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Readers who finished the acclaimed 2018 first edition swiftly dove into a second reading. Why the page-turning intrigue? This enriched edition builds on the book's fundamental magnetism for the open-minded - smiling at the wonders of human psychology woven subtly through seeming coincidences. Masterfully staged events feature an ascending cast, yet nothing is random. Will you love finding yourself challenged and enthralled? The recipe is served.Europe endured grave suffering in the 20th century, as conspiring empires played citizens against each other. This book unlocks coded fairytales in political history, made more precious by its unexpected messenger. Readers can uncover how to adjust their interpretive keys, as the powerful secretly do.Intelligence services bank on public ignorance and misunderstanding. This book checks their ledger. Next, it explores the dicey ‘Book of Ideas'gifting game amongst spy agencies vying for influence. Other dispatches: Implanted ideological triggers as viral memes, the Iron Curtain as an extension of divisions sown by elites, cracks in the Cambridge spy ring novel, and why updating one's mental maps is necessary for freedom.

This book is the first systematic study of the genealogy, discursive structures, and political implications of the concept of ‘Greater India', implying a Hindu colonization of Southeast Asia, and used by extension to argue for a past Indian greatness as a colonial power, reproducible in the present and future. From the 1880s to the 1960s, protagonists of the Greater India theme attempted to make a case for the importance of an expansionist Indian civilisation in civilizing Southeast Asia. The argument was extended to include Central Asia, Africa, North and South America, and other regions where Indian migrants were to be found. The advocates of this Indocentric and Hindu revivalist approach, with Hindu and Indian often taken to be synonymous, were involved in a quintessentially parochial project, despite its apparently international dimensions: to justify an Indian expansionist imagination that viewed India's past as a colonizer and civilizer of other lands as a model for the restoration of that past greatness in the future. Zabarskaite shows that the crucial ideologues and elements used for the formation of the construct of Greater India can be traced to the svadeśī movement of the turn of the century, and that Greater India moved easily between the domains of the scholarly and the popular as it sought to establish itself as a form of nationalist self-assertion.

The definitive biography of a distinguished public servant, who as US Secretary of Labor, Secretary of the Treasury, and Secretary of State, was pivotal in steering the great powers toward the end of the Cold War. Deftly solving critical but intractable national and global problems was the leitmotif of George Pratt Shultz's life. No one at the highest levels of the United States government did it better or with greater consequence in the last half of the 20th century, often against withering resistance. His quiet, effective leadership altered the arc of history. While political, social, and cultural dynamics have changed profoundly since Shultz served at the commanding heights of American power in the 1970s and 1980s, his legacy and the lessons of his career have even greater meaning now that the Shultz brand of conservatism has been almost erased in the modern Republican Party. This book, from longtime New York Times Washington reporter Philip Taubman, restores the modest Shultz to his central place in American history. Taubman reveals Shultz's gift for forging relationships with people and then harnessing the rapport to address national and international challenges, under his motto'trust is the coin of the realm'—as well as his difficulty standing up for his principles, motivated by a powerful sense of loyalty that often trapped him in inaction. Based on exclusive access to Shultz's personal papers, housed in a sealed archive at the Hoover Institution, In the Nation's Service offers a remarkable insider account of the behind-the-scenes struggles of the statesman who played a pivotal role in unwinding the Cold War.

The Frontline presents a selection of essays drawn together for the first time to form a companion volume to Serhii Plokhy's The Gates of Europe and Chernobyl. Here he expands upon his analysis in earlier works of key events in Ukrainian history, including Ukraine's complex relations with Russia and the West, the burden of tragedies such as the Holodomor and World War II, the impact of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and Ukraine's contribution to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Juxtaposing Ukraine's history to the contemporary politics of memory, this volume provides a multidimensional image of a country that continues to make headlines around the world. Eloquent in style and comprehensive in approach, the essays collected here reveal the roots of the ongoing political, cultural, and military conflict in Ukraine, the largest country in Europe.

Tod und Sterben entwickelten sich in der Zeitgeschichte zu zentralen gesellschaftlichen Konfliktthemen. Wo war der beste Ort zum Sterben? Wie lange sollte das Leben mit Hilfe der modernen Medizin verlängert werden? Was brauchte der Mensch für einen „guten Tod'? Und durfte über ein vermeintliches Tabuthema überhaupt gesprochen werden? Die Pionierstudie von Florian Greiner untersucht erstmals die Auseinandersetzungen um das Lebensende in beiden deutschen Staaten und der wiedervereinten Bundesrepublik. Greiner zeigt, wie sehr das Sterben nach 1945 zum Gegenstand religiöser, politischer und ökonomischer Deutungskämpfe wurde. Kirchen, Pharmaindustrie, Gesundheitspolitik, Medizin, Sozialwissenschaften, Massenmedien und neue zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen wie die Hospiz- und Sterbehilfebewegung stritten über das Lebensende. Mittels vieler zuvor unerschlossener Quellen aus staatlichen, kirchlichen und privaten Archiven zeigt Greiner, wie die „Entdeckung des Sterbens'das Selbstverständnis moderner Gesellschaften prägte – und wie sehr die Erfahrungen unserer Gegenwart dadurch beeinflusst werden.

Drawing on half a century of firsthand experience and exemplary scholarship, Timothy Garton Ash tells the story of postwar Europe's triumphs and tragedies Winner of the 2024 Lionel Gelber Prize • A Financial Times Best Book of 2023 “An irresistibly well-written book, fluent, witty, and intelligent.”—Neal Acherson, New York Review of Books Timothy Garton Ash, Europe's “historian of the present,” has been “breathing Europe” for the last half century. In Homelands he embarks on a journey in time and space around the postwar continent, drawing on his own notes from many great events, giving vivid firsthand accounts of its leading actors, revisiting the places where its history was made, and recalling its triumphs and tragedies through their imprint on the present. Garton Ash offers an account of events as seen from the ground—history illustrated by memoir. He describes how Europe emerged from wartime devastation to rebuild, to triumph with the fall of the Berlin Wall, to democratize and unite. And then to falter. It is a singular history of a period of unprecedented progress along with a clear-eyed account of how so much went wrong, from the financial crisis of 2008 to the war in Ukraine. From the pen of someone who, in spite of Brexit, emphatically describes himself as an English European, this is both a tour d'horizon and a tour de force.

How can one European capital be responsible for most of the West's intellectual and cultural achievements in the twentieth century? Viennese ideas saturate the modern world. From California architecture to Hollywood Westerns, modern advertising to shopping malls, orgasms to gender confirmation surgery, nuclear fission to fitted kitchens—every aspect of our history, science, and culture is in some way shaped by Vienna. The city of Freud, Wittgenstein, Mahler, and Klimt was the melting pot at the heart of a vast metropolitan empire. But with the Second World War and the rise of fascism, the dazzling coteries of thinkers who squabbled, debated, and called Vienna home dispersed across the world, where their ideas continued to have profound impact. Richard Cockett gives us the entirety of this extraordinary story. Tracing Vienna's rich intellectual history from psychoanalysis to Reaganomics, Cockett encompasses everything from the communist rebels of Red Vienna to the neoliberal economists of the Austrian School. This is the panoramic account of how one city made the modern world—and how we all remain inescapably Viennese.

Using case records of prosecutions at the Scottish High Court of Justiciary between 1918 and 1930, this book takes a quantitative and qualitative approach to understand sexual violence in Scotland at this time. Analysing legal records alongside victim and witness testimonies, Louise Heren analyses who committed sexual violence against whom, where and how and, to an extent, looks to uncover the victims'voice.Assessing how the courts responded, Sex and Violence in 1920s Scotland reveals that, despite pejorative views of working-class female behaviour, the successful conversion of prosecutions to convictions was greater than what is seen in modern sexual assault cases. In a society adjusting to post-conflict stresses, there were fears expressed in middle-class circles that those most affected by the First World War might react with violence. However, the High Court archives suggest otherwise. Cases of incest, rape and sexual assault appears to have been endemic, an opportunistic crime against older victims yet often pre-meditated against the youngest; selfish crimes that suggest toxic masculinity among some working-class men. The book concludes with the ultimate question: why did these men perpetrate sexual violence?

Weilovy novinové reportáže a články pocházejí z doby mezi červencem 1933, kdy autor odjíždí na pracovní pobyt do SSSR, a koncem roku 1937, kdy publikuje román Moskva-hranice. Tehdy je dokonána roztržka s komunistickou stranou, která započala právě během pobytu v Sovětském svazu. Svazek obsahuje mj. titul z roku 1937 Češi stavějí v zemi pětiletek, v němž Weil heroizuje pracovní nasazení svých krajanů, kteří se rozhodli v SSSR žít a pracovat natrvalo.

The story of the friends and allies of the Chinese RevolutionChina's resistance to Imperial Japan was the other great internationalist cause of the ‘red 1930s', along with the Spanish Civil War. These desperate and bloody struggles were personified in the lives of Norman Bethune and others who volunteered in both conflicts. The story of Red Friends starts in the 1920s when, encouraged by the newly formed Communist International, Chinese nationalists and leftists united to fight warlords and foreign domination.John Sexton has unearthearthed the histories of foreigners who joined the Chinese revolution. He follows Comintern militants, journalists, spies, adventurers, Trotskyists, and mission kids whose involvement helped, and sometimes hindered, China's revolutionaries. Most were internationalists who, while strongly identifying with China's struggle, saw it as just one theatre in a world revolution.The present rulers in Beijing, however, buoyed by China's powerhouse economy, commemorate them as ‘foreign friends'who aided China's ‘peaceful rise'to great power status.Founded on original research, it is a stirring story of idealists struggling against the odds to found a better future. The author's interviews with survivors and descendants add colour and humanity to lives both heroic and tragic.

Most books about the Irish Famine tend to take Ireland's reliance on potato for granted and treat the arrival of the deadly blight in 1845 as merely the trigger event that launched a humanitarian crisis—one that the British government famously failed to manage. In this work, considerable attention is paid to the origins and nature of Ireland's dangerous potato dependency. Although introduced into Ireland as a cultivated plant, the potato nevertheless had the impact of an invasive species, disrupting and reorganizing Irish agriculture. Drawing upon ecology and systems theory, this study provides a detailed account of the intricacies of Ireland's potato economy built upon an unstable and unsustainable monoculture that became a cybernetic trap. When almost the whole potato crop failed in the fall of 1846, what began as an ecological disaster quickly became a political one. Hampered by long-standing prejudice and Anglo-Irish tensions, the British government's various attempts to deal with the humanitarian crisis were muddled by competing economic and social goals. Among these was the idea that the Famine represented an “opportunity” to purge Ireland of fragmented land holding and potato dependency by encouraging an English-type market-driven agriculture. Changes did occur, but the government's imperial dreams eventually ran up against Irish realities. This book provides readers with a unique, in-depth understanding of the background to the Irish Famine and a detailed account of the crisis, as well as the immediate and long-term results of the catastrophe. In addition to ecological and agriculture factors, this work shows how cultural, economic and political influences shaped British attitudes and policies. Although Britain's policies reflected anti-Irish prejudices, it was not the “Irish people” who were the victims of the Famine, but rather the Irish poor. By the mid-1840s, Great Britain was an emerging, middle-class democracy imbued with a faith in free markets and a deep suspicion of the poor, English as well as Irish. The Government's response to the Irish Famine reflects the problems democracies often have setting aside class and racial prejudice in order to deal with humanitarian crises.

At every home game of FC Barcelona, at 17 minutes and 14 seconds of play, the 100,000-capacity Camp Nou stadium is filled by the roar of “IN-DE-PEN-DÈN-CI-A!” Time stops for a second. History lives in the present... Catalonia's national consciousness has deep roots. There are countries twice the size with histories half as interesting. A People's History of Catalonia tells that history, from below, in all its richness and complexity. The region's struggle for independence has, for centuries, been violently resisted, the Catalan language suppressed and its leaders jailed. But the fight of an oppressed nation for its sovereignty has often dovetailed with that of a militant working class for social justice. From the peasant revolts of the 15th century and the siege of Barcelona in 1714, to defeat in the Spanish Civil War, and the slow re-emergence of the workers'movement and anti-Francoist resistance in the years that followed, Michael Eaude tells a compelling story whose ending has yet to be written.

A stunningly illustrated history of Venice, from its beginnings as'La Serenissima'–'the Most Serene Republic'– to the Italian city that continues to enchant visitors today.'Everything about Venice,'observed Lord Byron,'is, or was, extraordinary – her aspect is like a dream, and her history is like a romance.'Dream and romance have conditioned myriad encounters with Venice across the centuries, but the city's story embodies another kind of experience altogether – the hard reality of an independent state built on conquest, profit and entitlement and on the toughness and resilience of a free people. Masters of the sea, the Venetians raised an empire through an ethos of service and loyalty to a republic that lasted a thousand years.In this new study of key moments in Venice's history, from its half-legendary founding amid the collapse of the Roman empire to its modern survival as a fragile city of the arts menaced by saturation tourism and rising sea levels, Jonathan Keates shows us just how much this remarkable place has contributed to world culture and explains how it endures as an object of desire and inspiration for so many.

The veteran soldier, Pentagon advisor and White House staffer recounts his long and distinguished military career in this acclaimed memoir.A combat soldier and leader in five wars, R. D. Hooker also served as a White House staff member in four different administrations. He retired in 2010 as the most decorated colonel in the US Army. Beginning with his enlistment at 18 in 1975, this memoir chronicles his experiences in the post-Vietnam Army as a young paratrooper, West Point cadet, and combatant in the many military conflicts which followed. Hooker served in Grenada, Somalia. Rwanda, Bosnia, and Kosovo. He played a key role in the response to 9/11 and returned to combat in Iraq and Afghanistan. He commanded a paratroop company, battalion and brigade and served in the continental US, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Southwest Asia. When not deployed, he taught at West Point and served in several high-level Pentagon assignments and in the White House in the administrations of George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Donald Trump.In The Good Captain, Hooker recounts his storied career with insights and lessons learned through five different conflicts. He also describes each of these campaigns from a strategic and policy perspective informed by his White House and Pentagon experiences as well as years of academic training.

This publication explores the Congo Free State under Leopold II (1885-1908) as a space of transnational encounter through an analysis of its representation across languages, media and cultures. As such, the collections and archives focusing on this period of time, or revisiting the memory of this period at a much later period bring to light new considerations, and help to better envision the impact memory and history may have on specific groups across Europe and Northern America. This book discusses specific issues, and scrutinize various types of collections including manuscript archives dating prior 1908, movies, photographs, paintings, sculptures etc. connected to the Congo Free State period or recalling its memory.

The main subjects of analysis in the present book are the stages of initiation in the grand scheme of Theosophical evolution. These initiatory steps are connected to an idea of evolutionary self-development by means of a set of virtues that are relative to the individual's position on the path of evolution. The central thesis is that these stages were translated from the “Hindu” tradition to the “Theosophical” tradition through multifaceted “hybridization processes” in which several Indian members of the Theosophical Society partook. Starting with Annie Besant's early Theosophy, the stages of initiation are traced through Blavatsky's work to Manilal Dvivedi and T. Subba Row, both Indian members of the Theosophical Society, and then on to the Sanâtana Dharma Text Books. In 1898, the English Theosophist Annie Besant and the Indian Theosophist Bhagavan Das together founded the Central Hindu College, Benares, which became the nucleus around which the Benares Hindu University was instituted in 1915. In this context the Sanâtana Dharma Text Books were published. Mühlematter shows that the stages of initiation were the blueprint for Annie Besant's pedagogy, which she implemented in the Central Hindu College in Benares. In doing so, he succeeds in making intelligible how “esoteric” knowledge was transferred to public institutions and how a broader public could be reached as a result. The dissertation has been awarded the ESSWE PhD Thesis prize 2022 by the European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism.

«Der Weg zur Grenze», 1944/45 im Amsterdamer Versteck der verfolgten deutschen Schriftstellerin Grete Weil entstanden, ist nicht nur der erste Roman der jüdischen Autorin. Er ist bisher nie erschienen und seine Veröffentlichung jetzt eine echte Entdeckung. Im Kern erzählt der Roman, fiktionalisiert und aus dem Autobiographischen ins Exemplarische gehoben, die Liebesgeschichte von Grete Weil und ihrem 1941 im KZ Mauthausen ermordeten Mann Edgar Weil. Er ist außerdem eine Fluchtgeschichte und die Geschichte der Politisierung in einem gebildeten, bürgerlich und kulturell politikfernen Milieu und eine einzigartige Beschreibung der Veränderungen im Alltag, in den Familien und Institutionen seit der Machtergreifung der Nazis 1933. Die Haupterzählung, zugleich Rahmengeschichte, spielt 1936 und handelt von der Flucht der jungen, jüdischen Münchnerin Monika Merton, deren Mann bereits im KZ Dachau getötet worden ist. Da inzwischen auch sie von der Gestapo gesucht wird, macht sie sich, zuletzt zu Fuß und auf Skiern, auf den Weg über die Grenze nach Österreich. Durch Zufall begleitet sie ein junger Bekannter, der Lyriker Andreas von Cornides. Ihm erzählt sie ihre Geschichte: Szenen ihres Lebens in München und im aufgewühlten, rasanten und aufgeheizten Berlin Anfang der Dreißigerjahre, von ihrer Liebe zu ihrem Cousin Klaus, der Ehe, von Reisen und Krisen und der Arbeit an einer alternativen, ländlichen Schule in Bayern, bis die Machtergreifung der Nazis und der wachsende Antisemitismus allem ein Ende bereiten. Ein bedeutendes, zum ersten Mal zugänglich gemachtes Werk der deutschen Literatur, eindrücklich und bewegend, klug und hellsichtig.

When the possibility of wiretapping first became known to Americans they were outraged. Now, in our post 9/11 world, it's accepted that corporations are vested with human rights, and government agencies and corporations use computers to monitor our private lives. David H. Price pulls back the curtain to reveal how the FBI and other government agencies have always functioned as the secret police of American capitalism up to today, where they luxuriate in a near-limitless NSA surveillance of all.Price looks through a roster of campaigns by law enforcement, intelligence agencies and corporations to understand how we got here. Starting with J. Edgar Hoover and the early FBI's alignment with business, his access to 15,000 pages of never-before-seen FBI files shines a light on the surveillance of Edward Said, Andre Gunder Frank and Alexander Cockburn, Native American communists and progressive factory owners.Price uncovers patterns of FBI monitoring and harassing of activists and public figures, providing the vital means for us to understanding how these new frightening surveillance operations are weaponised by powerful governmental agencies that remain largely shrouded in secrecy.

In the span of one generation, the nation witnessed the rapid modernisation, following the discovery of oil, from a scattered tribal land with a primitive economic structure to the regional and global economic powerhouse the UAE became by the late twentieth century. Through interviews from those who steered and experienced the changes, The First Barrel of Fortune explores the development of not only the economy but also the changes on Emirati society's three pillars – the tribe, Islam and the family. “He who does not know his past cannot make the best of his present and future, for it is from the past that we learn.” – Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

'A real treasure that we can't stop exploring'– La Republica Felicia Browne decided it was time to put down her paintbrushes and pick up a rifle. Jimmy Yates left Chicago with three books in his bindle, sacrificing them all on the gruelling trek across the Pyrenees. Salaria Kea worked at the front as a nurse, judged by her skill rather than her skin colour... In 1936 something extraordinary happened. As the threat of fascism swept across the Iberian peninsula, thousands of people from all over the world left their families and jobs to heed the call - No Pasarán! History has never seen a wave of solidarity like it. The Spanish Civil War ended in 1939 with the Republic crushed, but the revolutionary dream of the International Brigades has never burnt out. Through these 60 illustrated profiles, Brigadistes embroiders an epic story of political struggle with the everyday bravery, sorrow and love of those who lived it.

Ausgehend von der Weltwirtschaftskrise behandelt dieser Band die gesellschaftlichen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Dynamiken der Länder Lateinamerikas und gibt einen Ausblick ins 21. Jahrhundert. Dargestellt werden sozioökonomische und politische Wandlungsprozesse, aber auch länderspezifische Besonderheiten, sowie kulturgeschichtliche Entwicklungen neben historiographischen und gesellschaftspolitischen Debatten.

THE INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER!Also on the USA Today, Washington Post, Boston Globe, Globe and Mail, Publishers Weekly, and Indie bestseller lists.One of the most important stories of World War II, already optioned by Steven Spielberg for a major motion picture: a spectacular, searing history that brings to light the extraordinary accomplishments of brave Jewish women who became resistance fighters—a group of unknown heroes whose exploits have never been chronicled in full, until now.Witnesses to the brutal murder of their families and neighbors and the violent destruction of their communities, a cadre of Jewish women in Poland—some still in their teens—helped transform the Jewish youth groups into resistance cells to fight the Nazis. With courage, guile, and nerves of steel, these “ghetto girls” paid off Gestapo guards, hid revolvers in loaves of bread and jars of marmalade, and helped build systems of underground bunkers. They flirted with German soldiers, bribed them with wine, whiskey, and home cooking, used their Aryan looks to seduce them, and shot and killed them. They bombed German train lines and blew up a town's water supply. They also nursed the sick, taught children, and hid families.Yet the exploits of these courageous resistance fighters have remained virtually unknown.As propulsive and thrilling as Hidden Figures, In the Garden of Beasts, and Band of Brothers, The Light of Days at last tells the true story of these incredible women whose courageous yet little-known feats have been eclipsed by time. Judy Batalion—the granddaughter of Polish Holocaust survivors—takes us back to 1939 and introduces us to Renia Kukielka, a weapons smuggler and messenger who risked death traveling across occupied Poland on foot and by train. Joining Renia are other women who served as couriers, armed fighters, intelligence agents, and saboteurs, all who put their lives in mortal danger to carry out their missions. Batalion follows these women through the savage destruction of the ghettos, arrest and internment in Gestapo prisons and concentration camps, and for a lucky few—like Renia, who orchestrated her own audacious escape from a brutal Nazi jail—into the late 20th century and beyond.Powerful and inspiring, featuring twenty black-and-white photographs, The Light of Days is an unforgettable true tale of war, the fight for freedom, exceptional bravery, female friendship, and survival in the face of staggering odds. NPR's Best Books of 2021National Jewish Book Award, 2021Canadian Jewish Literary Award, 2021

'El 14 de noviembre de 1921 nacía el Partido Comunista de España, fruto de la fusión del Partido Comunista Español (conocido como «el de los cien niños») y del Partido Comunista Obrero Español. A lo largo del siglo de existencia que ahora cumple, el comunismo español ha vivido etapas y situaciones muy diversas, casi nunca fáciles. De hecho, la mitad de ese período se corresponde con años de represión y clandestinidad. El nuevo partido sobrevivió a duras penas a una primera década de persecuciones, aislamiento y estéril voluntarismo. Maduró bajo la República, prácticamente se «refundó» como gran partido nacional aferrado a las banderas del Frente Popular y llegó a ser la columna vertebral de la resistencia antifascista durante la Guerra Civil. Derrochó un heroísmo sin horizontes políticos claros duran-te el episodio guerrillero y se convirtió en el «partido del antifranquismo» en la tenaz y dilatada lucha por el restablecimiento de la democracia. Vivió la transición postfranquista entre la esperanza, el desencanto y el desgarro interno. Hubo de adaptarse a la crisis y desaparición del «socialismo real» en la Europa del Este y a los efectos corrosivos de la larga noche neoliberal, manteniendo sus siglas y su identidad, pero implicándose a la vez en proyectos políticos más amplios y renovando partes sustanciales de su vieja cultura política.«Cometimos errores, pero los cometimos luchando», decía Marcos Ana de los comunistas; un siglo de historia y de lucha que merece ser narrado y estudiado.'

What does it mean to be a conservative in Republican China? Challenging the widely held view that Chinese conservatism set out to preserve traditional culture and was mainly a cultural movement, this book proposes a new framework with which to analyze modern Chinese conservatism. It identifies late Qing culturalist nationalism, which incorporates traditional culture into concrete political reforms inspired by modern Western politics, as the origin of conservatism in the Republican era. During the May Fourth period, New Culture activists belittled any attempts to reintegrate traditional culture with modern politics as conservative. What conservatives in Republican China stood for was essentially this late Qing culturalist nationalism that rejected squarely the museumification of traditional culture. Adopting a typological approach in order to distinguish different types of conservatism by differentiating various political implications of traditional culture, this book divides the Chinese conservatism of the Republican era into four typologies: liberal conservatism, antimodern conservatism, philosophical conservatism, and authoritarian conservatism. As such, this book captures – for the first time – how Chinese conservatism was in constant evolution, while also showing how its emblematic figures reacted differently to historical circumstances.

First flown in 1940, the prototype Vought F4U Corsair instantly became the fastest fighter in the world and the fastest US aircraft of any description. Powered by a huge 18-cylinder Pratt and Whitney Double Wasp engine driving an enormous 13 feet 4 inch propeller, the first Corsairs were capable of 417mph. This figure would rise to nearly 450mph in later versions despite the fact that fuel load and overall weight was increased. Production began in 1941, not only by Vought but also by Goodyear and Brewster. The F4U entered service with the US Navy in September 1942, although carrier-borne operations were initiated a little later not by the Americans but by the British Fleet Air Arm. The aircraft subsequently came to be extensively used from land and sea by the US Marines, Royal Navy, and Royal New Zealand Air Force. Famous squadrons like VMF-214'The Black Sheep'and VF-17 ‘Jolly Rogers', along with many others, maintained total ascendancy over the Japanese for the rest of the war - a remarkable achievement for a single type. After the Second World War, the Corsair stayed in production and was used with distinction by the French in Indo-China and again by the US Navy in Korea. Since then, Corsairs have achieved significant success in air races and more and more are being restored to fly for museums and warbird enthusiasts the world over. Martin Bowman's comprehensive new book combines technical information and detailed development history with a fascinating combat history told, in many cases, by the Second World War pilots themselves. Well researched, readable, and illustrated with dozens of rare and previously unpublished photographs, The Men Who Flew the Vought F4U Corsair is the perfect book for any fan of the ‘bent wing bird'.

Drawing on material from eighty archives in six different countries worldwide, as well as eyewitness testimonies from over 100 former pupils, Helen Roche presents the first comprehensive history of the Third Reich's most prominent elite schools, the National Political Education Institutes (Napolas / NPEA). The Napolas provided an all-encompassing National Socialist'total education', featuring ideological indoctrination, premilitary training, and a packed programme of extracurricular activities, including school trips and exchanges throughout Europe and beyond. Combining all the most seductive elements of reform-pedagogy, youth-movement traditions, and the militaristic ethos of the Prussian cadet schools, the schools took pupils from the age of ten, aiming to train them for leadership roles in all walks of life. Those who successfully passed the gruelling entrance examination, which tested applicants'physical prowess, courage, and alleged'racial purity'along with their academic abilities, had to learn to live in a highly militarized and enclosed boarding-school community. Through an in-depth depiction of everyday life at the Napolas, as well as systematic analysis of the ways in which different schools within the NPEA system were shaped by their previous traditions, this study sheds light on the qualities which the Nazi regime desired to instil in its future citizens, whilst also contributing to key debates on the political, social, and cultural history of the Third Reich, demonstrating that the history of education and youth can illuminate the broader history of this era in novel ways. Ultimately, the NPEA can be seen as the Nazi dictatorship's most effective educational experiment.

A riveting study of Africa's demographics – its youth and growth – and what they mean for the continent, today and into the future.'Essential reading'Guardian'Intensely researched – and very important!'The Week'The research in Youthquake is meticulous'Tim Marshall, Reaction'Attempts to end the hysteria and ignorance surrounding demographic trends'New Statesman'Meticulously researched, nuanced and brilliant'Mary HarperAfrica's population growth in the last 50 years has been unprecedented. By mid-century, the continent will make up a quarter of the global population, compared to one-tenth in 1980. Africa's youth is the most striking aspect of its demography. As the rest of the world ages, almost 60 per cent of Africa's population is younger than 25 years old. This'youthquake'will have immense consequences for the social, economic and political reality in Africa. Edward Paice presents a detailed, nuanced analysis of the varied demography of Africa. He rejects the fanciful over-optimism of some commentators and doom-laden prophecies of others, while scrutinising received wisdom, and carefully considering the ramifications of the youthquake for Africa and the world.

The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle-Eastern and North African History critically examines the defining processes and structures of historical developments in North Africa and the Middle East over the past two centuries. The Handbook pays particular attention to countries that have leapt out of the political shadows of dominant and better-studied neighbours in the course of the unfolding uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa. These dramatic and interconnected developments have exposed the dearth of informative analysis available in surveys and textbooks, particularly on Tunisia, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain and Syria.

In jüngster Zeit werden Forderungen nach einer Stärkung von Forschung und Bildung auf europäischer Ebene laut. Die Studie legt offen, dass viele der heute diskutierten Ideen und Konzepte für eine vertiefte hochschulpolitische Kooperation in Europa bereits seit den 1950er Jahren existierten. Der Autor schildert eine spannungsreiche Geschichte voller Kontroversen über Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der tertiären Bildung auf europäischer Ebene. Europas Hochschulleiter organisierten sich und stritten mit Regierungen sowie hohen Beamten über das Für und Wider europäischer Hochschulpolitiken. Der Gründung der Europäischen Rektorenkonferenz lag dabei ein Paradoxon zugrunde: Rektoren und Vizekanzler begannen ihre Zusammenarbeit zu europäisieren, um eine Europäisierung im Hochschulwesen zu verhindern. Erst in den 1970er Jahren änderte sich ihre Einstellung, was in entscheidender Weise zur Herausbildung der europäischen hochschulpolitischen Gegenwart beitrug.

Die'langen'1970er Jahre waren durch tiefgreifende Umwälzungen in Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Wissenschaft und Technologie gekennzeichnet. In diesem Zeitraum erfolgten zentrale Weichenstellungen, die für einzelne Branchen und Unternehmen lang anhaltende Prosperität oder einen Niedergang einleiteten. Viele damalige Entscheidungen sind heute noch prägend für die Unternehmen, einzelne Wirtschaftsregionen und auch die gesellschaftlich-kulturellen Verhältnisse in der Bundesrepublik. Dennoch oder gerade deshalb divergieren die bisherigen Interpretationen in der Wissenschaft und die Einordnung dieses Jahrzehnts in längerfristige Abläufe, weshalb die Autorinnen und Autoren in diesem Sammelband bereits bestehende Forschungsthesen, vor allem das Krisennarrativ, einer kritischen Analyse unterziehen. Dabei nehmen sie zudem bisher wenig beachtete Aspekte, insbesondere die Mikro- und Mesoebene und das Verhältnis von Innovativität und Krise, in den Blick. Indem sich die Autorinnen und Autoren mit den technisch-wirtschaftlichen, politisch-gesellschaftlichen sowie kulturellen Veränderungsprozessen aus verschiedenen Perspektiven auseinandersetzen, trägt dieser Sammelband zu einer interdisziplinären Betrachtungsweise des komplex-mehrschichtigen Phänomens der Epochenschwelle der'langen'1970er Jahre bei.

This book is a comprehensive and dispassionate analysis of the intriguing Macedonian Question from 1878 until 1949 and of the Macedonians (and of their neighbours) from the 1890s until today, with the two themes intertwining. The Macedonian Question was an offshoot of the wider Eastern Question – i.e., the fate of the European remnants of the Ottoman Empire once it dissolved. The initial protagonists of the Macedonian Question were Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia, and a Slav-speaking population inhabiting geographical Macedonia in search of its destiny, the largest segment of which ended up creating a new nation, comprising the Macedonians, something unacceptable to its three neighbours.Alexis Heraclides analyses the shifting sands of the Macedonian Question and of the gradual rise of Macedonian nationhood, with special emphasis on the Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian claims to Macedonia (1870s–1919); the birth and vicissitudes of the most famous Macedonian revolutionary organization, the VM(O)RO, and of other organizations (1893–1940); the appearance and gradual establishment of the Macedonian nation from the 1890s until 1945; Titos's crucial role in Macedonian nationhood-cum-federal status; the Greek-Macedonian name dispute (1991–2018), including the ‘skeletons in the cupboard'– the deep-seated reasons rendering the clash intractable for decades; the final Greek-Macedonian settlement (the 2018 Prespa Agreement); the Bulgarian-Macedonian dispute (1950–today) and its ephemeral settlement in 2017; the issue of the Macedonian language; and the Macedonian national historical narrative. The author also addresses questions around who the ancient Macedonians were and the fascination with Alexander the Great. This monograph will be an essential resource for scholars working on Macedonian history, Balkan politics and conflict resolution.

While Protestant Christians made up only a small percentage of China's overall population during the Republican period, they were heavily represented among the urban elite. Protestant influence was exercised through churches, hospitals, and schools, and reached beyond these institutions into organizations such as the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) and YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association). The YMCA's city associations drew their membership from the urban elite and were especially influential within the modern sectors of urban society. Chinese Protestant leaders adapted the social message and practice of Christianity to the conditions of the republican era. Key to this effort was their belief that Christianity could save China — that is, that Christianity could be more than a religion focused on saving individuals, but could also save a people, a society, and a nation. Saving the Nation recounts the history of the Protestant elite beginning with their participation in social reform campaigns in the early twentieth century, continuing through their contribution to the resistance against Japanese imperialism, and ending with Protestant support for a social revolution. The story Thomas Reilly tells is one about the Chinese Protestant elite and the faith they adopted and adapted, Social Christianity. But it is also a broader story about the Chinese people and their struggle to strengthen and renew their nation — to build a New China.

The year 1983 began like any other year in Canada's West Coast province. Then everything suddenly changed. The newly elected provincial government announced an avalanche of far-right legislation that shocked the country. A resistance movement called Solidarity quickly formed across British Columbia, uniting social activists and trade unionists and people who had never protested before. The movement rocked social foundations, resulting in massive street protests, occupations, and plans for an all-out general strike. Filled with revealing interviews and lively, insightful prose, Solidarity goes behind the scenes of one of the great social uprisings in North American history. In recreating this one singularly dramatic event, Solidarity chronicles the history of 20th century British Columbia, exploring its great divides and unions, cultures and subcultures, and conflicts that continue into the 21st century.

The volume focuses on the years following the First World War (1918–1923), when political, military, cultural, social and economic developments consolidated to a high degree in Eastern Europe. This period was shaped, on the one hand, by the efforts to establish an international structure for peace and to set previously oppressed nations on the road to emancipation. On the other hand, it was also defined by political revisionism and territorial claims, as well as a level of political violence that was effectively a continuation of the war in many places, albeit under modified conditions. Political decision-makers sought to protect the emerging nation states from radical political utopias but simultaneously had to rise to the challenges of a social and economic crisis, manage the reconstruction of the many extensively devastated landscapes and provide for the social care and support of victims of war.

The authoritative account of the infamous runaway MP, by his daughter.'A compelling account of an extraordinary political scandal, written from inside the Stonehouse family'. Martin Bell On 20 November 1974, British Labour MP and Privy Counsellor John Stonehouse faked his death in Miami and, using a forged identity, entered Australia hoping to escape his old life and start anew. One month later his identity was uncovered and he was cautioned; the start of years of legal proceedings. In a tale that involves spies from the communist Czechoslovak secret service, a three-way love affair and the Old Bailey, John's daughter examines previously unseen evidence, telling the dramatic true story for the first time, disputing allegations and upturning common misconceptions which are still in circulation. The story was never far from the front pages of the press in the mid-70s, and yet so much of the truth is still unknown. A close look at the political dynamics of the time; paced like a thriller, it's time for the world to know the real John Stonehouse.

Why has Portugal's vibrant and creative cinema industry not been more commercially successful?This book traces the evolution of Portuguese cinema between the beginning of the New Cinema movement in 1960 and the height of the economic crisis in 2010 from a socio-cultural and economic perspective. It aims to explain why this vibrant and creative industry has not been more commercially successful and pays especial attention to questions of financial viability, domestic consumption, international distribution, and the effects of legislation. It shows how film-makers have responded to historical difficulties and material obstacles and how market conditions have influenced aesthetics. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data, film theory, and history, the book assesses the place of Portuguese cinema within Portuguese culture as well as the wider film world. While focussed on the case of Portugal, it also sheds light on problems faced by other peripheral film cultures in the international marketplace and on the festival circuit.

Denkmalpflege und -schutz befanden sich in der DDR in einem Gefüge divergierender Interessen, die es wiederholt auszuhandeln galt. Franziska Klemstein präsentiert ein differenziertes Bild denkmalpflegerischer Denk- und Arbeitsweisen sowie regionale Unterschiede im Zeitraum von 1952 bis 1975. Sie veranschaulicht das Handlungsgefüge der institutionellen Denkmalpflege im Spannungsfeld zwischen Kultur und Bauwesen und rückt exemplarisch Handlungsmöglichkeiten und die Auswirkungen konkreter Entscheidungen ausgewählter Akteur•innen wie Ludwig Deiters, Fritz Rothstein und Käthe Rieck ins Zentrum der Untersuchung.

This book meticulously recreates the most important episodes in Czech-German relations in what is now the Czech Republic. Drawing on extensive archival research, Stephen M. Thomas depicts the formation of the Czechoslovak Republic from the ruined Austro-Hungarian empire and examines political and public life between world wars via the ethnic rivalry between Germans and Czechs. He questions the nature, legitimacy and political viability of the nation state, and especially its relationship to ethnic minorities, such as the Slovaks. Confrontational nationalism and the use of ethnicity as a political tool are no less common today than they were in the 20th century. This book's radical contribution to studies of nationalism and ethnicity is that it juxtaposes German and Czech perspectives of power and oppression as part of the same story. This framework allows us to appreciate new complexities regarding the creation of Czechoslovakia and ponder them in 21st century terms.

This interdisciplinary volume explores various identities and their expressions in Georgia from the early 19th century to the present. It focuses on memory culture, the politics of history, and the relations between imperial and national traditions. It also addresses political, social, cultural, personal, religious, and gender identities. Individual contributions address the imperial scenarios of Russia's tsars visiting the Caucasus, Georgian political romanticism, specific aspects of the feminist movement and of pedagogical reform projects before 1917. Others discuss the personality cult of Stalin, the role of the museum built for the Soviet dictator in his hometown Gori, and Georgian nationalism in the uprising of 1956. Essays about the Abkhaz independence movement, the political role of national saints, post-Soviet identity crises, atheist sub-cultures, and current perceptions of citizenship take the volume into the contemporary period.

By providing a survey of consumption and lifestyle in Hungary during the second half of the twentieth century, this book shows how common people lived during and after tumultuous regime changes. After an introduction covering the late 1930s, the study centers on the communist era, and goes on to describe changes in the post-communist period with its legacy of state socialism. Tibor Valuch poses a series of questions. Who could be called rich or poor and how did they live in the various periods? How did living, furnishings, clothing, income, and consumption mirror the structure of the society and its transformations? How could people accommodate their lifestyles to the political and social system? How specific to the regime was consumption after the communist takeover, and how did consumption habits change after the demise of state socialism? The answers, based on micro-histories, statistical data, population censuses and surveys help to understand the complexities of daily life, not only in Hungary, but also in other communist regimes in east-central Europe, with insights on their antecedents and afterlives.

Dem Wissen um den amoralischen Charakter der nationalsozialistischen und kommunistischen Herrschaft stand nach 1945/1989 das Bedürfnis der Menschen gegenüber, sich auch an die schönen Momente im eigenen Leben während der Diktatur zu erinnern. Daraus ergab sich ein moralisches Dilemma: Wie konnte die problematische Vergangenheit in die eigene Lebenserzählung integriert werden? Möglich war das vor allem in „Erzählgemeinschaften'der Zeitzeugen, aber auch in nonverbalen Formen des Erinnerns – etwa durch das Einrichten privater Museen und Sammlungen obsolet gewordener Alltagsgegenstände, entlang derer sich wiederum Narrative herausbildeten. Der Band geht der Frage nach den wechselnden Rahmenbedingungen des positiven Erzählens über Diktaturen des 20.　Jahrhunderts nach. Hierbei werden West- und Ostdeutschland, die ehemalige Sowjetunion und die Tschechoslowakei in den Blick genommen.

“A thorough examination of Operation Lamar Plain from the point of view of the soldiers on the ground, particularly those of Sherwood's company.” —ARMY MagazineCourage Under Fire is the first book published about Operation Lamar Plain. After 50 years, the story of the renowned 101st Airborne's major offensive near Tam Ky, South Vietnam remains largely unknown. Fighting at Tam Ky by the 1st Brigade began 15 May 1969 while the 101st's 3rd Brigade battled on Hamburger Hill. The political consequences of Hamburger Hill's high casualties caused Lamar Plain and its high casualties to remain classified and undisclosed. Decades later, the fighting at Tam Ky is mostly forgotten except by those who fought there.Sherwood's superb research of now declassified records uncovers how such a large battle could remain hidden and undisclosed. But that is not the heart of his story. His focus is on the courage and commitment of the young infantry soldiers who fought. Courage Under Fire uses actual battle records and eyewitness accounts to follow “Never Quit” Delta Company and its sister companies through 28 days of continuous combat at Tam Ky. Delta Company's soldiers lived up to their motto despite increasing casualties, a tough enemy, harsh battlefield conditions, and loss of leaders. For all who fought at Tam Ky, their bravery and devotion to duty in an increasingly unpopular war is worthy to be remembered. With veterans of Tam Ky now growing older and fewer in number, it is past time to tell their story.“Sherwood has written one of the best, most comprehensive accounts of Vietnam War combat published to date.” —MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History

The generation of young men and women who joined the British Army during the mid to late 1980s would serve their country during an unprecedented period of history. Unlike the two world war generations, they would never face total war – there was never any declaration of war and there was no one single country to defeat. In fact, it was supposed to have been the end of war, a time of peace and stability. Politicians started to use the term, Peace Dividend, with government officials even planning on how and where it should be spent. But for those in the military, the two decades following the end of the Cold War would not be a time of peace. Government spending and the size of the military was reduced but the Army's commitments increased exponentially. Those serving not only faced continuous deployment in overseas operations, they would also be involved in immense upheavals that took place within the army. When the Berlin Wall came down, the British Army had not changed for decades. The ending of the Cold War, combined with a technological revolution, a changing society at home, and new global threats mean that the Army of the second decade of the twentieth-first century – the army this generation of soldiers is now retiring from – is unrecognizable from the one they joined in the late 1980s. This is the story of the soldiers who served in the British Army in those tumultuous decades.

Der kommunistische Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus in der Praxis: spannungsvoll und widersprüchlich. Verrat hatte verheerende Auswirkungen im kommunistischen Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus. Es handelte sich um eine periphere, der Partei aufgezwungene und zugleich todernste Angelegenheit, die nicht nur über das Leben des Einzelnen entscheiden konnte, sondern die versprengten Reste der Kommunistischen Parteiorganisation existenziell bedrohte. Udo Grashoff unternimmt die erste systematische Analyse der Erscheinungsformen von Verrat in der illegal tätigen KPD im'Dritten Reich'. In den Blick geraten dabei unter anderem das kommunistische Überläufertum im Jahr 1933, die Kollaboration von Mitarbeitern des KPD-Nachrichtendienstes mit der Gestapo, die Resignation von emigrierten Kommunisten und die Haltung der KPD zu Spitzeltötungen. Der Autor untersucht ein breites Spektrum von Verhaltensweisen, das von skrupellosem, durch Folter erzwungenen bis zu simuliertem Verrat reicht. Zahlreiche Geschichten von Schwäche, Gewalt, Tragik und Niedertracht machen die Blindstellen des normativen Bildes sichtbar, das insbesondere, aber nicht nur, in der DDR vom'antifaschistischen Widerstandskampf'vermittelt wurde.

This concise people's history of Europe tells the story of the last hundred years of a very old continent and the ordinary people that shaped the events that defined it from World War I to today. From the Russian Revolution, through May'68 and the Prague Spring, to the present day, we hear from workers, trade unionists, conscientious objectors and activists and learn of revolutions, labour movements, immigration struggles and anti-colonial conflicts. Cutting against the grain of mainstream histories, this is a history of Europe told from below. Containing new and fascinating insights, Raquel Varela paints a different picture of the European story; one where ordinary Europeans are active agents of their own history.

Bringing together researchers in modern British religious, political, intellectual and social history, this volume considers the persistence of the Church's public significance, despite its falling membership.During the twentieth century, the relationship between the Church of England and the British state was transformed. The character and dynamics of the connections shifted as politics became more democratic and society more secular,as the role of the Crown and parliament in Church government was curtailed, and as the Christian foundations of secular law were weakened. Yet the increasing formal separation of Church and state was not accompanied by ecclesiastical disengagement from politics and government. Despite its falling membership, the Church of England continued - and continues - to wield influence on political life in Britain. This volume of essays brings together researchers in modern British religious, political, intellectual and social history to consider the persistence of the Church's public significance. The introduction reviews the developing literature on the relationships between the Church, the state and politics from 1900 to recent times. The essays which follow consider aspects of these complex intersections: in parliament, party politics and the parish; on the nature of the Church establishment and conceptionsof national identity; in religious and sexual education; on colonial and foreign policies; on race and the multi-faith society. In these various ways, the volume shows that pronouncements on a modern demise of ecclesiastical influence in political life have been premature. TOM RODGER is an independent researcher based in British Columbia. PHILIP WILLIAMSON is professor of modern history at Durham University. MATTHEW GRIMLEY is associate professor in modern history at the University of Oxford and fellow and tutor at Merton College. Contributors: Arthur Burns, Andrew Connell, Hannah Elias, Simon Green, Matthew Grimley, Daniel S. Loss, Stephen Parker and Rob Freathy, Laura Ramsey, Tom Rodger, Julia Stapleton, Sarah Stockwell, Peter Webster, and Philip Williamson.

'A truly thrilling expose of the previously unknown Nazi assassination plot that could have changed history.'— Edward Jay Epstein, New York Times bestselling author of The Assassination ChroniclesThe New York Times bestselling author returns with a tale as riveting and suspenseful as any thriller: the true story of the Nazi plot to kill the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the U.S.S.R. during World War II.The mission: to kill the three most important and heavily guarded men in the world.The assassins: a specially trained team headed by the killer known as The Most Dangerous Man in Europe.The stakes: nothing less than the future of the Western world.The year is 1943 and the three Allied leaders—Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin—are meeting for the first time at a top-secret conference in Tehran. But the Nazis have learned about the meeting and Hitler sees it as his last chance to turn the tide. Although the war is undoubtedly lost, the Germans believe that perhaps a new set of Allied leaders might be willing to make a more reasonable peace in its aftermath. And so a plan is devised—code name Operation Long Jump—to assassinate FDR, Churchill, and Stalin.Immediately, a highly trained, hand-picked team of Nazi commandos is assembled, trained, armed with special weapons, and parachuted into Iran. They have six days to complete the daring assignment before the statesmen will return home. With no margin for error and little time to spare, Mike Reilly, the head of FDR's Secret Service detail—a man from a Montana silver mining town who describes himself as “an Irish cop with more muscle than brains”—must overcome his suspicions and instincts to work with a Soviet agent from the NKVD (the precursor to the KGB) to save the three most powerful men in the world.Filled with eight pages of black-and-white photographs, Night of the Assassins is a suspenseful true-life tale about an impossible mission, a ticking clock, and one man who stepped up to the challenge and prevented a world catastrophe.

Die für die moderne chinesische Geschichte charakteristische Verbindung von Kultur und Politik gewinnt in der Bewegung des 4. Mai 1919 ihren ersten prägnanten Ausdruck. Die Beiträge des vorliegenden Bandes blicken in unterschiedlichen Perspektiven auf den chinesisch-deutschen Ideenaustausch, der die jene Bewegung kennzeichnende Kontroverse zwischen chinesischer Überlieferung und westlicher Moderne begleitete und nicht selten inspirierte.

Winner of the 2020 National Outdoor Book Award for Best History/BiographyA saga of survival, technological innovation, and breathtaking human physical achievement -- all set against the backdrop of a world headed toward war -- that became one of the most compelling international dramas of the 20th century. As tension steadily rose between European powers in the 1930s, a different kind of battle was already raging across the Himalayas. Teams of mountaineers from Great Britain, Nazi Germany, and the United States were all competing to be the first to climb the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest and K2. Unlike climbers today, they had few photographs or maps, no properly working oxygen systems, and they wore leather boots and cotton parkas. Amazingly, and against all odds, they soon went farther and higher than anyone could have imagined.And as they did, their story caught the world's attention. The climbers were mobbed at train stations, and were featured in movies and plays. James Hilton created the mythical land of Shangri-La in Lost Horizon, while an English eccentric named Maurice Wilson set out for Tibet in order to climb Mount Everest alone. And in the darkened corridors of the Third Reich, officials soon discovered the propaganda value of planting a Nazi flag on top of the world's highest mountainsSet in London, New York, Germany, and in India, China, and Tibet, The World Beneath Their Feet is a story not only of climbing and mountain climbers, but also of passion and ambition, courage and folly, tradition and innovation, tragedy and triumph. Scott Ellsworth tells a rollicking, real-life adventure story that moves seamlessly from the streets of Manhattan to the footlights of the West End, deadly avalanches on Nanga Parbat, rioting in the Kashmir, and the wild mountain dreams of a New Zealand beekeeper named Edmund Hillary and a young Sherpa runaway called Tenzing Norgay.Climbing the Himalayas was the Greatest Generation's moonshot-one that was clouded by the onset of war and then, incredibly, fully accomplished. A gritty, fascinating history that promises to enrapture fans of Hampton Sides, Erik Larson, Jon Krakauer, and Laura Hillenbrand, The World Beneath Their Feet brings this forgotten story back to life.

'[A] smart take on modern Chinese nationalism'(Foreign Policy), this provocative account shows that “China”—and its 5,000 years of unified history—is a national myth, created only a century ago with a political agenda that persists to this day China's current leadership lays claim to a 5,000-year-old civilization, but “China” as a unified country and people, Bill Hayton argues, was created far more recently by a small group of intellectuals. In this compelling account, Hayton shows how China's present-day geopolitical problems—the fates of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and the South China Sea—were born in the struggle to create a modern nation-state. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, reformers and revolutionaries adopted foreign ideas to “invent'a new vision of China. By asserting a particular, politicized version of the past the government bolstered its claim to a vast territory stretching from the Pacific to Central Asia. Ranging across history, nationhood, language, and territory, Hayton shows how the Republic's reworking of its past not only helped it to justify its right to rule a century ago—but continues to motivate and direct policy today.