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For the first time, novelist Iris Murdoch's life in her own words, from girlhood to her last yearsIris Murdoch was an acclaimed novelist and groundbreaking philosopher whose life reflected her unconventional beliefs and values. But what has been missing from biographical accounts has been Murdoch's own voice—her life in her own words. Living on Paper—the first major collection of Murdoch's most compelling and interesting personal letters—gives, for the first time, a rounded self-portrait of one of the twentieth century's greatest writers and thinkers. With more than 760 letters, fewer than forty of which have been published before, the book provides a unique chronicle of Murdoch's life from her days as a schoolgirl to her last years. The result is the most important book about Murdoch in more than a decade.The letters show a great mind at work—struggling with philosophical problems, trying to bring a difficult novel together, exploring spirituality, and responding pointedly to world events. They also reveal her personal life, the subject of much speculation, in all its complexity, especially in letters to lovers or close friends, such as the writers Brigid Brophy, Elias Canetti, and Raymond Queneau, philosophers Michael Oakeshott and Philippa Foot, and mathematician Georg Kreisel. We witness Murdoch's emotional hunger, her tendency to live on the edge of what was socially acceptable, and her irreverence and sharp sense of humor. We also learn how her private life fed into the plots and characters of her novels, despite her claims that they were not drawn from reality.Direct and intimate, these letters bring us closer than ever before to Iris Murdoch as a person, making for an extraordinary reading experience.

This book contains the complete novels of Charles Dickens in the chronological order of their original publication. - The Pickwick Papers - Oliver Twist - Nicholas Nickleby - The Old Curiosity Shop - Barnaby Rudge - Martin Chuzzlewit - Dombey and Son - David Copperfield - Bleak House - Hard Times - Little Dorrit - A Tale of Two Cities - Great Expectations - Our Mutual Friend - The Mystery of Edwin Drood

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

The mass production and dissemination of printed materials were unparalleled in England during the 1640s and 50s. While theatrical performance traditionally defined literary culture, print steadily gained ground, becoming more prevalent and enabling the formation of various networks of writers, readers, and consumers of books.In conjunction with an evolving print culture, seventeenth-century England experienced a rise of political instability and religious dissent, the closing of the theatres, and the emergence of a middle class. Elizabeth Sauer examines how this played out in the nation's book and print industry with an emphasis on performative writings, their materiality, reception, and their extra-judicial function. ‘Paper-contestations'and Textual Communities in England challenges traditional readings of literary history, offers new insights into drama and its transgression of boundaries, and proposes a fresh approach to the politics of consensus and contestation that animated seventeenth-century culture and that distinguishes current scholarly debates about this period.

First published in 1994, these two volumes are intended as a supplement to the four-volume edition edited by Gordon N. Ray in 1945-46. In writing to his broad range of correspondents, Thackeray produced a varied body of letters that will help readers to better understand his nineteenth-century society as well as his professional and private life — especially his relationships with women. These volumes contain 1713 letters: 1464 to and from Thackeray that were not included in the earlier volumes, and 249 with texts that have been edited from newly available manuscripts, and that thereby replace texts that were printed in Ray from incomplete sources.

First published in 1994, these two volumes are intended as a supplement to the four-volume edition edited by Gordon N. Ray in 1945-46. In writing to his broad range of correspondents, Thackeray produced a varied body of letters that will help readers to better understand his nineteenth-century society as well as his professional and private life — especially his relationships with women. These volumes contain 1713 letters: 1464 to and from Thackeray that were not included in the earlier volumes, and 249 with texts that have been edited from newly available manuscripts, and that thereby replace texts that were printed in Ray from incomplete sources.

Originally entitled Life at Twenty-Five, Stevenson's first collection of essays conducts conversations with the reader about the most satisfying ways to rebel against Victorian respectability in the areas of love, marriage, money and leisure.

Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Hamburg (Institute of English and American Studies), language: English, abstract: Code-switching, a longstanding linguistic phenomenon, has traditionally been studied in spontaneous speech. However, a growing interest in recent years has shifted towards analyzing song lyrics, particularly in the context of globalization and the prevalence of English as a global language. This paper delves into the current state of English code-switching in German rap songs, exploring how and why German rappers incorporate English into their lyrics. Through an empirical analysis of mainstream rap songs, the study examines the semantics of English code-switches, aiming to uncover the semantic fields they occupy and understand their functional aspects. The paper provides a brief definition of code-switching, reviews existing research on its role in music, with a focus on rap, and discusses the evolving landscape of German rap. The research methodology and data presentation are detailed, followed by a summary of results and a discussion of notable findings. The paper concludes with a brief summary and suggestions for future research.

Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Hamburg, course: Linguistic Manifestations: Code-switching, language: English, abstract: Code-switching, a pervasive linguistic phenomenon, has been extensively studied across various linguistic approaches. While traditionally examined in speech acts, recent scholarly interest has shifted towards analyzing code-switching in song lyrics, offering unique insights, especially in the globalized realm of music. This paper delves into the underexplored territory of Russian-English code-switching in Russian rap, a genre gaining popularity worldwide. Examining the sociolinguistic motivations and social functions behind the use of English in Russian rap, the study navigates through theoretical foundations of code-switching, prior research in musical contexts, and the evolving landscape of Russian rap within contemporary society. The analysis of data illuminates the patterns and purposes of code-switching in this genre. The paper concludes with a brief summary and outlines potential avenues for future research.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2024 im Fachbereich Anglistik - Linguistik, Note: 1,3, Universität Bielefeld, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Killer Mike, an acclaimed rapper and activist offers a powerful critique of the War on Drugs in his song'Reagan'. He sheds light on its failures and impact on marginalized communities. Examining the lyrics and underlying messages of this song, this paper aims to argue that the War on Drugs has ultimately proven to be a flawed strategy. The plan perpetuates systemic injustices rather than effectively addressing drug-related issues. Killer Mike's'Reagan'serves as a review that evaluates the War on Drugs and its consequences. The song provides a scathing indictment of the policies pursued during the Reagan administration, particularly highlighting their detrimental effects on African-American communities. By analyzing the lyrics and underlying themes, we can gain insight into the flawed nature of the War on Drugs and the societal implications it has engendered. This paper will explore the central themes presented in'Reagan'and contextualize them within the broader framework of the War on Drugs. It will examine the disproportionate impact of drug laws on marginalized communities. Additionally, this document will show the perpetuation of systemic injustices and the failure to address the root causes of drug abuse effectively. Moreover, this analysis will discuss the missed opportunities for implementing alternative approaches such as harm reduction strategies and treatment programs. Since its inception in the 1970s, the War on Drugs has been a controversial policy initiative aimed at combating drug abuse and its associated social ills. However, as the decades passed, doubts about this approach's effectiveness and unintended consequences began. The declaration of the War on Drugs led to a series of legislative actions and executive orders that sought to target the production and consumption of controlled substances aggressively. Spearheaded by President Richard Nixon and subsequently supported by his successors the strategy left marks in American society. The campaign has become synonymous with zero-tolerance laws and an unprecedented expansion of the criminal justice system. The phrase'War on Drugs'has since evolved into a metaphor for the ongoing struggle between government authorities and the various facets of the drug trade-a battle that has raised numerous questions about effectiveness and social justice.

Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, Ruhr-University of Bochum (Englisches Seminar), course: Differences between Spoken and Written English, language: English, abstract: This paper delves into the intricate relationship between written and spoken language features within the context of contemporary music, specifically examining rap and pop song lyrics. Drawing inspiration from linguistic theories proposed by Peter Koch, Wulf Oesterreicher, and Douglas Biber, the study evaluates the extent to which lyrics in rap songs exhibit characteristics associated with spoken language, in contrast to the more traditionally written nature of pop songs. By analyzing three rap and three pop songs, the paper explores the nuances of linguistic expression, shedding light on the distinctiveness between the two genres. The research method, results, and a comparative discussion provide valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of language in the realm of music, culminating in a brief conclusion that encapsulates the findings and implications of the study.

Meanjin Winter 2023 marks a new direction for the journal. It's the first edition to reframe The Meanjin Paper as a piece by a First Nations Elder that greets us the moment we sit down to read. It's the first to introduce new sections that assess the state of the nation, welcome experiments, and cast a long gaze across one particular field. And it's the first by new designer Stephen Banham, the internationally renowned typographer who has dedicated his career to creating a distinctly Australian graphic design language. Featuring the finest new poetry, fiction, essays, memoir and more — including poetry by Kirli Saunders, Ella Ferris Simeon Kronenberg; fiction by Mohammed Massoud Morsi, Lisa Nan Joo, Belinda Paxton and Dan Hogan; essays by Marcia Langton, Tom McIlroy, Catherine Ryan, Lur Alghurabi and Craig Foster; experiments by Cynthia Troup, Justin Clemens & Jason Barker, and Alex Selenitsch; a compelling interview with Maxine Beneba Clark, marking the return of this regular feature; and more. Opening with the Meanjin Paper by Gaja Kerry Charlton, this is a must-have edition as Editor Esther Anatolitis continues to reinterpret Founding Editor Clem Christesen's commitment'to make clear the connection between literature and politics'.

Presents the first comprehensive examination of daily and weekly newspapers in Scotland in the century after 1850 Considers the city-based daily papers and the many local weeklies, which were the most extensively read papers throughout most of the period, containing international and national commentary as well as local reports Captures the tone of the papers by focusing on such issues as the American Civil War, parliamentary reform, changing attitudes to politics, empire and social change Considers issues that were regarded as being distinctively Scottish such as attitudes towards education, democracy and religion and how far Scottish newspapers contributed or undermined to the idea of a distinct Scottish identity Examines growth of group ownership of Scottish papers in the 20th century and the reduced role of the local weekly press in shaping opinion and the extent of how far, by the 1940s, papers had changed from those in the 19th century Filling a significant gap in the history of the Scottish press and in Scottish social history, this book draws on a range of sources. It examines the great expansion of Scottish newspapers, following the removal of the ‘taxes on knowledge'through to the mid-20th century. W. Hamish Fraser provides the historical basis for meaningful, in-depth study of many different aspects of the Scottish press and adds a new dimension to Scottish historical studies. Through an extensive search of newspapers, the use of local history material and of the limited business and organisational records that are available, he gathers little-known information on the world of Scottish journalism and on the people who provided the mass of the population with their news and tried to shape their attitudes. By focusing on different regions, he moves away from earlier rather sweeping generalisations on a key part of the media in Scotland, and he assesses the extent of continuity and change in a crucial century.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 2, University of Graz (Anglistik), language: English, abstract: At first, it will be discussed which countries or regions are included in Kachru's (2006) classification of the three diasporas, with the second one being outlined in more detail due to including the country of focus of this paper, the United States. The first part of the paper will then focus on the historical spread and development of the English language in the United States. This analysis will begin with the first settlers arriving in 1607 illustrating the first steps of the language on the new continent. It will then further be argued how the first settlers began mixing their way of speaking from their respective country or region of origin and how the linguistic landscape was further changed once the first non-English speaking immigrant began arriving in the nation. Historical events will also be analyzed throughout the paper in order to reach a better understanding of how the English language has been influenced by not only the country's settlers, but also by major events taking place. These events will include the gain of further territory by war, against Spain and Mexico, by purchase, the Louisiana Purchase from France, and by expanding the borders of the nation in form of the Westward Expansion. This part will further feature a brief outline of the attempts to establish linguistic unity throughout the whole nation by trailblazers, such as Noah Webster and his dictionary. The second part of the paper will focus on today's linguistic landscape in the United States. An overview of multiple dialects will be provided by taking Crystal's (2003) classification of American dialect regions into account. These chosen dialects will be analyzed in terms of how they came to be throughout the city's or region's history and what their future might look like. Additionally, two ethnic varieties of American English will be outlined, in order to show that the development of the English language on the American continent is not only restricted to migratory movement, but also by numerous different cultural backgrounds and heritages connected to one's own identity. All of these dialects and varieties will be analyzed linguistically as well with some distinctive features being provided to illustrate their uniqueness.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,7, University of Cologne, language: English, abstract: This paper will revolve around Sigmund Freud's The Uncanny and the momentum of suspense it can cause. Furthermore, an interview of Alfred Hitchcock will be looked at in excerpts, where he discusses the momentum of suspense. Subsequently, the theory of The Uncanny will be applied to Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 movie Psycho and later to Darren Aronofsky's 2010 movie Black Swan. Psycho sets an example of the suspense and is inevitably connected to the name of Alfred Hitchcock. Why is Psycho the embodiment of suspense and the uncanny? Opposed to Hitchcock's masterpiece, the 2010 movie Black Swan will be looked at in terms of the uncanny. As this movie is considered to be “an uncanny representation of light and color”, it is supposed to form the counterpart to Hitchcock's Psycho in terms of uncanny elements and the idea of suspense. These seemingly very diverse genres (the titles themselves give off different expectations already) shall be examined regarding the use of uncanny elements. It will be analyzed how these elements are used and what the degree and frequency of the uncanny does to both the movie and the viewer. This paper aims to correlate the amount, the frequency and the intensity of uncanny elements with the suspense that is built throughout both of the movies. Does the amount of uncanny do any harm to the idea of suspense? Is this idea following the principle of “the more the better” or rather “less is more”? The current status of research on this very matter is very scarce. Aside from the interview of Truffaut with Alfred Hitchcock himself, there appears to be no hard evidence that this matter has been dealt with. Only Hitchcock goes into this topic and explains what he fathoms by suspense and how to build it (through uncanny elements).

Master's Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,3, University of Duisburg-Essen, language: English, abstract: This paper will be evaluating a unit of the textbook Greenline Oberstufe in order to determine whether transcultural and intercultural communicative competences are fostered by the textbook. To do so, this paper will first look at intercultural learning in general and how this concept takes shape in the Common European Framework of References for Languages and in the Curriculum of North Rhine Westphalia. The didactic principal of Byram's modified model of transcultural and intercultural communicative competences will then be elaborated. Based on this, criteria for the analysis will be determined. The analysis of the textbook unit will be divided into three parts, where first culturally relevant tasks will be identified and described. Secondly, the unit will be analysed according to the five components of the model of transcultural and intercultural communicative competences. Ultimately it will be determined whether the textbook unit fulfilled the objectives of the five components of transcultural and intercultural communicative competences.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 2,3, Technical University of Braunschweig (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), language: English, abstract: What makes a woman a witch? What kinds of stereotypes do witches in movies share with women? What is the source of these stereotypes? How are good and bad witches portrayed in movies and how is “white” magic depicted? In order to investigate these questions, I am going to conduct an analysis of the witches'depiction in three different, contemporary movies. My hypothesis is that despite multiple attempts to reform the movie character of the witch, for example via the introduction of “white magic” or good-hearted witches who support the protagonists, their depiction still consists of mainly negative, female stereotypes, so that an unchanged negative representation of the female gender can be observed in the movies I am going to analyse. This paper is structured as follows. First, I am going to start with a historical contextualization of the topic. In order to investigate the origin of the idea of “witchcraft” there will be an analysis of the historical events that led to its creation. Hereby, I will investigate the sources of the stereotypical “witch”. Therefore, I will provide an overview of the persecution of a “heretical” movement, which correlates with the later witch-hunts. Then, I will investigate the mental frame that led to the witch persecutions and the influence of the Catholic Church on the common sense in order to understand the development of this phenomena. After that, I will have a closer look on the characteristics of “witches” as women in order to clarify the stereotypes concering gender. Furthermore, I will introduce and discuss specific aspects of film theory, which are essential for the following analysis of the movies. Subsequently, based on the film theoretical aspects, I am going to analyse the depiction of witches in the movies “Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters”, “The Last Witch Hunter”, and “The Witch”. Finally, I will finish this paper by concluding the overall outcome and by answering the research questions and the question whether my hypothesis was confirmed, based on my findings.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 2,3, University of Paderborn, language: English, abstract: This research paper is concerned with the depiction of the female body in video games, comics and other genres. In order to gather research and information, this paper will look at three different popular media types – comics, movies and video games, and analyse how two women in each category are depicted and represented. This paper does not intend to criticize depicting women in a ―'sexy'way or overanalyze every little thing that might be interpreted as sexist. Moreover, it simply wants to clarify that over sexualizing women in popular culture, more often than not, can lead to misperceptions of the female body for women and men alike. While women feel the need to present their bodies in a sexualized way all the time, men may accept this depiction as a norm and personal entertainment, leading to deviations from these norms to be met with hate and confusion. Additionally, it would manifest old beliefs of women only playing a passive accessory. Thus, this topic is still very important these days, as a large portion of women in the world are still prohibited to have power over their own bodies and rights or are still represented as overly sexualized or ―not good enough‖ within popular culture.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, University of Hannover, language: English, abstract: The aim of the present paper is to figure out if and how the target words of this study, verbs derived from adjectives with the suffix –ify that were selected from the NOW Corpus, differ in use and show different meanings in context. In order to analyse the target words to prettify and to vivify this paper will utilise of the technique promoted by Patrick Hanks. His theory of norms and exploitation (TNE) investigates meaning under the aspects of the mental lexicon and collocations. The target words will be analysed in the manner of Patrick Hanks Pattern Dictionary approach as well as the model of extended lexical units by John Sinclair in order to give an appropriate overview of the different aspects and nuances of their meaning.

Diploma Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1, University of Innsbruck, language: English, abstract: Othering is a language process which does not only occur in spoken language, but also in written. Nowadays, such a negative portrayal and creation of the perfect other is often happening in a rather hidden and indirect manner. This paper explores whether Donald J. Trump indulged in the act of Othering in his Tweets, and whether this happened in a direct or indirect way. The findings lead to an understanding whether Othering is being accepted in politics or not. What comes as a blessing has also its downsides, as not only positive but also negative opinions are omnipresent on the internet. This is due to the possibility to upload almost everything, as not every website has a way to censor inappropriate content. Furthermore, having a filter for written or pictured hate crime does not prevent it from happening as it is not always straight forward, and hateful messages can come in disguise. An uncountable number of these more or less hidden hate crimes are a sort of'Othering'as people tend to put themselves in opposition to others to create a sense of solidarity with those who share sameness and to have some excuse to keep up power relationships. With this, it becomes clear that language itself, in the case of this paper explicitly the written one, is a powerful tool to exert authority and domination on others, especially when used by people in power, like politicians. Therefore, the question this paper tries to answer is how written discourse in the Tweets of Trump creates the feeling of separation and dominance that underlies the act of'Othering'and whether this reflects a direct or indirect, and with this more subtle and normalized, use of power discourse. In this thesis, only those people Trump constantly portrays as dangerous foreigners, intruders, therefore not'Americans', are included in the analysis, by looking at how he structures his discourse around them. These include Mexicans and Muslims, both to be found under the umbrella term of (illegal) immigrants.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, language: English, abstract: The question that will be addressed in this thesis is whether dialect choice in soul music from Memphis and Detroit was, with regard to commercial success, stronger than the mostly homogeneous character of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) across all regions of the US. A detailed linguistic analysis of a selection of songs from Motown and Stax will try to investigate the extent to which that artists from Detroit did adapt their language habits to their surrounding white fellow citizens. This might be even more interesting for northern blacks who moved away from their dialect roots in the South. With respect to a separation from the white population, which can at least be assumed for the artists'childhood and early adulthood, it appears necessary to look at certain features that were either kept or lost. In addition, the analysis will try to connect the commercial success of all included songs and artists to the language habits of the performers. First, some background for this paper's study will be provided, including the social implications of AAVE and the reference studies for the analysis. Then, the relevant phonological and grammatical variables will be listed and explained. These variables will be, with regard to the Motown and Stax data sets, analyzed in detail. Finally, the interpretation of the results will try to find an answer to the thesis of this paper.

Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,7, University of Regensburg, language: English, abstract: The Ukrainian-American avant-garde video artist Maya Deren is going to be in the object of study in the main body of this paper which focuses on the question of what, in particular, makes her representations of femininity outstanding and contrary to the ones in the contemporary woman's film. As to the structure of the paper at hand, the first part will briefly outline Simone de Beauvoir's academic theory of femininity, the key aspects of representation of women in woman's cinema and give information on avant-garde cinema. In the second part, then, Maya Deren's approach to gender will be introduced. Following and based on the first part, the third part will then closely analyze, how femininity is treated in her works and, thus, how it differs from the woman's film's approach. Finally, the results will be summarized into a conclusion and an outlook will be offered.I am a British Studies student and feminist activist with a passion for literature, art, media and sports.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Innsbruck, language: English, abstract: In order to analyse the frequency of anglicism usage in the German language, this paper analyses articles from the German newspaper Die Zeit. Media and the press, for instance, mimic the use and competence of English words in the German language among German native speakers. Therefore, analysing newspaper articles is an efficient and effective way to demonstrate the spread of anglicisms. At the beginning of this thesis there is a general explanation of anglicisms. This not only includes a definition but also further information on the different forms of anglicisms, such as direct or indirect loan influences as well as hybrid anglicisms. Moreover, it illustrates the transmission processes with its parameters and the grammar of anglicism within the German language system. Consequently, this lexical productivity is summarized, and the types of integration of anglicisms into the German lexicon are further evaluated. This is then followed by a chapter that highlights diachronic aspects of integrating English borrowings into the German language and the motives of using these. Subsequently, it provides information on the impact it has on German and the reasons why some German linguists believe their language to be endangered. The analysis in this paper encompasses a broad sample of 60 articles in total from six different news categories that were published between October 2019 and February 2020 on the online platform of the German newspaper Die Zeit. Since Second World War, the use of anglicisms in the German language has drastically increased, and thus, English words are borrowed more frequently. Nowadays, in the year 2020, one can confidently argue that nearly every German native speaker uses anglicisms in their everyday life.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (Institut für Anglistik), language: English, abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine phonological reflexes of British varieties in AusE focusing on the question of which British variety influenced AusE the most. In order to approach this issue, it is necessary to adduce a theoretical framework: firstly, I will sketch the history and evolution of AusE by means of Schneider's “Dynamic Model” (2007) in order to clarify how and under which influences AusE evolved. Due to the utmost importance of the historical development of AusE with respect to its phonology, I will devote a proper chapter for this part. Additionally, I will provide a rough overview of Australia's present demographic situation focusing on its cultural diversity and the people's ancestries emphasizing Australia's British roots. These preliminary theoretical considerations support and eventually lead to the third chapter which deals with the main issue of this paper, namely the analysis of the extent of phonological reflexes of British varieties in AusE. For this purpose, I will, firstly, examine every single vowel of AusE providing the respective phonetic descriptions as well as an account of potential similarities and differences concerning English dialects of the British Isles. Afterwards, I will discuss the most distinctive consonantal features of AusE and analyze if and to what extent they can be identified in BrIEs. At last, I will focus on a certain prosodic feature that AusE and BrIEs have in common. Taking all the outcomes into consideration, the analysis shall result in a substantial and reliable account of to what extent phonological traces of the different British varieties can still be identified in AusE.

Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0,, language: English, abstract: It is the aim of this paper to analyze how politeness currently is - and how politeness potentially could be - taught in foreign language classrooms. The focus will be on how foreign language students are - or could be - instructed to perform speech acts that usually require forms of politeness. Teaching politeness will not be reduced to the introduction of cultural stereotypes and basic rules of behavior in language teaching, it will rather be understood as all forms of the pragmatic knowledge required to develop true intercultural communicative competence in the foreign language student. It is argued that currently teaching pragmatics only plays a minor role in foreign language teaching, but that this knowledge is crucial to build up intercultural communicative competence as it is demanded by the CEFR and foreign language curricula. To prove this thesis, current textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language will be examined for teaching activities that include aspects of foreign language pragmatics or politeness. In a subsequent chapter, the didactics and methodology of instructional pragmatics will be discussed on the basis of literature from the field of pedagogy.

Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Mannheim (Anglistische Linguistik (A1)), language: English, abstract: This paper investigates whether the syntactic features of current advertising slogans are still congruent with Leech's concept of Standard Advertising Language (established in 1966) since it is a linguistic framework still widely accepted among scholars. But more importantly, because it can provide an answer to a more far-reaching question lying behind the issue of the applicability of Leech's claims to advertising slogans today: in the course of almost half a century, has advertising language changed and does a new syntactic framework need to be established? The syntactic analysis is based on syntactic features such as sentence force, number of adjuncts, finiteness of verbs, tense and aspect, voice, type of co-ordination and number of adjectives. The findings suggest that the majority of the syntactic features of current advertising slogans are still congruent with Leech's findings. As a result, the applicability of Standard Advertising English can be extended to current advertising slogans. However, certain deviations from Leech's concept have been detected in the sample and they suggest a significant development: advertising slogans have changed in certain respects since the 1960s. In Linguistics, four different types of sentence force can be distinguished, denoted as'mood'by Leech: declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamative. The one occurring most frequently in Leech's sample is the imperative force: in his sample,'...over one in four major independent clauses were imperative.'However, only very few imperative clauses are accompanied by a negative form since advertising aims at inciting actions instead of prohibiting them. The infrequency of negative forms, thus, represents a general principle of advertising language. Likewise, interrogative clauses are a common feature of advertising, but with only one in thirty major independent clauses being interrogative. As Leech does not mention declarative and exclamative clauses, they will not be treated as salient features of advertising language in this paper.

Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2.0, University of Duisburg-Essen (Anglophone Studies), course: Languages around the world, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at providing a comparison of phonological as well as inflectional properties of English and German. It presents an overview of how major differences between both languages correlate with potential problems in language learning. Furthermore, the problems in language learning of two languages of similar historical origin will be examined, in particular German native-speakers in learning English and vice versa. In addition, it might be significant to see how both languages are differently hard to learn. However, it has to be considered that the degree of difficulty in learning one of these languages differs for every individual person. Each section will concentrate on the question whether major differences between English and German correlate with potential problems in language learning, in particular sections 3.2, 4.3 and 5. At first, some background information on these languages will be given. Afterwards, by presenting the phoneme inventory, particularly focusing on interference, this paper takes a specific look at the pronunciation difficulties of second language learners. Additionally, a short definition of the term'suffixation'will be given in order to introduce the topic'inflection'. Selected inflectional suffixes in English and German, with focus on nouns and pronouns, will be investigated separately with examples in order to give an overview about this morphologic process in both languages. What is also presented in this section is an extensive comparison of inflectional suffixes. Furthermore, a survey was conducted in which students and people with less English and/or German knowledge were questioned. The survey is concerned with difficulties in learning English and German.

Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,4, University of Würzburg (Philosophisches Institut), course: Forensic Linguistics, language: English, abstract: To raise more awareness on this sensitive subject, this paper is going to deal with how policemen carry out suspect interrogations in order to obtain a suspect's confession. Special attention is dedicated to the so called'vulnerable suspects', which should be treated with a lot of care and sensitivity while conducting police interviews. In reality, some interrogation methods used by the police include accusations and are coercive, which tends to force vulnerable suspects to confess to a crime he or she has never committed. The consequences an innocent suspect has to face due to a forced confession can be far-reaching and, in the worst case, deadly. In order to go more into detail, the following main section is subdivided into two main parts. The first one serves as an introductory part in which the theoretical frame of this paper is to be constructed. At first, there will be some basic information on the field of forensic linguistics and its origins. This explanatory section will contain definition approaches of the discipline of forensic linguistics and furthermore point out when and how it first came up and how it has developed since then. In addition, the wide range this discipline covers will be examined in more detail. The second chapter in this section will give an overview of the development of police interviews regarding its early approaches until now. Furthermore, this paragraph will also deal with the methods used by policemen in order to make a suspect confess, the interrogation techniques. Particular attention will be payed to the so-called'third degree'methods and the'Reid Technique', as well as the arising problem of false confessions, which is going to be pointed out in the last point of the explanatory part. The second part of the main section serves as a practical part in which the before explicated theoretical frame will be applied to a selected sample text. At first, this paper will exemplify the worst case result of forced confessions. Based on some of the most popular cases up until now, the very harmful or even deadly consequences of miscarriages of justice for the affected person will be demonstrated. In the first paragraph, the paper will give an overview of the Steven Avery Case. This highly controversial case is a textbook example for miscarriage of justice and therefore is center of the Netflix series Making a Murderer.

This comprehensive eBook presents the complete works or all the significant works - the Œuvre - of this famous and brilliant writer in one ebook - 19100 pages easy-to-read and easy-to-navigate: • Treasure Island • The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde • Kidnapped • A Child's Garden of Verses • Essays in the Art of Writing • The Black Arrow: A Tale of Two Roses • New Arabian Nights • Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes • A Child's Garden of Verses • David Balfour • The Black Arrow: A Tale of the Two Roses • The Master of Ballantrae: A Winter's Tale • In the South Seas • Essays of Travel • The Wrecker and Lloyd Osbourne • The Wrong Box and Lloyd Osbourne • A Child's Garden of Verses • Songs of Travel, and Other Verses • The Merry Men, and Other Tales and Fables • Island Nights'Entertainments • A Child's Garden of Verses • From the The Works of - Swanston Edition • Essays • Across the Plains, with Other Memories and Essays • The Silverado Squatters • Edinburgh: Picturesque Notes • The Ebb-Tide: A Trio And Quartette and Lloyd Osbourne • The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde • The Dynamiter and Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson • A Christmas Sermon • Fables • An Inland Voyage • Familiar Studies of Men and Books • Virginibus Puerisque, and Other Papers • Tales and Fantasies • St. Ives: Being the Adventures of a French Prisoner in England • The Waif Woman • Prince Otto, a Romance • Weir of Hermiston: An Unfinished Romance • Memories and Portraits • Father Damien: An Open Letter to the Reverend Dr. Hyde of Honolulu • Records of a Family of Engineers • A Child's Garden of Verses • Vailima Letters • A Child's Garden of Verses • Underwoods • The Sea Fogs • A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa • Lay Morals, and Other Papers • Ballads • A Child's Garden of Verses • Correspondence • A Child's Garden of Verses • The Plays of W. E. Henley and R. L. Stevenson and William Ernest Henley • Prayers Written At Vailima, and A Lowden Sabbath Morn • The Cow • etc.

Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Potsdam, course: Seminar Middle English, language: English, abstract: 1. Introduction I started learning English as my first foreign language at the age of eight, followed by French as the second at the age of eleven. Soon, I recognised similarities of the vocabulary of the two languages, not knowing why, since the grammatical structure and the declension of nouns etc. was obviously different. Of course, I was too young to think it over. However, during my studies of English linguistics I was taught the basic knowledge about the relation between French and English. Since I had learned that most of the words I knew from French were also borrowed into English, I was particularly interested in the process of this phenomenon. Which events and developments were responsible for the adoption of so many words? The Middle English period was characterised by many changes- both in its social and linguistic situation. In 1066 the Norman Conquest occurred marking the starting point of the most influencing era throughout the history of the English language. After the Conquest there were two main waves of immigration. Firstly, French upper class people migrated to the occupied British Island bringing their language with them, and English lost its status as the official language. Secondly, about two hundred years later, those French people lost their connection to the continent, when king John lost Normandy, and English was about to reinforce again. However, soon new French invasions occurred and a new French variety was brought to the Island which led to an increasing number of new vocabulary and the English language had to be enforced a second time. (Baugh, 1991) This raises the question why French prevailed in the English language that persistently, although English had been reinforced and had already gained prestige again. This is the matter of interest in this research paper which is concerned with the history of the English language between 1066 and 1400. Generally, it deals with the French influence on the English language, but focusses especially on the impact of Central French, which took place in the second phase (1250- 1500) where most of the vocabulary was adopted.

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Marburg, course: Anglistik / Englische Sprachwissenschaft, language: English, abstract: From the 1970s up to today, Reggae has been one of the most popular types of music in many countries all over the world. Having its roots in Jamaica, it was promoted by many artists, such as Bob Marley and Peter Tosh, and carried into many parts of the world. The growing popularity and the influence Reggae had on many other music genres gives a reason for an in-depth analysis of the background and development that created reggae music. In order to analyze music thoroughly, three major components need to be analyzed: historical background, language and music development. One of the earliest and most important influences on Jamaica's current music culture is the period of slavery in the Caribbean. Cruelty, oppression, and hunger for revolt can be seen as foundation for the development of Reggae. In addition to the importance of Jamaican and especially African-Jamaican history this paper deals with the relevance of Rastafarianism. The longing for freedom and equality as well as the discontent with life under white rule paved the way for the emergence of a new belief, which was based on the maxim of Black Pride and the superiority of the black race. It was not only people and their souls which were influenced by the colonialists, but also their language. Through the blend of West-African languages and English, Jamaicans established their own Creole, which can be heard in almost all reggae lyrics. As well as the experiences during the days of slavery, the newly discovered religion along with the pride and self-confidence involved, did not only change the way of life and thinking for many people with African descent, but also altered the language. The third component that led to today's Reggae was the development of Jamaican music throughout the history. Based on the Africa-inspired drumming of slaves and impacted by Rastafarian and North-American music, styles such as Ska, Rocksteady, and finally Reggae were able to evolve. By taking all three components into account, two Reggae songs are analyzed. Especially phonetic differences between the used language and Present Day English (PDE) as well as the similarities to Rastafarian Talk are examined. Overall, this paper gives an insight into the reasons and circumstances that enabled Reggae to emerge. Taking this background into account, lyrics are analyzed in order to prove that history and religion were not only precursors but are still present in today's music.

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 2,7, University of Siegen, course: Teaching English: Methods And Approaches, language: English, abstract: In my term paper I will try to investigate a unit of an English course book for German learners of English as their second language. For this aim I will use the'English G2000 B1 for the fifth grade Realschule'. I decided for the'Realschule'version as I'm studying on teaching profession for this type of school. Considering the extent of this paper I will not be able to investigate this course book completely. Instead of this I will concentrate on a small unit - topic 4 in the end of unit four, which deals with money and shopping. In G2000 every unit closes with such a short topic-unit and it has - just like the larger units - a focus on a language skill. In case of topic 4 it is speaking. In order not to write too much I will put emphasize on the methodological and theoretical background of the exercises and tasks of this unit: Which methods are used? What about the role of the learner/teacher? Which competences are demanded and supported? Is it sufficient to teach English only with the help of a course book? Therefore I will give a short glimpse on the historical background of language teaching and learning at first, so that the reader deserves basic information about methods and their theoretical background. For a better entrance to my topic I will also involve the teacher's manual. It includes information about new vocabulary, materials and methods. Furthermore it offers the teacher instructions for the exercises in the student's course book. Therefore it is in a way essential, because it is in fact a manual for the student's book. Topic 4 consists of four main exercises. Some of them are slightly complemented by parallel tasks from the pupil's workbook, which is also available as additional support to the course book. Furthermore there is a Vocabulary Action Sheet in the end of the teacher's manual including some vocabulary exercises for each unit.

Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, LMU Munich (Anglistik), course: Hauptseminar Categorization, Gestalts and Frames in Linguistic Analysis, language: English, abstract: The paper deals with the linguistic phenomenons of scripts and frames and their influnece on our daily life. The focus lies with the well known Restaurant Script and the Travel Frame. Intr. In the early 70s the US linguist Charles J. Fillmore introduced the notion of frame. The aim was'to widen the scope of lexical and grammatical analysis'(Ungerer & Schmid 2006:207) The initial interpretation of the term, however soon change into a cognitive way. In 1992 Fillmore talks about frames as'cognitive structure [...] knowledge of which is presupposed for the concepts encoded by words.'(Ungerer & Schmid 2006:210) We can state that the notion of frames shifted from being a linguistic construct towards a cognitive one. But not only in linguistics has the frame notion been used, but also in terms of artificial intelligence, namely computer, which have become part of our daily lives and irreplaceable just as language itself. Concl. In total we can say that the notion of frame laid the foundation for scripts and event-frames. Both contributed to improve the understanding of the way people hear, speak and think. Scripts were developed or introduced to'account for knowledge structures that represent larger sequences of events by casual chains.'(Ungerer & Schmid 2006: 217) Furthermore are script a necessity for computer scientists to feed computers with information in order to create a kind of artificial intelligence. Without these structures and information of standard situations and the behavior concerning it, computers would not be able to process the information given which could be seen on the example of the definite article in the first little story about football. Especially examples like the Restaurant Script can be used to explain the properties of scripts in general. Event-frames were designed to widen the scope of the linguistic analysis. This means in particular taking into account parts of sentences which before had not been examined like adverbials or even expressions that are not contained in the written form. Furthermore are event-frames interesting in terms of language acquisition and use in different languages, which could be seen with the story'Frog, where are you?'Here it becomes clear that satellite-framed languages like English seem to be more feasible when it comes to describing motion as the MANNER is incorporated in the PATH. In the end scripts and event-frames can be labeled as important scientific aspects of cognitive linguistics.

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Flensburg (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Semantics, language: English, abstract: Vehicles are part of our everyday life. They help us transporting goods, traveling and are part of our free time activities. This leads to many different types of vehicles, many lexemes and therefore a large lexical field. In this paper I will have a closer look at the semantic field vehicle. I will concentrate on vehicles that move on solid ground. Starting by analyzing the sense relations within the semantic field, synonymous, hyponymic, meronymic, polysemous, and homonymous relations will be the key aspects of my analysis. Furthermore, I will have a look at the prototype theory and the Goodness-Of-Exemplar-Rating in connection to the lexical field vehicle.

This edition of the Works contains all of Thackeray's known works intended for publication, including the novels, travel books, serial and separate contributions to various periodicals, texts of lectures, and the play The Wolves and the Lamb.The contents of the volumes are:Volume 1 (275 pp.): Critical introduction to the Works by Prof. Micael Clarke; Barry Lyndon.Volume 2 (300 pp.): Vanity Fair, volume I.Volume 3 (346 pp.): Vanity Fair, volume II.Volume 4 (398 pp.): The History of Pendennis, volume I.Volume 5 (355 pp.): The History of Pendennis, volume II.Volume 6 (386 pp.): The Newcomes, volume I.Volume 7 (371 pp.): The Newcomes, volume II.Volume 8 (395 pp.): The History of Henry Esmond.Volume 9 (390 pp.): The Virginians, volume I.Volume 10 (361 pp.): The Virginians, volume II.Volume 11 (363 pp.): Lovel the Widower (this and all preceding volumes are novels); The Four Georges (lectures); The English Humourists of the Eighteenth Century (lectures)Volume 12 (258 pp.): The Adventures of Philip, volume I.Volume 13 (225 pp.): The Adventures of Philip, volume II (a novel)Volume 14 (298 pp.): Denis Duval (the last, incomplete, novel); Morning Chronicle contributions (journalism)Volume 15 (393 pp.): From Cornhill to Grand Cairo; The Irish Sketch-book (travel books)Volume 16 (250 pp.): The Paris Sketch-book (a travel book)Volume 17 (277 pp.): Sketches and Travels in London; The Fatal Boots (fiction); Little Travels and Roadside Sketches (travel writing); The Wolves and the Lamb (a play)Volume 18 (198 pp.): Catherine (fiction); Cox's Diary (fiction)Volume 19 (146 pp.): Men's Wives (fiction)Volume 20 (279 pp.): The Memoirs of Charles J. Yellowplush (fiction); The History of Samuel Titmarsh and the Great Hoggarty Diamond (fiction); A Little Dinner at Timmins's (fiction)Volume 21 (288 pp.): The Tremendous Adventures of Major Gahagan (fiction); Novels by Eminent Hands (satire); The Diary of C. Jeames de la Pluche (fiction); The History of the Next French Revolution (fiction); A Legend of the Rhine (fiction)Volume 22 (393 pp.): Christmas Books; Sketches (magazine contributions)Volume 23 (198 pp.): Charity and Humour (a lecture); Critical Reviews (artistic and literary criticism)Volume 24 (337 pp.): The Book of Snobs (comic essays); The Fitz-Boodle Papers (fiction); A Shabby Genteel Story (fiction)Volume 25 (328 pp.): Roundabout Papers (magazine editorial pieces); The Second Funeral of Napoleon (journalism); The Bedford-Row Conspiracy (fiction)Volume 26 (305 pp.): Miss Tickletoby's Lectures on English History; Papers by the Fat Contributor; miscellaneous contributions to'Punch'Volume 27 (260 pp.): BalladsAll of the Works have been newly typeset for this edition. The texts have been mostly taken from the London Edition of the works (London: The Caxton Publishing Company, undated, 12 vols.). Some of the more widely available texts, chiefly the major novels, have been taken from e-texts available through Project Gutenberg, checked against and collated with the London Edition with the more inclusive version being preferred in any cases where the two texts differ. The Wolves and the Lamb, which is not found in the London Edition, has been based solely on a Project Gutenberg text.Professor Micael Clarke (Assistant Professor, Loyola University Chicago) has contributed an introduction to the Works as a whole, printed in volume 1.

Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Hannover (Englisches Seminar), course: Historical Linguistics, language: English, abstract: Concise overview over different mechanisms in the sphere of Language change. English is looking back onto a long and rich history of development. Being part of the Indo-European language family, the origins of the language could be argued to date back as much as 6000 years. However, most scholars seem to agree that the'true', traceable genesis of English starts somewhere around the time of the Anglo-Saxon migration to the British Isles in in the fifth century CE. Thus, English can be understood as part of the Germanic language family tree. Today, only a relatively small part of the lexicon of English still reflects this beginning, as, over the course of many centuries, the language underwent a multitude of internally, externally and extra-linguistically motivated changes. Some followed major historical events such as the Norman Conquest in 1066 and the subsequently existing French influences or the Middle Ages and renaissance, which brought with them a great emphasis on Latin. While these mainly influenced the lexicon of English through loanwords, other developments, such as Sound Shifts (most notably the First Sound Shift, which is described by Grimm's Law that illustrates the differences between Germanic and other Indo-European languages), or the transition from Old English as an inflectional language to Middle English becoming an isolating or analytic language, had lasting influences on every major linguistic field of English.

Poetry is where Meanjin began, and Autumn 2024 is Meanjin's first with new Poetry Editor Jeanine Leane — be sure to include this issue in your collection! There's Tom Doig on ‘Ten years on from Hazelwood: last decade's second-worst disaster'. Marcus Westbury reconfiguring capitalism in ‘The agency and the equity'. A venturous interview with Peter Polites. Elise Dowden's joyful ‘Australia in Three Books'on national treasure π.O.. André Dao's superb ‘State of the (Writing) Nation'oration. A Clare Wright memoir piece that packs a powerful punch. And plenty more fiction, memoir, essays, reviews and experiments. All framed by this season's Meanjin Paper by Arrernte Elder Theresa Penangke Alice: ‘Ilkakelheme akngakelheme — resisting assimilation'. In heavy times, we read with heavy hearts, and reflect with open minds. Embrace Australia's finest writers.

The first of eight volumes of Hopkins's Collected Works to be published, Oxford Essays and Notes presents a remarkable cache of previously unpublished papers, including forty-five essays which Hopkins produced during his undergraduate career at Oxford (1863-1867), only seven of which were reproduced in the 1959 edition of Journals and Papers. Topics range from Platonic philosophy to theories of the imagination, from ancient history to then-contemporary politics and voting rights. Also included are notes from a commonplace book, a remarkable'dialogue'about aesthetics (featuring a fictionalized John Ruskin figure), and the lecture notes Hopkins prepared in the winter of 1868 while teaching at John Henry Newman's Oratory School in Birmingham-writings in which he explores, for the first time, the theories of inscape and instress so central to his poetic practice. The edition is fully annotated and provides a detailed introduction that situates historically Hopkins's academic and creative efforts. The twelve notebooks represent Hopkins's intellectual and aesthetic development while studying with some of the greatest scholars of the era (Benjamin Jowett, Walter Pater, and T. H. Green), as well as the ethical and spiritual anxieties he wrestled with while deciding to convert to Catholicism (John Henry Newman received him into the Church in 1866). Hopkins never wrote to please his tutors or the university professors-he wrote vividly and searchingly in response to the challenges they presented. Whether evaluating Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, the role of'neutral'England in the American civil war, or the comparative merits of classical sculpture, his first instinct was always to frame the difficult questions involved and work towards a'counter'argument.

First published in 1996, HEAT is a literary magazine dedicated to publishing essays, fiction, and poetry by Australian and overseas writers of the highest quality. Recent contributors include Eda Gunaydin, Noémi Lefebvre, Gareth Morgan, Jenny Erpenbeck, Oliver Driscoll, Mary Jean Chan, Amitava Kumar, Fiona Wright, Oscar Schwartz, Zang Di, Hanne Ørstavik, Katharina Volckmer, Kate Middleton, and Noëlle Janaczewska. HEAT's third series (2022–) is edited by Alexandra Christie and designed by award-winning designer Jenny Grigg. Recent praise for HEAT:'The revival of HEAT journal has been one of the high points of the year. In the 1990s and 2000s, HEAT was the most exciting, forward-looking literary magazine in the country. After more than a decade on ice, this new series — under the editorship of Alexandra Christie — has raised the bar once again. Elegantly designed and thoughtfully curated, and including work from canonical Australian writers to emerging voices to authors in translation, the journal reminds us how crucial such organs are to the vigour and health of our literary ecosystem.'— Geordie Williamson, The Saturday Paper's ‘Best of 2022'‘So slender and elegant, nothing wasted, nothing grandiose — and beautiful work.'— Helen Garner ‘HEAT magazine was a trailblazer from the day it was launched…[The new series is] still dedicated to publishing non-Anglophone views of the world, alternatives to the mainstream and points of view that are both thought-provoking and expressed in high literary style.'— Openbook, NSW State Library Magazine ‘A very beautiful and stylish object…long may this new series of HEAT continue!'— Sarah Holland-Batt ‘I welcome the return of HEAT. Readers and writers alike will revel in its daring audacity, bold exploration and innovative celebration of literature.'— Alexis Wright

A The Spectator and Observer Book of the Year The NB column in the Times Literary Supplement, signed at the foot by J.C., occupied the back page of the paper for thirteen years. For a decade before that, it was in the middle pages. That's roughly 60,000 words a year for twenty-three years. The purpose of the initials was not to disguise the author, but to offer complete freedom to the persona. J.C. was irreverent and whimsical. The column punctured pomposity, hypocrisy and cant in the literary world – as one correspondent put it:'skewering contemporary absurdities, whether those resulting from identity politics or from academic jargon'. Readers came to expect reports from the Basement Labyrinth, where all executive decisions are made, and where annual literary prizes were judged and administered. These included the Most Unoriginal Title Prize – for a new book bearing a title that had been used by several other authors (eg, The Kindness of Strangers); the Incomprehensibility Prize, for impenetrable academic writing; the Jean-Paul Sartre Prize for Prize Refusal, and the All Must Have Prizes Prize, for authors who have never won anything. Readers of NB by J.C. will find an off-beat guide to our cultural times. The book begins in 2001 and proceeds to 2020. The substantial Introduction offers a history of the TLS itself from birth through the precarious stages of its adaptation and survival.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 2,6, University of Dortmund, language: English, abstract: This paper aims to investigate attitudes towards gender-neutral language in Germany. The two hypotheses that are put forward are that firstly, females are more open to gender-neutral language than males, and secondly, younger people are more open to gender-neutral language than older people. A survey was distributed through Facebook and other social media channels to gather data about the different attitudes that resulted in 146 valid answers. Furthermore, the participants were divided into four generations and the genders male, female, and divers. After comparing the different groups, the two hypotheses could both be verified.

Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,3, University of Cologne (Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät), language: English, abstract: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that implementing a pedagogy of multiliteracies and multimodal literature can have a great impact on teaching in the EFL classroom. In the last chapter, three different multimodal novels will therefore be highlighted. An analysis will take place on how Shaun Tan's'The Arrival', Gene Luen Yang's'American Born Chinese'and Frank Cottrell Boyce's'The Unforgotten Coat'can foster a multimodal literacy. For this purpose, possible ways of teaching will be drafted. At the beginning of this decade we started to face a new world-wide crisis. Due to the current global pandemic many economic, political and social changes arise for everyone. Even if we cannot predefine the impacts of this transition in the long run, we can assume that it will effectuate changes for the working and social life of many people around the globe. In fact, this situation already requires new methods for learning, working and socializing on different levels. In times of globalization and mass migration, diversity and heterogeneity became natural phenomena. Besides, (foreign) languages and English as a lingua franca became more important for everyday life. It led to the implementation of new technologies, and especially new communication systems, which are frequently used world-wide. Communication apps like WhatsApp or Instagram, which are used by the majority of young people nowadays, are an integral part of social life. Today, the necessity for using these in learning environments is stronger than ever. With it comes the demand to use these communication systems appropriately. The influences of digital technologies also set new needs for learning and teaching in the English foreign language classroom. The crisis, yet again, underlines the demands for new learning methods, which have long been discussed in schools and other educational settings.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, RWTH Aachen University, language: English, abstract: Metaphors are, next to parallels and comparisons, one of the most important rhetorical devices in political speeches. They were defined by Aristotle as ‘giving the thing a name that belongs to something else's. Metaphors establish a connection between a subject that may be new or uncommon in our lives and something that feels familiar and near to the heart. This makes them successful and turns them into a useful tool in politics. The ways to analyse metaphors are manifold, but the preferred way for political speeches is the Critical Metaphor Analysis. It enables the researcher to not only identify and classify a metaphor, but also to determine which use a metaphor has and which tone it carries. This paper will compare a total of four speeches from two different politicians with each other with regard to the usage of metaphors and the effect those metaphors have on a biopolitical base.

Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 9 and 12,, course: Master of Arts in Linguistic Science, language: English, abstract: This study has analysed the grammatical errors pupils make when writing English Compositions. This study paper aimed at investigating the grammatical errors committed by grade 9 and 12 pupils in English compositions. The study had the overall goal of identifying the kind of grammatical rules the pupils break. These errors hinder learners from understanding the language and sometimes block or slow down communication. The objectives of the study were: to discover types of grammatical errors that learners make when writing compositions and 2. to discuss rules that were broken for pupils to commit such errors. The research design was a mixed method design which involved both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Its targeted population was twenty-five (25) teachers of English and one hundred (100) grade 9 and 12 pupils from five selected secondary schools. Random sampling technique was used to arrive at Pupils to be included in the sample. Data for this research was collected using semi-structured interviews and written composition scripts. The compositions were marked with the help of other language teachers. Data was analysed and presented thematically using tables, graphs and discussions of findings. Composition scripts from the pupils were analyzed by looking at the types of errors made. The findings of the research revealed that the common grammar errors committed by secondary school pupils in Petauke District are: Verb tense, subject- verb agreement, pronoun, spellings, word order, and use of articles, double negative, preposition, and wrong word. It was also discovered that Pupils break grammar rules to make grammatical errors. The findings of this research may inform educators and language material developers about the grammatical errors pupils make and the rules they break to make such errors. The findings might also serve as guidance to teachers on how to assist learners to become better sentence writers. Ultimately, the project ends with conclusion and recommendations.

This volume was first published by Inter-Disciplinary Press in 2011. The papers collected in this volume document the exchange and development of ideas that comprised the 5th Global Conference on Visions of Humanity in Cyberculture, Cyberspace, and Science Fiction, hosted at Mansfield College, Oxford, United Kingdom, in July 2010. As in the past, the conference was driven by questions related to how cyberculture, cyberspace and science fiction can provide new insights into the nature of what it is to be human and the understanding of what it means for human beings to live in communities. In addition to these recurring themes, there is just as importantly a disposition that is shared by those participating in this volume. The authors, as well the writers, thinkers, and filmmakers they consider in their essays, demonstrate an intrepid and inquisitive approach that tests age-old questions within the rapidly expanding, but still vaguely defined spaces that new technologies have afforded us. Moreover, in many ways, the conference and present volume reflect their subject, which has always been situated self-consciously and comfortably between the receding boundaries that have traditionally served both to delineate various academic disciplines and to distinguish real scholarship from popular discourse. Thus, as evidenced in the chapters of this volume, the conference benefited from the participation of delegates who represented a variety of fields, methodologies, and perspectives.

Examination Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Tubingen, language: English, abstract: The primary research question addressed by this paper is: Is there a universally valid principle for pronoun reference in English and can we compare that principle to Turkish? Featherson and Sternefeld (2003) point out the significance of binding: Binding is more than only a subarea of linguistics dealing with pronouns and anaphors, as it provides more information about language than expected. The binding phenomena reveals several other aspects of the human language, such as its complexity and its dynamic interaction of syntax and context. Since the pioneering Pisa Lectures on Government and Binding by Noam Chomsky (1981, 1986), it has commonly been assumed that a single theoretical apparatus, such as the Binding Theory, universally determines the interpretation and distribution of pronouns and anaphors in English. The Binding Theory proposed by Chomsky expresses a generalization about syntactic relationships by using three principles and has been criticized, refined and modified over the past few decades. In particular, the revision proposed by Moskovsky (2004) attempts to provide remarks and improvements for the existing version of Chomsky's classical Binding Theory. This is the reason why it is interesting to do more research on binding.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (Department of English Language and Linguistics), language: English, abstract: Starting with a basic comparison of amplifiers as well as intensifiers in ICLE and LINDSEI, this paper attempts to depict differences of adjective intensification in a written and a spoken context in a more detailed way. First, the term intensifier is defined and its functions are described. Secondly, the role of intensification in English foreign language teaching is explained, as well as the improvement of linguistic studies with the help of corpora. Following thereupon is the methodological part, which describes the concrete analysis of LINDSEI, with the help of the research toolAntConc. Then the types and tokens of amplifiers as well as intensifiers of ICLE and LINDSEI-GE are compared in order to depict general differences of a written and a spoken context. After that the modified adjectives are examined concerning their overall frequency. Furthermore, the most frequent adjective-intensifier collocations are exposed. Charts are used to illustrate the results of the study to show mainly absolute numbers. Then the results are discussed and compared to Lorenz'findings with a reference to other studies of this field, such as Sylviane Grangers study of amplifier collocations. Also, problematic aspects erasing while conducting the study and the observation of intensifiers and adjectives are discussed as well.

As a remedy to sleeplessness, Charles Dickens used to take to wandering the streets of London at night for long stretches of time. On those walks, he gained a great deal of experience of and sympathy for homeless people and what it was like to share their world, noting down his observations in the series of essays and accounts contained within this volume. The essays include: “Night walks” (1860), “Gone Astray” (1853), “Chatham Dockyard” (1863), “A Small Star In The East” (1868), “On an Amateur Beat” (1869), “Betting-shops” (1852), and “Trading in Death” (1852). These incredible essays offer a unique glimpse into London's underbelly during the mid-nineteenth century, painting a vivid picture of the lives and travails of London's neglected underclass. Charles John Huffam Dickens (1812–1870) was an English writer and social critic famous for having created some of the world's most well-known fictional characters. His works became unprecedentedly popular during his life, and today he is commonly regarded as the greatest Victorian-era novelist. Although perhaps better known for such works as “Oliver Twist” and “A Christmas Carol”, Dickens first gained success with the 1836 serial publication of “The Pickwick Papers”, which turned him almost overnight into an international literary celebrity thanks to his humour, satire, and astute observations concerning society and character. Read & Co. Books is publishing this fantastic collection of essays complete with a specially-commissioned biography of the author.

This book contains the complete novels of Charles Dickens in the chronological order of their original publication. - The Pickwick Papers - Oliver Twist - Nicholas Nickleby - The Old Curiosity Shop - Barnaby Rudge - Martin Chuzzlewit - Dombey and Son - David Copperfield - Bleak House - Hard Times - Little Dorrit - A Tale of Two Cities - Great Expectations - Our Mutual Friend - The Mystery of Edwin Drood

George Augustus Sala was born in born in New Street, London, on 24th November 1828.He was a precocious child. Having learnt French he wrote a French tragedy ‘Fredegonde'before he turned 10. From 1839 to 1842 he studied in Paris alongside fellow pupil Alexandre Dumas.At 15, now a capable draughtsman and an insatiable reader, he was allowed to follow his own path.Stints as a clerk were followed by an engagement to draw railway plans during the railway mania of 1845. His mother and brother then introduced him to the Princess's Theatre, where they were professionally engaged, and he was given occasional work as a scene-painter.He began his literary career in 1848 with articles to a struggling weekly paper called ‘Chat.'They were eagerly accepted, and he was appointed editor on a miniscule salary.In 1850 came his first publication; a comic illustrated guidebook for continental tourists; ‘Practical Exposition of J. M. W. Turner's Picture, Hail, Rain, Steam, and Speed.'In 1851 a rather more promising opportunity offered itself. Charles Dickens accepted ‘The Key of the Street,'for his periodical ‘Household Words.'For the next 5 years Sala would write an essay or story every week.Sala published his first novel in 1860, ‘The Baddington Peerage: A Story of the Best and Worst Society'.He was eager to build on the thriving periodical market and followed in the footsteps of Dickens and Thackeray with the founding of ‘Temple Bar.'The first issue was December 1860 and in the second he began a serialization of ‘The Seven Sons of Mammon', followed by perhaps his best work ‘The Strange Adventures of Captain Dangerous'.In 1863 Sala undertook his first tour as a ‘special'foreign correspondent of the ‘Daily Telegraph.'He was in America from November 1863 to December 1864, reporting on the progress of the civil war.A long series of expeditions followed across Europe and the United States before Australia and India.During Sala's last years his energies were slowed by frequent illness. While continuing work for the ‘Daily Telegraph'and his ‘Echoes of the Week,'he lived mainly in Brighton.George Augustus Sala died from nervous exhaustion, after a long illness, at Brighton on 8th December 1895.