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Partition and Quantity: Numeral Classifiers, Measurement, and Partitive Constructions in Mandarin Chinese presents an in-depth investigation into the semantic and syntactic properties of Chinese classifiers and conducts a comprehensive examination on the use of different quantity constructions in Chinese. This book echoes a rapid development in the past decades in Chinese linguistics research within the generative framework on Chinese classifier phrases, an area that has emerged as one of the most cutting-edge themes in the field of Chinese linguistics. The book on the one hand offers a closer scrutiny on empirical data and revisits some long-lasting research problems, such as the semantic factor bearing on the formation of Chinese numeral classifier constructions, the (non-)licensing of the linker de (的) in between the numeral classifier and the noun, and the conditions regulating the use of pre-classifier adjectives. On the other hand, particular attention is paid to the issues that have been less studied or gone unnoticed in previous studies, including a (more) fine-grained subcategorization of Chinese measurement constructions, the multiple grammatical roles played by the marker de (的) in different numeral classifier constructions, the formation and derivation of Chinese partitive constructions, etc.

The literarisation of the early modern Baltic Sea region was a long and complex process with varying trajectories for different vernacular languages. This volume highlights the interaction of local social and cultural settings with wider political and confessional contexts. Using rarely examined materials, such as prints, court protocols, letters and manuscripts in Latin and a range of vernacular languages, including Estonian, Finnish, German, Ingrian, Karelian, Latvian, Lenape, Sami languages and Swedish, the thirteen authors chart the social and literary developments of the area. Wide networks of learned men and officials but also the number of native speakers in the clergy defined the ways the poetic resources of transnational and local literary and oral cultures benefited the nascent literatures. Contributors include: Eeva-Liisa Bastman, Kati Kallio, Suvi-Päivi Koski, Ulla Koskinen, Miia Kuha, Anu Lahtinen, Tuija Laine, Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen, Ilkka Leskelä, Aivar Põldvee, Sanna Raninen, Kristiina Ross, Taarna Valtonen, and Kristi Viiding.

This collective volume deals with the language of adventure tourism from different approaches, such as linguistics, semantics, and pragmatics. The papers selected delve into different languages (Spanish, English, and Italian), either with a monolingual or a bilingual approach. They revolve around several parts of speech (e.g., verbs, adjectives), distinct phraseological units (e.g., collocations, compounds), and other aspects (e.g., accessibility, natural language processing) by relying on a corpus-based or corpus-driven methodology. Given the complete analysis of the main features of this language, this volume enhances the understanding of current terminology and also offers techniques that can be replicated in the study of other areas of knowledge.

This book presents a state-of-the-art study of variation that considers meaning—in all its possible facets—as the key to scientific explanation. It brings together a group of international scholars whose work pursues the systematic integration of meaning and function in models of grammatical usage. After a foreword by the world-leading specialist Nikolas Coupland and a theoretical introduction by editors Miguel A. Aijón Oliva and María José Serrano, the seven empirical chapters focus on morphosyntactic phenomena in different varieties of Spanish, analyzing a wide range of discourse types and communicative domains, from sociolinguistic interviews to mass media and social network interactions. These studies offer a basis for the study of variation from similar viewpoints in other languages.

The History of English: An Introduction provides a chronological analysis of the linguistic, social, and cultural development of the English language from before its establishment in Britain around the year 450 to the present. Each chapter represents a new stage in the evolution of the language, all illustrated with a rich and diverse selection of primary texts. The book also explores the wider global course of the language, including a historical review of English in its pidgin and creole varieties and as a native and/or second language in the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, and Australasia.The third edition, carefully revised and updated throughout, includes:● chapter introductions and conclusions to assist in orientation plus additional marginal references throughout;● the addition of 21 timelines often running from Old English to Present-Day English and focusing on a variety of features;● a new focus on the relevance of change for and in Present-Day English;● discussions on the role and image of women, the (in-)visibility of social classes, and regional variation in English;● material on bilingualism, code-switching, and borrowing, and on the effects of the social media on language use;● over 90 textual examples demonstrating linguistic change and over 100 figures, tables, and maps, including 31 colour images, to support and illuminate the text;● updated online support material including brief introductions to Old and to Middle English, further articles on linguistic, historical, and cultural phenomena which go beyond the scope of the book, additional sample texts, exercises, and audio clips.With study questions as well as recommendations for further reading and topics for further study, The History of English is essential reading for any student of the English language and will be of relevance to any course addressing the origins and development of the English language.

This book approaches the field of contrastive linguistics from a comparative and robust perspective that combines the tenets of construction grammar and cognitive linguistics. In doing so, it shows how their integration can help to successfully enhance research on contrastivity, by means of updated theoretical frameworks and applied methodologies that combine language and thought. It compares ten different languages and offers analyses of constructions at all levels of the linguistic organization, identifying the cognitive motivations that instantiate the linguistic data retrieved from corpora. Relevant to both cognitive and non-cognitive linguists interested in variation and contrastive approaches, as well as graduate students in these areas, this book makes a significant contribution to existing work on the various types of constructional and discourse-based phenomena in modern languages.

Il volume esplora il ruolo della linguistica contrastiva nel lavoro del traduttore, concentrandosi sui problemi posti da alcuni'punti di conflitto'che caratterizzano la traduzione dal tedesco all'italiano e dal francese all'italiano. In particolare, un primo gruppo di contributi parte da una forma semantico-sintattica del francese o del tedesco per indagarne attraverso fonti grammaticali, teoriche e/o di corpora, gli equivalenti funzionali in italiano. A questo gruppo appartengono uno studio sui determinanti del nome in francese e italiano, un'analisi del vocabolo francese même e delle sue traduzioni in italiano e due studi su mezzi di espressione della modalità in tedesco e italiano. Un secondo gruppo di contributi affronta questioni lessicali nella traduzione dal tedesco in italiano di fenomeni di variazione in testi letterari, la resa in italiano dei neologismi presenti in due romanzi francesi e questioni di traduzione dall'italiano al tedesco in prospettiva diacronica.

This volume offers a detailed analysis of selected cases in the reception, translation and artistic reinterpretation of Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities (1972) around the world.The book traces the many different ways in which Calvino's modern classic has been read, translated and adapted in Brazil, France, the Netherlands and Flanders, Mexico, Romania, Scandinavia, the USSR, China, Poland, Japan and Australia. It also offers analyses of the relation between Calvino's book and, respectively, the East and Africa, as well as reflections on the book's inspiration for, and resonance in, dance, architecture and art. The volume thus traces the diversity in the reception and circulation of Invisible Cities in different countries and continents, offering a much wider framework for the discussion of Calvino's masterpiece than before, and a more detailed picture of its cultural and linguistic ramifications.This book will be of interest to scholars in Comparative Literature, World Literature, Translation Studies, Italian Studies, Romance Languages, European Studies, Dance, Architecture and Media Studies, as well as to scholars specialised in paratext and reception.

This collection presents a holistic picture of the sociolinguistic landscape in Bangladesh, offering a critical understanding of language ideologies and social inequalities in the country, as they connect more widely to dynamics in the Global South.The book seeks to untangle the voices embedded in the language practices of a range of communities and professions in the region, which have been little studied in the literature, and encourage a rethinking of the relationships between language and nationality, class, ethnicity, race, and gender. Highlighting perspectives from established and emerging researchers and drawing on a wide range of theoretical approaches and methodologies, the volume is organized around such key themes as bilingualism and diglossia; language variation across domains; language and identity in literature; and the interconnectedness of language, identity, and globalization. Taken together, the collection calls attention to the socially and spatially situated nature of language practices in Bangladesh and in turn, the ways in which scholars in the Global South make sense of the sociolinguistic landscape at both the local and global levels.This book will appeal to scholars working in sociolinguistics, particularly those working on language policy, language and identity, language variation, and in or about the Global South.

Der Band versammelt Beiträge der im Jahr 2021 veranstalteten Online-Tagung Neue Ansätze und Perspektiven zur sprachlichen Raumkonzeption und Geolinguistik. Der Fokus liegt auf Fallstudien aus der Romania und Germania, die sich mit der Verteilung, Ausgestaltung und Wahrnehmung sprachlicher Formen und ihrer Variation im Raum beschäftigten. Der Sammelband legt hierbei eine Definition des Konzepts „Sprachraum“ im weiteren Sinne zugrunde, der zunächst als durch physische (d.h. geographische und humane) Faktoren geprägt verstanden wird, der llerdings auch durch multimediale Sprachverwendung und moderne Darstellungsformen und Erforschungsmethoden eine Erweiterung ins Digitale und Virtuelle erfahren kann. Die germanistischen und romanistischen Beiträge eröffnen neue Perspektiven für die Erforschung und die multimediale Darstellung der Sprachdynamiken realer und virtueller Räume und liefern in diesem Sinne neue Ansätze zur Geolinguistik.

This new critical edition of Dissoi Logoi starts from a codicological analysis that is unprecedented in scope (the studied codices are twenty-six) and depth (their material, dimensions, transmitted works, provenance, date, scribe, first possessors, and current place of conservation are considered). On this basis, a new stemma codicum and a new Greek critical text with parallel English translation are offered. The extensive introduction reconstructs the manuscript and printed transmission of the text and sheds new light on its nature and its reception in antiquity. Dissoi Logoi appears to have been written between 355 and 338 BCE, in an Eastern form of Doric κοινή, by a sophist who aimed to promote his course. It likely worked as a source for Sextus Empiricus, which contributes to explaining the work's collocation at the end of Sextus'codices. The third and final part of the book consists in a two-level commentary. First, the Structural Commentary looks into blocks of chapters from a rhetorical and philosophical perspective. Then, the Lemmatic Commentary delves into the most salient lemmas of the text, covering textual, linguistic, literary, and historical issues as well.

This book explores the major theories of generative grammar from a historical perspective, providing an overview of the evolution of this linguistic framework.Generative grammar is widely recognized for its major contributions to the study of theoretical linguistics in the twentieth century and has had a profound impact on the fields of linguistics, psychology, computer science, and cognitive science. This book consists of eight chapters that trace the development of generative grammar from its beginnings to its current focus on minimalism. The first chapter outlines the major stages of generative grammar, namely Classical Theory, Standard Theory, Extended Standard Theory, Revised Extended Standard Theory, Government and Binding Theory, and the Minimalist Program. The second chapter reviews the development of the C‑command relation and illustrates its use in syntactic analysis. Each of the following six chapters focuses on a specific area of generative grammar, including phrase structure, movement, Case, argument structure, binding, and raising and control.The volume will be an invaluable resource for researchers, teachers, and students in the fields of generative grammar, syntax, formal linguistics, and the social and cognitive sciences.

This handbook traces the evolution of teaching practices in professional translation and interpretation and critically assesses the effectiveness of current methodologies. With contributions from both established and young scholars, the book weaves together practical teaching applications and theoretical research from a unique vantage point. Noted for its close link with the industry, the book also anticipates the trends shaping the field and proposes innovative pedagogical strategies to meet evolving demands. It will be of useful reference for those engaged in the research and practice of professional translation and interpreting education.

This book investigates the existential clause (EC) from a cross-linguistic perspective and within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics.The prototypical EC in the less familiar languages is identified through its functional equivalents in the more familiar ones, which share the common semantic basis of ‘there exists something in some location'. Topics addressed include the morpho-syntactic features of the EC, the subject of the EC, the definiteness effect and its manifestations in the EC, the EC as impersonals, the distinction between entity- vs. event-existentials, and the EC and its related constructions. Drawing on both cross-linguistic observations based on the language sample and in-depth investigations in particular languages (e.g., in Chinese and English), the study aims to unravel how the lexico-grammar of EC is related to its meanings and functions, that is, how meaning is realised in form.The title will appeal to scholars and students in the field of linguistics, especially functional linguistics, and syntax.

This book offers the first book-length treatment of the diachronic study of English exclamatives, tracing their development from 1500 through to the twenty-first century.The volume shines a light on independent wh-exclamatives in the history of English. In particular, Schröder calls attention to the development of three prototypical wh-exclamatives as observed in three newly created genre-balance corpora comprising prose fiction, dialogues, and personal correspondence, uncovering new insights into the differences in their evolution. In its analysis of English exclamatives over time and broader exploration of the impact of genre on constructional productivity, the book raises key questions about existing claims in scholarship on Diachronic Construction Grammar and outlines ways forward for new areas of inquiry. This volume will appeal to scholars interested in diachronic linguistics, historical syntax, language variation and change, and the history of English.

This collection introduces an innovative micro-analytical approach to interaction management in remote interpreting, offering new insights into our understanding of the conversational dynamics of remote dialogue interpreting.The book calls attention to the need for greater reflection on the impact of the increased use of remote interpreting via telephone and video link, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the already complex interactional dynamics of communication in dialogue interpreting settings. Featuring perspectives from both established and emerging scholars, the volume explores both the signals and mechanisms of interaction management and the effects of context in such settings. Chapters draw on empirical studies based on experimental and authentic data from video recordings and eye-tracking data to examine the impact on smoothness and synchronization of the interaction in remote interpreting, in light of the absence of multimodal resources such as gaze and gesture. In collecting this research in a single volume, the book paves the way for further research on the changing relationships between interaction management, technology, and multimodality in dialogue interpreting contexts in today's increasingly technology-mediated world.This volume will be of interest to students and scholars in interpreting studies, language and communication, and pragmatics.

Im Band wird der Vielfalt der inter- und intralinguistischen Forschungsperspek - tiven Rechnung getragen. Es geht sowohl um einzelsprachliche Phänomene im Deutschen, Rumänischen, Englischen, Französischen, Spanischen und in Sisaali als auch um linguistische Auffälligkeiten in interkultureller Perspektive sowie um Aspekte des Fremdsprachenerwerbs. Die im Band präsentierten theoretischen Überlegungen und praxeologischen Verfahren verstehen sich als Anregung, die etablierten Ansätze und Methoden der kontrastiven Linguis - tik zu reflektieren und zu revidieren. This volume offers an insight into the diversity of inter- and intralinguistic research perspectives. The contributions are devoted to intralinguistic phe - nomena in German, Romanian, English, French, Spanish and Sisaali as well as linguistic peculiarities explored from an intercultural perspective and also aspects of foreign language acquisition. The theoretical issues and praxeo - logical perspectives presented in the volume are intended as a proposal to reflect on and possibly revise the long-established approaches and methods of contrastive linguistics.

Ce recueil de quatorze études est le premier à être exclusivement consacré aux prépositions complexes en français, appelées également locutions prépositionnelles ou prépositives, comme à travers, au bord de, en dépit de, par rapport à, à cause de, en ce qui concerne, etc. À la croisée du lexique et de la grammaire, cette sous-classe graduée aux contours flous, comportant des centaines de membres plus ou moins bien établis, soulève un grand nombre de problèmes descriptifs et suscite de multiples questions théoriques. L'ouvrage dresse un état des lieux inédit sur la question et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour la description de cette sous-classe de mots récalcitrante, à la lumière de nouveaux acquis théoriques, descriptifs et méthodologiques en sciences du langage. Il se caractérise également par une complémentarité des approches et des cadres théoriques, d'où un renouvèlement important de la problématique. Le volume s'organise en trois parties : la première regroupe six études théoriques de portée générale, la deuxième présente quatre contributions décrivant l'évolution diachronique des prépositions complexes, la troisième propose plusieurs études de cas.

The binomial noun phrase, or of-binomial, is an important phenomenon in the English language. Defined as a noun phrase that contains two related nouns, linked by the preposition of, examples include a hell of a day and a beast of a storm. This pioneering book provides the first extensive study of the evaluative binominal noun phrases (EBNP) in English, exploring the syntactic rules that govern them, and the (functional) semantic and pragmatic links between the two nouns. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, corpus data, and two different theoretical approaches (Construction Grammar and Functional Discourse Grammar), it argues that the EBNP now functions as a stage in a grammaticalization path that begins with a prototypical N+PP construction, continues with the head-classifier, and ends with two new of-binominal constructions: the evaluative modifier and binominal intensifier. Comprehensive in its scope, it is essential reading for researchers in syntax, semantics, and English corpus linguistics.

Referential expressions include terms such as determiners, proper names, noun phrases, pronouns, and all other expressions that we use to make reference to things, beings, or events. The first of its kind, this book presents a detailed, integrated account of typical and atypical uses of referential expressions, combining insights from discourse, cognitive, and psycholinguistic literature within a functional model of language. It first establishes a foundation for reference, including an overview of key influences in the study of reference, the debates surrounding (in)definiteness, and a functional description of referring expressions. It then draws on a variety of approaches to provide a comprehensive explanation of atypical uses, including referring in an uncollaborative context, indefinite expressions used for definite reference, reference by and for children, and finally metonymic reference with a special focus on metonymy in medical contexts. Comprehensive in scope, it is essential reading for academic researchers in syntax, discourse analysis, and cognitive linguistics.

Linguistic research has always, either explicitly or implicitly, dealt with the interaction of linguistic phenomena and extralinguistic reality. Whether we are talking about targeted analyses of the nature of their interaction or whether this interaction is implied and taken for granted, linguistics has always been interested in its dynamics and manifestations. Thanks to the abundance of communicative channels (primarily those enabled/afforded by the electronic media) that modern society employs to satisfy its communication needs, the interaction between linguistic phenomena and the extralinguistic reality is becoming richer and more diversified. This is the reason why the 2020 Croatian Applied Linguistics Conference was precisely dedicated to this topic.

The Tungusic Languages is a survey of Tungusic, a language family which is seriously endangered today, but which at the time of its maximum spread was present all over Northeast Asia.This volume offers a systematic succession of separate chapters on all the individual Tungusic languages, as well as a number of additional chapters containing contextual information on the language family as a whole, its background and current state, as well as its history of research and documentation. Manchu and its mediaeval ancestor Jurchen are important historical literary languages discussed in this volume, while the other Tungusic languages, around a dozen altogether, have always been spoken by small, local, though in some cases territorially widespread, populations engaged in traditional subsistence activities of the Eurasian taiga and steppe zones and the North Pacific coast.All contributors to this volume are well-known specialists on their specific topics, and, importantly, all the authors of the chapters dealing with modern languages have personal experience of linguistic field work among Tungusic speakers.This volume will be informative for scholars and students specialising in the languages and peoples of Northeast Asia, and will also be of interest to those engaged with linguistic typology, cultural anthropology, and ethnic history who wish to obtain information on the Tungusic languages.

This volume presents a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of the different ways in which the two terms «politics» and «translation» interact. It affords an opportunity to look at translation as a highly complex activity that involves the participation of different agents with different backgrounds, orientations, ideologies, competences, goals and purposes. At the macro level, translation is seen as an activity carried out by gatekeepers – translators, trans-editors, translation quality controllers, translation project managers, and the like – to promote a certain narrative, achieve a goal or pursue an agenda. The ultimate aim of this volume is to shed light on how these various stakeholders explicitly or implicitly interpolate their cultural background, beliefs and values into the resulting text, thus overtly or covertly intervening to promote a certain theme or narrative.

Colloquial Russian provides a step-by-step course in Russian as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Russian in a broad range of situations, requiring no prior knowledge of the language.Features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries This fifth edition offers modernised language reflecting social and cultural changes, new vocabulary that's essential for day-to-day interactions, and updated audio material. Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Russian will be an indispensable resource for both independent learners and students taking courses in Russian.Audio material to accompany the course is available to download for free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. The audio material features the texts, dialogues and exercises from the book and will help develop listening and pronunciation skills.

Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar: A Practical Guide is an innovative reference guide to Brazilian Portuguese, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume.The Grammar is divided into two parts. Part A covers traditional grammatical categories such as agreement, nouns, verbs and adjectives. Part B is carefully organized around language functions covering all major communication situations such as establishing identity, making contact and expressing likes, dislikes and preferences. With a strong emphasis on contemporary usage, all grammar points and functions are richly illustrated with examples. Building on the success of the second edition, this third edition provides new and extended notes for Spanish speakers, which focus on common difficulties faced by learners of Portuguese, as well as revised explanations of grammar and usage, which include the use of ‘tu'in Portuguese.A combination of reference grammar and practical usage manual, complemented by a Companion Website with audiovisual material and a separate Workbook designed to accompany the Grammar, this textbook is the ideal source for learners of Brazilian Portuguese at all levels, from beginner to advanced.

This book focuses on scientific terminology and phraseology in research papers in the domains of new technologies which remain to be highly specialized means of communicating. It approaches scientific communication both from the theoretical and practical perspective with the use of corpus linguistics methodology. The current study is a holistic and comprehensive approach to message construction starting from the macrostructure of a research paper, via terminology and phraseology, ending with the pragmatic aspects, all of which contribute to communicating research results.The book will be an indispensable aid for language researchers and translators as well as anyone interested in scientific communication, particularly in technical and empirical domains.

Un ouvrage qui offre :• une présentation des méthodes et des notions fondamentales de la grammaire ;• une progression du plus simple au plus complexe : des principales parties du discours, verbe, nom, adjectif, à l'exposé de leurs combinaisons dans le cadre de la phrase (la subordination) et du texte (l'ordre des mots ; de la phrase au texte) ;• une série d'applications, d'exercices et de corrigés en fin de chapitre qui illustrent les exposés ;• 30 fiches synthétiques qui permettent de mémoriser l'essentiel et constituent un bagage pour les révisions aux examens.

Meaning addresses the fundamental question of human language interaction: what it is to mean, and how we communicate our meanings to others. Experienced textbook writer and eminent researcher Betty J. Birner gives balanced coverage to semantics and pragmatics, emphasizing interactions between the two, and discusses other fields of language study such as syntax, neurology, philosophy of language, and artificial intelligence in terms of their interfaces with linguistic meaning.Comics and diagrams appear throughout to keep the reader engaged; and end-of-chapter quizzes, data-collection exercises, and opinion questions are employed along with more traditional exercises and discussion questions. In addition, the book features copious examples from real life and current events, along with boxes describing linguistic issues in the news and interesting and accessible research on topics like swearing, politics, and animal communication. Students will emerge ready for deeper study in semantics and pragmatics – and more importantly, with an understanding of how all of these fields serve the fundamental purpose of human language: the communication of meaning. Meaning is an ideal textbook for courses in linguistic meaning that focus on both semantics and pragmatics in equal parts, with special attention on philosophical questions, related subfields of linguistics, and interfaces among these various areas.Appropriate for both undergraduate and graduate-level courses in semantics, pragmatics, and general linguistics, Meaning is essential reading for all students of linguistic meaning.

This volume is the second in a two-part collection of research on discourse particles focusing exclusively on the languages of Asia from the perspective of formal as well as non-formal semantics and pragmatics.Despite increasing interest in discourse particles, most research in the area (particularly within formal semantics and pragmatics) focuses on a restricted set of languages, and there has been little consensus on the proper formal treatment of particles. The term'discourse particles'has been used to cover a broad range of phenomena, including such things as'sentence-final particles,''discourse adverbs,'and other related phenomena. In recent years, there has been extensive development of the formal approach to discourse particles, which often treats these words as devices for marking information updates. It is vital however, to extend this data to non-Western languages, like Malay, Thai, or Vietnamese. These two volumes are the first to give an exclusive focus on particles in non-European languages (in this case, Asian languages), from the perspective of formal and non-formal semantics and pragmatics. This second volume includes chapters on Tagalog, Kimaragang Dusun (Malaysia), Malay, Singlish (Colloquial Singapore English), Thai, and Vietnamese. The chapters are informed by recent theoretical work in formal and non-formal semantics and pragmatics relating to the meaning of particles. The collection contributes to our theoretical understanding of the meaning of discourse particles and to empirical knowledge of discourse particles in the languages of Asia. It will be of interest to postgraduate students and scholars of semantics and pragmatics.

Philippine English is a comprehensive reference work on the history, sociology, and linguistic structure of Philippine English. It offers readers unprecedented access to a synthesis of the last 50 years of research into Philippine English and puts forward a new and better understanding of the phenomenon of the nativization of English in the Philippines and the emergence of Philippine English. This definitive resource covers in great length and depth all that is currently known about the new English.The chapters offer detailed descriptions of Philippine English at various linguistic levels in addition to examining the psychosociolinguistic factors which shaped the language. Offering discussions of practice, language policy, language education, language teaching, and the relevance of English in various social phenomena in the Philippines, readers will find everything they need to know on theory, methodology, and application in the study of Philippine English.

Präpositionen sind auch für erfahrene Italienischlernende eine Herausforderung.Der vorliegende Band versteht sich als Lehr- und Lernbuchzu diesem Thema. Er besteht aus drei Teilen: Der erste behandelt denZusammenhang zwischen dem bestimmten Artikel und zahlreichen italienischenPräpositionen. Im zweiten geht es um die italienischen Präpositionenmit ihren deutschen Entsprechungen. Der dritte beschäftigt sich mitden wichtigsten deutschen Präpositionen und ihrer Wiedergabe im Italienischen.Dieses Werk kann sowohl von Italienischsprechenden als auchvon Deutschsprechenden verwendet werden. Es ist für alle Sprachstufengeeignet. Die alphabetische Anordnung der Präpositionen erleichtertderen Gebrauch. Kurze Formulierungen der Regeln und Mustersätze mitanschließenden Übungen erleichtern das Studium. Ein Schlüssel zu denÜbungen hilft beim Selbststudium.

Pulling together the threads of forty years of research on oblique subjects in the Germanic languages, this book introduces a novel approach to grammatical relations, based on a definition of subject as the first argument of the argument structure. New data are presented from Gothic, Old Saxon, Old Norse-Icelandic, Old Swedish and Old Danish, as well as from Icelandic, Faroese and German. This includes alternating Dat-Nom/Nom-Dat predicates, where either argument, the dative or the nominative, takes on subject behavior. The subject concept is modeled with the formalism of Construction Grammar, both synchronically and for the purpose of reconstructing grammatical relations for Proto-Germanic.

This collection charts the evolution of grammatical variation in Englishes from Late Middle English to the present, using corpus linguistic tools to address divergence and convergence in local and global perspectives.The book considers both diachronic and synchronic perspectives in grammatical variation across varieties of English across the UK, North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. The volume reflects on the questions of whether patterns of variation diverge or converge and to what extent catalysts for change are shared in time and space. Chapters look at different factors in grammatical variation at both the macro and micro level, investigating specific linguistic and grammatical features but also at wider phenomena in contact linguistics, social patterns, social networks, and media-based corpora. Chapters progress from the local to the global, all with an eye towards using the latest methodological approaches from corpus linguistics to shed light on the affordances of data-informed methods to study grammatical change and the possibilities for future research.This book will be of interest to students and scholars in sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics, and World Englishes.

The papers compiled in the present volume reflect the key theme of the most recent Duo Colloquium sessions – contextuality. The psychological notion of context has been central to translation research for decades, and it has evolved along with the development of translational thought, translation types and tools. The theme of contextuality can be understood at any level, from the geopolitical to the textual, and embraced by both academic and professional considerations of translational and interpreting phenomena. It is centred on context, contexts and/or decontextualisation in translation and interpreting theory and practice from a variety of disciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspectives. Discussing the above-mentioned notions is the subject of the present volume.

This volume provides a systematic comparative treatment of urban contact dialects in the Global North and South, examining the emergence and development of these dialects in major cities in sub-Saharan Africa and North-Western Europe. The book's focus on contemporary urban settings sheds light on the new language practices and mixed ways of speaking resulting from large-scale migration and the intense contact that occurs between new and existing languages and dialects in these contexts. In comparing these new patterns of language variation and change between cities in both Africa and Europe, the volume affords us a unique opportunity to examine commonalities in linguistic phenomena as well as sociolinguistic differences in societally multilingual settings and settings dominated by a strong monolingual habitus. These comparisons are reinforced by a consistent chapter structure, with each chapter presenting the linguistic and social context of the region, information on available data (including corpora), sociolinguistic and structural findings, a discussion of the status of the urban contact dialect, and its stability over time. The discussion in the book is further enriched by short commentaries from researchers contributing different theoretical and geographical perspectives. Taken as a whole, the book offers new insights into migration-based linguistic diversity and patterns of language variation and change, making this ideal reading for students and scholars in general linguistics and language structure, sociolinguistics, creole studies, diachronic linguistics, language acquisition, anthropological linguistics, language education and discourse analysis.

Cet ouvrage se consacre à la notion de terminologienumérique considérée comme uneapproche de la discipline impliquant la représentationnumérique d'informations conceptuelleset linguistiques d'un domaine spécifique.L'objectif est l'illustration des étapes deconception et d'implémentation de base dedonnées terminologiques multilingues permettantle respect des meilleures pratiques dansla gestion des données terminologiques dunumérique. Pour ce faire, l'ouvrage met enexergue les nouvelles compétences du terminologueà l'ère numérique. Celles-ci trouvent leurvéritable essence dans l'esprit interdisciplinaireet collaboratif de la recherche.

‘Nominals'examines and evaluates inflectional patterns for unproblematic nouns, adjectives, pronouns and demonstratives. The section on suffixal derivation of ordinary nominals evaluates the productivity and markedness of noun and adjective forming suffixes. An entire chapter demonstrates how the suffix +sion++e+ varies in words such nação ‘nation'and nacional ‘national'. Problematic phenomena concerning gender and number occur when specific deriving suffixes attach or fail to attach to specific nominals. Diminutive and augmentative suffixes not only convey affect, they also work as deriving morphemes. Prefixes have a major role in nominal formation. Compound nominals are either true or semi-compounds, lexical or grammatical. Each chapter provides a grammar of the phenomena examined.

This monograph presents a contrastive-corpus analysis of the semantic category of gratification. It takes as a case study the verb reward and its various forms in Polish and in English, as prototypical of the semantics of gratification. The study, set predominantly in the framework of semantic syntax, and drawing from the theory of valence and frame semantics, adopts a corpus-driven and usage-based approach to language analysis. By exploring the syntactic realization and distribution of arguments opened by the predicates of gratification in the two languages, the book offers new insights into language representation in English and Polish, and addresses the combinatoricity of human thought and cognitive mechanisms reflected in the lexicalization patterns of the situation of rewarding.

This book includes twelve articles that present new research on the Finnic and Baltic languages spoken in the southern and eastern part of the Circum-Baltic area. It aims to elaborate on the various contact situations and (dis)similarities between the languages of the area. Taking an areal, comparative, or sociolinguistic perspective, the articles offer new insights into the grammatical, semantic, pragmatic, and textual patterns of different types of predicates or nouns or consider the variation of grammatical categories from a typological perspective. The qualitative analyses find support in quantitative data collected from language corpora or written sources, including those representing the less studied varieties of the area.

Linguistic Landscape studies examine language(s) in public spaces. This study focuses on the interplay of language, space and sociocultural context: Yaoundé's Linguistic Landscape is examined with respect to its multilingual and multimodal nature. Next to a sociolinguistic framework, a (socio)cognitive analysis is also put centre stage.

The book takes as its point of departure the notion that similarity and contiguity are fundamental to meaning. It shows how they manifest in oral, literate, print, and internet cultures, in language acquisition, pragmatics, dialogism, classification, the semantics of grammar, literature, and, most centrally, metaphor and metonymy. The book situates these reflections on similarity and contiguity in the interplay of language, cognition, culture, and ideology, and within broader debates around such issues as capitalism, biodiversity, and human control over nature. Positing that while similarity-focused systems can be reductive, and have therefore been contested in social science, philosophy, and poetry, and contiguity-based ones might disregard useful statistical and scientific evidence, Andrew Goatly argues for the need for humans to entertain diverse metaphors, models, and languages as ways of understanding and acting on our world. The volume also considers the cognitive connections between the similarity-contiguity duality and the noun-verb distinction. This innovative volume will appeal to scholars involved in wider debates on meaning, within the fields of cognitive semantics, pragmatics, metaphor and metonymy theory, critical discourse analysis, and the philosophy of language. Equally, the motivated and intelligent general reader, interested in language, philosophy, culture, and ecology, should find the later chapters of the book fascinating, and the earlier technical chapters accessible.

This volume highlights the dynamic nature of the field of English Linguistics and features selected contributions from the 8th Biennial International Conference on the Linguistics of Contemporary English. The contributions comprise studies (i) that focus on the structure of linguistic systems (or subsystems) or the internal structure of specific construction types, (ii) that take an interest in variation at all linguistic levels, or (iii) that explore what linguistic findings can tell us about human cognition in general, and language processing in particular. All chapters represent state-of-the-art research that relies on rigorous quantitative and qualitative analysis and that will inform current and future linguistic practice and theory building.

The Festschrift volume consists of 42 contributions by 55 authors from 13 countries. The papers, written in Catalan, English, French, Russian and Spanish, treat data from these and some other languages (Arabic, BCS [Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian], Czech, Finnish, Hebrew, Korean, Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan [Alaska], Shughni [Pamir]). They pertain to virtually all branches of'core'synchronic linguistics (with occasional excursions into diachrony, literary theory, philology and religious studies): semantics, lexicology / lexicography, syntax and morphology. Some are more theoretically minded while others are focused on pedagogical and / or computational applications of language models, particularly those of the Meaning-Text theory. The topics covered are collocations and other types of phrasemes, lexical functions, syntactic dependencies, argument structure and grammatical voice, to mention just a few.

In a time when female scholars were rare in Japanese universities, Michiko Ogura completed an excellent doctorate in Old English syntax, then achieved a position at Chiba University, from which she obtained a year-long research fellowship in 1983-84 at St Edmund Hall, Oxford. During her career, Ogura has published major works on medieval English syntax, especially verbs. Professor Ogura retired at Chiba, then obtained a major research post at Keio University (2011-2015) and then a post at Tokyo Woman's Christian University, retiring in 2020. She obtained a D.Litt. from Adam Mickiewicz University in Poland in 2008. The international contributors to this volume offer these studies of medieval syntax in her honor, in token of many years of friendship and scholarship.

Der vorliegende Band umfasst Beiträge aus den Bereichen der Sprach-, Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft zum Thema „Sprache und Identität in der lusophonen Welt“. Er nähert sich damit der schwierigen Frage an, was die lusophone Welt auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen vereint und was sie unter Berücksichtigung der Einsicht, dass Sprache und Identität Hand in Hand gehen, trennt. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf dem Dialog zwischen den durchaus sehr unterschiedlichen portugiesischsprachigen Kulturräumen, die von vielfältigen Kultur- und Sprachkontakten geprägt sind, was sich naturgemäß auch auf Sprache, Kultur und Literatur der jeweiligen Räume ausgewirkt hat. Die Beiträge beleuchten diese teils konfliktive Beziehung, die Frage nach der Konstruktion der eigenen Identität, aber auch die Frage nach der Einheit, welche die Sprache den Ländern der Lusophonie verleiht.

Traditionell sind Paradigmen vor allem Gegenstand der Morphologie. Als allgemeines Beschreibungskonzept lassen sie sich jedoch auf Grammatikbeschreibung im Allgemeinen übertragen. Derartige grammatische Paradigmen bilden die Grundlage einer konsequent funktionalen Beschreibung grammatischer Kategorien und deren Oppositions- und Relationsstrukturen. Anhand der Kategorie Modus des Deutschen wird dieses funktionale Beschreibungskonzept empirisch überprüft und weiterentwickelt. Das so entwickelte Konzept erlaubt es, grammatische Kategorien als Zielstrukturen von Grammatikalisierungsprozessen präzise – und basierend auf ihren inhärenten Relationsstrukturen – abzubilden.

Icelandic: An Essential Grammar is a concise and convenient guide to the basic grammatical structure of Icelandic.Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging Grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations and sets out the complexities of Icelandic in short, readable sections. Each grammar point is illustrated with numerous examples drawn from everyday life, clarifying the grammatical structure in use while providing insight into Icelandic culture.Icelandic: An Essential Grammar is the ideal reference grammar for all learners of Icelandic, whether class-based or independent, looking to progress beyond beginner level.

This collection advocates for a more holistic picture of metaphor, extending the field's focus beyond the cognitive paradigm and conventional metaphorical concepts to illustrate the possibilities afforded by the study of living metaphors.The volume brings together a diverse range of researchers in the discipline towards critically examining the presuppositions of the cognitive approach. The book shines a light on living metaphors – creative interpretations of conflictual meaning specific to a text or communicative act with their own unique functions – to throw into relief long-held tenets in existing metaphor research. Chapters reflect on the notion that creative metaphors spring from independent sources, not merely from metaphorical concepts, and the subsequent implications for our understanding of the relationship between linguistic forms and conceptual structures and the role of creative metaphors in organizing thought and action. Taken together, the book offers a complementary vision of languages and figures which integrates disparate lines of study within the cognitive paradigm with alternative perspectives for a more comprehensive portrait of metaphors.This book will be of interest to students and scholars interested in the study of metaphor, including such disciplines as theoretical linguistics, cognitive linguistics, semantics, literary studies, and philosophy of language.

Symmetrizing Syntax seeks to establish a minimal and natural characterization of the structure of human language (syntax), simplifying many facets of it that have been redundantly or asymmetrically formulated. Virtually all past theories of natural language syntax, from the traditional X-bar theory to the contemporary system of Merge and labeling, stipulate that every phrase structure is'asymmetrically'organized, so that one of its elements is always marked as primary/dominant over the others, or each and every phrase is labeled by a designated lexical element. The two authors call this traditional stipulation into question and hypothesize, instead, that linguistic derivations are essentially driven by the need to reduce asymmetry and generate symmetric structures. Various linguistic notions such as Merge, cyclic derivation by phase, feature-checking, morphological agreement, labeling, movement, and criterial freezing, as well as parametric differences among languages like English and Japanese, and so on, are all shown to follow from a particular notion of structural symmetry. These results constitute novel support for the contemporary thesis that human language is essentially an instance of a physical/biological object, and its design is governed by the laws of nature, at the core of which lies the fundamental principle of symmetry. Providing insights into new technical concepts in syntax, the volume is written for academics in linguistics but will also be accessible to linguistics students seeking an introduction to syntax.

Pour ou contre l'écriture inclusive? Si certains d'entre nous répondons spontanément à cette question de manière non équivoque, savons-nous vraiment ce que représente ce concept? D'où vient-il, que signifie-t-il, que contient-il, qui le supporte, qui le répudie, à qui sert-il et dans quel objectif? C'est à toutes ces questions et à bien d'autres que veut répondre le présent livre qui propose un état des lieux de ce phénomène polarisant. Dix textes publiés entre 2017 et 2019 sont analysés afin d'en soutirer les définitions et les arguments qu'on accole au vocable « écriture inclusive ». À visée davantage observatrice que polémique, cette étude se veut un point de départ vers d'éventuelles recherches en genre et langage, sujet inépuisable depuis plus de cinquante ans!