deep consequences, many giving rise to whole new fields of activities. His interests span a tremendous range of Lie theory, from differential geometry to representation theory, abstract algebra, and mathematical physics. Some specific topics cover algebraic groups and invariant theory, the geometry of homogeneous spaces, representation theory, geometric quantization and symplectic geometry, Lie algebra cohomology, Hamiltonian mechanics, modular forms, Whittaker theory, Toda lattice, and much more. It is striking to note that Lie theory (and symmetry in general) now occupies an ever increasing larger role in mathematics than it did in the fifties. This is the first volume (1955-1966) of a five-volume set of Bertram Kostant's collected papers. A distinguished feature of this first volume is Kostant's commentaries and summaries of his papers in his own words.

Thisbookisintendedasanintroductiontoallthe?nitesimplegroups.During themonumentalstruggletoclassifythe?nitesimplegroups(andindeedsince), a huge amount of information about these groups has been accumulated. Conveyingthisinformationtothenextgenerationofstudentsandresearchers, not to mention those who might wish to apply this knowledge, has become a major challenge. With the publication of the two volumes by Aschbacher and Smith [12, 13] in 2004 we can reasonably regard the proof of the Classi?cation Theorem for Finite Simple Groups (usually abbreviated CFSG) as complete. Thus it is timely to attempt an overview of all the (non-abelian)?nite simple groups in one volume. For expository purposes it is convenient to divide them into four basic types, namely the alternating, classical, exceptional and sporadic groups. The study of alternating groups soon develops into the theory of per- tation groups, which is well served by the classic text of Wielandt [170]and more modern treatments such as the comprehensive introduction by Dixon and Mortimer [53] and more specialised texts such as that of Cameron [19].

The mathematical theory of control became a?eld of study half a century ago in attempts to clarify and organize some challenging practical problems and the methods used to solve them. It is known for the breadth of the mathematics it uses and its cross-disciplinary vigor. Its literature, which can befoundinSection93ofMathematicalReviews,wasatonetimedominatedby the theory of linear control systems, which mathematically are described by linear di?erential equations forced by additive control inputs. That theory led to well-regarded numerical and symbolic computational packages for control analysis and design. Nonlinear control problems are also important; in these either the - derlying dynamical system is nonlinear or the controls are applied in a n- additiveway.Thelastfourdecadeshaveseenthedevelopmentoftheoretical work on nonlinear control problems based on di?erential manifold theory, nonlinear analysis, and several other mathematical disciplines. Many of the problems that had been solved in linear control theory, plus others that are new and distinctly nonlinear, have been addressed; some resulting general de?nitions and theorems are adapted in this book to the bilinear case.

With contributions derived from presentations at an international conference, Non-Associative Algebra and Its Applications explores a wide range of topics focusing on Lie algebras, nonassociative rings and algebras, quasigroups, loops, and related systems as well as applications of nonassociative algebra to geometry, physics, and natural sciences.

Lie group theory plays an increasingly important role in modern physical theories. Many of its calculations remain fundamentally unchanged from one field of physics to another, altering only in terms of symbols and the language. Using the theory of Lie groups as a unifying vehicle, concepts and results from several fields of physics can be expressed in an extremely economical way. With rigor and clarity, this text introduces upper-level undergraduate students to Lie group theory and its physical applications.An opening discussion of introductory concepts leads to explorations of the classical groups, continuous groups and Lie groups, and Lie groups and Lie algebras. Some simple but illuminating examples are followed by examinations of classical algebras, Lie algebras and root spaces, root spaces and Dynkin diagrams, real forms, and contractions and expansions. Reinforced by numerous exercises, solved problems, and figures, the text concludes with a bibliography and indexes.

Chiral algebras form the primary algebraic structure of modern conformal field theory. Each chiral algebra lives on an algebraic curve, and in the special case where this curve is the affine line, chiral algebras invariant under translations are the same as well-known and widely used vertex algebras. The exposition of this book covers the following topics: the “classical” counterpart of the theory, which is an algebraic theory of non-linear differential equations and their symmetries; the local aspects of the theory of chiral algebras, including the study of some basic examples, such as the chiral algebras of differential operators; the formalism of chiral homology treating “the space of conformal blocks” of the conformal field theory, which is a “quantum” counterpart of the space of the global solutions of a differential equation. The book will be of interest to researchers working in algebraic geometry and its applications to mathematical physics and representation theory.

Acyclic models is a method heavily used to analyze and compare various homology and cohomology theories appearing in topology and algebra. This book is the first attempt to put together in a concise form this important technique and to include all the necessary background. It presents a brief introduction to category theory and homological algebra. The author then gives the background of the theory of differential modules and chain complexes over an abelian category to state the main acyclic models theorem, generalizing and systemizing the earlier material. This is then applied to various cohomology theories in algebra and topology. The volume could be used as a text for a course that combines homological algebra and algebraic topology. Required background includes a standard course in abstract algebra and some knowledge of topology. The volume contains many exercises. It is also suitable as a reference work for researchers.

Provides comprehensive coverage of the most recent developments in the theory of non-Archimedean pseudo-differential equations and its application to stochastics and mathematical physics--offering current methods of construction for stochastic processes in the field of p-adic numbers and related structures. Develops a new theory for parabolic equat

In this book, many ideas by Felix Hausdorff are described and contemporary mathematical theories stemming from them are sketched.

Neal Koblitz was a student of Nicholas M. Katz, under whom he received his Ph.D. in mathematics at Princeton in 1974. He spent the year 1974 -75 and the spring semester 1978 in Moscow, where he did research in p -adic analysis and also translated Yu. I. Manin's'Course in Mathematical Logic'(GTM 53). He taught at Harvard from 1975 to 1979, and since 1979 has been at the University of Washington in Seattle. He has published papers in number theory, algebraic geometry, and p-adic analysis, and he is the author of'p-adic Analysis: A Short Course on Recent Work'(Cambridge University Press and GTM 97:'Introduction to Elliptic Curves and Modular Forms (Springer-Verlag).

This book develops methods which explore some new interconnections and interrelations between Analysis and Topology and their applications. Emphasis is given to several recent results which have been obtained mainly during the last years and which cannot be found in other books in Nonlinear Analysis. Interest in this subject area has rapidly increased over the last decade, yet the presentation of research has been confined mainly to journal articles.