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The Manual of Galician Linguistics provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of the current situation of the Galician language and introduces its readers to the most important topics of current linguistic research on Galician. Chapters cover diachronic and synchronic descriptions of all main areas of language structure (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicology), as well social and regional variation, language contact and other interesting areas of linguistic research. Rich in descriptive details and grounded in modern linguistic theory, this manual will be an essential research tool for students and researchers who are interested in the Galician language and in Romance linguistics. The preparation of this work has been partially funded through grants from the Ministerio de Cultura of the Government of Spain to the Instituto da Lingua Galega, and from the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade of the Xunta de Galicia to the research group Filoloxía e Lingüística Galega of the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (ED431C 2021/20).

Was hat Liebe mit Recht zu tun? Wozu diente ein Reilenagel? Was ist ein Schnappreitel? Diese und andere Fragen beantwortet das Deutsche Rechtswörterbuch, das neben juristischen Fachbegriffen auch Wörter der Alltagssprache in rechtlichem Kontext erklärt. Über 1.200 Jahre Wortgeschichte anhand von Belegen aus der gesamten westgermanischen Sprachfamilie.

Mit dem vorliegenden DRW-Band 14 sind nun über 100.000 Wortartikel auf über 22.000 Spalten gedruckt. Sie reichen in alphabetischer Folge von Aachenfahrt bis Trittrecht. Die Artikel enthalten mehr als 500.000 Belegzitate bzw. Belegstellenangaben mit insgesamt über 5,5 Millionen Wörtern. Allein der neue Band enthält über 5600 Wortartikel.

This book contains new research essays of linguistic interface studies in or related to East Asian languages. Written by 14 colleagues or former students of Yoshihisa Kitagawa, it is also a book paying tribute to his decades of scholarships on linguistic interface studies. The chapters therein range from interface studies in syntax and other linguistic areas such as morphology, phonology, semantics, pragmatics, language acquisition, language evolution, and language faculty science. The languages under discussion are mainly East Asian languages such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, but also include Jordanian Arabic and Spanish, under comparative studies with respect to East Asian languages. The book appeals to both seasoned and novice researchers in linguistics, East Asian languages, and modern languages.Chapters “Bare Quotatives as Embedded SpeechActs”, “Re: The Interpretive Functions of the So-Called Japanese Topic Marker Wa” and “Focus Inside: Evidence from Spanish and Chinese” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This handbook is the largest and most comprehensive publication on Berber linguistics to date, covering the variety of Berber dialects and related linguistics trends. Extensive and diverse at thematic and theoretical levels, with the aim of deepening students and scholars'understanding of the workings of Berber as a linguistic phenomenon, it explores a multitude of angles through which the diachronic and synchronic intricacies of Berber varieties can be examined. It enables a better understanding of the issues in the various components of North African languages, as well as their theoretical and typological significance and implications. The work covers phonology and phonetics, morphology and syntax, semantics and pragmatics, socio-linguistics and dialectology, language teaching and psycholinguistics, lexicology, language contact and comparative linguistics, historical linguistics and etymology. Sub-themes explored include prosody, ideophones (and expressive language in general), morpho-syntactic categories, sociolinguistic variation and several other seminal interdisciplinary explorations. The chapters reflect the diversity of Berber varieties and include up-to-date scholarship by leading Berberists, with varieties including Figuig, Kabyle, Senhaja, Siwa, Standard Moroccan Amazigh, Tamazight, Tarifit, Tashlhit, Touareg, Tunisian Berber, Znaga, as well as Proto-Berber. A large geographical territory is covered, including Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. With contributions from these Berber-speaking countries and their diaspora, there are also chapters from prominent Berber scholars from America, Australia and Europe. To this end, the volume includes perspectives and theories from different schools of linguistics. In including original French contributions and English translations of research from top scholars in the field, the book includes another vital dimension in terms ofthe resources, and sources. As a comprehensive reference, this work is of interest to North Africanists from various disciplines, including anthropologists, linguists, and sociologists, but particularly linguists interested in endangered languages, and those working on the historical and comparative study of the Afroasiatic language phylum.

This book examines grammatical changes that took place in the medieval language contact situation between English and French from 1066 until 1500. It investigates structural copying phenomena and their connection with the lexicon, finding that copying of lexical verbs with a predicate-argument structure accelerated wider grammatical changes, and shows why the traditional notion of borrowing should be replaced with the more adequate concept of copying. The authors start by taking a fresh look at the relationship between Old French and Middle English in light of recent developments in the fi eld of linguistics, arguing that what has traditionally been seen as a diglossic situation (i.e., as contact between the dominating speakers of French and the native speakers of English) should instead be analysed through the framework of bilingualism. The two contact scenarios under scrutiny are the ones between Old French and Middle English and Middle English and the contact variety of Anglo-French. On the basis of their case studies they develop a holistic model of contact-induced change that integrates the bilingual individual as well as the speech community and its sociolinguistic background. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of language history and change, language contact and acquisition, sociolinguistics, multilingualism, and psycholinguistics.

Die Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) stellt eine im Jahr 2008 veröffentlichte Grammatiktheorie von Kees Hengeveld und J. Lachlan Mackenzie dar, deren Hypothese anhand von Beispielen aus verschiedenen Sprachen gestützt wird. Auch das Koreanische wird für insgesamt drei Veranschaulichungen der Theorie herangezogen, wodurch eine Anwendbarkeit der FDG an der koreanischen Sprache zwar angedeutet, jedoch nicht bestätigt wird. Bislang gibt es nur eine Monographie, in der es zur vollständigen Anwendung der FDG an einer Einzelsprache kam, nämlich dem Englischen. In dem vorliegenden Buch wird erstmalig die komplette FDG an einer nicht-indogermanischen Sprache, nämlich dem Koreanischen, untersucht. Dabei bilden die vier Ebenen der Grammatiktheorie, die interpersonelle Ebene, die repräsentative Ebene, die morphosyntaktische Ebene und die phonologische Ebene, die Basis. Zu jeder Ebene werden die einzelnen hierarchischen Komponenten vorgestellt und anhand funktionaler und formaler Beispiele ausder koreanischen Sprache näher betrachtet und analysiert. Die verwendeten Beispiele stammen einerseits aus diversen Korpora sowie aus Werken zur koreanischen Grammatik. Die FDG wird als Grammatiktheorie gestützt und ihre Anwendung auch auf nicht-indogermanische Sprachen bestätigt.

What did the apostles'Greek sound like?How should New Testament Greek be pronounced in our classrooms? Often students are taught Erasmian pronunciation, which does not even reproduce Erasmus's own pronunciation faithfully, let alone that of the New Testament authors. But if we want to process the language of the New Testament the same way its original authors and readers did, we should use their pronunciation. In his new book, Benjamin Kantor breaks a path toward an authentic pronunciation of Koine Greek at the time of the New Testament, seeking to improve students'reading proficiency.A Short Guide to the Pronunciation of New Testament Greek distills Kantor's new monograph, The Pronunciation of New Testament Greek, with an eye toward practical instruction. The first comprehensive phonological and orthographic study of Judeo-Palestinian Koine Greek, The Pronunciation of New Testament Greek surveys thousands of inscriptions and papyri to determine historical pronunciation. A Short Guide gives students an overview of the basics of phonology before explaining the pronunciation of each Greek letter and phoneme individually. Perfect for classroom use, this guide explains Kantor's cutting-edge research accessibly and includes sample texts for reading practice.

This volume is the result of the 2021 session of the Linguistics and the Biblical Text research group of the Institute for Biblical Research, which addresses the history, relevance, and prospects of broad theoretical linguistic frameworks in the field of biblical studies. Cognitive Linguistics, Functional Grammar, generative linguistics, historical linguistics, complexity theory, and computational analysis are each allotted a chapter, outlining the key theoretical commitments of each approach, their major concepts and/or methods, and their important contributions to contemporary study of the biblical text. As academic disciplines and academic publishing proliferate and become more complex in a digital and global context, synthesising volumes such as this one have taken on new importance for both specialists and generalists alike. That is particularly the case in interdisciplinary areas of research. This volume therefore sets out to make linguistic theory clearer and more accessible to biblical scholars in particular, not only by careful explanation but also by specific illustration, drawing upon ancient Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek languages within the Christian biblical corpus. The volume assists the reader in distinguishing the separate assumptions and scope of study for the separate theories, recognising methods of approach that can be applied to any of the theories, and the role of an umbrella theory to enable all the others to fruitfully interact. The bibliographies provided are structured for the non-specialist, noting handbooks, companions, and glossaries, general introductions, and foundational texts. In so doing, this volume presents not only a fully up-to-date cross-section of linguistic research in biblical scholarship but also an explicit path into the field, while highlighting important avenues for continued investigation and collaboration.

This handbook delves into folk linguistics, addressing historical, theoretical, and methodological aspects. It questions the divide between'linguists'and'non-linguists'and scrutinizes challenges in data collection. It also addresses the relationship between folk linguistics and related fields such as translatology, didactics, and lexicography. The volume concludes by presenting the latest research in Romance folk linguistics.

The book addresses some raging questions in linguistics today: What kind of variation do typologically related languages display? Do we expect to find the same variation in genealogically unrelated languages spoken in the same area? What makes dialects different? The current book answers these questions using data from languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent—an area known for its linguistic richness and diversity. Each chapter in the book presents a wealth of data collected through extensive fieldwork or controlled experimental setups. The chapters examine macro-variation in relative clauses, word order and negation found among Austro-Asiatic, Dravidian, Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman languages. It also investigates meso-level variation among related Eastern Indo-Aryan languages and intra-language and dialectal changes. It encourages scholars to probe deep into the mechanisms that underlie the immense intra- and inter-language variation in the area. It serves as a resource book for postgraduate and research scholars of linguistic typology, theoretical syntax, sociolinguistics, historical linguistics and for scholars interested in South Asian languages.

Was hat Liebe mit Recht zu tun? Wozu diente ein Reilenagel? Was ist ein Schnappreitel? Diese und andere Fragen beantwortet das Deutsche Rechtswörterbuch, das neben juristischen Fachbegriffen auch Wörter der Alltagssprache in rechtlichem Kontext erklärt. Über 1.200 Jahre Wortgeschichte anhand von Belegen aus der gesamten westgermanischen Sprachfamilie.

Comprender la capacidad del lenguaje y cómo funcionan la(s) lengua(s) que nuestros alumnos hablan es el objetivo último de las clases de Lengua en Secundaria. Para conseguirlo, es fundamental la implicación tanto de los alumnos, que deben ser conscientes de su capacidad innata para hablar, como de los docentes, que tienen que aspirar a convertir el aula de Secundaria en un laboratorio en el que el alumnado pueda experimentar con su conocimiento lingüístico de una manera creativa y, al mismo tiempo, razonada. Por todo ello, el presente libro reúne los principales avances de la Lingüística contemporánea y ofrece materiales didácticos actualizados que lleven todas estas innovaciones al aula. Sus capítulos asumen una misma estructura: una pri-mera parte, en la que se exponen de manera accesible y divulgativa aquellas novedades teóricas y empíricas de cada una de las materias; una aplicada, donde se ofrecen ejercicios modelo y pautas para que el docente pueda implementar didácticamente estos recursos, y una última, destinada a la bibliografía recomendada, que puede servir para que el lector amplíe sus conocimientos e intereses.

Mittels inter-, trans- und multidisziplinärer Ansätze behandeln die Autorinnen und Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes Autostereotypien und Heterostereotypien in der politischen Kultur in Europa während des „langen 19. Jahrhunderts“. Der Band versammelt Beiträge der germanistischen, romanistischen und anglistischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften sowie der Geschichts- und Politikwissenschaften. Die Autorinnen und Autoren stellen in ihren Beiträgen die Sprache in der Politik als Ausgangspunkt für die politisch gesteuerte Konstruktion historischer Wirklichkeit in den Mittelpunkt ihrer Forschung. Während Autostereotype Inklusion bewirken, führen Heterostereotype zu Exklusion durch Sprache, deren Folgen in der außersprachlichen Realität zur Marginalisierung und Diskriminierung bis hin zur Verfolgung vermeintlich stereotyper Gruppen, ja ganzer Nationen führen kann.

Este volumen es el resultado de un proyecto científico amplio, que tiene sus raíces en una trayectoria formativa y académica compartida por las editoras que remonta a los años de los estudios doctorales romanos en lingüística sincrónica, diacrónica y aplicada que se han enfocado, en ambos casos, en la lengua española. A partir de ese entonces ambas hemos venido conformando un punto de vista peculiar sobre el español, en el que la tradición de estudios lingüísticos de base italiana se ha enlazado con los estudios hispánicos de alcance internacional.Recientemente este antiguo proyecto ha encontrado las condiciones para su realización gracias también al establecerse de una red de colaboración entre estudiosos con intereses de investigación comunes y animados por una misma necesidad de reflexionar en torno al ámbito disciplinar denominado “lingüística hispánica”.Desde nuestra perspectiva, esta disciplina se ubica en el marco de la investigación sobre el lenguaje y las lenguas y es un dominio científico que pretende estudiar el español mediante modelos teóricos y metodológicos propios de la lingüística.

Aborda las relaciones entre los diferentes estratos de información que determinan la manera de ver el mundo que poseen los hablantes y la fotografía lingüística que, en forma de estructura gramatical, captan las lenguas de este entramado de conocimiento. El libro se basa en aportaciones teóricas tradicionalmente vinculadas con la estructura informativa, pero aprovecha también el reciente desarrollo discursivo de categorías nuevas, como la evidencialidad –progresivamente desplazada al ámbito de la interacción–, y su hermana gemela, la miratividad. Estas propuestas se ejemplifican en casos concretos del español o en su contraste con otras lenguas románicas; en ocasiones, se aborda también el influjo de las lenguas amerindias. Los capítulos se han dispuesto siguiendo un orden pendular que oscila entre el extremo representado por la información asumida y el extremo constituido por la información que nos sorprende. El resultado es un análisis abarcador de cómo la forma que adoptan nuestros enunciados revela nuestro modo de ver el mundo y de ver al otro.

Was hat Liebe mit Recht zu tun? Wozu diente ein Reilenagel? Was ist ein Schnappreitel? Diese und andere Fragen beantwortet das Deutsche Rechtswörterbuch, das neben juristischen Fachbegriffen auch Wörter der Alltagssprache in rechtlichem Kontext erklärt. Über 1.200 Jahre Wortgeschichte anhand von Belegen aus der gesamten westgermanischen Sprachfamilie.

Viking Mediologies is a study of pre-modern multimedia rooted in the embodied poetic practice of Viking Age skalds. Prior study of the skaldic tradition has focused on authorship—distinctions of poetic style, historical contexts, and attention to the oeuvres of the skalds whose names are preserved in the written tradition. Kate Heslop reconsiders these not as texts but as pieces in a pre-modern media landscape, focusing on poetry's medial capacity to embody memory, visuality, and sound.Mobile, hybrid, diasporic social formations—bands of raiders and traders, petty kingdoms, colonial expeditions—achieved new prominence in the Viking Age. Skalds offered the leaders of these groups something uniquely valuable. With their complicated poetry, they claimed to be able to capture shared contingent meanings and re-mediate them in named, memorable, reproducible works. The commemorative poetry in kviðuháttr remembers histories of ruin and loss. Skaldic ekphrasis discloses and reproduces the presence of the gods. Dróttkvætt encomium evokes for the leader's retinue the soundscape of battle.As writing arrived in Scandinavia in the wake of Christianization, the media landscape shifted. In the poetry of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, skalds adjusted to the demands of a literate audience, while the historical and poetological texts of the Icelandic High Middle Ages opened a dialogue between Latin Christian ideas of mediation and local traditions. In the Second Grammatical Treatise, for example, the literate technology of the grid is used to analyze the complex resonances of dróttkvætt as the output of a syllable-spewing hurdy-gurdy—a poetry machine.Offering both new readings of both canonical works such as Ynglingatal, Ragnarsdrápa, and Háttatal, and examinations of lesser-known texts like Glymdrápa, Líknarbraut, and Sturla Þórðarson's Hákonarkviða, Viking Mediologies explores the powers and limits of poetic mediation.

This book is a comprehensive study on the phonetic characteristics of citation tones in Chaoshan Chinese. It presents the tonal patterns of 65 localities in the Chaoshan area under the “multiple-register and four-level” tonal model. Three case studies are conducted to delve into the evolutionary paths of Chaoshan tones. This book not only provides a large-scale typological study on Chaoshan Chinese, but also offers a good example of how to figure out the evolutionary paths of tones from the perspective of variation. The natural alliance of phonetics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and dialect geography is reinforced. It is also suggested in this book that the joint use of these four disciplines is very promising for the study of Chinese.

Understanding sound change through contemporary theory and historical evidence

This book explores the usage patterns of a group of adversative and concessive conjunctions in English texts written by Chinese EFL learners and their native speaker counterparts. Focusing on probability profiles and systemic potentials, the study encompasses three stages and combines the strengths of two research methods – the corpus-based approach and text-based analysis – to examine the conjunctions under the theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics and rhetorical structure theory. Starting with an overview of seventeen conjunctions across two corpora in terms of overall frequency, positional distribution and distribution of semantic categories, the book then offers a more detailed discussion of three individual conjunctions, highlighting the interconnections between 1) syntactic positions and co-occurrence patterns and 2) semantic relations encoded by these conjunctions. Lastly, it presents a case study of one full-length text taken from the learner corpus, applyingrhetorical structure theory to provide new insights into the relevance of adversative and concessive relations to text structure. This comprehensive, in-depth analysis is both diagnostic and pedagogically informative.

Dieses studienbegleitende Handbuch legt einen umfassenden Begriff von Sprache zugrunde und bietet eine systematische, verbindende Einführung in die Betrachtung der drei großen sprachlichen Ebenen: Sprache im Allgemeinen, Einzelsprache und Diskurs. Vermittelt werden Fachkenntnisse zu den Eigenschaften, die allen Sprachen gemeinsam sind, zur Beschreibung und Analyse der spezifischen Merkmale der romanischen Sprachen, zu ihrer Geschichte sowie zu ihrer konkreten Verwendung in der Rede. In der Verschränkung von Allgemeinem und Konkretem bietet dieses Handbuch somit einen nützlichen Leitfaden für Dozenten und Studierende aller romanistischen Studiengänge, aber auch benachbarter Philologien und der Allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft.

This book provides a systematic, contrastive analysis of the segmentation and representation of English and Chinese Translocative Motion Events (TMEs), which possess Macro-Event Property (MEP). It addresses all the issues critical to understanding TMEs in English and Chinese, from event segmentation, MEP principles and the conceptual structure of TMEs and their constituents, to the representation of Actant, Motion, Path and Ground. The book argues that the corpus-based alignment for the TME segmentation in both languages, the parameters of Actant, Motion, Path and Ground and their relevant statistical description are particularly important for understanding English and Chinese TMEs. The linguistic materialization of Actant, Ground, Path and Motion, together with a wealth of tables and figures, offers convincing evidence to support the typological classification of English and Chinese. The book's suggestions regarding the Talmyan bipartite typology and Bohnemeyer's MEP contribute to theadvancement of TME studies and language typology, and help learners to understand motion events and English-Chinese typological similarities and differences.

The contributions of this volume offer both a diachronic and synchronic approach to aspects relating to different areas of colonial life as for example colonial place-naming in a comparative perspective. They comprise topics of diverse interests within the field of language and colonialism and represent the linguistic fields of sociolinguistics, onomastics, historical linguistics, language contact, obsolescence convergence and divergence, (colonial) discourse, lexicography and creolistics.

The German sinologist and general linguist Georg von der Gabelentz (1840—1893) occupies a crucial place in linguistic scholarship around the end of the nineteenth century. As professor at the University of Leipzig and then at the University of Berlin, Gabelentz was present at the main centers of linguistics of the time. He was, however, generally critical of the narrow, technical focus of mainstream historical-comparative linguistics as practiced by the Neogrammarians and instead emphasized approaches to language inspired by a line of researchers stemming from Wilhelm von Humboldt. Gabelentz'alternative conception of linguistics led him to several pioneering insights into language that anticipated elements of the structuralist revolution of the early twentieth century. •Gabelentz and the Science of Language• brings together four essays that explore Gabelentz'contributions to linguistics from a historical perspective. In addition, it makes one of his key theoretical texts, ‘Content and Form of Speech', available to an English-speaking audience for the first time.

Qu'est-ce que le langage? Une question qui a fait l'objet de nombreuses études, théories et réflexions au cours des siècles...Le langage est l'une des capacités majeures des êtres humains. Mais qu'est-ce que le langage? Cette question n'a cessé d'être posée au fil des siècles, d'abord par les philosophes et les grammairiens puis, dès la fin du XIXe siècle, par les linguistes et les psychologues du langage. Les théoriciens et chercheurs de ces diverses disciplines ont fourni des descriptions et des analyses des propriétés et des fonctions du langage qui sont particulièrement riches, mais qui sont aussi complexes et parfois fortement divergentes.Face à tant de diversité et de complexité, les enseignants, orthophonistes et autres praticiens ont souvent de la peine à identifier et comprendre les théories qui leur seraient utiles. Cet ouvrage vise à atténuer ces difficultés, en présentant les thèses de courants théoriques solides et diversifiés, anciens ou en cours d'élaboration, et en examinant leurs apports sous l'angle d'une critique constructive.Cet ouvrage de référence sur le langage vise à apporter un éclairage critique sur les différentes théories du langage, jusqu'aux plus complexes, qui peuvent être utiles tant aux enseignants qu'aux orthophonistes et autres praticiens.EXTRAITDepuis de nombreuses années déjà, enseignants, psychologues, orthophonistes et rééducateurs rencontrent, dans leur pratique quotidienne, de nouvelles formulations théoriques, de nouvelles méthodes ou de nouveaux programmes qui s'inspirent des théories contemporaines du langage. Cet ouvrage leur est destiné. Il a pour objet de présenter les aspects essentiels des principales formulations de la linguistique, des sciences du discours et de la psychologie du langage, en se plaçant du point de vue de l'utilisateur ou du consommateur de théories. Étant nous-même psychologue du langage et didacticien des langues, nous avons été dans l'obligation de procéder à un examen approfondi des principales théories du langage disponibles aujourd'hui. Nous avons non seulement tenté de comprendre ces théories, d'en déceler les aspects positifs et/ou négatifs, mais surtout d'en saisir les fondements et les motivations : quels étaient les postulats philosophiques et épistémologiques des auteurs ; quelle démarche méthodologique ont-ils adoptée et pourquoi ; quelle est par conséquent la nature des données obtenues?À PROPOS DE L'AUTEURJean-Paul Bronckart est professeur honoraire de la Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Éducation de l'Université de Genève. Après avoir été, de 1969 à 1976, collaborateur de Jean Piaget au Centre international d'épistémologie génétique, il a occupé un poste de professeur ordinaire en didactique des langues de 1976 à 2012. Dans ce cadre, il a créé des enseignements et conduit des recherches portant sur l'analyse des discours, la didactique des langues, l'acquisition du langage et le rôle que joue la maîtrise discursive dans le développement des personnes. Il est le fondateur du réseau international de l'interactionnisme sociodiscursif, et l'auteur de plus de cinq cents publications scientifiques.

This book posits a universal syntactic constraint (FPC) for code switching, using as its basis a study of different types of code-switching between French, Moroccan Arabic and Standard Arabic in a language contact situation. After presenting the theoretical background and linguistic context under study, the author closely examines examples of syntactic constraints in the language of functional bilinguals switching between French and forms of Arabic, proposing that this hypothesis can also be applied in other comparable language contact and translanguaging contexts worldwide. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of French, Arabic, theoretical linguistics, syntax and bilingualism.

El objetivo central de este libro es contribuir a llenar el vacío de la bibliografía introductoria en la lingüística mexicana. Se brindan para ello temáticas distintas, se plantean muchas y diversas preguntas de investigación, se ofrecen diferentes marcos teóricos, métodos de trabajo e incluso estilos de redacción para responderlas; se plantea un acercamiento a la fonología del zapoteco, a la lengua de señas mexicana, al tratamiento del español desde la sintaxis, la semántica, la terminología y el discurso; se ofrecen posibilidades de análisis desde la ingeniería lingüística, la dialectología perceptual y la historia de la lexicografía. Mirado como un todo, este libro plantea un rico mosaico de inquietudes e invita al lector a sumarse al eco de nuestras Voces...

O Grupo de Pesquisas em Economia Industrial, Trabalho e Tecnologia do Programa de Estudos Pós-graduados em Economia Política da PUC/SP realizou o evento XV Ciclo de Debates em Economia Industrial, Trabalho e Tecnologia, nos dias 22 e 23 de maio de 2017 nas dependências da PUC/SP, coordenado pelas professoras Elizabeth Borelli e Anita Kon. Como vem ocorrendo anualmente desde 2002 o evento incluiu a apresentação e debates de pesquisas desenvolvidas nas áreas afins por centros nacionais de ensino e de pesquisa, com o objetivo de troca de conhecimentos e novos resultados empíricos sobre a realidade brasileira e internacionalem que participam várias instituições acadêmicas e de pesquisa. Os temas deste XV Ciclo de Debates tiveram como objetivo a discussão de questões relevantes em áreas polêmicas da economia do Brasil, exploradas em recentes pesquisas por especialistas das várias instituições, como subsídios às políticas públicas do país. Atuaram como participantes professores, mestrandos, doutorandos e graduandos da PUC e de outras instituições, bem como outros especialistas.

This book focuses on transactions between English and Telugu through a study of translations and related works published from about the early-nineteenth century to mid-twentieth century. Moving beyond Edward Said's theoretical paradigms which suggest that these interfaces were driven by imperial and colonial interests, the essays in this volume look at how they also triggered developments within the indigenous literary and cultural practices and evolved new forms of expression. The book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of linguistics, translation studies, comparative literature, cultural studies and modern South Asian history.

This volume brings together a collection of papers based on presentations given at the 10th and 11th Fora for Linguistic Sharing, organised by the Young Researchers Group of the Centro de Linguística da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (CLUNL) and held at Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal, on the 27th and 28th November 2015 and on the 25th November 2016, respectively. The papers are authored by young researchers in linguistics and present the results of original research in two broad areas, namely text and discourse linguistics and grammar. This volume also includes a brief history of the Forum for Linguistic Sharing written by its founders, Audria Leal, Carla Teixeira, Isabelle Simões Marques and Matilde Gonçalves; a keynote article on text linguistics by Matilde Gonçalves; and a keynote article on word formation by Maria do Céu Caetano. Given that it brings together contributions from different, yet complementary, subfields of linguistics, the book will appeal to a broad readership of linguists.

This book, by a group of leading international scholars, outlines the history of the spoken dialects of Arabic from the Arab Conquests of the seventh century up to the present day. It specifically investigates the evolution of Arabic as a spoken language, in contrast to the many existing studies that focus on written Classical or Modern Standard Arabic. The volume begins with a discursive introduction that deals with important issues in the general scholarly context, including the indigenous myth and probable reality of the history of Arabic; Arabic dialect geography and typology; types of internally and externally motivated linguistic change; social indexicalisation; and pidginization and creolization in Arabic-speaking communities. Most chapters then focus on developments in a specific region - Mauritania, the Maghreb, Egypt, the Levant, the Northern Fertile Crescent, the Gulf, and South Arabia - with one exploring Judaeo-Arabic, a group of varieties historically spread over a wider area. The remaining two chapters in the volume examine individual linguistic features of particular historical interest and controversy, specifically the origin and evolution of the b- verbal prefix, and the adnominal linker -an/-in. The volume will be of interest to scholars and students of the linguistic and social history of Arabic as well as to comparative linguists interested in topics such as linguistic typology and language change.

This book analyses the emotional message of Hungarian folksongs from a Cultural Linguistic perspective, employing a wide range of empirical devices. It combines theoretical notions with analytical devices and has a multidisciplinary essence: it relies on the latest Cultural Linguistic findings, employing spatial semantics, cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology and ethnography.The book addresses key questions including: How is nature conceptualized by a folk cultural group? How are emotions and other mental states expressed via nature imagery with respect to metaphors and construal schemas? The author argues that folksongs reflect the Hungarian peasant communities'specific treatment of emotions, captured in an underlying cultural schema ‘reservedness.'This schema is grounded in principals of morality and tradition, and governs the various levels of representation. The main topics discussed are related to two core issues: cultural metaphors and culturalschemas of construal in folksongs. It provides a detailed example, based on over 1000 folksongs, of how a cultural group's cognition can be analyzed and better understood through a representative corpus-based linguistic approach. The research is also pioneering in constructing a comprehensive analysis framework adapted to folk poetry, and offers an example of how cultural conceptualizations can be investigated in various discourse types. Last but not least, the book offers insights into the work of Hungarian linguists and folklorists concerning cultural conceptualizations, which have largely been unavailable in English.

“Babel is an endlessly interesting book, and you don't have to have any linguistic training to enjoy it... it's just so much fun to read.” —NPREnglish is the world language, except that 80 percent of the world doesn't speak it. Linguist Gaston Dorren calculates that to speak fluently with half of the world's people in their mother tongues, you'd need to know no fewer than twenty languages. In Babel, he sets out to explore these top twenty world languages, which range from the familiar (French, Spanish) to the surprising (Malay, Javanese, Bengali). Whisking readers along on a delightful journey, he traces how these languages rose to greatness while others fell away, and shows how speakers today handle the foibles of their mother tongues. Whether showcasing tongue-tying phonetics, elegant but complicated writing scripts, or mind-bending quirks of grammar, Babel vividly illustrates that mother tongues are like nations: each has its own customs and beliefs that seem as self-evident to those born into it as they are surprising to outsiders. Babel reveals why modern Turks can't read books that are a mere 75 years old, what it means in practice for Russian and English to be relatives, and how Japanese developed separate “dialects” for men and women. Dorren also shares his experiences studying Vietnamese in Hanoi, debunks ten myths about Chinese characters, and discovers the region where Swahili became the lingua franca. Witty and utterly fascinating, Babel will change how you look at and listen to the world.“Word nerds of every strain will enjoy this wildly entertaining linguistic study.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review)

The aim of the presented collective monograph “Slovanské spisovné jazyky od teorie k praxi. Formování jazykového vědomí a postojů k jazyku (Slavic standard languages from theory to practice. Formation of language awareness and attitude to language)“ is to reveal the way in which the field of linguistics communicates with the wider public, the process of formation of conscious language awareness, and the implementation of theoretical concepts and interventions into practical use. Analysed are the institutions, their actions and means (influence on language function in the public domain, codification interventions and their consequences, language policy in relation to the language situation, the educational system and particularly teacher training, the government of science and its popularization, and many others), as well as the leading actors of language policy. The main focus of the theory of standard language in Slavistics was placed predominantly on pre-existing academic discourse, which gives rise to the theoretical concepts and interventions. Attention is also paid to the subsequent evaluation of the impact and consequences of the implemented policy (standard language forms, mother-tongue speaking competency, language policy making). The contribution from Stanisław Gajda (Język literacki w po-nowoczesności) on the theory of standard language, focussing on the role of language in the post-modern society in an interdisciplinary context, bridges across all of the presented works. According to Gajda, a good theory demonstrates a high degree of ‘reasonableness'with respect to theoretical reality, generalizability (the better the theory, the wider range of observations can be explained), economy (the fewer concepts and theorems require an introduction the better), external and internal consistency (the basic terms and theorems are in line with well-established scientific findings), and explanatory and predictive power. Histories of individual national standard language gains are varied, however in principle they each consider implementation of a common communication tool as a prototype, an idealized construct. A complete theory possesses a complex hierarchical arrangement, identified by three levels: philosophical, theoretical / methodological, and empirical. However, actual science often encounters incomplete theories, which do not contain elaborated levels and are commonly limited to an empirical level. Following presentation and historical description of aspects describing standard lan270 slovanské spisovné jazyky od teorie k praxi guage, S. Gajda focuses on selected aspects of the present state of language theory. In particular, he focuses on the impact of the transformation in communication media and two aspects of current social changes: the character of a post-modern societal environment and the process of socialization on an individual level. In the analyses and syntheses that follow several of these ideas are elaborated, not only empirically, but importantly also in terms of implementation. Ondřej Bláha (Etnická a jazyková identita obyvatel Moravy po roce 1989;) concerns the ethnic and language identity of the Moravians within the framework of the Czech language community. It investigates the relationship between the ethnic and language identities (in general, seven times more people consider themselves as ethnically Moravian, than those who define their language as Moravian). Processes are identified either based on census statistical data (between the years 1991–2011) or on the attempts to codify (or describe) Moravian language. It evidences a subjective and political background behind emancipation tendencies among Moravians and offers a classification of the somewhat naive manifestations of “the search for Moravian language” – efforts to define and standardize a Moravian language, distinct from Czech language, or efforts to introduce aspects of Moravian dialect

Durchgängige Sprachbildung zu gewährleisten wird seit einigen Jahren zunehmend als Aufgabe aller LehrerInnen angesehen. Voraussetzung dafür ist eine eingehende Auseinandersetzung damit, welche fachlichen und sprachlichen Anforderungen SchülerInnen im Unterricht meistern müssen. Grundlegend ist also zu untersuchen, wie Sprache im Fach beschaffen ist. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht daher u.a. folgenden Fragen nach:Welchen (fach-)sprachlichen Input erhalten SchülerInnen? Welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede lassen sich hinsichtlich des schriftlichen fachlichen Inputs in Form des Schulbuchs und hinsichtlich des mündlichen fachlichen Inputs in Form von Lehrer- und Schüleraussagen feststellen?Die Untersuchung dieser Fragen erfolgt an einer videographierten Unterrichtseinheit von sieben Stunden zum Thema Blut und Blutkreislauf in einer 8. Klasse im Fach Biologie. Den theoretischen Rahmen für die Untersuchung liefert der konzept-orientierte Ansatz, wobei ein für das Unterrichtsthema zentrales Konzept – das von Raum und Bewegung – ausgewählt, modelliert und analysiert wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, welches Potential die Kombination einer sprach- und fachdidaktischen Perspektive für die Gestaltung von sprachsensiblen Fachunterricht hat.

The Meaning of Language illustrates the diversity of approaches in linguistics. The volume revolves around two main chapters authored by two internationally acknowledged Scandinavian scholars, Hans Basbøll and Stig Eliasson. Basbøll's contribution is the most detailed and coherent English-language presentation of the pioneering Danish 18th century linguist Jens Pedersen Høysgaard and his work, and Eliasson explores the intricacy of the issue of whether morphology can be borrowed between languages and the mechanisms of actual borrowings. The other contributions illustrate which topics may be taken up by language scholars today, from metaphor, regional phonology, morphology and syntax, language learning, discourse analysis, intensifier semantics, and Indo-European, to the interface between language and logic. The approaches invoke a wide spectrum of theoretical models and assumptions.

This book systematically examines the linguistic features and socio-cultural issues of ‘Hong Kong English'. The author focuses on authentic data taken from the International Corpus of English (the Hong Kong component) and the Corpus of Global Web-based English to track the ways in which the English language in Hong Kong has been adapted by its users. She also analyses the emergence of new forms and structures in its grammar and discourse. While the phonetic and phonological aspects of this variety of English have been well documented, its grammatical peculiarities and social language use have been hitherto neglected. This book offers original insights into the grammatical and pragmatic/discoursal features of Hong Kong English and will therefore be of interest to those working in fields such as World Englishes and corpus linguistics.

This groundbreaking collection represents the broad scope of cutting-edge research in Cultural Linguistics, a burgeoning field of interdisciplinary inquiry into the relationships between language and cultural cognition. The materials surveyed in its chapters demonstrate how cultural conceptualisations encoded in language relate to all aspects of human life - from emotion and embodiment to kinship, religion, marriage and politics, even the understanding of life and death. Cultural Linguistics draws on cognitive science, complexity science and distributed cognition, among other disciplines, to strengthen its theoretical and analytical base. The tools it has developed have worked toward insightful investigations into the cultural grounding of language in numerous applied domains, including World Englishes, cross-cultural/intercultural pragmatics, intercultural communication, Teaching English as an International Language (TEIL), and political discourse analysis.

First published in 1990, this book argues that any theory of language constructs its ‘object'by separating ‘relevant'from ‘irrelevant'phenomena — excluding the latter. This leaves a ‘remainder'which consists of the untidy, creative part of how language is used — the essence of poetry and metaphor. Although this remainder can never be completely formalised, it must be fully recognised by any true account of language and thus this book attempts the first ‘theory of the remainder'. As such, whether it is language or the speaker who speaks is dealt with, leading to an analysis of how all speakers are ‘violently'constrained in their use of language by social and psychological realties.

The study of language has always been closely allied to the study of philosophy. This book starts from a criticism of the neglect by linguists of the study of “macrolinguistics” – the nature and rules of sequence in dialogue of the larger linguistic units, such as statements, questions, retractions, various kinds of imperative, and expressions of attitudes and of emotion – and develops consequences of interest both to philosophers and to linguists. Its central thesis concerns the influence of macrolinguistic grammatical categories on theories of the mind.This book will be of interest to philosophers generally and philosophers of language and philosophers of mind in particular, as well as to linguists, especially those working in pragmatics and speech act theory. It will also appeal to computer and cognitive scientists, particularly those with an interest in natural language processing. It makes important contributions to both philosophy of language and philosophy of mind, abounding with new arguments and perspectives 46 years on from its completion.

Sborník k životnímu jublieu Marie Bořek-Dohalské je určený těm, kteří se chtějí na zvukovou matérii řeči podívat z různých úhlů. Fonologii reprezentuje příspěvek Tomáše Dubědy, Jaroslav Štichauer se věnuje historické výslovnosti, Pavel Štichauer míří od fonologie k morfologii. Podobně Jiří Jančík představuje přesah fonetické percepce k vyšším jazykovým rovinám, k morfologii a k lexikologii. Fonetika francouzštiny a hudební vnímání se stýkají v příspěvku Sylvy Novákové. V příspěvku Ivany Čeňkové se spojuje výuka, technika a tlumočení. Kolegy z dlouhodobé spolupráce univerzitní zastupuje Stanislav Štech, Jan Županič a Tomáš Cajthaml. Nechybí ani zástupci technického směru fonetických aplikací: Robert Vích a Jana Tučková tématem svých příspěvků a Zdeněk Smékal svou osobností. Jeho příspěvek zároveň představuje vítaný můstek k celoživotní lásce prof. Dohalské, k hudbě, jejímž bytostným zástupcem v tomto sborníku je Miloš Černý. Pevné sepětí prof. Dohalské s frankofonním, resp. pařížským univerzitním prostředím reprezentují příspěvky tří nejbližších kolegů, Georgese Boulakii, Philippa Martina a Jeana-Yvese Dommerguese. Po poetickém preludiu Františka Novotného následuje text, který představuje jubilantku: jeho autorem je Jan Kořenský, který s prof. Dohalskou vedl korespondenčně, telefonicky a pak i osobně rozhovor na různá témata. Závěr sborníku pak tvoří hříčka plná aluzí na společnou práci, jejímž autorem je Jan Raab.

This volume sheds a new light on Philosophical Investigations, Ludwig Wittgenstein's master opus, by taking a new approach to its first stretch (sections §§1-88), with special emphasis on its atypical opening. The methodological conviction that subtends the volume is that the highly unconventional form assumed by the book is internal to its content and crucial to its reconception of the relation between logic and language. This disconcerting form is dictated by the new modes of criticism deployed by Wittgenstein as he engages the philosophical tradition in the new terms afforded by the revolutionary “method of language-games”. In the essays collected here, seven authors, including some of the most influential figures in the field, offer close and often unorthodox readings of pivotal passages from the beginning of the book. These readings are also shaped by the conviction that the Philosophical Investigations are hardly intelligible apart from an appreciation of the concerns that they inherit from Wittgenstein's early work, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. The authors contend that we need to consider the continuities between the early and the later works if we are to disclose the true discontinuities between them.

This book provides new research on linguistics. Chapter One shows the shortcomings and drawbacks of classical single-factor or unilateral theories of word learning, lexical acquisition, and language development. Chapter Two reviews the Verbal Grammar Correlation Index (VGCI) as a tool of comparative linguistics. Chapter Three discusses academic literacy adaptation in the international graduate students'use of lexical bundles through corpus research. Chapter Four investigates the role of the implementation of the multisemiotic theory through the analysis of the Orthodox Patriarchs'photographs.

Questo Manuale di linguistica italiana intende fornire un quadro d'insieme aggiornato (in particolare post 1988) sulla lingua italiana e anche dare conto di ricerche e ambiti maggiormente esplorati negli ultimi venti anni come, in diacronia, le scriptae italo-romanze, l'italiano fuori d'Italia (dal Medioevo a oggi), le varietà d'italiano nel passato, la sintassi dell'italiano antico. Il volume è suddiviso in tre sezioni: l'italiano nella storia; l'italiano contemporaneo; i luoghi della codificazione / le questioni / gli sviluppi recenti della ricerca. Nella seconda sezione un capitolo sull'italiano di oggi illustra i tratti più significativi della lingua che cambia (a sé è trattata la morfologia con la formazione delle parole), mentre molto articolata è la parte dedicata all'italiano variazionale la cui architettura è più complessa rispetto a pochi decenni fa dato il quadro sociolinguistico notevolmente mutato e l'influsso significativo dei media anche sui fatti di lingua. Alcuni settori hanno avuto inoltre un incremento notevole di studio: la pragmatica, la linguistica testuale, la linguistica dei corpora, come del resto anche la didattica dell'italiano, che si è consolidata anche nella prospettiva della L2 grazie a importanti studi di linguistica acquisizionale.

This book brings together the fields of language policy and discourse studies from a multidisciplinary theoretical, methodological and empirical perspective. The chapters in this volume are written by international scholars active in the field of language policy and planning and discourse studies. The diverse research contexts range from education in Paraguay and Luxembourg via businesses in Wales to regional English language policies in Tajikistan. Readers are thereby invited to think critically about the mutual relationship between language policy and discourse in a range of social, political, economic and cultural spheres. Using approaches that draw on discourse-analytic, anthropological, ethnographic and critical sociolinguistic frameworks, the contributors in this collection explore and refine the ‘discursive'and the ‘critical'aspects of language policy as a multilayered, fluid, ideological, discursive and social process that can operate as a tool of social change as well as reinforcing established power structures and inequalities.

This book offers a comprehensive survey of the major parts of speech in Mandarin. Seeking to identify the sets of universal and language-specific categories, it compares the range of categories available in Mandarin and the Indo-European languages and establishes six universal categories – nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions – and three language-specific ones, namely classifiers, localizers and sentence-final particles. Incorporating insights from recent research findings and the diachronic development of the language, the book sheds new light on the factors that contribute to the long-standing debate on the categorical status of adjectives, prepositions and localizers in the extant literature. Bringing together the earlier general descriptions and the latest advances, it is broadly accessible to non-native and native speakers of the language and offers an ideal reference source for all students and scholars who are interested in studying the parts of speech in Mandarin.

The way speakers in multilingual contexts develop own varieties in their interactions sheds light on code switching and multimodal dynamic co-constructions of grammar in use. This volume explores the intersection of multimodality and language use of multilingual speakers. Firstly, theoretical frames are discussed and empirical studies involving Catalan, German and Spanish as L1, L2 or FL are presented interconnecting verbal and gestural modalities into grammar description or exploring actions as sources for gestures, which may nonverbally represent the argument in German dynamic motion verbs. Other chapters focus on positionings in interviews, lexical access searches or proxemics in greetings and farewells. The contributions secondly focus on verbal features of language use in multilingual contexts related to self-representation and co-construction of identity through code-switching, deixis or argumentative reasoning in different communicative events based on multilingual data of languages including Croatian, English, Italian, Brazilian-Portuguese and Polish. The findings call for a reviewed conception of grammar description with implications also for the conceptualization of deixis, for L2/foreign language acquisition and language teaching policies.

Today, there is a need to develop natural language processing (NLP) systems from deeper linguistic approaches. Although there are many NLP applications which can work without taking into account any linguistic theory, this type of system can only be described as “deceptively intelligent”. On the other hand, however, those computer programs requiring some language comprehension capability should be grounded in a robust linguistic model if they are to display the expected behaviour. The purpose of this book is to examine and discuss recent work in meaning and knowledge representation within theoretical linguistics and cognitive linguistics, particularly research which can be reused to model NLP applications.

Seth Lerer tells a masterful history of the English language from the age of Beowulf to the rap of Eminem. Many have written about the evolution of grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary, but only Lerer situates these developments within the larger history of English, America, and literature. This edition features a new chapter on the influence of biblical translation and an epilogue on the relationship of English speech to writing. A unique blend of historical and personal narrative, Inventing English is the surprising tale of a language that is as dynamic as the people to whom it belongs.