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La paz en la comunidad internacional es para Hans Kelsen una meta alcanzable por medio del derecho. Para lograr ese ansiado fin resulta fundamental limitar drásticamente las posibilidades del uso ilegítimo, pero también legítimo, de la guerra, o mejor aún, sustituir definitivamente ese instrumento primitivo de resolución de conflictos por una jurisdicción internacional capaz de hacer hablar el lenguaje del derecho frente al lenguaje de la fuerza. En los cinco escritos recogidos en este libro se puede observar nítidamente la evolución de la apuesta kelseniana por una justicia internacional en el recorrido que va desde 1934, cuando todavía no había estallado el gran conflicto bélico, hasta 1947, pasados ya los juicios de Núremberg. El lector comprobará cómo el sucederse de los acontecimientos históricos convulsiona la teoría pura del derecho y la somete a una de sus más duras pruebas. Los juicios celebrados entre 1945 y 1946, ¿suponen la culminación de la teoría kelseniana del derecho internacional o, más bien, la constatación de su fracaso? El estudio introductorio, a cargo de Cristina García Pascual y Jose Antonio García Sáez, ofrece claves de lectura para intentar responder a esta pregunta y profundizar en la compleja relación entre Kelsen y los procesos de Núremberg.

Las tensiones de distinta naturaleza constituyen una constante de las relaciones internacionales a las que el Derecho internacional ha de ofrecer una respuesta que pondere los distintos intereses en juego, en particular, los de los Estados celosos de su poder soberano y los de los individuos como ciudadanos cuyos derechos y libertades son reconocidos por un sistema jurídico que no puede resultar ajeno a las nuevas realidades socio-históricas y a los valores imperantes que definen la sociedad internacional del siglo XXI. Para testar tales tensiones basta con examinar algunas decisiones jurisprudenciales decisivas (y polémicas) que inciden sobre la colisión entre soberanía y derechos humanos, así como analizar las zonas grises en que se sitúan ciertos conflictos de la actualidad internacional. La jurisprudencia define aspectos esenciales del Derecho internacional pero no desconoce en modo alguno los componentes básicos de la realidad internacional. En esta monografía, que se abre con una reflexión introductoria sobre la jurisprudencia internacional y los principios esenciales del Derecho internacional, se inciden acerca del estado actual de la inmunidad de los jefes (y ex jefes) de Estado y de gobierno, de la protección diplomática y la responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado tras la jurisprudencia dictada en el asunto Couso, así como sobre el alcance de la prohibición de las devoluciones en caliente a la luz de la doctrina de la conducta culpable en el asunto N.D. y N.T. contra España ante el TEDH. Asimismo, desde la perspectiva laboral se analiza el derecho a la desconexión digital en el ámbito de la Unión Europea, para concluir la obra con una revisión desde las relaciones internacionales del concepto de conflicto en la zona gris. Como indica el profesor Diaz Barrado en su introducción, «hoy más que nunca, resulta preciso afianzar las reglas jurídicas sin debilitar los compromisos políticos que existen en la comunidad internacional y, con ello, toca decidir con toda claridad cuáles son los principios básicos que deben regir las relaciones internacionales y que conformarían definitivamente el esquema constitucional del orden internacional contemporáneo».

The Global Community Yearbook on International Law and Jurisprudence is a one-stop resource for all researchers studying international law generally or international tribunals specifically. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative source of reference on global legal issues and international jurisprudence. It includes analysis of the most significant global trends in a way that allows readers to monitor the development of the global legal order from several perspectives. The Global Community Yearbook publishes annually in a volume of carefully chosen primary source material and corresponding expert commentary. The general editor, Professor Emeritus Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo, employs her vast expertise in international law to select excerpts from important court opinions and to choose experts from around the world to contribute essay-guides, which illuminate those cases. Although the main focus is recent case law from the major international tribunals and regional courts, the first four parts of each year's edition features expert articles by renowned scholars who address broader themes in current and future developments in international law and global policy, themes that appear throughout the case law of the many courts covered by the series as a whole. The Global Community Yearbook has thus become not just an indispensable window to recent jurisprudence: the series now also serves to prepare researchers for the issues facing emerging global law. The 2021 edition updates readers on the important work of long-standing international tribunals and introduces readers to more novel topics in international law. The Yearbook continues to provide expert coverage of the Court of Justice of the European Union and diverse tribunals from the International Court of Justice, human rights courts (ECtHR, IACtHR, ACtHPR), criminal tribunals such as the International Criminal Court and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, to economically based tribunals such as ICSID and the WTO dispute settlement system. In addition to an in memoriam to Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade, this edition contains original research articles on the development and analysis of the concept of global law and the views of the leading global law theorists on the subject of globalization, as well as a special section which provides a study of migratory flows between Colombia and Venezuela and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact the COVID-19 has had on China's Belt and Road Initiative. The Yearbook provides students, scholars, and practitioners alike a valuable combination of expert discussion and direct quotes from the court opinions to which that discussion relates, as well as an annual overview of the process of cross-fertilization between international courts and tribunals. This publication can also be purchased on a standing order basis.

This book deals with all the cases that came before the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) from 1922 to 1946, as well as those that were heard by its successor, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) from 1946 to 2020 in which interim measures of protection were either indicated or refused. The monograph shows how cases in which injunctive relief was sought were handled and how the PCIJ and the ICJ have undergone certain reforms over the years. The new approach taken by the author is to present all the matters brought before both the PCIJ and ICJ in full and to present the new requirements on the part of the ICJ that have been formulated in recent years. The book is aimed at law students, lecturers and those working in the field of international law.Ewa Sałkiewicz-Munnerlyn was a Polish diplomat working for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 2018. She was appointed charge d'affaires at the Polish Embassy to the Holy See from 1993-1994, after which she served as the Polish consul at the Consular Division of the Polish Embassy in Washington D.C. from 1995-1999. She then held the position of Human Rights Officer of the OSCE in Macedonia (Skopje and Ohrid) and Bosnia and Hercegovina (Pale in Republika Srbska) from 2001-2005 and has also several times worked as a short-term observer of the OSCE during parliamentary and presidential elections in Ukraine, Russia, Moldova and Belarus. She attained a Ph.D. at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland and a post-graduate diploma at the Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationales in Geneva, Switzerland.

This book analyses the features and functionality of the relationship between the law, individual or collective values and medical-scientific evidence when they have to be interpreted by judges, courts and para-jurisdictional bodies. The various degrees to which scientific data and moral values have been integrated into the legal discourse reveal the need for a systematic review of the options and solutions that judges have elaborated on. In turn, the book presents a systematic approach, based on a proposed pattern for classifying these various degrees, together with an in-depth analysis of the multi-layered role of jurisdictions and the means available to them for properly handling new legal demands arising in plural societies.The book outlines a model that makes it possible to focus on and address these issues in a sustainable manner, that is, to respond to individual requests and technological advances in the field of biolaw by consistently and effectively applying suitable legal instruments and jurisdictional interpretation.

En esta publicación se analiza la vertiente de la integridad territorial del derecho a la libre determinación de los pueblos suscitada ante la CIJ en el asunto del archipiélago de Chagos, no como un límite de los pueblos a su autodeterminación, sino como un presupuesto ineludible de la plenitud del ejercicio que implica esta norma de ius cogens. Asimismo, y tomando como referencia al grupo Hezbollah y su función orgánica dentro del Estado del Líbano, se examina la concepción y aplicación del Derecho internacional desde una perspectiva “no occidental”; y bajo la cobertura de las últimas resoluciones del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas (en particular, la Resolución 2178 de 2014), también se procede al análisis de la incidencia de estas en las políticas nacionales y europeas en materia de refugio, asilo y retorno de personas desde los escenarios de la guerra contra el Daesh en Siria e Irak: el cariz securitario se impone a las exigencias derivadas de los derechos humanos y del Estado de derecho. La evolución de la práctica del asilo diplomático en nuestros días (con especial referencia a los supuestos de Julian Assange y al “huésped diplomático” Leopoldo López); la supervisión de la Lex sportiva, como ordenamiento jurídico autocontenido, bajo el prisma del TEDH y del derecho a un recurso equitativo; así como la primera sentencia de la CPI sobre el crimen de guerra relativo a la destrucción del patrimonio histórico y su reparación, son otros de los relevantes temas objeto del presente libro.Los autores Berta Alam Pérez, Elena C. Díaz Galán, Francisco Jiménez García, Elena Pineros Polo y Julia Ropero Carrasco son profesores de la URJC.

The Global Community Yearbook is a one-stop resource for all researchers studying international law generally or international tribunals specifically. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative source of reference on global legal issues and international jurisprudence. It includes analysis of the most significant global trends in a way that allows readers to monitor the development of the global legal order from several perspectives. The Global Community Yearbook publishes annually in a volume of carefully chosen primary source material and corresponding expert commentary. The general editor, Professor Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo, employs her vast expertise in international law to select excerpts from important court opinions and to choose experts from around the world to contribute essay-guides, which illuminate those cases. Although the main focus is recent case law from the major international tribunals and regional courts, the first four parts of each year's edition features expert articles by renowned scholars who address broader themes in current and future developments in international law and global policy, themes that appear throughout the case law of the many courts covered by the series as a whole. The Global Community Yearbook has thus become not just an indispensable window to recent jurisprudence: the series now also serves to prepare researchers for the issues facing emerging global law. The 2017 edition of The Global Community Yearbook both updates readers on the important work of long-standing international tribunals and introduces readers to more novel topics in international law. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative resource for research and guidance on the jurisprudence of both UN-based tribunals and regional courts. The 2017 edition continues to provide expert coverage of the Court of Justice of the European Union and diverse tribunals from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to criminal tribunals such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to economically based tribunals such as ICSID and the WTO Dispute Resolution panel. This edition contains original research articles on the development and analysis of the concept of global law and the views of the global law theorists. It also includes expert introductory essays by prominent scholars in the realm of international law, on topics as diverse and current as the erosion of the postwar liberal global order by national populism and the accompanying disorder in global politics, a bifurcated global nuclear order due to the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and the Nuclear Weapons Prohibition Treaty, and the expansion of the principle of no-impunity and its application to serious violations of social and economic rights. New to the 2017 edition, the author of the article in Recent Lines of International Thought will now talk about their own work as a Scholar/Judge. In addition, this edition memorializes the late M. Cherif Baasiouni. The Yearbook provides students, scholars, and practitioners alike a valuable combination of expert discussion and direct quotes from the court opinions to which that discussion relates, as well as an annual overview of the process of cross-fertilization between international courts and tribunals and a section focusing on the thought of leading international law scholars on the subject of the globalization. This publication can also be purchased on a standing order basis.

This book seeks to re-appreciate the concept of customary international law as a form of spontaneous societal self-organisation, and to develop the methodological consequences that ensue from this conception for the practice of its application. In pursuing this aim, the author draws from three different strands of scholarship that have not yet been considered in connection with one another: First, general jurisprudential theories of customary law; second, theories of customary international law, especially as they relate to international relations scholarship; and third, methodological approaches to the interpretation of international law. This expansive, philosophical layout of the book enables the author to put the conceptual enigmas of customary international law into a broader perspective.Among the issues discussed in the book are the dichotomy of its traditional and modern forms and the respective benefits and disadvantages of inductive and deductive approaches to its ascertainment. In the course of this analysis, the author draws insights from Friedrich August Hayek's theory of law as a ‘spontaneous order', an information-processing device which enables the participants of a legal system to make use of decentralised knowledge. The book argues that the major advantage of custom as a source of international law lies in the fact that it is the result of a gradual process of trial and error, rather than the product of deliberate planning. This makes it a particularly apposite source of law in a time of seismic shifts in the distribution of power within a vastly diverse community of States, when a new global order is expected to emerge, the contours of which are not yet clearly discernible.This book applies general concepts of legal philosophy to explain the continuing relevance of custom as a source of international law while at the same time inferring from this theoretical framework concrete practical and methodological consequences, the most important of which is the special role that purposive interpretation plays with respect to rules of international custom. Given this broad approach, the book will be of interest to several groups of potential readers including academics interested in the philosophy of customary law in general, academic international lawyers and legal practitioners, especially judges, scholars of international relations and all those interested in how the international community of States organises itself.

Conventionally, international legal scholarship concerned with norm conflicts focuses on identifying how international law can or should resolve them. This book adopts a different approach. It focuses on identifying those norm conflicts that law cannot and should not resolve. The book offers an unprecedented, controversial, yet sophisticated, argument in favour of construing such irresolvable conflicts as legal dilemmas. Legal dilemmas exist when a legal actor confronts a conflict between at least two legal norms that cannot be avoided or resolved. Addressing both academics and practitioners, the book aims to identify the character and consequences of legal dilemmas, to distil their legal function within the sphere of international law, and to encourage serious theoretical and practical investigation into the conditions that lead to a legal dilemma. The first part proposes a definition of legal dilemmas and distinguishes the term from numerous related concepts. Based on this definition, the second part scrutinises international law's contemporary norm conflict resolution and accommodation devices in order to identify their limited ability to resolve certain kinds of norm conflicts. Against the background of the limits identified in the second part, the third part outlines and evaluates the book's proposed method of dealing with legal dilemmas. In contrast to conventional approaches that recommend dealing with irresolvable norm conflicts by means of non liquet declarations, judicial law-making, or a balancing test, the book's proposal envisions that irresolvable norm conflicts are dealt with by judicial and sovereign actors in a complementary fashion. Judicial actors should openly acknowledge irresolvable conflicts and sovereign actors should decide with which norm they will comply. The book concludes with the argument that analysing various aspects of international law through the concept of a legal dilemma enhances its conceptual accuracy, facilitates more legitimate decision-making, and maintains its dynamic responsiveness.

The Global Community Yearbook is a one-stop resource for all researchers studying international law generally or international tribunals specifically. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative source of reference on global legal issues and international jurisprudence. It includes analysis of the most significant global trends in a way that allows readers to monitor the development of the global legal order from several perspectives. The Global Community Yearbook publishes annually in a volume of carefully chosen primary source material and corresponding expert commentary. The general editor, Professor Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo, employs her vast expertise in international law to select excerpts from important court opinions and to choose experts from around the world to contribute essay-guides, which illuminate those cases. Although the main focus is recent case law from the major international tribunals and regional courts, the first four parts of each year's edition features expert articles by renowned scholars who address broader themes in current and future developments in international law and global policy, themes that appear throughout the case law of the many courts covered by the series as a whole. The Global Community Yearbook has thus become not just an indispensable window to recent jurisprudence: the series now also serves to prepare researchers for the issues facing emerging global law. The 2015 edition of The Global Community Yearbook both updates readers on the important work of long-standing international tribunals and introduces readers to more novel topics in international law. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative resource for research and guidance on the jurisprudence of both U.N.-based tribunals and regional courts. The 2015 edition continues to provide expert coverage of the Court of Justice of the European Union, and diverse tribunals from the criminal tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to economically based tribunals such as ICSID and the WTO Dispute Resolution panel. This edition includes expert introductory essays by prominent scholars in the realm of international law, on topics as diverse and current as the fusion of eastern and western civil disobedience to the concept of jus cogens. Included in the 2015 edition, researchers will find detailed guidance on a rich diversity of legal topics, from the concept of universal jurisdiction over international crimes and the increased push for transparency in resolution of international economic disputes to the issue of religion and multiculturalism in Europe through a focus on Islam. This edition also provides students, scholars, and practitioners alike a valuable combination of expert discussion and direct quotes from the court opinions to which that discussion relates. This publication can also be purchased on a standing order basis.

Presents a beautiful vision of how we could change our structures and order to give us a new role on Earth - one that will protect the natural world, rather than destroy it.We are rapidly destroying our only habitat, Earth. It is becoming clear that many of the treaties, laws and policies concluded in recent years have failed to slow down, let alone halt or reverse, this process. The concept of introducing a wild law has been seminal in informing and inspiring the global movement to recognise rights for Nature – a movement destined to shape the twenty-first century as significantly as the human rights movements shaped the twentieth century. Written by environmental attorney, Cormac Cullinan, Wild Law outlines an Earth-centred approach to re-ordering human societies (Earth jurisprudence). It is a manifest on how we can conserve biological and cultural diversity, animal rights and welfare, and green spirituality by rediscovering a role for our species within the Earth community. After all, we have no future without our wonderful planet. Fusing together politics, legal theory, quantum physics and ancient wisdom into a fascinating and hopeful story, Wild Law reveals how the governance systems of today legitimise and promote the disastrous exploitation and destruction of Earth. Cormac explains how to begin transforming our systems to ensure that the pursuit of human well-being enhances the beauty, health and diversity of Earth instead of diminishing it.Wild Law is an inspiring and stimulating book for anyone who cares about Earth and is concerned about the direction in which the human species is moving.

What this book intends to do is to study three-dimensionalism (the distinction values-norms-facts) not in what could be called its historical dimension, but in its substantive aspect, as a “form” that, when applied to different legal themes, would add a “material content” to the three-dimensional theory. We can point out, as a study plan, the distinction between “three” perspectives: Those of the legal norm, of the legal order, and the legal relationship. Three-dimensionalism also appears in this work when one analyzes the “three” phases of the life of the law: The formation, the interpretation, and the application; and in the distinction between the “three” characteristics of the legal order: Fullness, coherence, and unity—the theory of legal validity, intended as legitimacy, as validity strictly speaking, or as effectiveness.

International lawyers have often been interested in the link between their discipline and the foundational issues of jurisprudential method, but little that is systematic has been written on this subject. In this book, an attempt is made to fill this gap by focusing on issues of concept-formation in legal science in general with a view to their application to the specific concerns of international law. In responding to these issues, the author argues that public international law seeks to establish and institutionalise a system of authoritative judgment whereby the conditions by which a community of states can co-exist and co-operate are ensured. A state, in turn, must be understood as ultimately deriving legitimacy from the pursuit of the human dignity of the community it governs, as well as the dignity of those human beings and states affected by its actions in international relations. This argument is in line with a long and now resurgent Kantian tradition in legal and political philosophy. The book shows how this approach is reflected in accepted paradigm cases of international law, such as the United Nations Charter. It then explains how this approach can provide insights into the theoretical foundations of these accepted paradigms, including our understanding of the sources of international law, international legal personality and the design of global institutions.

Reasonableness is at the centre of legal debate, both in academic circles and in practice. This unique reference work adopts an interdisciplinary perspective, merging jurisprudence, legal theory, political philosophy and the different branches of law. All aspects relating to reasonableness and law are addressed by the most prominent scholars in the field. In the first part of the book, the focus is on jurisprudential analyses of the concept of reasonableness and on its moral, political and constitutional implications. In the second part, reasonableness is examined in the different fields of law like Public, Private and International Law. Here in more detail the practical consequences of reasonableness are worked out, making this work of interest to practitioners as well as legal theorists.

For much of the history of the western legal order, jurisdiction has been the first question of law. This book investigates the difference that jurisdiction continues to make to the ordering of normative existence. It also follows the speculation that without an account of jurisdiction, jurisprudence would be left speechless, with no power to address the conditions of attachment to legal and political order. The starting point of this book lies with the claim that a sharper focus can be given to normative legal ordering through questions of jurisdiction than can be through those of moral responsibility or social action. This is so because jurisdiction articulates both the potentiality of law and the conditions of its exercise. It provides the idiom of response to the fact that there is law and to the fact that law institutes, judges and addresses a form of life. From this viewpoint the contributors to this book examine the institution of human rights, the new global and national orders of sovereign power and of trade and information, the judgment and government of death and desire, and the address of colonial and post-colonial legal idioms. In doing this the contributors also provide for the elaboration of questions of jurisdiction as part of the resources and repertoires of jurisprudence. This book provides a point of entry to an emergent genre of writing within doctrinal, historical and critical jurisprudence that has returned to questions of jurisdiction to think again about juridical order and change. In so doing, it also points to questions that must be asked for there to be any interdisciplinary study that addresses law.