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This book is about European ground and air forces after the Cold War and the potential role they might - or might not - play in shaping a pragmatic, common European foreign and security policy. It deals with future co-operation between West European armies and air forces. Challenges, in the form of politico-military strategic interests at stake and the corresponding risks, as well as the possible responses to these challenges, in the form of national and multilateral military doctrines and the execution thereof, are scrutinized and dealt with. First, in Chapters Two (James Gow), Three (François Mermet), and Four (Stephen Cambone), the strategic rationale and the political-military implications of an overall European security and defence policy are discussed. Next, Chapters Five (Trevor Taylor), Six (Madeleine Sandström), and Seven (Lothar Rühl) deal with the harmonization and restructuring of national defence policies and their tools. Chapters Eight (Tony Mason), Nine (Jan Folmer), and Ten (Luc Stainier), then concentrate on the role, missions and means of the ground, air and joint components of a collective European military instrument for the implementation of a future European security and defence policy. Finally, in Chapter Eleven the editor provides an overview of topical highlights and tentative conclusions emanating from both the previous chapters and the discussions during the workshop of experts that was held in conjunction with this book. This book is of interest to European policy-makers, defence planners, officers-under-training in military and defence academies, and students of international relations, political science and European security.

This volume offers a concise yet thorough picture of the principles of EU external relations law. By carefully examining the role of the Union on the global scene, it aims to provide a systematic overview of the relevant rules and competences, reflecting on the legal developments in their political and societal context. The book contains up-to-date analyses of inter alia the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the Common Security and Defence Policy and the Common Commercial Policy. Moreover, it devotes specific attention to the EU's external powers as regard the environment, fundamental rights and development cooperation. In addition, it includes a dedicated chapter exploring the relations with neighbouring countries, as well as one that elucidates the complex interplay between rules of domestic, European and international provenance. One of the work's key assets is how reflections on the law are interwoven with, and supplemented by, insights from adjacent disciplines likeinternational studies, political science, and public administration. The third edition, like its predecessors, continues to have an undergraduate readership in mind. The inclusion of chapter overviews, clarifying boxes, and countless topical examples should prove extra enlightening for those audiences. The book managed to attract particular praise earlier for its lucid style and great accessibility. As before, its compact dimensions, transparent design and comprehensive approach should enable users to master the central features of this gripping field of law with ease. Newly appearing in the Springer Textbooks in Law series, it remains an invaluable resource for students and lecturers alike.

This monograph examines the legal dimension of European defence integration from the Second World War to the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. It covers the evolution of European defence and security law in its legal,historical, and political context. The notion of defence law describes the entire field of rules created to regulate the defence of a nation or alliance. The analysis leads from the earliest mutual defence treaties to the failure of the European Defence Community and the eventual separation of defence from the mainstream of European integration in the 1950s, further to the re-vitalisation of a European security policy in the Treaties of Maastricht, Amsterdam, and Nice. In the context of this evolutionary process, the book examines the function of Community Law as an instrument of European defence integration. Community law affects the economic and social aspects of the defence within the limits of the security exemptions of the EC Treaty. It has an impact on the composition of the armed forces, the procurement of armaments, or the regulation of the defence industries. The book concludes with an analysis of the Common Security and Defence Policy of the Constitutional Treaty agreed by the European Council in 2004. The discussion shows that European defence integration is characterised by fragmentation in an area where coherence is particularly important. First, defence and security are addressed in several organisations: the EU, the Western European Union, NATO, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Organisation for Joint Armaments Cooperation. Second, defence and security are addressed in both the supranational Community Pillar and the intergovernmental Second Pillar of the Treaty on European Union. The new Constitutional Treaty aims to overcome the three-Pillar structure of the Union. Nevertheless, it leaves the intergovernmental character of the security and defence policy intact and introduces flexible frameworks for its mutual defence, crisis management, and armaments components. However, the Union needs a coherent defence policy to ensure her security and to speak with one voice on the international scene.

This book explores the EU's approach to peacebuilding and questions the EU global role as crisis manager and capacity builder. It highlights the significant contributions of the EU to civilian peacebuilding and also critically evaluates the activities of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) within their rule of law and human rights peacebuilding missions. It draws on the author's twenty years of experience working on CSDP and EU defence matters including his research on EU police missions in Africa and Middle East. It exposes emergent tension between peacebuilding in its neighbourhood and security issues. It examines the practice of EU peacebuilding including performance of its missions and how deployed personnel can professionalise their diplomatic (mediation, negotiation and dialogue facilitation) capacity to fully realise the potential of missions and exploit opportunities for expanding the vision of peace. It formulates convincing policy recommendations for the future planning of EU external relations in post conflict environments and offers valuable insights into how to connect with people and communities in the aftermath of conflict.

Anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures are the most important elements of the European Union's trade defence instruments. Since the beginning of the European integration process, they have been used to combat trade practices which are considered'unfair'and their distortive effects on competition in the internal market. However, while the imposition of trade defence measures aims to level the playing field between EU producers and their foreign competitors, it also produces negative effects on competition itself.Based on the role attributed to competition and trade defence policy respectively throughout the European integration process, this book argues that the trading bloc's trade defence instruments should not be designed or applied with the objective of granting maximum protection to EU producers, but that their use should be limited to what is necessary to ensure fairness in competition between EU producers and exporting producers.However, an analysis of the changesmade to the European Union's Basic Anti-Dumping Regulation and the Basic Anti-Subsidy Regulation by the Trade Defence Modernisation Package reveals that several aspects of the European Union's modernised trade defence instruments do not meet this requirement. Rather than being limited to offsetting the unfair competitive advantages of producers practicing dumping or benefiting from subsidies, the reformed provisions go beyond this, distorting competition in favour of the EU industry instead. Furthermore, the book critically assesses the reformed rules relating to the integration of social and environmental aspects in the imposition of anti-dumping or anti-subsidy measures as well as the modernised basic regulations'compatibility with WTO law.

This edited book brings together a diverse range of chapters on space related topics. The authors included in this book are drawn from Australia and overseas, from academia, government, industry, civil society and the military. This book contains chapters that cover topics such as law, science, archaeology, defence, policy, and more, all with a focus on space. This edited collection is a timely international and interdisciplinary book, which addresses some of the contemporary issues facing activities in space and those attempting to understand, use and regulate the space domain. This edited book seeks to normalise the role of women as experts in the space sector, by not calling attention to the fact that all the authors are women – they are all experts in their respective fields who just happen to be women. Bringing together these contributions in this book in turn promotes the inclusion of diversity in the space sector. This edited collection is an opportunity to influence the development of the space industry – in terms of gender diversity, and diversity of disciplines and thinking – while it is in its formative stage, rather than trying to redress imbalances once they are entrenched in the industry.

The Handbook of European Security Law and Policy offers a holistic discussion of the contemporary challenges to the security of the European Union and emphasizes the complexity of dealing with these through legislation and policy. Considering security from a human perspective, the book opens with a general introduction to the key issues in European Security Law and Policy before delving into three main areas. Institutions, policies and mechanisms used by Security, Defence Policy and Internal Affairs form the conceptual framework of the book; at the same time, an extensive analysis of the risks and challenges facing the EU, including threats to human rights and sustainability, as well as the European Union's legal and political response to these challenges, is provided. This Handbook is essential reading for scholars and students of European law, security law, EU law and interdisciplinary legal and political studies.

Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: 7 / 9, Maastricht University (Law), language: English, abstract: This research undertakes a comparative analysis of the constitutional limitations and freedoms of France and Germany in regard to the establishment of the European Security and Defence Union. Integration in a sensitive policy-field will certainly lead to political debates, but where are the limits of national constitutions to this process? Which constitutional legal conditions are imposed when the conferral of substantive competences that touch the structural sovereignty of a state to the Union is required? What are the differences and similarities in the national constitutions of Germany and France for the conferral of powers to the Union? Allowing to explore these and other questions, the constitutional law is analysed and in a subsequent discussion, the findings of the analysis is assessed to identify provisions restricting or facilitating further integration. These crucial provisions are evaluated and a potential path for overcoming the restricting laws is deduced. France and Germany have different constitutional provisions and requirements, which allow for the establishment of a common European Security and Defence Union. Both constitutions also set high hurdles for the conferral of sovereign powers to the Union and limit the abilities of a common Defence policy. Seen against this background, the conclusion of international agreements appears to be first steps of an incremental approach to reach a common policy. The most promising avenue for future research could be the employment of comparative legal research methodology applied to multiple legislations in order to check for their mutual compatibility in certain policy areas. This approach allows for the identification of likely expectations of future development in this policy area.

The third edition of this acclaimed book continues the story of the EU's constitutional journey. The EU's constitution, composed of myriad legal texts, case law and practice, is no less of a moving target than before and the pace of change has, if anything, increased since the publication of the second edition. In a constantly challenging geopolitical context, the EU faces unprecedented political, economic and cultural trials, all of which impact upon the evolution of its constitution. In particular, the migration crisis has given rise to the need for substantial revision of the chapter dealing with the area of freedom, security and justice, and the institutional reforms embarked upon in the quest to restore financial order have taken a more structured form following the inception of a European banking union.Fully updated to include the ramifications of Brexit, the book succeeds – where others have struggled – in making sense of the EU's complex constitutional order, focusing on its essential features but taking into account the profound changes that have taken place over the past 20 years. The EU has become much more than an internal economic market. Recently it may even be argued that the focus of action has been in areas such as immigration and third-country nationals, security and defence policy, and penal law and procedure, and the work towards creating a European banking union underlines the continued need to monitor economic and fiscal policy.Eschewing too much detail, the authors underline the essential values, principles and objectives of the integration regime as well as its basic normative structure and hierarchy. In this context, the decentralised nature of the EU is highlighted as an integral part of its constitutional make-up. Recurring themes include European citizenship, fundamental rights and the rule of law. The book also confronts head-on the problems and challenges facing the Union and the gap which is often perceived between lofty ideals and harsh realities.The book will be useful to students of EU law and European integration but will also appeal to a broader audience of researchers and practitioners, including political scientists.

This book offers a concise yet comprehensive review of the principles of EU external relations law. By carefully examining the role of the Union on the global scene, it provides a systematic overview of the relevant rules and competences, reflecting on the legal developments in their political and societal context. In addition to up-to-date analyses of, inter alia, the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the Common Security and Defence Policy and the Common Commercial Policy, it highlights the EU's external powers with regard to the environment, fundamental rights and development cooperation. Moreover, it includes dedicated chapters exploring the relations with neighbouring countries, and explaining the complex interplay between rules of domestic, European and international provenance.The second edition of this established text (the first edition was published under the title Layered Global Player in 2011) has been geared even more specifically towards students, for example through the inclusion of chapter overviews, clarifying boxes, and supplementary examples, while a meticulous review of the narrative has further enhanced its accessibility. As before, the book's compact dimensions, transparent structure and engaging style of writing enable readers to master the main features of this gripping field of law with ease. It thus remains an invaluable resource for students and lecturers alike.

In The EU and the Security-Development Nexus, Hans Merket unravels the long-standing commitment of the European Union (EU) to integrate its policies across the security-development nexus. By fine-tuning the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) – which includes the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) – with its development cooperation policies, the EU aims to end the devastating vicious cycle of insecurity and poverty in fragile states. This book undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the EU's words and deeds that result from this engagement across its entire policy, and its institutional and legal system. This gives a complete picture of the significance, impact, limits, potential and remaining challenges of this policy commitment, and simultaneously elucidates the practical impact of Treaty reform in the area of EU external action.

The concept of human security is a new approach to security that focuses on the individual human being and provides policy alternatives to the traditional state-centred view, which considers the state to be the only and ultimate referent of security. Formally introduced into the United Nations system in 1994 the concept's intellectual roots draw from international humanitarian law, human rights and human development, and since its introduction human security has been progressively integrated into the international security discourse. Mainstreaming Human Security: Policies, Problems, Potential paints a comprehensive picture of the relevance of the concept of human security in practice in a time of changing security paradigms and a challenging international environment. This volume looks at the practical implications of mainstreaming human security. It focuses on the potential, problems and policies of human security in peace operations and crisis management operations of the United Nations and of the European Union. Topics addressed by the contributors include mainstreaming human rights and human security in peace and crisis management in general and the role of human security in the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy, security sector reform, restorative responses to human rights violations by peacemakers, human security in Serbia and in African peace operations as well as proposals for human security training. The contributions to the book focus equally on mainstreaming human security in the UN and in the EU context. The global issues discussed and conclusions drawn are of relevance for the future of security addressed by peace and crisis management operations all over the world.

Layered Global Player offers a concise but thorough overview of the principles of EU external relations law. By closely examining the role of the European Union on the global scene, it aims to provide a systematic overview of the relevant rules and competences, reflecting the legal developments in their historical and political context. The book contains up-to-date analyses of topics such as the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the Common Security and Defence Policy and the Common Commercial Policy. Moreover, it devotes specific attention to the EU's external powers with regard to the environment, fundamental human rights and development cooperation. It also includes a dedicated chapter exploring the relations with neighbouring countries, as well as one that elucidates the complex interplay between rules of domestic, European and international provenance. Overall, this book couples an innovative design with comprehensive coverage and an engaging style of writing. Its compactness andaccessibility enable readers to master the main features of this dynamic field of law with ease, making it an indispensible resource for scholars and practitioners alike.

Fifty years after the signing of the Treaties of Rome, the European Union (EU) stands at a crossroads. It has all but completed its single market, has enlarged to twenty-seven member states, has introduced a single currency, is making progress on a common foreign and defence policy, has flirted with the adoption of a constitution and more. The European Community of six member states that at first merely collaborated on coal and steel, atomic energy and that created a customs union in the 1950s and 1960s, has progressed beyond belief so as to achieve these remarkable successes. The origins of the EU can be traced back to belligerent parties that decided it was best to leave their militaristic past behind and concentrate on creating something more positive and constructive. France and Germany had gone to war three times in a hundred years and felt the need to leave the past behind. It was clear that it was not only the decisions of the governments of France and Germany that made this new pacifism in Western Europe possible. Other countries played an important role as well.

In the post-9/11 world, the European Union has been trying to define its international presence in a way which corresponds to its economic power and enlarged membership. In an effort to assert its identity on the international scene, it has developed a very wide range of economic relations with third countries and international organisations. It has also developed a Common Foreign and Security Policy in the context of which it is gradually shaping its Security and Defence Policy. These policies are carried out on the basis of distinct, albeit interrelated sets of legal rules. This book provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of these economic, political and security aspects of the relations of the European Union with the rest of the world. It examines their genesis, development and interactions and places them in the specific context of the establishment of the internal market and the broader context of the increasingly interdependent international economic and geopolitical environment. Issues covered include the coexistence of Community and national competence in external relations, the approach of the Court of Justice to international law, the negotiation, conclusion and implementation of international agreements, the relationship between EC and WTO law and the development of the political and security policies of the Union. The book will be of interest to academics, practitioners and students of EU law.

The FATF challenges traditional axioms and patently illustrates the dynamics of the international legal system. This book fills a significant gap in academic literature by studying FATF's legal nature and its responsibilities in the international legal system as an organisation with public authority. It makes a bold argument that the FATF has gradually evolved into an international organisation, addressing international law and international organisation law discourse, combining theory and practice. This book's analytical framework can be applied to any organisation whose legal nature remains undefined, attempting to provide clarity and legal certainty in the international legal system's architecture of the 21st century.

This book discusses contemporary challenges within the law of the sea, a domain of international law extensively codified in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.Given the considerable time elapsed since the convention's adoption and nearly three decades of its implementation, the book analyses the interplay and influence of its provisions on international customary law, as well as to identify issues arising from its application. The book explores and discusses crucial aspects of the law of the sea, addressing challenges and future perspectives related to UNCLOS provisions, such as the delimitation of maritime areas, maritime security, safety, environmental protection, and the implications of advancing technologies, particularly in the realm of unmanned vessels. Additionally, the book delves into recent maritime legal challenges arising from the conflict in Ukraine and the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.The book will be of interest to students and scholars in the field of the law of the sea, international relations and international law.

This book offers a multidisciplinary examination of the international crimes committed in the Russia-Ukraine War, and the challenges of their prosecution and documentation.As the largest international armed conflict in Europe since World War II, Russia's war against Ukraine has provoked strong reactions and questions about the post-1945 world order, the utility of the war, and the effectiveness of international criminal justice. Throughout the chapters in this volume, scholars and legal practitioners from Canada, Germany, Poland, Ukraine, the UK, and the United States present the results of interdisciplinary research, insights from the perspective of other post-communist states, and first-hand expertise from directly working on the documentation and prosecution of these crimes. This offers a broader picture of post-Cold War relations and sheds light on the roots and nature of the war and the importance of regional approaches. The chapters also present some possible responses to the crimes committed in the conflict, with a focus on a victims-centered approach to transitional justice.This volume will be of interest to scholars and students of international criminal and humanitarian law, security studies, peace and conflict studies, and Eastern European history.

This open access volume explores Ukraine's challenges post-war, focusing on economic revival and sustainable development. Addressing scholars, policymakers, and practitioners the book discusses pivotal issues for the rebuilding of Ukraine, such as institutional changes, economic hurdles, social stability, and environmental rejuvenation. The book highlights the inevitable need for Ukraine's institutional transformation, essential for EU and NATO integration. It goes on to examine the global geopolitical and economic repercussions and emphasizes the pivotal role of energy independence in the European landscape. Through a multi-disciplinary lens encompassing political science, economics, and law, this book provides evidence-based insights and policy recommendations. Offering a comprehensive presentation of post-war challenges, it offers an invaluable guide for policymakers and practitioners interested in the complexities of Ukraine's reconstruction. This is an open access book.

Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this practical guide to privacy and data protection law in France covers every aspect of the subject, including the protection of private life as a fundamental – constitutional – right, the application of international and/or regional conventions protecting the right to privacy, privacy rights in the context of electronic communications or at the workplace, and the protection of individuals regarding the processing of personal data relating to them. Following a general introduction about the country, the monograph assembles its information and guidance in two parts: (1) protection of privacy, including national case law regarding the protection of this fundamental right, specific legislation on the confidentiality of interpersonal communications, and sector-specific rules regarding privacy protection, such as privacy rights of employees, patients, consumers or celebrities; (2) personal data protection, including not only general rules on data quality, legitimate processing, data retention, data subject rights, security and accountability, but also specific provisions regarding the processing of health data or other sensitive personal information, further processing for research purposes, exemptions for law enforcement or national security purposes, and rules regarding liabilities, sanctions and redress.

This book addresses a potential radiation incident caused by the war in Ukraine, from an interdisciplinary approach of medical, nuclear safety and security, nuclear research, geostrategic and population's resilience perspectives. The book also address the key role played by NATO in identifying new solutions for stabilizing the region, while also focusing on the emergency preparedness in order to ensure that adequate capabilities and capacity are in place which can be mobilized in response to a radiation emergency.Russia's military invasion in Ukraine is considered the most serious security crisis in Central and Eastern Europe since the end of the Cold War, with major implications for the regional security environment and NATO. Since the very beginning of Russia's illegal military invasion in Ukraine the Heads of State and Government of the member countries of the North Atlantic Alliance condemned the invasion and demand that Russia should stop and withdraw its forces from Ukraine, being deeply concerned that the violence and insecurity in the region caused by Russia are determining a critical humanitarian situation and material destruction all over Ukraine.Moreover, after invading Ukraine, Russian army took control of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, in early March, 2022. Since then, Russian military units guard the facility and, after Russian President Vladimir Putin annexed up to 18% of Ukraine, including the area where the nuclear plant is located, he signed a decree to formalize Russian control over the plant.

The European Yearbook promotes the scientific study of nineteen European supranational organisations and the OECD. Each volume contains a detailed survey of the history, structure and yearly activities of each organisation and an up-to-date chart providing a clear overview of the member states of each organisation.

Juxtaposing perspectives, this insightful book brings together the various dimensions of the relationship between EU law and international law. As the multifaceted interplay between these two legal orders has become increasingly complex with expanding EU policy areas and the development of the EU as a global (normative) actor, this book offers a timely and state-of-the-art contribution to this important field of study.Adopting perspectives from both inside and outside the EU, chapters use international law as a starting point to see how it plays out in the context of EU law as well as vice versa. This work not only reveals the differences between these two legal orders, but also highlights that the EU (and its legal system) is not isolated from international law and follows these rules in its external relations. Wearing the lenses of both international and EU law, it considers the EU and its legal order from an international community viewpoint and assesses the reception and role of EU law in international law.Interactions Between EU Law and International Law presents a unique academic appraisal of the multi-layered interconnections between EU law and international law and provides an invaluable resource for scholars and students of public international law, EU law, international politics and European politics and policy. Its nuanced insights and accessible style will also benefit legal practitioners, policymakers, diplomats and legal advisors dealing with the EU and its Member States – both within the EU and beyond.

This book critically examines the reception and application of the 2011 Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ARIO), assessing their effectiveness and limitations. Adopting a panoptic approach, it explores the theory underlying the concept of responsibility for internationally wrongful acts in ARIO through both doctrinal analysis and practical case studies.The editors have brought together a diverse group of legal experts to analyze various fields in the law of responsibility for international organizations (IOs), including questions of attribution, shared responsibility, the implementation of responsibility, and the progressive development of ARIO rules. The book argues that, despite its rare application, the ARIO are a useful resource for ascertaining the responsibility of IOs in the form of judicial, non-judicial, internal or external control mechanisms. Ultimately, the book demonstrates that the ARIO constitute an authoritative legal source, capable of guiding IOs in reforming their internal law.Providing a variety of empirically-grounded and theoretical perspectives, this book is an excellent resource for researchers, scholars and students of law, arbitration and dispute resolution, public international law and international relations. Readers will also benefit from the applied nature of the text and the book's forward-thinking approach.

This book assesses whether the implementation of transborder interoperable solutions aligns with the European Union's standards and rules on personal data transfer. It specifically examines the principles and values enshrined in the founding Treaties that steer the EU's external activities as a global actor. It will help you understand the privacy and data protection standards the EU must uphold when pursuing its objectives of freedom, security, and justice externally. You'll learn about the limits on the processing of personal data by large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security, and justice, and explore the full scope of the 2019 interoperability regulations, n. 817 and 818. Also, the volume offers a series of diagrams, tables, and figures that will make your reading as smooth as possible.

In this interdisciplinary book, Giulio Allevato explores how the non-fiscal function of the taxing power has contributed to the establishment, consolidation, and maintenance of an effective power to govern in modern nation states. Innovative in its historical approach, this book illustrates how the link between non-budgetary tax policies and state sovereignty continues to play out in the current global landscape.Non-Fiscal Tax Policies and State Sovereignty identifies and analyses certain ‘waves'of regulatory and redistributive tax policies whose enactment or discussion has presented similar features among several nation states. Allevato discusses how these non-fiscal tax policies played a decisive role in the establishment of full state sovereignty, namely by favouring nation states built on centralized governments and consolidating their ruling powers. Ultimately, Allevato assesses how an internationally and supranationally coordinated use of the taxing power's non-fiscal function continues to play a decisive role in the ability of national governments to effectively exercise their authority against the emergence of a sort of ‘corporate feudalism'.This insightful book is a crucial resource for students and scholars of international tax law, tax policy and legal history. It is also beneficial to political scientists interested in the development of modern nation states and on the role of taxation in this.

This book addresses the regulation of hybrid warfare under relevant branches of international law, beginning with the law on inter-state use of force (jus ad bellum).Firstly, the book assesses the extent to which forms of hybrid warfare comply with or violate international humanitarian law/the law of armed conflict. It then looks at law enforcement action in response to hybrid warfare, both on land and on the high seas, and addresses hybrid warfare from the perspective of international counterterrorism law. It goes on to tackle the constraints applied to hybrid warfare under international human rights law, and looks at how hybrid warfare could be constrained under disarmament law. The final two chapters look at accountability for the conduct of hybrid warfare, concluding with the question: can we move towards a less fragmented set of international legal rules that will govern hybrid warfare in the future?

The breadth and depth of the scholarship of Marise Cremona is honoured in this collection of essays written by her colleagues and friends.Taking Cremona's field-defining research as a point of reference, this collection of research articles examines the power of law in EU external relations. Echoing the expansive scope of Cremona's intellectual enquiries across the growing and diversifying field of external relations law, this volume offers new insights into the principles and procedures that underlie this area of law; the role and responsibilities of the EU as an international actor; and the strategies and instruments through which the Union pursues its external agenda.Spanning the analysis of foundational concepts and more contemporary interventions in respect of the environment, human rights, foreign direct investment and even Brexit, what emerges from this collection is a richly conceptualised and clear examination of the multiple ways in which the power of law captures or eludes the EU's construction of a domain of external relations; a domain in which the EU interacts not only with its Member States but also other subjects of the international legal order.

Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this very useful analysis of constitutional law in Cyprus provides essential information on the country's sources of constitutional law, its form of government, and its administrative structure. Lawyers who handle transnational matters will appreciate the clarifications of particular terminology and its application. Throughout the book, the treatment emphasizes the specific points at which constitutional law affects the interpretation of legal rules and procedure. Thorough coverage by a local expert fully describes the political system, the historical background, the role of treaties, legislation, jurisprudence, and administrative regulations. The discussion of the form and structure of government outlines its legal status, the jurisdiction and workings of the central state organs, the subdivisions of the state, its decentralized authorities, and concepts of citizenship. Special issues include the legal position of aliens, foreign relations, taxing and spending powers, emergency laws, the power of the military, and the constitutional relationship between church and state. Details are presented in such a way that readers who are unfamiliar with specific terms and concepts in varying contexts will fully grasp their meaning and significance. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable time-saving tool for both practising and academic jurists. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Cyprus will welcome this guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative constitutional law.

This comprehensive and insightful Research Handbook addresses the interpretation of international solidarity within topical legal regimes and regional systems, as well as in relation to decolonization and the concepts of Ummah and Ubuntu. It examines the way in which international solidarity enables the global community to respond to intercontinental challenges, including climate change, forced migration, health emergencies, and inequality. The Research Handbook on International Solidarity and the Law analyzes the scope of international solidarity in relation to human rights and duties, in particular the need to safeguard transnational civic spaces to promote emancipatory strategies for marginalized groups. Contributors examine Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) and gender perspectives, explore regional interpretations and applications, and address topical areas such as peace, development, trade law, migration, anti-corruption, corporate sustainability, law of the sea, digital technology law, and energy law. In addition, the Research Handbook highlights how the phenomenon of polarization and decoupling across the world underscores the need for institutional reform to build international solidarity. Providing discussions on the need to support transnational civil society solidarity newtworks, this Research Handbook will be an essential resource for students, scholars, policymakers, and practitioners of human rights law, international affairs, public international law, and peace and security law..

The aim of the Hague Yearbook of International Law is to offer a platform for review of new developments in the field of international law. In addition, it devotes attention to developments in the international law institutions based in the international City of Peace and Justice, The Hague. This Special Issue of Yearbook stems from a conference organised by the Maastricht University Study Group for Critical Approaches to International Law in April 2022. The conference, entitled'Deconstructing International Law,'invited participants to reflect on and dismantle some of the foundational ideas of international law.

Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this practical analysis of the structure, competence, and management of the African Union (AU) provides substantial and readily accessible information for lawyers, academics, and policymakers likely to have dealings with its activities and data. No other book gives such a clear, uncomplicated description of the organization's role, its rules and how they are applied, its place in the framework of international law, or its relations with other organizations. The monograph proceeds logically from the organization's genesis and historical development to the structure of its membership, its various organs and their mandates, its role in intergovernmental cooperation, and its interaction with decisions taken at the national level. Its competence, its financial management, and the nature and applicability of its data and publications are fully described. Systematic in presentation, this valuable time-saving resource offers the quickest, easiest way to acquire a sound understanding of the workings of the African Union (AU) for all interested parties. Students and teachers of international law will find it especially valuable as an essential component of the rapidly growing and changing global legal milieu.

In this thoroughly updated second edition of what has quickly become the definitive text in the field of international humanitarian law (IHL), leading expert Marco Sassòli evaluates the application of IHL, the way in which hostilities should be conducted against an adversary, and the pertinence of traditional distinctions, such as that between international and non-international armed conflicts or civilians and combatants. Drawing on the author's practical experience to provide unique and invaluable insights, the second edition discusses the rules protecting certain categories of persons, including prisoners of war, as well as governing different types of conduct of hostilities and the difficulties in determining whether a destruction was unlawful. Significantly, the edition takes the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine into account, discussing what remains of neutrality, defending the strict separation between the prohibition of aggression and the humanitarian rules to be respected by both sides, which must however be nuanced in the field of naval warfare. New sections explore IHL in relation to persons with disabilities, sieges and humanitarian corridors, the role of the media, IHL in outer space, and the concept of meaningful human control over lethal autonomous weapons systems. Structured in a clear and accessible manner, this new edition is essential reading for all students and scholars of international humanitarian law, as well as those in human rights, and public international law. For military practitioners and NGO lawyers, as well as those working in intergovernmental organizations, this is simply a must-have resource.

The starting point of this book is the generally shared observation that in violence-torn areas of limited statehood, the civilian population is often subject to deliberate attacks. This violence often escalates to core crimes such as war crimes, crimes against humanity and even genocide. The International Criminal Court (ICC) could potentially deter such crimes. In order to do so, it largely depends on the cooperation of the states on the territory of which alleged core criminals operate. Since such states are often unwilling or unable to cooperate, the book explores whether the ICC could instead seek assistance from international forces such as UN peace support operations, UN-mandated missions, and belligerent occupants.The book covers, on the one hand, the law and practice of the UN Security Council with regard to mandating international forces to arrest and transfer alleged offenders to the ICC or to other international courts. On the other, it addresses to what extent international forces may or must hand alleged offenders over to the ICC, regardless of such mandates. More precisely, the book examines whether the duties to prosecute genocide, torture, enforced disappearance, grave breaches and other war crimes apply extraterritorially and – if so – whether international forces can discharge these duties by transferring suspects to the ICC.At the same time, the book addresses the limitations to such extraterritorial action: firstly, to what extent the prohibition of the use of force and the principle of territorial sovereignty restrict extraterritorial deprivations of liberty and transfer to the ICC. Secondly, it explores the restrictions and permissions that the law of occupation and other norms of international humanitarian law impose on such apprehensions and transfers. Finally, it discusses how international forces can uphold the right to liberty and security as well as the principle of non-refoulementwhen they extraterritorially apprehend ICC suspects. This also reflects the book's relevance with regard to the more general debate on the extraterritorial application of human rights.

This book showcases Nigerian and South African experiences on space politics, policy and strategy vis-à-vis their development and security aspirations, while contributing to the broader African and the Global-South perspectives on the subject. Space policy in developing countries such as Nigeria and South Africa is motivated by utilitarian promises that space and the attendant technologies have the potential to advance development and security interests of the affected nations. However, several decades into the orbital journey of these countries, little is known of their space politics, policies, strategies, capacities and capabilities, and realisation of desired objectives. Beyond pure and applied sciences reductionism, this book offers social science perspectives on space studies in Africa, as it examines the intricate relationships of historical, geographical, social, demographic, economic, political, administrative, and strategic factors, nationally, regionally and globally thathave shaped research and development of space science and technologies, and their benefits, in Nigeria and South Africa.

Collective self-defence can be defined as the use of military force by one or more states to aid another state that is an innocent victim of armed attack. However, it is a legal justification that is open to abuse and its exercise risks escalating conflict. Recent years have seen an unprecedented increase in the number of collective self-defence claims. It has been the main basis for US-led action in Syria (2014-) and was advanced by Russia in relation to its full-scale invasion of Ukraine (2022-). Yet there still has been little analysis of collective self-defence in international law. This book crucially progresses the debate on various fundamental and under-explored questions about the conceptual nature of collective self-defence and the requirements for its operation. Green provides the most detailed and extensive account of collective self-defence to date, at a time when it is being invoked more than ever before.

The Routledge Handbook of Transatlantic Relations is an essential and comprehensive reference for the regulation of transatlantic relations across a range of subjects, bringing together contributions from scholars, policy makers, lawyers and political scientists. Future oriented in a range of fields, it probes the key technical, procedural and policy issues for the US of dealing with, negotiating, engaging and law-making with the EU, taking a broad interdisciplinary perspective including international relations, politics, political economic and law, EU external relations law and international law and assesses the external consequences of transatlantic relations in a systematic and comprehensive fashion.The transatlantic relationship constitutes one of the most established and far-reaching democratic alliances globally, and which has propelled multilateralism, trade regulation and the EU-US relationship in global challenges. The different contributions will propose solutions to overcome these problems and help us understand the shifting transatlantic agenda in diverse areas from human rights, to trade, and security, and the capacity of the transatlantic relationship to set new international agendas, standards and rules. The Routledge Handbook of Transatlantic Relations will be a key reference for scholars, students and practitioners of Transatlantic Relations/EU-US relations, EU External Relations law, EU rule-making, EU Security law and more broadly to global governance, International law, international political economy and international relations.

This book provides an ambitious assessment of the increasing importance of case law in the field of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice on the evolution of EU law.In recent years the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) has occupied an increasingly prominent place in the working of the European Union and by extension the Court of Justice (CJEU). Over three parts the book looks at the framework of the AFSJ, its workings, and finally the impact of EU law upon it. The collection provides remarkable insights into the growing importance of the AFSJ and how EU law has evolved in light of this.

EU Criminal Law, Policing, and Civil Law offers comprehensive coverage and expert analysis of every facet of EU Justice and Home Affairs Law concerning policing, criminal law, and cross-border civil cooperation. Fully updated to include the latest legislation and case law, this volume includes discussion of Europol, Eurojust, the European Public Prosecutor, fair trials laws, the European Arrest Warrant, the European Investigation Order, transfer of prisoners, EU rules on double jeopardy, exchange of policing information, interception of telecoms, and cross-border cooperation on civil cases. It also fully explains the EU's relationship with the UK in this field after Brexit, as well as the EU's arrangements with other non-EU countries. Steve Peers'seminal text, EU Justice and Home Affairs Law, appears in its fifth edition and is available in two separate volumes covering asylum and immigration law and criminal law, policing, and civil law. This edition is the definitive guide to these intricate, contentious, and fast-developing areas of EU law, and will be invaluable to scholars, practitioners, and students in the field.

This book provides a detailed theoretical and practical analysis of a key concept in cooperation, namely mutual trust, in the EU and ASEAN regions. It particularly looks at the issue of counterterrorism. It analyses the differences in the legalistic approach of the EU and the consultation and consensus-based approach in the ASEAN region, and the correlation between mutual trust and regional and interregional cooperation against terrorism. Thereby, this book extends the well-known concept of counterterrorism in EU criminal law to another regional case in order to analyse its possible use and operationalisation in other regions. It provides important findings on whether and, if so, how the EU and ASEAN legal frameworks have facilitated intra-regional – and potentially interregional – cooperation. In order to measure trust, it focuses on information sharing, and discusses the terminology related to this matter, the mechanisms of cooperation, and the difficulties and successes of information sharing. This book is of great interest for academics doing research on trust, transnational cooperation, regional counterterrorism legal architecture in the EU and ASEAN, and comparative legal regional and interregional analysis, and officials and practitioners involved in transnational cooperation in criminal matters, especially terrorism.

The second edition of The EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights: A Commentary provides an article-by-article summary of the TEU, the TFEU, and the Charter of Fundamental Rights, to reflect the latest developments in the law since publication of the first edition in 2019. It offers a quick reference to the provisions of the treaties, how they are interpreted and applied in practice, and to the most important legal instruments enacted on their basis. The fully-updated Commentary considers key developments in all areas of EU law, including the debates and requirements around the Rule of Law, legal decisions in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic, climate change measures such as the European Green Deal, as well as recent changes to the Common Agricultural Policy. It also includes significant court rulings on freedom, security and justice, migration and asylum, as well as issues relating to freedom of movement and Brexit. The new edition outlines the Digital Markets Act, a major piece of legislation adopted in 2022 and contains significant updates on EU competition law in the light of new Regulations and Guidelines. Written by a team of contributors drawn from the Legal Service of the European Commission and from academia, the Commentary offers expert guidance to practitioners and academics seeking fast access to the Treaties, secondary law, and current practice. The Commentary follows a set structure, offering a short overview of the Article, the Article text itself, a key references list including essential case law and legislation, followed by a structured commentary on the Article. The editors and contributors combine experience in practice with a strong academic background and have published widely on a variety of EU law subjects.

Redefining EU Membership examines the issue of Membership within the European Union (EU) today by focusing on differentiation in and outside the EU. The Treaty on European Union unequivocally declares that the contracting parties are the Member States of the EU. However, a closer examination casts some doubt of the unitary status of Member States, or at least suggests that the concept requires nuancing. Whilst diversity, and to some extent differentiation, have been part and parcel of the European integration process since its inception, Redefining EU Membership proposes that, considering several developments, a new reflection on membership within the EU and on differentiation in and outside the EU is required. The volume's contributions are organized around four aspects of the tensions faced by the concept of a unitary and formal EU membership: first, an examination of key policy areas which have already witnessed various forms of differentiated integration; second, an analysis of'special statuses'within the EU; third, important examples of non-Member States in which EU law is applied (with and without their participation in the EU's decision-making process); and fourth, the situation of states under accession or secession procedures which obliges them to accept EU norms and policies even prior to/after formal membership. These analyses are complemented by a reflection on the concept of membership in itself. In a context in which EU enlargement appears likely, the provided analysis reflects on the need to expand and introduce several kinds of membership to the EU in the future.

Der Einzug des Souveränitätsbegriffs in Debatten um die geopolitische Behauptung und rechtliche Weiterentwicklung der Europäischen Union ist kein Zufall. In den Krisenlandschaften des 21. Jahrhunderts steht das Zuhöchstsein der Souveränität für Letztentscheidung, Selbstbestimmung, Gestaltungsmacht und legitime Autorität. Doch in welchem politischen und rechtlichen Umfang ist die Europäische Union heute - in ihrem Innenverhältnis zu den Mitgliedstaaten wie auch in ihren Außenbeziehungen - tatsächlich von Souveränität geprägt? Diese Frage nach der Souveränität der Union ist dabei stets auch die Frage nach ihrer (zukünftigen) inneren Struktur und Rolle in der internationalen Gemeinschaft. Elf Rechtswissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler leuchten die Orte und Bedeutungsebenen Europäischer Souveränität in ihren Grundlagen wie auch für zentrale Politikbereiche umfassend aus. Dabei formt sich ein Bild des Erreichten, weiterer Potenziale, von Grenzen und Desiderata Europäischer Souveränität.

International law is usually conservative, with lawyers and judges emphasizing consistency, stability and predictability as the major advantages of the law. Legal scholars often prefer not to challenge the status quo, to suggest amendments, or to reform institutions, advocating simply to focus on the implementation of the laws that already exist. This collection stands different. It shares the authors'discomfort with the present legal order and some of its institutions and courts, and dives into either a corrective or a profound reimagination of these, so that they can better address rising global challenges. Leading experts in their areas present their new and cutting-edge perspectives. Divided into six parts, the volume paints a vast yet solid thematic landscape of unique and critical approaches. The book invites and allows for a deep engagement with a wide range of opinions from across the world. It enables a free and courageous reimagining of the international legal order, detached from the endless feasibility skepticism. The work will be fascinating reading for students, academics and researchers working in the areas of International Law and International Relations.

Can the EU be held legally responsible for its contributions to human rights harms in its Integrated Border Management policy? Or do systemic legal design flaws in the EU's human rights responsibility regime give rise to a significant responsibility gap?This book delves into these pressing questions, offering a transversal analysis of applicable legal frameworks under international and EU law. Divided into three parts, the book first analyses the international and EU human rights responsibility frameworks, revealing both'normative incongruency'as well as'liability incongruency'. Part two applies these frameworks to specific illustrations within the four tiers of the EU's Integrated Border Management, exposing the critical points where responsibility falters. Building on these findings and drawing from shared responsibility and relationality theories, part three briefly introduces'Relational Human Rights Responsibility'as an alternative method to ascertaining human rights responsibility of the EU specifically, and international organisations more generally.

This new edition of an immensely useful book follows the same proven format as its predecessors, updates its analysis of case law with hundreds of new decisions by the courts of the European Union (EU), and thus remains the quickest source of reference for practitioners working with EU State aid matters. Following a highly organized sequence of subject headings, it presents extracts from all judgments and orders of both the Court of Justice and the General Court of the EU on the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) rules on State aids. The book covers the relevant case law of both courts. There is additional material on many subjects, among which the concept of State aid, direct taxation and the State aid provisions, particularly on tax rulings, advantages for undertakings, selectivity, forms of State aid, procedures and unlawful aids. With this book, practitioners will quickly find relevant paragraphs and full citations regarding all issues raised by Articles 107–109 TFEU, including the following and much more: territorial scope of State aids; Article 107(1) European Commission and World Trade Organization Agreements; conditions for categorizing a national measure as State aid; free movement of goods; undertakings; private versus public investment; justification of selective measures; interstate trade and competition; tax measures; restructuring aids; procedural aspects; and locus standi of trade associations. In many areas, the extracts relate to points of the judgments which are not or only partially covered in official summaries. For accessibility of this case law, this updated edition of the preeminent analysis of EU State aid case law has no peers. Practitioners in this key area of EU competition law will find this book indispensable.

Providing a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the legal approach to key areas of law within different legal systems, this book offers a blueprint for comparative legal study by evaluating the current epistemological debate on comparative law and comparative legal research methods.Substantive law, the law of obligations, commercial and corporate law within the major legal systems of the world are all examined and compared. While France and Germany are generally used as the archetypal civil law jurisdictions and English law as the main common law comparator, this third edition also examines the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet era and socialist legal influences as well as non-Western legal traditions. Fully updated and revised to include all recent developments, this edition also includes a broad historical introduction and outlines changes in EC Law.It assesses the possibility of Europeanization of national legal systems and certain legal topics, the impact of the globalization of legal institutions and the evolving'new world order'in the early twenty-first century.Written in a clear, user-friendly style, Comparative Law in a Changing World is an accessible source for undergraduates and postgraduates wishing to trace the influence of common law and civil law legal traditions on jurisdictions across the world.

The debate about the relationship between international and community law usually centres on the question of which of these two `belongs'to the other, and how `special'community legal order is in relation to international law. In this volume, a distinguished group of Finnish and British academics and practitioners break new ground by, instead of becoming mired in these questions, clearly examining the international law aspects of the activities of the Community and the Union. In doing so, they have elucidated points of connection and possible points of conflict. The result is a thought-provoking collection of essays which examines community law through the conceptual grid of international law, and thus enriches our understanding of the workings of both.

This book explores multidisciplinary perspectives on critical issues in space from the viewpoints of New Zealand and other nations. It brings together the topics examined at the Otago Foreign Policy School 2022 by both domestic and international experts in the area of space, and includes the opening address on space policy delivered by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. This book takes a multidisciplinary approach to New Zealand's growing space sector in conjunction with other nations'perspectives on space. It encompasses space science, military and defence matters, space tourism and astronaut rescue, and international legal and policy frameworks, while taking into account future considerations. Readers such as academics, students, policy advisers, diplomats, government officials and others engaged in the field of space will find value in this book. It will appeal to think tanks and international institutions grappling with the complexities that are presented by the outer space domain.