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This book provides a detailed study of approved schools for girls, which operated in England and Wales between 1933-1973. Through original archival research, it traces shifting perceptions of, and policy responses to, girls'delinquency and vulnerability during a period of remarkable social change. It examines the transition of provision for girls and young women'in trouble'from the large-scale post-Victorian reformatories to the therapeutic Community Homes for Education, and the emergence of a'diagnostic shift'in the provision of care for children in the juvenile secure estate. Through examining the experiences of younger children, it provides a more nuanced understanding of the role approved schools played for girls in need of care, protection, or control during this period, evidencing the gendered use of care-or-protection orders throughout, and the policing of child and family behaviours under the guises of the Education Act.

When a class-action lawsuit against the US government results in a billion dollar settlement for the aggrieved parties, you'd expect the story to be headline news...to be posted on social media everywhere... to be adapted to film or even to a popular legal procedural series on TV...So why then have so many people never heard of Pigford vs. Glickman? Or the follow-up lawsuit, Pigford II? Or the Black Farmers Case, as the pair of these legal actions is often called? Could it be that the heart-wrenching story of Black farmers in America, and the monumental legal case that brought long-sought justice to them, is rarely told because it reflects so poorly on the US and its treatment of those whose ancestors helped make the nation an agricultural giant in the first place? Whatever the reason, the time to tell the full story has come and the person to share the gripping details is Greg Francis, one of the lead counsels in the historic case that finally helped Black farmers achieve equity. In Just Harvest, Francis narrates the dramatic twists and turns of the legal battle fought and won, and evidences the many years of ingrained discrimination and racism that preceded it. Awareness of this story makes us all witnesses to the history still unfolding— and while parts of what is recounted herein will enrage you, the hope is that this book will also inspire, inform, and motivate you to join the continuing fight for the rights of all Black farmers now and in the future.

Since the early 1800s, people have made a living fishing and harvesting mussels in the lower Ohio Valley. These river folk are conscious of an occupational and social identity separate from those who earn their living from the land. Sustained by a shared love of the river, deriving joy from the beauty of their chosen environment, and feeling great pride in their ability to subsist on its wild resources and to master the skills required to make a living from it, many still identify with the nomadic houseboat-dwelling subculture that flourished on the river from the early nineteenth century to the 1950s.Today's community of fisherfolk is small and economically marginal, but their activities sustain a complex set of traditional skills and a body of verbal folklore associated with river life. In Flatheads and Spoonies, Jens Lund describes the activities, boats, gear, verbal lore, and sense of identity of the fisher folk of the lower Ohio River Valley and provides historical and ethnobiological background for their way of life. Lund connects the importance of river fish in the diet of inhabitants of the valley to local fishing activities and explores the relationship between river people and those whose culture is primarily land-based, painting a colorful portrait of river fishing and river life.This book offers a look—historical and ethnographic—at a little-known aspect of traditional life in the American Midwest, still surviving today despite immense changes in environment, resources, and economic base.