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This book presents a collection of papers written by researchers, teachers, administrators, analysts and graduate students working and doing research in the field of social sciences. The scientific studies include a wide range of topics from the analysis of social science textbooks to the teacher image in newspapers, the relationship between self-efficacy and cognitive level and the role of organizational silence on the loneliness of academics in work life.

Nowadays advertising seems to be ubiquitous. We notice it everywhere, and we seem to intuitively grasp its pervasive nature. But is it possible to define it? This book is a pioneering attempt to offer a definition of the omnipresence of advertising. It is also an ethics-focused critique of this phenomenon through the lens of relational autonomy.As relational beings, we need trustworthy others to support us in being ourselves and being autonomous. However, according to the argument of this book, the omnipresence of advertising leads to the erosion of trust necessary for such interpersonal support. Moreover, it hinders the development of critical reasoning and turns us into captive audiences, all of which undermines our autonomy competency. Is there still a way to enjoy ad-freedom?

The authors set the following research goals: 1) to define the concept of free legal aid, taking into consideration the standards of the Council of Europe (especially from the European Convention on Human Rights and soft law standards) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union; 2) to pinpoint solutions in the field of free legal assistance on the example of the analysed countries as Belarus, France, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United United States of America, Poland, Switzerland, Spain, Sweden.

This book is the result of research conducted in Polish post-criminal isolation units related to the accessibility of religious practices and services for people incarcerated there. The study covered individuals from 35 units, including prisoners from 15 penitentiary facilities and 4 detention centres, as well as juveniles from 8 youth educational centres and 8 correctional facilities. The research also involved educators from those units who presented the religious life of convicts and detainees from their own perspective. The empirical part was preceded by considerations on the social and individual significance of religion and an outline of international and national (Polish and German) standards of religious freedom, including in post-criminal isolation units.

Effective Legal Remedy (ELR) is a legal concept of universal value. Its primary purpose is the protection of individual rights and freedoms against violation. It serves to safeguards the effectiveness of the enacted and applied law. The book presents and discusses current standard of Effective Legal Remedy concept in European Law as it is or may be referred to criminal justice system. The research is based on a thorough analysis of jurisprudence of European Court of Human Rights and Court of Justice European Union. Is also supplemented by an analysis of the ELR's implementation of the European Parliament's directives on individual rights in criminal matters. Offers a perspective on the use of the ELR to integrate the criminal justice system in Europe.

Nowadays, more and more areas of life are covered by legal regulations. It is necessary to have legal solutions that would help navigate through specific legal systems and support the exercise of rights guaranteed by the law. The proposed publication is a comprehensive study on free legal aid in terms of comparative law. It deals with theoretical and practical issues that constitute a source of knowledge about the shape of legal aid in individual countries. It is also an inspiration for entities creating and applying the law to find the optimal model of free legal aid.

The book presets Polish administrative judiciary as part of institutional environment of the economy. Polish administrative judiciary system, tasked with controlling the legality of the public administration activities, took its current form in 2004. It contain 16 first instance courts and the Supreme Administrative Court. Contrary to the ordinary judiciary in Poland, this system is managed by the judge - the President of the SAC – not the Minister of Justice. The book blends multiple approaches – from first-hand historical account of the creation and reforms of the administrative courts system, through quantitative analysis of its performance to the qualitative analysis of the court verdicts trends, including the dialogue of administrative courts with domestic Constitutional Tribunal and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Authors of the chapters include Supreme Administrative Court judges, scholars and practicing lawyers.

The presented collection of studies by various authors offers a multi-level analysis of contemporary issues in “Public and Civil Service in Poland.” This volume is the result of several years of research conducted at the Faculty of Law and Economics at Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, as well as other law schools across Poland. The authors of the monograph aim to present legal and organizational solutions regarding public and civil service in Poland. The selected issues were chosen due to their social significance and practical relevance. The work concludes with de lege lata and de lege ferenda recommendations based on the research findings.

The phenomena of global ageing and intensive population movements overlap. Both migrants and older people are heterogeneous groups and this multiplied heterogeneity of older migrants causes them to be invisible when gathering various data types. Their needs are not recognised, leaving them vulnerable to human rights violations. Thus, migration in older age and ageing outside the home country are also issues of international human rights law. However, older migrants often escape international human rights regulations and determining the obligations of states to respect, protect and fulfil the human rights of older people “on the move” is very difficult. Therefore, this book aims to identify international norms protecting (at least potentially) older migrants and indicate interpretative tools to improve the ability of international human rights law, and consequently, national laws, to respond to the vulnerabilities of older migrants.

When the German Industrial Revolution is mentioned, some unanswered questions like “when?”, “how?”, “by whom?” comes to mind. This book opens the curtain of unanswered questions about German Industrialization. Unlike previous studies on German Industrialization, this book, which reveals a highly integrated framework, also examines original areas such as the importance of education in German Industrialization and the pioneering German banking models in the 19th century. Moreover, this book offers the reader a new perspective by examining Turkish-German relations from the perspective of German Industrialization.Making use of Turkish, German and American archive documents, this book aims toprovide the reader with rational inferences about German industrialization and thebehind-the-scenes of Turkish-German relations with its in-depth literature reviewand intense analysis.

In the book, the author presented the results of several years of empirical studies conducted in Polish common courts. On the basis of an analysis of 250 observed and recorded trials, conducted as part of various court proceedings (criminal, civil, insurance, etc.), the author outlined a picture of the trial as a communication occurrence, in which persons with various levels of communication competence are involved in the interaction. Among other things, the book answers the questions: “How does the communication process between a judge and a non-professional participant proceed?”, “Implementation of which communication activities cause the greatest difficulty for non-professional participants?” and “How do judges try to counteract these difficulties?”.

Throughout history, the family has been considered the primary nucleus of social organization, and the law has played a crucial role in the regulation and protection of its members'rights and obligations.This book seeks to explore and analyse the importance of family law from multiple perspectives. Changes in the forms of cohabitation, new family conceptions, new reproductive technologies and gender equality are current unresolved legal challenges, where a historical view has much to offer. It sheds light on the interactions between family, law, and society over the centuries, exploring the tensions, contradictions and changes that have defined this complex relationship. It contributes to the current debate on the legal challenges and dilemmas facing the family institution in the twenty-first century.This book is a thought-provoking and critical analysis, offering a panoramic look at the evolution of family law and its impact on today's society.

The promotion of the conservation and sustainable use of forests is a crucial aspect of environmental protection. However, effective and legally binding international regulations specific to forests are still absent. The scope of this research is to analyse the existent international legal regime for forests and to elaborate approaches to the enhancement of its efficiency. The rigorous analysis of international documents leads, finally, to conclude that pure market-based mechanisms are not sufficient for the conservation of forests and stronger legally-binding provisions are needed. Based on these conclusions, the research proceeds with the analysis of possible ways of the development of international legal regime for forests, as well as the promotion of compliance with international treaties.

This book examines various aspects of the business world from the perspective of communication. After all, no business is possible without communication. A statement that ought to be an axiom because communication is central to the interaction of people; hence, also interactions at the workplace, amongst business partners, and with customers. And when the people come from different cultures, then the role of culture assumes an important role as well. But instead of pursuing a typical management perspective, the authors in this book examine various business and work-related contexts from an intercultural, general communication, and linguistic perspective. A perspective that is often not in the focus of classic management literature – probably because it is assumed that everyone can communicate. But what if the communicative efforts are ineffective? And what if the interactors are unaware of this? That is why communication needs to be considered and understood so as to be more effective and more productive. This book follows an interdisciplinary approach to communication and, thus, offers some useful insights to such interactions and contexts. The contributing authors provide literally a global perspective because they come from different parts of the world and from different scientific disciplines. The book is divided into six parts: The first five chapters offer a general introduction to culture and communication. This is followed by four chapters examining various aspects of worldview and perception. Next come six chapters dealing with a selection of topics revolving around the meaning of messages. The next five chapters take a closer look at communication at the workplace. This is followed by three chapters exploring politeness and emotion at work. The book ends with five chapters considering communication competence and cultural adaptation. The book, thus, offers some unique insights to the world of business from the perspective of culture and communication.

The book deals with (unfortunately) a highly relevant question of extraordinary measures adopted in many countries in connection with the recent pandemic, and the impact of such measures on ownership rights and constitutional freedoms as a whole. Using the methods of synthesis, analysis and historical comparison, the researchers address this issue from different perspectives, starting with the origins of state-governed crisis management, through the theoretical status of such measures and their role in the legal system, to the question of liability for damages arising from their imposition and application. Based on a critical analysis of existing measures, the book provides feedback on their compliance with basic legal principles and suggests possible solutions of encountered problems.

This book deals with consensual mechanisms in criminal proceedings analyzed comparatively. In the first place, it addresses the common systemic foundations of consensual mechanisms and the observation of most up-to-date supranational trends in their development. In the second place, it presents phenomenon of negotiated justice outside the common law systems through examples of Poland, Germany and Brazil. The combination of these two approaches provides a good basis for observation on the general advantages and disadvantages of negotiated justice. It also helps for balancing the optimal extensiveness of its use in the contemporary criminal proceedings.

The public policy exception has often been relied on by national courts in India and other jurisdictions as a grounds for refusing enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. In this context the exception has been given varying interpretations. This book deals with the question of whether the scope of the public policy exception as a grounds for refusing enforcement should be legislatively defined, or rather left to judicial interpretation. It does this by using recent amendments to the Indian arbitration law as an example, and conducting comparative law research with approaches taken in both major common and civil law jurisdictions. It then evaluates the benefits - disadvantages- and the rationale for having such a definition. It finally evaluates what should be the ideal statutory scope of the exception.

This book discusses the fundamental issues of public law in the area of statelessness from the perspectives of comparative law and international law standards. The author proposes an approach in which statelessness is not a homogeneous concept but is best analysed and responded to through the lens of different categories of statelessness. This accounts not only for the existence of different categories of stateless persons (e.g., voluntary or involuntary) but also for different assessments and needs of their respective situations for purposes such as prevention mechanisms. The book demonstrates the conceptual and regulatory relevance of this important differential aspect of the international law on statelessness (with implications for domestic legal systems).

One of the constitutional obligations of states is the defence of human rights. Such state activities encompass providing free pre-litigation legal aid. In search for solutions allowing to improve Polish model, the authors employed a comparative method. As a result, they analysed solutions adopted in international law, Sweden, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom.Swedish law is an example of a system with a rich legislative history in the area of free legal aid and contemporary solutions based on the model of legal aid with a “discount”. The choice of Ukraine was based on the fact that its regulations are very modern, elastic and put to the ultimate test of war. The United Kingdom was chosen as an example of a country with a common law system, where pre-litigation-free legal aid has its unique form based on grant financing.In the summary of the book, the authors strive for presenting the proposal of a model of free pre-litigation legal aid for the polish legal system based on the experience of compared legal systems.

Korea as a “middle power” in the last decades saw a growing importance, partly through greater economic clout, partly through greater cultural and soft power (“K-pop”), and partly through collective action in institutions like G 20. However, recent instability in Northeast Asia, plus growing trade conflicts and political conflicts in the region and worldwide, endanger this position. Moreover, the tremendous rise of China in economic, geo-political and cultural terms overshadowed the Korean development. However, also here the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative seems to dominate the headlines, as well as the policy fora and practical business decisions. Therefore, this book discusses an urgent, indeed pressing topic: how can middle powers like South Korea and Germany benefit from closer economic and political linkages across the Eurasian landmass, in particular the Belt and Road Initiative dominated by China.? Should they rather jump on the bandwagon or should they follow distinct own initiatives, either in their region or inter-regionally?

The monograph aims to verify the thesis that the language rights of European Union citizens are an important element of the EU's respect for the national identities of its Member States guaranteed in the Treaties. The protection of these rights has been consistently strengthened in EU law, with citizenship of the Union playing an important role in this process. The formulated thesis is verified mainly through the use of the dogmatic and legal methods, and the comparative legal method. The specific nature of the subject matter discussed requires an interdisciplinary approach, and the methods used in the field of linguistics are also applied mainly with reference to the conceptual apparatus adopted within the EU legal order.

The Free Speech Discussion Forum is an annual event that is designed to bring together prominent scholars from all over the world to discuss cutting-edge free speech issues. The 2021 meeting was hosted by the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. Two major topics were discussed at the 2021 forum:'Robotic Speech'and'Contemporary Threats to Speech.'The'Robotic Speech'topic included examination of such things as'chatbots,'data-driven speech,'deep fakes,'and the potential for internet speech to interfere with democratic elections. The'Contemporary Threats to Speech'focused on a variety of topics, including the growth and power of social media platforms. This compendium includes selected articles that were discussed at the Forum. It also honors the long-standing faculty exchange of the University of Mainz‘s School of Law and die Louis D. Brandeis School of Law at the University of Louisville, Kentucky.

The book examines the extent to which the rights of Armenian minorities to exist, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practice their own religion, and to use their own language in the community with other members of their group as well as their right to equality, non-discrimination and participation are respected, protected and fulfilled as it is required under international human rights law. Armenians in Lebanon and Turkey constitute a minority on four separate levels: ethnic, national, linguistic and religious. By examining the ways national and international human rights laws are enforced and protected, or violated and ignored, the thesis highlights the problems facing Armenians in Lebanon and Turkey since recent history until nowadays, and provides benefits which would be of great value to human and minority rights discourses.

Public finance is an inclusive field of study based on different disciplines. This bookbrings together studies in different fields of public finance, taking into account theproblems experienced on a global scale. The inclusiveness of public finance hasbrought together eighteen different studies in this book, including theoretical, methodologicaland empirical studies about various taxation problems such as COVID-19and fiscal policies about healthcare system, financial incentives and biomass energyworldwide, effect of tax wedge on inflation, and the evaluation of the problems ininternational tax law; also digitalization and cryptocurrencies and the social effectsof taxation. The authors of chapters present some new models and policy suggestionsin their studies.

The book describes the historical development of the legislation on euthanasia and suicide in The Netherlands. During the last about 70 years. Part 1 summarizes the development until about 2017. Parts 2 and 3 deal with the period from August 2017 until about the end of February 2022. The book ends when neither in the Netherlands nor in Germany legislation on euthanasia was completed. Presently, in many countries, legislation on euthanasia is discussed, about to be prepared, or there already exist legislative proposals. The aim of the book is to let the Dutch respective public opinions, political ideas, research results, proposals from legal academics, science, and court decisions participate in the international discussion so that in so far comparison can help also to find answers to open questions and satisfying legal regulations.

The articles collected in the book present a view of legal education in Central and Eastern Europe, considering the relationship between democracy and the Political. In this perspective, legal education is a forum for this articulation and an area for a discursive search for solutions. On the one hand, democracy is a continuous object of research for the legal academia; legal theorists and constitutionalists debate the juridical foundations of modern constitutionalism, democracy and the rule of law. On the other hand, as university teachers, legal academics contribute to shaping future lawyer-citizens by instilling in them a certain vision of civic virtues and democratic values.

The monograph discusses the problem of aerial terrorism, one of the biggest challenges humanity faces in the 21st century. Its main goal is to answer the question of whether international legal regulations serve as an effective tool in the fight against terrorists who target civil aviation. The book itself is divided into three chapters: the first one focuses on the theoretical aspect by describing the term “aerial terrorism” itself from a legal perspective. The second one is an in-depth overview of key legal instruments drafted under the auspices of ICAO, the United Nations, and the European Union, that together form a juridical core for the fight against air terrorists. Finally, the third is a case study that depicts how the mechanisms described in the previous parts function in practice.

There is no shortage of scholarly literature on the right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health (the right to health) in general. However, little research exists with a focus on the specificities of the legal framework in African countries, including an investigation into domestic constitutional and statutory regimes of these countries. Furthermore, while human rights treaties and domestic laws on the right to health do not distinguish between modern and traditional medicines, there is a shortage of studies, including monographs, on access to modern and traditional medicine (TM) as part of the right to health. The present study partly fills in the gap by dealing with access to medicines as part of the right to health in two Sub-Saharan African countries, namely the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the United Republic of Tanzania. The thesis combines this general inquiry into the right to health with a specific focus on TM, including access to traditional medicines. TM is often overlooked in mainstream scholarship despite its immense practical importance for many people worldwide, especially in the DRC and the URT. Addressing TM in the context of the human right to health and analysing its challenges from a human rights perspective constitute an essential contribution to human rights scholarship. Therefore, the study considers modern and TM as part of the right to health under the global, African continental, and SADC regional and domestic human rights law.

Juvenile Justice Systems outlines options for shaping the juvenile liability models, in the form of model-patterns: the welfare model, the justice model, the rehabilitative treatment model, the restorative justice model, and different mixed models, especially the so-called “4xD formula.” This comparative work consists of 4 parts, describing the general issues of juvenile criminal liability and characterizing three mixed models: the Polish, the Brazilian and the Portuguese. The comparison of three systems severely influenced by welfare ideas is seen as an innovative element of the presented work. The critical, theoretical analysis contributes to the reflection on the modelling of juvenile justice systems. Therefore, it may be of particular interest to legal researchers and practitioners.

The essay addresses one of the main challenges to the contemporary methodology of the law, namely a new wave of naturalistic approaches that follow the rapid progress in the studies of the mind as a basis for psychological, behavioral, and cultural phenomena. The book aims to address the extent to which new developments of a naturalistic worldview affect the methodological foundations of studying and explaining the law, and distinguishes two fundamentally different models of scientific inquiry. Interpreting legal texts has to remain an anti-naturalistic, hermeneutic enterprise, conceiving law as a combination of causally related facts. As such, its scientific status depends mostly on its ability to become a part of an interdisciplinary web of naturalistic explanations of reality.

This book identifies ways in which Africa can realize its potential to secure a supply of food for affordable and healthy diets through the sustainable use of its own resources. The focus is on investment, cooperation, and policy action. The agenda proposed here is intended to be a long-term one, but one that should be initiated in the short term with concrete actions.

The aim of this book is to present the conditions under which the positive role of supervision over courts and judges can be performed, and to shed light on what conditions have to be fulfilled in order to achieve the goal of creating an impartial and professional judiciary system. The analysis has normative and sociological nature, and is presented from various points of view, including international and national legal systems such as Austria, Denmark, Germany, Poland, Slovakia and Sweden. The research has come to the conclusion that administrative supervision may be used as a feasible instrument for making the courts'activity more effective. It can improve the organization of the courts'adjudication and may lead to an increase in the quality of jurisprudence.

In an era of almost boundless individual opportunities, vulnerability, paradoxically, has gained significant attention. Undoubtedly this book significantly contributes to the debates on this very complex phenomenon, dealing with both the specific aspects of vulnerable individuals and groups'legal positions, as well as presenting the concept of vulnerability in international law. This book brings together scholars engaging with legal and actual positions of women, children and other vulnerable persons. Authors in detail discuss – among others - such issues as: political violence, motherhood in prison, age assessing of foreigners, infanticide or exclusion of the elderly. It will be of interest for academics in the fields of law and sociology, as well as vulnerability-oriented practitioners.

Die Schriftenreihe Innovatives Wissensmanagement stellt der Wissenschaft sowie der Wirtschaftspraxis Fachbeiträge und Fallstudien in der Schnittmenge zwischen den Disziplinen Innovations- und Wissensmanagement zur Verfügung und verbindet diese Disziplinen in anwendungsorientierter Weise.

Sustainability management is a prime topic for multinational corporations. Achieving ambitious sustainability goals, however, is affected by how employees use sustainability information within their decision-making. Little is yet known about the use of sustainability information at multinational corporations. This study therefore empirically addresses this gap and elaborates the main influencing factors of sustainability information use. The findings have important implications for researchers and practitioners such as top executives, sustainability managers and management accountants at multinational corporations.

The problem of preventing mass human-rights violations and atrocity crimes is one of the key issues in international relations. The book presents the capacity of the international community in the field. The available instruments of early warning, preventive diplomacy as well as legal, economic, and military measures of prevention are included. Cases of Chechnya, Rwanda, Côte d'Ivoire and Libya allowed the analysis of international engagement in typical situations involving mass human-rights violations and atrocity crimes related to self-determination, ethnic tensions, power struggles and attempts to overthrow a dictatorship. They show that although the international community has significantly increased its capacity to prevent, it has not created a coherent system of prevention.

What is the economic order of state capitalism? Furthermore,how can its significant performance differences be explained? The firstquestion is tackled with the help of New Institutional Economics by developinga model of state capitalism. This topic is furthermore dealt with in Chapter 3 wherea taxonomy of state capitalism is presented. This chapter already explains someof the performance differences. In the last chapter with the help ofsemi-structured interviews and literature surveys – in four case studies –propositions are forwarded as to why state capitalist orders vary so widely intheir performances. Two points stick out: the quality of the bureaucracy aswell as a varying degree of commitment of the political leadership to adevelopmental course.

State intervention in economic activities to drive development requires specificinstitutional prerequisites that maintain strategic collaboration between thestate and businesses. Arguing that the design of institutions of state businessrelations is critical for successful state intervention in economic activities, thisbook seeks to understand the nature of the institutions of the state-agribusinessrelations in Georgia and its functional compatibilities to the institutionsof strategic SBRs. It analyses the nature of SBRs in Georgia through the lensof the New Institutional Economics (NIE). It employs a qualitative researchstrategy for the systematic collection, organization, and interpretation of thedata. Data from 39 interviews, documents on relevant regulations and laws,and the reports from the international organizations are triangulated to addressthe research question.

Gender equality rights are fundamental human rights that are recognized in international human rights treaties, which bind states to eliminate gender discrimination formally and in practice. Islam is recognized as the official religion in the constitutional law of Islamic countries; religious scholars have the competence to interpret Islamic law, resulting in creating a series of unequal rights for women based on Islamic law, which often continues in legal structures. Nevertheless, a majority of Islamic countries have ratified the international human rights treaties but have put reservations in place based on Sharia concerning articles on gender equality rights. Therefore, this dissertation addressed that the degree to which international law has accepted gender discrimination for religious reasons.

Different from the traditional legislation in family issues which focused on marriage and divorce, current legislation in Germany has come to highlight the relationship between parents and children. The book focuses on parental custody after separation or divorce in Germany and China before a legal comparison is drawn. Furthermore, the book explores possible legal reforms in this field in the two legal systems.

This book presents new research assumptions aiming at a significant expansion of a typical, common paradigm of law sciences. It focuses on the process of law-making, which is an important subject of interest in broadly understood legal sciences. Although many books have been written on this subject, new problems are still emerging. In many countries of the world, current political and legal theories are becoming less and less adequate to the description of reality. One of the causes is that too little empirical research is conducted in legal sciences on the links between the legal system and its socio-economic environment. This book is a result of discussions among researchers from different parts of the world. The multiplicity of points of view and the diversity of assumptions adopted by the authors, allows them to present a multi-faceted image of law-making processes.

The book introduces the model of the corporate compliance officer under US, UK and German law and practice. It aims to analyze the compliance function within private sector companies in the three selected jurisdictions in order to present a model of the German Compliance Officer. There is little uniformity and standardization of the German compliance function outside the banking sector. It has been recognized that a generally applicable definition of the compliance function is as yet absent. There is a need for a generally applicable definition and a modern understanding of the role of the compliance officer. This is why this book is intended to bridge the gap in knowledge concerning the applicable legal standards required to ensure the effectiveness of this position. As such, it may be useful to examine the legal environment of the compliance function outside of the German framework and to explore the professional status and role of the corporate compliance officer in other countries, such as in the US and the UK.

The volume is a collection of essays – the result of studies, research, projects – on the theme of migration, of the condition of refugees and asylum seekers, of respect for or violation of human rights, of the narration of these events in the media. It offers a lucid glance, through the voice of several scholars, of the European scenario and its evolution in recent years. The narrative space expands itself, including the US scenario. The volume is divided into four main sections: Media, Migrants and Human Rights, voted to introduce the main themes; Vulnerability and Human Rights, that explores the themes of the weakest people; Migrations in the Media System, which traces the importance of the narrative of migration in the media system; the Additional Points section closes the volume, to not leave anything unexplored. The volume proposes a journey – with many paths – to discover the academic sense of migration.

Universities are pressed to compete within the global scene of international higher education. What is the status of the national or local language in higher education when the dominance of English in the academic world increases? Universities have become an interesting field for research on sociolinguistic and language policy aspects. How can the global edge and the local function of universities be effectively combined?This book combines case study contributions from countries within and outside Europe in order to underline the key language policy challenges universities around the world face in their attempt to remain nationally leading and interna-tionally competitive institutions. The grouping of different countries and contexts leads to the scrutiny of a variety of scopes that complement each other.

Arbitration of disputes arising from internal corporate affairs is an issue that has received an increasing significant attention in comparative law. The current lack of foreign language sources addressing Turkish arbitral practice led this dissertation to focus on the Turkish legal system. The arbitrability of corporate disputes remains a vague issue in Turkish law. Until a consensus exists between the legislative, doctrinal, and adjudicatory dimensions of the law, arbitrating those disputes may have risky sides. The book serves as a guide for corporate practitioners. It includes a detailed analysis of possible risks and pitfalls for parties submitting their disputes to arbitration. This risk analysis precedes a set of proposals to alleviate these inconveniences and grounds to support arbitrability claims.

On September 27, 2019, the Institute for Energy and Regulatory Law Berlin and the Hellenic Energy Regulation Institute hosted in Athens an international congress on Energy Arbitration and Judicial Dispute Settlement. The contributions in this book reflect the wide range of current subjects dealt with, spanning from the representative actions in the energy sector over the landmark Achmea judgment of the European Court of Justice to the dynamic relationship between the principle of autonomy of EU Law and investment arbitration.

The reform of the EU public procurement framework and recently adopted new public procurement rules in Lithuania were indisputably the most significant revisions of this regime since 2004. The aim of this thesis is to provide a critical examination of the EU Directive 2014/24/EU and its transposition into the national law systems of Lithuania and Germany. The author will discuss in more detail the advantages of transposition and disadvantages of Lithuanian national law system, and provide comparison analysis with German national law system. Further analysis will be provided on peculiarities of public procurement disputes in Germany and Lithuania. Through this examination, the thesis also aims to contribute toward a sound future development of public procurement rules, both at the EU level and national law and practice.

The main task of this book is to deliver an in-depth analysis of the idea of the state in the reflection of Robert von Mohl (1799–1875). This German liberal scholar and politician developed comprehensive theory of the state, which combined both absolutist and liberal trendencies. In the book, Von Mohl's political philosophy is depicted against the backdrop of the sociopolitical situation of German states in the nineteenth century.The main focus of the book is one of von Mohl's most important intelectual achievements, namely – the concept of Rechstaat. In conclusion, the author draws similarities between various von Mohl's ideas and the situation of contemporary legal institutions in Germany and Poland.

The book poses the fundamental question of what objectivity means in practical legal discourse and what is its role. By applying critical discourse analysis to the applications of the term “objectivity” in judicial discourse – based on cases from Poland – the book identifies a rich taxonomy of objectivity's uses that judges make of the concept of objectivity. The main results are that objectivity has a special meaning in the legal discourse based on legal authority, and that a case can be made for a stronger interconnection between objectivity and intersubjectivity. These results challenge the theoretical foundations of the debate on objectivity in the legal discourse and open new perspectives for the justification of this concept in modern societies.

The book provides a unique description of the former Soviet Union countries, their geopolitical situation, historical background and legal realities. It is one of the limited monographs that give insight into the work of Eurasian Economic Union, as well as other RTAs of this particular region. It is a valuable resource for every trade practitioner who would like to gain more insight about this region.