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Look beyond the pretty cottages and gentle landscapes of the Cotswolds, and you will find a dark history of crime and punishment. From child thieves, poachers, conmen, prostitutes and would-be suicides to bigamists, highwaymen and murderers, the Cotswolds has had its fair share of criminals – treated in what appears to us today to be an arbitrary and often unduly harsh manner by judges and juries. What crimes were committed in this rural society in the past, and how were they punished? This book looks at the variety of punishments bestowed to miscreants – from being hanged from a portable gallows at the scene of a crime to transportation or hard labour – and why some were punished more than others. Evidence is taken from contemporary sources: prison records, newspaper accounts and broadsides that celebrated the lives and deaths of local characters. It is a fascinating and shocking read.

Look beyond the pretty cottages and gentle landscapes of the Cotswolds, and you will find a dark history of crime and punishment. From child thieves, poachers, conmen, prostitutes and would-be suicides to bigamists, highwaymen and murderers, the Cotswolds has had its fair share of criminals – treated in what appears to us today to be an arbitrary and often unduly harsh manner by judges and juries. What crimes were committed in this rural society in the past, and how were they punished? This book looks at the variety of punishments bestowed to miscreants – from being hanged from a portable gallows at the scene of a crime to transportation or hard labour – and why some were punished more than others. Evidence is taken from contemporary sources: prison records, newspaper accounts and broadsides that celebrated the lives and deaths of local characters. It is a fascinating and shocking read.

To refer to the private life of Charles II is to abuse the adjective. His personal life was anything but private. His amorous liaisons were largely conducted in royal palaces surrounded by friends, courtiers and literally hundreds of servants and soldiers. Gossip radiated throughout the kingdom.Charles spent most of his wealth and his intellect on gaining and keeping the company of women, from the lowest sections of society such as the actress Nell Gwyn to the aristocratic Louise de Kérouaille. Some of Charles'women played their part in the affairs of state, coloring the way the nation was run.The authors take us inside Charles'palace, where we will meet court favorites, amusing confidants, advisors jockeying for political power, mistresses past and present as well as key figures in his inner circle such as his'pimpmasters'and his personal pox doctor.The astonishing private life of Charles II reveals much about the man he was and why he lived and ruled as he did. The King's Bed tells the compelling story of a king ruled by his passion.

Berkshire Murders is an examination of some of the county's most notorious and shocking cases. They include Hannah Carey, beaten to death by her husband at Warfield in 1851; young Hannah Gould, whose throat was cut by her father in a frenzied attack at Windsor in 1861; Nell Woodridge, murdered by her husband in 1896 and later immortalised in Oscar Wilde's The Ballad of Reading Gaol; Annie Davis, killed by her lover in 1912; and Minnie Freeman Lee, whose body was discovered in a trunk in 1940. John Van der Kiste's carefully researched, well-illustrated and enthralling text will appeal to all those interested in the darker side of Berkshire.

Long relegated to the margins of historical research, the history of women in the American South has rightfully gained prominence as a distinguished discipline. A comprehensive and much-needed tribute to southern women's history, Half Sisters of History brings together the most important work in this field over the past twenty years.This collection of essays by pioneering scholars surveys the roots and development of southern women's history and examines the roles of white women and women of color across the boundaries of class and social status from the founding of the nation to the present. Authors including Anne Firor Scott, Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, and Nell Irwin Painter, among others, analyze women's participation in prewar slavery, their representation in popular fiction, and their involvement in social movements. In no way restricted to views of the plantation South, other essays examine the role of women during the American Revolution, the social status of Native American women, the involvement of Appalachian women in labor struggles, and the significance of women in the battle for civil rights. Because of their indelible impact on gender relations, issues of class, race, and sexuality figure centrally in these analyses.Half Sisters of History will be important not only to women's historians, but also to southern historians and women's studies scholars. It will prove invaluable to anyone in search of a full understanding of the history of women, the South, or the nation itself.Contributors. Catherine Clinton, Sara Evans, Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, Jacqueline Jones, Suzanne D. Lebsock, Nell Irwin Painter, Theda Perdue, Anne Firor Scott, Deborah Gray White

This volume presents a companion text to ancient Greek poet Apollonius of Rhodes, author of the epic poem Argonautica, which stands on a level of importance with other major ancient epics like the Aeneid or the Odyssey. Ruth Scodel and her contributors examine Apollonius'work from three points of view—his literary influences and impact on contemporary writers, the actual work of Apollonius, and his later reception in Latin. This companion volume seeks to help readers with varied reasons to be interested in Apollonius—whether they are interested in Latin poets whom he influenced, or in patronage, or narrative method. A Companion to Apollonius of Rhodes aims to help contemporary readers appreciate what is most characteristic of Apollonius'epic—its fascination with ritual and myth, gods who act without the direction of Zeus, frequent distanced narration, the portrayal of characters in situations where there are no good choices. It includes thorough analyses of the poem's relationship to contemporary art with illustrations and treats familiar topics, such as Jason's leadership, with nuance. Contributors include Benjamin Acosta-Hughes, Annemarie Ambühl, Anja Bettenworth, Keyne Cheshire, Christopher Chinn, James Clauss, Adele Teresa Cozzoli, Kristopher Fletcher, Alexander Hollmann, Regina Höschele, Niklas Holzberg, Alison Keith, Adolf Köhnken†, Anatole Mori, William H. Race, Norman Sandridge, Selina Stewart, Stefanie Stürner, and Graham Zanker.

'Rocket Facts'explores the fascinating world of rockets, from their historical origins to their pivotal role in modern space exploration. The book traces the evolution of rocket technology, beginning with early gunpowder experiments in ancient China and culminating in the sophisticated multi-stage rockets that enable spaceflight today. Did you know that understanding rocket propulsion involves principles like Newton's laws of motion and thermodynamics? The book makes these complex concepts accessible, ensuring readers grasp the fundamentals of how rockets generate thrust and navigate the vacuum of space. The book progresses across chapters, detailing the history, science, and diverse applications of rocketry. It examines different types of rocket engines, propellants, and the physics governing their operation, as well as the role of rockets in satellite deployment, space missions, and commercial space activities. A key insight is how rocket technology is critical for addressing humanity's challenges, such as climate monitoring and the search for extraterrestrial life. Through historical context, scientific explanations, and real-world examples,'Rocket Facts'provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of rocket technology for anyone interested in space exploration and science.

Historians have well described how US immigration policy increasingly fell under the purview of federal law and national politics in the mid-to-late nineteenth century. It is far less understood that the rights of noncitizen immigrants in the country remained primarily contested in the realms of state politics and law until the mid-to-late twentieth century. Such state-level political debates often centered on whether noncitizen immigrants should vote, count as part of the polity for the purposes of state legislative representation, work in public and publicly funded employment, or obtain professional licensure. Enacted state alienage laws were rarely self-executing, and immigrants and their allies regularly challenged nativist restrictions in court, on the job, by appealing to lawmakers and the public, and even via diplomacy. Battles over the passage, implementation, and constitutionality of such policies at times aligned with and sometimes clashed against contemporaneous efforts to expand rights to marginalized Americans, particularly US-born women. Often considered separately or treated as topics of marginal importance, Disparate Regimes underscores the centrality of nativist state politics and alienage policies to the history of American immigration and citizenship from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. It argues that the proliferation of these debates and laws produced veritable disparate regimes of citizenship rights in the American political economy on a state-by-state basis. It further illustrates how nativist state politics and alienage policies helped to invent and concretize the idea that citizenship rights meant citizen-only rights in law, practice, and popular perception in the United States.

The Second World War in Eastern Europe is far from a neglected topic, especially since social, cultural, and diplomatic historians have entered a field previously dominated by operational histories, and produced a cornucopia of new scholarship offering a more nuanced picture from both sides of the front. However, until now, the story has still been disjointed and specialized, whereby military, social, economic, and diplomatic histories continue to give their own separate accounts. This collection of essays attempts to bring these themes into a more cohesive whole that tells a complex, multifaceted story of war on the Eastern Front as it truly was.This is one of the few critical examinations that includes both perspectives and looks at the war as a multi‑front effort. It also reveals how myths are created around military conflicts and have direct relevance to current developments in Europe, linking them to a broader discussion of the Second World War, its impact and utility today. It gives a historical dimension to pressing issues and will be of interest and relevance to history students, policymakers, political scientists, diplomats, and foreign policy experts.The Eastern Front will be a useful reference source, since some chapters rely on extensive new archival research and materials, ego sources, as well as extensive findings of non‑Western scholars, thereby bringing their work to the attention of a broader audience.

Fino alla Prima guerra mondiale, l'Impero ottomano aveva dominato il Medio Oriente per quattro secoli. La sua caduta, unita al successivo scontro delle politiche imperiali europee, ha scatenato un'ondata di disordini e conflitti. Perché? In questo libro T.G. Fraser mette insieme le tessere della complicata storia del Medio Oriente non turco nell'ultimo secolo. L'obiettivo è offrire a chi legge una visione d'insieme, una sintesi di linee di frattura, eredità dell'imperialismo, competizione tra governi secolari e autocratici, nonché l'ascesa e il declino del nazionalismo arabo. In questo contesto si inserisce il XXI secolo, segnato prima dall'11 settembre, poi dalla Primavera araba, dalla guerra civile in Siria e dal conflitto a Gaza. I fatti, le donne e gli uomini che hanno plasmato il Medio Oriente, come lo conosciamo oggi

The volume explores the unpublished work of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch Kyrillos Loukaris (c.1570–1638), specifically focusing on his sermons delivered between 1602 and 1626. The study centers on Loukaris'extant sermons, preserved in an autograph manuscript corpus titled Didachae, currently housed in the collection of the Metochion of the Holy Sepulchre. Following a comprehensive codicological and paleographical examination and the compilation of an annotated inventory of the material, the volume delves into various scholarly inquiries. These include identifying the official corpus of Loukaris'homiletic work, defining criteria for the standard form, structure, subject matter, and language of the sermons, and analyzing the numerous references to the preacher's diverse readings, including both Orthodox and Latin sources. Moreover, the inventory encompasses all entries found in the codices, presenting the internal classification of the sermons, their methodologies, arguments, the development of each topic, and the application of systems for subsequent processing and revision of the material. Consequently, the description of Loukaris'unpublished Didachae, regarded as his magnum opus, significantly enriches the modern bibliography on the Patriarch and contributes to the growing field of Eastern Christian homiletics in the early modern period.

The genesis of this volume lies in the online conference held by Nottingham Trent University in 2022. This was the eighth in the series of military orders conferences organised since 1992. The conference fostered rich exchange and debate, as reflected in the twenty-three chapters in this book.The Military Orders Volume VIII – organised around five thematic axes: interactions, administration, religion, perceptions, and approaches – offers a broad coverage in terms of geographical variety, chronological spread, and thematic focus, as well as a wide variety of approaches and methodologies. As such, this book shows the dynamism of the study of the military orders – a subject of continued scholarly focus and widespread popular interest – and holds the promise for many more exciting initiatives in the future.This book will appeal to students and scholars alike interested in the military religious orders and the crusades, as well as all those interested more generally in the medieval and early modern world.

History of Self-Timers explores the fascinating evolution and impact of a seemingly simple device on photography and society. The book traces the self-timer's journey from early mechanical designs to its ubiquitous presence in digital cameras and smartphones, revealing its profound influence on portrait photography, group shots, and self-portraiture. Interestingly, it explores how the self-timer not only changed photographic technology, but also democratized image-making, empowering individuals to control their own representation and fostering new forms of social connection. The book examines the social impact of self-timers, particularly its role in family portraits and amateur photography, and analyzes its artistic impact on self-portraiture and contemporary art. Organized chronologically, the book begins with the introduction of mechanical self-timers and progresses through their social and artistic implications in the 20th century, culminating in a discussion of their current state and future implications in digital photography. By studying vintage camera catalogs, photographic journals, and even design patents, the book paints a vivid picture of how the self-timer became a catalyst for social empowerment and creative expression.

Would Burns'Take the Knee'today? How could our Burns, the people's poet, look to become an instrument in what many now call'The Black Holocaust'? Did Burns intend to travel knowing he would become a slavedriver, and broadly what that meant in terms of imposing suffering on others? Did this knowledge change his mind on emigrating to Jamaica? What would Burns have done had he actually gone? In the last decade of his life, as the debate for Abolition grew louder in Scotland, to what extent did this campaigning tide of information change his mindset? How was Burns used after his death in the fights for Abolition and Emancipation, particularly in the USA – in its Civil War and its Civil Rights movement? Through meticulous research and a compelling narrative, Clark McGinn examines Burns'connections to the transatlantic slave trade, highlighting the paradoxes and moral conflicts during the poet's time. He does not shy away from uncomfortable truths, presenting a nuanced portrait that challenges readers to reconcile Burns'literary genius with the ethical ambiguities of his time. Burns and Black Lives is an essential read for those interested in the intersections of literature, history and social justice, offering a profoundre-examination of one of Scotland's most iconic figures.

Andrea Graziosi traccia il percorso che ha portato, dall'età antica ai nostri giorni, allo sviluppo del concetto di razza e a leggere la storia come lotta tra popoli e razze, costellata da guerre e genocidi. E oggi? Nel mondo la razza è tornata. Prepotentemente, come colore della pelle, e spesso come rivendicazione identitaria. Il fatto che siano gli individui a riconoscersi anche orgogliosamente come appartenenti a una razza o a un gruppo di discendenza, non rende il concetto meno falso e pericoloso. Il passo dall'umanità alla bestialità è breve, soprattutto nei periodi di crisi come quello che stiamo attraversando. La politica saprà mettere in circolo i giusti anticorpi e ribadire l'unità di una specie umana arricchita da differenze in continua evoluzione o verrà travolta da questo ritorno?

German Empires and Decolonial Fantasies, 1492–1942 investigates the ways German-speaking Europe's cultural narratives reflect histories of entanglement with the colonial world. Drawing from an impressive range of sources, Patricia Anne Simpson decodes the ironclad colonial logic that reproduces and inflects tropes of the conquistador, scientific explorer, and pioneers. She brings them into dialogue with a cast of historical agents who reimagine the cannibal, the enslaved, the conquered, Indigenous interlocutors, and the ungovernable. Throughout, intersectional attributes of race, gender, ethnicity, and religion reconfigure around shades of European whiteness. Individual chapters explore the Hohenzollern legacy in early modernity; debates about sovereignty and enslavement; recruitment literature, prose and fiction about migration and colonization in Africa and the Americas; and colonial memoirs driven by recolonial fantasies after 1918. German Empires and Decolonial Fantasies advances efforts to decolonize the multiple disciplines that intersect the field of German studies, including literary criticism, history, philosophy, art history, and anthropology. German Empires and Decolonial Fantasies, 1492–1942 draws from a wide range of sources, from a seventeenth-century Brandenburg fort on the coast of Ghana to a novella about a beleaguered colonial administrator in German East Africa, to advance an interdisciplinary discourse at the nexus of colonial narratives and national imaginaries. Through detailed case studies, Simpson argues for the inclusion of voices that pushed back against imperialist expansion or intervention, as well as those historical actors who disputed the supremacy of whiteness and the persuasive power of German-centric national history.

This volume sheds new light on the intellectual history of the Renaissance by focusing on the neglected paradigm of scholasticism. Its chapters aim to recast our present understanding of familiar features of Renaissance thought by showing that many of the assumed innovations of the period took place as a result of a dialogue between plural traditions of scholasticism and the emerging methods of humanism. Written by a team of internationally recognized experts, the volume seeks to further enfranchise scholasticism as an integral aspect of Renaissance intellectual history and explain its value to the study of humanism and early modern philosophy.

Der Band präsentiert ausgewählte Ergebnisse der 38. Jahrestagung der Prinz-Albert-Gesellschaft, die vor dem Hintergrund der 200. Geburtstage der Königin Victoria von Großbritannien und Irland und des Prinzen Albert von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha im Jahr 2019 in Coburg durchgeführt wurde. Indem sie nach den »Wegen und Wirkungen« Victorias und Alberts fragen, verfolgen die hier versammelten Studien allesamt einen rezeptionsgeschichtlichen Ansatz, der es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht hat, nicht nur die Biographien der beiden Protagonisten zu thematisieren, sondern vielmehr auf deren historisches Vermächtnis zu fokussieren. So werden bleibende Eindrücke der Herrschaftspraxis Victorias und Alberts ebenso beleuchtet wie ihr dynastisches Erbe und die geschichtspolitische sowie mediale Auseinandersetzung mit ihrer historischen Wirklichkeit. Durch ihre vergleichende Perspektive soll die Summe der Ergebnisse zur Erforschung der deutsch-britischen Beziehungsgeschichte im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert beitragen.

L'opera teatrale del premio Nobel Dario Fo (1926-2016) è caratterizzata da una grande ambivalenza. I suoi detrattori lo accusavano di essere solamente un clown politico, ideologo e polemico, ignorando la rilevanza culturale dei suoi lavori, in cui ha esplorato le possibilità delle forme del teatro medievale e rinascimentale rielaborandone le tradizioni popolari per creare un teatro politico in forte continuità con il passato. La presente raccolta di saggi vuole contribuire a gettare nuove prospettive di studio sull'opera di Fo e sulla dialettica che ha sviluppato tra politica e linguaggio teatrale nel panorama dei mass media. I contributi prendono in analisi come Fo e Franca Rame (1929-2013) insieme abbiano elaborato la sua riconoscibilissima modalità scenico-performativa, che si rifà alla giullarata medievale, alla commedia dell'arte, alla farsa, alla pantomima, e che si avvale di soluzioni linguistiche come il grammelot, nonché di una gestualità e di una mimica molto personali. Il discorso politico di Fo e la sua rilettura della storia emergono necessariamente come i grandi temi della raccolta.

A revelatory look at modern liberalism's historical evolution and enduring impact on contemporary politics and society. Since the 1960s, American liberalism and the Democratic Party have been remade along professional class lines, widening liberalism's impact but narrowing its social and political vision. In Mastery and Drift, historians Brent Cebul and Lily Geismer have assembled a group of scholars to address the formation of “professional-class liberalism” and its central role in remaking electoral politics and the practice of governance. Across subjects as varied as philanthropy, consulting, health care, welfare, race, immigration, economics, and foreign conflicts, the authors examine not only the gaps between liberals'egalitarian aspirations and their approaches to policymaking but also how the intricacies of contemporary governance have tended to bolster professional-class liberals'power. The contributors to Mastery and Drift all came of age amid the development of professional-class liberalism, giving them distinctive and important perspectives in understanding its internal limitations and its relationship to neoliberalism and the Right. With never-ending disputes over the meaning of liberalism, the content of its governance, and its relationship to a resurgent Left, now is the time to consider modern liberalism's place in contemporary American life.

Every year, the Bibliography catalogues the most important new publications, historiographical monographs, and journal articles throughout the world, extending from prehistory and ancient history to the most recent contemporary historical studies. Within the systematic classification according to epoch, region, and historical discipline, works are also listed according to author's name and characteristic keywords in their title. Volume LXXXIV (2015) mentions works published with the date 2015, in thirty-five languages (in order of appearance: Italian, French, Latin, Hebrew, Romanian, English, German, Castilian, Spanish, Dutch, Persian, Hungarian, Swedish, Latvian, Arab, Portuguese, Serbian, Finnish, Danish, Slovak, Polish, Croatian, Russian, Bulgarian, Norwegian, Greek, Turkish, Japanese, Catalan, Czech, Lithuanian, Chinese, Korean, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Kurdish). The large Editorial Board of IBHS is interdisciplinary and multinational, reflecting the composition of the research community the journal will serve. This breadth of languages ​​and countries represented is an important sign of continuity in a publication characterized since from its origins by a broad sight and a collective work.

This book explores the history, practice, and possibilities of writing about the lives of First Nations'peoples in Australia as well as Aotearoa New Zealand, North America, and the Pacific.This interdisciplinary collection recognises the limitations of Western biographical conventions for writing Indigenous long‑ and short‑form biographies. Through a series of diverse life stories of both historical and contemporary First Nations figures, this book investigates innovative ways to ameliorate the challenges we face in recovering the stories of Indigenous people and reimagining their lives in productive new ways. Many of the chapters in this collection are deeply reflective, aiming not just to relate the life story of an individual but also to reflect on the archival, intellectual, and emotional journeys that biographers undertake in researching Indigenous biography.This volume will be of value to scholars and students interested in Indigenous Studies, biography, history, literature, creative writing, archaeology, and colonial and postcolonial studies.

The study of representational art traditionally focusses on what is represented rather than what is missing. Robert Couzin's Unrepresented: The Suppression of Images in the Middle Ages is a unique study of figures and attributes left out of the picture. Why avoid depicting the dead body of Christ, Muhammad, the reigning emperor or biblical text? What explains changes in the approach to representing heretics and Jews? Through a series of case studies, this book shows how omissions could reflect strategic decisions based on political designs, social frameworks, religious practices, evolving mentalities and theological doctrines.

This volume examines the ‘phenomenon'of translation from Greek into Latin from the eleventh century to the thirteenth. These translated texts prompted Western scholars to rediscover the works of classical Greek and Byzantine authors and reshape the medieval intellectual landscape. Though our agenda focuses on translations of scientific texts, the collection of essays here also offers the reader insights into the broader cultural, social, and political functions and implications of individual translations and translation more broadly as a practice. Contributors are Dimiter Angelov, Péter Bara, Pieter Beullens, Alessandra Bucossi, Luigi d'Amelia, Paola Degni, Michael Dunne, Elisabeth Fisher, Brad Hostetler, Estelle Ingrand-Varenne, Marc Lauxtermann, Tamás Mészáros, James Morton, Teresa Shawcross, and Anna Maria Urso.

Plato's Timaeus inspired a uniquely enduring interest across disciplines. In the centuries between its composition and the seventeenth century, scholars looked to this dialogue for answers to questions about the structure of the universe and how to live a healthy and happy life. They saw cosmology as vital to medicine and ethics; and, for them, harmony in music and architecture facilitated balance in the human soul. This interdisciplinary collection explores how the dialogue transformed the disciplines of cosmology, music, medicine, and architecture, and how new intellectual and cultural developments in turn shaped and re-contextualized interpretations of Plato's ideas.

Rather than a chronological account, this history contains discussions of topics ranging from economics and diplomacy to industrial capacity and armored doctrine. The author challenges claims that Italians were militarily incompetent by examining the influence of demography, natural resources, industrial capacity, and Italy's allies on its war efforts during both world wars. He also challenges assertions that ideology determined the choice of allies and formulation of military doctrine, and arguments that Italy's war effort was negligible in world wars. Based on primary and secondary sources, this revisionist history contains seventy-four tables and arguments rarely found in the literature in English.

At the zenith of its power, Britain, the'Workshop of the World', dominated the globe with military might and commercial acuity. The celebration of Queen Victoria's sixty years on the throne was carefully positioned to highlight the country's strength, especially in the face of rising competition from other nations. The festivities brought together, in a show of force, the Queen's widely extended family, foreign dignitaries, diplomats, foreign royals and world leaders. Extraordinary pageantry, parades and royal receptions served to dramatise the unparalleled significance of the event. The most important occasion, however, was the Devonshire House Ball, given at huge expense by the Hanover-born German'Double Duchess'of Devonshire. The Duchess – having married not one but two English Dukes – took to the task with alacrity, bringing together an extraordinary group of nobles, politicians, plutocrats, influential foreigners and bankers, hosting the most famous party of the century: a fancy-dress ball with a guest list of the 700 social, political, cultural and prominent'celebrities'of the day. A specially commissioned tent – equipped with hand-painted backdrops, the most technically advanced cameras and lighting, along with realistic props – was set up in the magnificent gardens to capture the glamorous guests. Many of the exquisite costumes – all of pre-eighteenth-century characters – were preserved by photograph and are shown here, colourised for the first time, to give us a sense of the wondrous, glorious occasion of the Ball.

Performing Public History explores history-telling as a performance across a wide range of media, including theatre and film, historical re-enactments and living history performances, operas, and video games.Taking historians as storytellers, this book illustrates how the choices they make shape historical meaning. While historians may strive to be objective when they research and write the past, they inevitably draw on their imagination, emotions, and creativity, aligning them with others who make history in public. The book explores issues such as the nature of archives, realism, fact and fiction, accuracy and authenticity, and actants and audiences. It draws on case studies from all parts of the world, offering global perspectives that invite a rethinking about what history is, and how and why we do it. Sharing work by graduate students, the author also offers an appendix of classroom exercises that instructors will find valuable.Written accessibly for students, this volume offers a succinct account of the discipline of history, the field of public history, and how performance is a useful concept for thinking about history work.

Founded in 1833 by white teacher Prudence Crandell, Canterbury Academy educated more than two dozen Black women during its eighteen-month existence. Racism in eastern Connecticut forced the teen students to walk a gauntlet of taunts, threats, and legal action to pursue their studies, but the school of higher learning flourished until a vigilante attack destroyed the Academy. Jennifer Rycenga recovers a pioneering example of antiracism and Black-white cooperation. At once an inspirational and cautionary tale, Canterbury Academy succeeded thanks to far-reaching networks, alliances, and activism that placed it within Black, women's, and abolitionist history. Rycenga focuses on the people like Sarah Harris, the Academy's first Black student; Maria Davis, Crandall's Black housekeeper and her early connection to the embryonic abolitionist movement; and Crandall herself. Telling their stories, she highlights the agency of Black and white women within the currents, and as a force changing those currents, in nineteenth-century America. Insightful and provocative, Schooling the Nation tells the forgotten story of remarkable women and a collaboration across racial and gender lines.

In 1842, Black Rhode Islanders secured a stunning victory, a success rarely seen in antebellum America: they won the right to vote. Amid heightened public discourse around shifting ideas of race, citizenship, and political rights, they methodically deconstructed the arguments against their enfranchisement, exposing the arbitrariness of the color line in delineating citizenship rights and choosing the perfect moments in which to act forcefully. At the head of this movement, a cohort of prominent business and community members formed an early example of a Black leadership class in the US. CJ Martin draws upon a wealth of sources—including personal correspondences, government and organizational documents, tax records, and petitions—to argue that Black leaders employed a unique combination of agitation and accommodation to ensure the success of the movement. By investigating their tactics, Martin deepens the story of how race played a crucial role in American citizenship, and by focusing on Black leadership, he relates this history through the people who lived it—who thought, debated, petitioned, and enacted their own liberation. Telling the story of a fight that was as important to the pioneers of interracial democracy as it was for the civil rights activists of the twentieth century, The Precious Birthright provides new insight into the larger story of Black freedom.

A first-class narrative writer blends his unique cartographic and topographic understanding of the key ports of early seaborne commerce. We may think of “globalism” as a recent development but its origins date back to the fifteenth century and beyond, when seafarers pioneered routes across the oceans with the objectives of exploration, trade, and profit. These voyages only became possible after certain technical innovations—improvements in ship design, compasses, and mapping—enabled navigation across unprecedented distances. The mariners'embarkation points were the vibrant ports of the West—Venice, Amsterdam, Lisbon—and their destinations the exotic ports of the East—Malacca, Goa, Bombay—where they tracked down the elusive spices, so much in demand by Western palates. This development of maritime communication brought benefits apart from culinary delights: the spread of ideas on art, literature, and science. But it was not necessarily beneficial for everyone concerned: colonial ambitions were often disastrous for local populations, who were frequently exploited as slave plantation labor. This wide-ranging account of a fascinating period of global history uses original maps and contemporary artists'views to tell the story of how each port developed individually while also encouraging us to consider contrasting points of view of the benefits and the damages of the maritime spice trade.

This volume is concerned with the eschatology of Origen, the great 3rd century theologian and philosopher of Alexandria. Of all the doctrines attributed to him, those on the resurrection of man and the end of days have evoked the most opposition and controversy, from Antiquity to the Patristic scholarship of today. Professor Crouzel argues that the thought of Origen himself has been consistently misunderstood and distorted, from the time of Methodius of Olympia onwards, and that renewed examination of Origen's own surviving writings can lead to a radically differing assessment of the orthodoxy of his views. Among the particular points discussed are Origen's doctrine of Purgatory, commonly supposed to be a particularity of the Latin Church, and the relationship in his thought between the final purification at the end of time and the spiritual purification of existence here on earth. Ce volume traite de l'eschatologie d'Origène, le grand théologian et philosophe alexandrin du IIIe siècle. De toutes les doctrines qui lui sont attribuées, ce sont celles sur la resurrection de l'homme et a la fin des jours qui ont provoqué le plus d'oppositionet de controverse de l'Antiquitié jusqu'à notre époque. Le Père Henri Crouzel maintient que la pensée veritable d'Origène à été constamment mal interpretéee et corrompue et ce, dès l'époque de Méthode d'Olympe. Selon l'auteur, un nouvel examen des écrits d'Origène peut mener à une appréciation totalement différente de l'orthodoxie du theeologien. Parmi les points spécifiques debattus sont: la doctrine d'Origène sur la purgatoire - communément supposée être un domaine latin - et sur le rapport, dans ses pensées, entre l'ultime purificationde la fin des temps et celle, d'ordre spirituel, de l'existence ici-bas sur terre.

This latest collection of studies by James Brundage deals with the emergence of the profession of canon law and with aspects of its practice in the period from the 12th to the 14th centuries. Substantial numbers of lawyers systematically trained in canon law first appeared in Western Europe during the second half of the 12th, century and in the 13th they began to dominate the hierarchy of the Western church. By 1250 canon law had grown into something more than a profitable occupation: it had become a recognizable profession in the strict meaning of the term as it is still used today. University law faculties trained aspiring canonists in the mysteries of their craft and put them through intellectually demanding exercises that terminated in a formal examination before they received their degrees. Judges in church courts formally admitted them to practice after verifying their educational qualifications and administered prescribed rules of conduct. Particular topics are the canonists'system of legal ethics, the education and training of canon lawyers in university law faculties, and some fundamental features of the professional practice of canon law, both in medieval Europe and in the crusading states of the Levant.

A major theme in the volume of articles by Janet Nelson is the usefulness of gender as a category of historical analysis. Papers range widely across early medieval time and geographical as well as social space, but most focus on the Carolingian period and on royalty and elites. The workings of dynastic political power are viewed in social as well as political context, and the author explores the realities of gendered power, which while constraining women, gave them distinctive possibilities for agency. These papers offer new perspectives on the Carolingian world in general and on Charlemagne's reign in particular.

In The Souls of Black Folk, W. E. B. Du Bois brilliantly details the African American experience. Yet the renowned sociologist was also an astute chronicler of white people, particularly their racism. As Unveiling the Color Line demonstrates, Du Bois's trenchant analysis of whiteness and white supremacy began in his earliest work—his 1890 speech on Jefferson Davis—and continued in every major book he published in his more than sixty-year career, up to The Black Flame Trilogy. Lisa J. McLeod traces the development of Du Bois's conception of whiteness, and the racism inherent to it, as an all-encompassing problem, whether predicated on ignorance, moral failure, or the inability to recognize the humanity in other people. In clear, elegant prose, McLeod investigates Du Bois's complex and nuanced thinking, putting his insights into dialogue with contemporary racial theorists to demonstrate his continuing value to present-day critical thought and activism.

The standard work about Gutenberg in the final version of the author.

From the images carved and painted to the buildings edified, from liturgical objects to reliquaries and tombs, from books to personal objects of piety, this volume reflects the many domains where the relation between materiality and devotion can be a prospect and a problem. It intersects the material, functional, performative and aesthetic dimensions with the different readings it calls for, the cognitive and emotional apprehensions, the representations (erudite and popular) it associates with, the practices that it sustains, the memories that polarize and legitimize, the powers that were affirmed through it. It discloses the diversity of variants such as wealth and social position, literate training, and gender differences.

This book gives an account of the origins of theoretical mechanics in antiquity, its limited reception in the Arabic and Latin Middle Ages, and its recovery and subsequent development in Italy to the time of Galileo. From late antiquity to the fifteenth century, the ancient science of mechanics—the theory of machines—was almost completely unknown in the Latin west. Then, from the mid-fifteenth century on, Italian humanists began to recover the ancient texts, and from them through the sixteenth century Italian mathematicians restored the ancient science of mechanics. The Renaissance of Mechanics first examines the principal ancient works on mechanics—the Aristotelian Mechanical Problems, the mechanical geometry of Archimedes, and Hero's Mechanics—and then describes their limited reception in the Arabic world and their even more limited transmission to the medieval Latin west. It then traces their recovery in the fifthteenth century and their assimilation inthe sixteenth by Niccolò Tartaglia, Francesco Maurolico, and Guidobaldo dal Monte, culminating in Galileo's rediscovery of Hero's lost mechanical principles. The book ends with an examination of Galileo's mechanics and its relation to his new science of motion, and suggests how modern mechanics would emerge from these ancient roots. Detailed analyses of these works offer new insights and interpretations while remaining accessible to general historians. The Renaissance of Mechanics will be of especial interest to those working in the fields of renaissance humanism and the history of ancient, medieval, and renaissance science and mathematics.

La estrategia del FAL se caracterizó por privilegiar el uso de un método, la lucha armada, por sobre la definición de un programa político. Este rasgo contribuyó a la constitución de un frente militar y entorpeció la construcción de una organización partidaria. La llegada al gobierno de Lanusse y la profundización de una estrategia que apuntaba a una salida electoral, instalan la necesidad de clarificar y definir posiciones políticas. Pero FAL, que se había concentrado en forma excluyente en el desarrollo de acciones armadas, carecía de definiciones políticas sólidas para responder a esta nueva coyuntura. En consecuencia, se desarticula. La magnitud de éste déficit debe medirse en el marco de la crisis orgánica abierta con los acontecimientos de 1969, cuya resolución a favor de los intereses de las amplias masas movilizadas requería un elevado nivel de organización popular. La dificultad demostrada por FAL para disputar la conducción estratégica del proceso a la burguesía expresa parte de los límites subjetivos de la fuerza social revolucionaria. Asimismo, este caso contribuye a explicar por qué, a pesar de la potencia surgida de los hechos insurreccionales del periodo, las organizaciones de izquierda que nacieron o se consolidaron en esa etapa no lograron hegemonizar a la gran mayoría de la clase obrera, que permaneció fiel a una estrategia reformista.

Most studies of the Salem witch trials focus on social history and the dynamics between accused and accusers. Science and Specters at Salem turns instead to the intellectual background of the judges to understand why they accepted controversial types of evidence.The role of judges in a witch trial was central. Goldish argues that in Salem the judges'acceptance of questionable touch tests and spectral evidence was a result of their intellectual commitments. Several of the Salem judges were highly educated, and some of them were adherents of a particular philosophical school in England led by Henry More and Joseph Glanvill which Goldish calls'the anti-Sadducees.'He demonstrates how the ideas of these leading thinkers, friends of Robert Boyle and Sir Isaac Newton, could have led to the deaths of twenty accused witches in Salem.This book will interest students and scholars of witch trials, American colonial history, Atlantic history, legal history and early modern Europe, as well as lay readers wanting a better understanding of Salem.

Unraveling a complex web of tension, distrust, and political maneuvering, Damming the Gila continues the story of the Gila River Indian Community's struggle for the restoration of its water rights. This volume continues to chronicle the history of water rights and activities on the Gila River Indian Reservation. Centered on the San Carlos Irrigation Project and Coolidge Dam, it details the history and development of the project, including the Gila Decree and the Winters Doctrine. Embedded in the narrative is the underlying tension between tribal growers on the Gila River Indian Reservation and upstream users. Told in seven chapters, the story underscores the idea that the Gila River Indian Community believed the San Carlos Irrigation Project was first and foremost for their benefit and how the project and the Gila Decree fell short of restoring their water and agricultural economy. Damming the Gila is the third in a trio of important documentary works, beginning with DeJong's Stealing the Gila and followed by Diverting the Gila. It continues the story of the Gila River Indian Community's fight to regain access to their water.

Il presente volume raccoglie sedici contributi che analizzano le costanti Studies on Periodicals and Newspapers e le variabili storiche e di genere dello speciale rapporto tra la riflessione e la discussione sulla lingua e i giornali cartacei ed elettronici pubblicati dal XVIII al XXI secolo. I temi affrontati al loro interno spaziano dalla riflessione sulla natura comunicativa (provocazione, educazione, polemica ecc.) e sulle forme testuali del commento linguistico sui giornali (rubrica stabile, articolo individuale, corrispondenza tra un giornalista e i lettori ecc.) all'indagine sugli argomenti del commento linguistico (neologismi e innovazioni in genere; rapporti con le altre lingue; uso pubblico, mediatico e istituzionale della lingua ecc.), dal tratteggio di profili di commentatori linguistici all'individuazione delle strategie del discorso sulla lingua nei giornali (stereotipi nella pubblicità e nella promozione della lingua, rappresentazione del rapporto tra lingue nazionali e lingue regionali, sfruttamento della lingua per attuare o evitare la discriminazione sociale).

An important contribution to early public debates on the nature of women written by a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. Pompeo Colonna's In Defense of Women (1530), presented in this volume in Latin and English translation, is one of several important defenses of women composed in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries by male advocates of women's moral and intellectual worth. Known as a cardinal and a warrior, but also as an active participant in sixteenth-century Italian literary circles, Colonna addresses the work to his cousin Vittoria Colonna, the most renowned Italian woman poet of the era, who, he writes, had urged him to undertake it. His Defense not only refutes arguments of women's inferiority and incapacity but, remarkably, asserts their ability to hold political office and govern. It contains original Latin text and a critical introduction by Franco Minonzio. It also features a foreword by Margaret L. King, as well as a postscript by King, tracing the separate male-authored and female-authored Renaissance defenses of women.

An eye-opening and richly detailed history of women's sexuality that upends entrenched perceptions of the long eighteenth century. Libertine London investigates the sex lives of women throughout the period 1680 to 1830, known as the long eighteenth century. The book uncovers the various experiences of women, whether as mistresses, adultresses, or as participants in the sex trade. From renowned courtesans to downtrodden streetwalkers, it examines the multifaceted lives of these women within brothels, on stage, and even behind bars. Based on new research in court transcripts, asylum records, magazines, pamphlets, satires, songs, theater plays, and erotica, Libertine London reveals the gruesome treatment of women who were sexually active outside of marriage. Julie Peakman looks at sex from women's points of view, undercutting the traditional image of the bawdy eighteenth century to expose a more sordid side, which often left women distressed, ostracized, and vilified for their sexual behavior.

In the appendix inter alia 34 hitherto unpublished fragments both in poetry and in prose.

From the United States'earliest days, African Americans considered education essential for their freedom and progress. Linda M. Perkins's study ranges across educational and geographical settings to tell the stories of Black women and girls as students, professors, and administrators. Beginning with early efforts and the establishment of abolitionist colleges, Perkins follows the history of Black women's post–Civil War experiences at elite white schools and public universities in northern and midwestern states. Their presence in Black institutions like Howard University marked another advancement, as did Black women becoming professors and administrators. But such progress intersected with race and education in the postwar era. As gender questions sparked conflict between educated Black women and Black men, it forced the former to contend with traditional notions of women's roles even as the 1960s opened educational opportunities for all African Americans. A first of its kind history, To Advance the Race is an enlightening look at African American women and their multi-generational commitment to the ideal of education as a collective achievement.

Fin da Se questo è un uomo e La tregua, Primo Levi dispiega di fronte al lettore una costellazione di personaggi: personaggi «pescati» dal vivo, «riprodotti con un'impressione soggettiva»; personaggi «spaccati» e «ricombinati» (non solo da tipi umani esistenti ma anche dalla tradizione letteraria). Questo volume offre una prima mappatura critica dei personaggi leviani, e mira a dare avvio a indagini sulla loro costruzione, sulla loro configurazione narrativa e linguistica, così come sul loro statuto ontologico all'interno del mondo possibile dell'universo letterario. Studiare l'opera di Levi attraverso gli «esemplari umani» che la popolano si rivela un ingresso privilegiato: illumina da una nuova prospettiva i debiti verso la tradizione romanzesca del novecento (soprattutto tedesca e anglosassone), l'uso della prima persona e le strategie di proiezione dell'io, la dialettica tra scrittura testimoniale e racconto fantastico, la componente morale in rapporto all'uso di alcune tecniche narrative, prima tra tutte lo straniamento, e infine il rapporto, sempre controverso, tra presa diretta e «arrotondamento» finzionale.

A history of racism and segregation in twentieth-century Houston and beyond. Through the 1950s and beyond, the Supreme Court issued decisions that appeared to provide immediate civil rights protections to racial minorities as it relegated Jim Crow to the past. For black Houstonians who had been hoping and actively fighting for what they called a “raceless democracy,” these postwar decades were often seen as decades of promise. In Houston and the Permanence of Segregation, David Ponton argues that these were instead “decades of capture”: times in which people were captured and constrained by gender and race, by faith in the law, by antiblack violence, and even by the narrative structures of conventional histories. Bringing the insights of Black studies and Afropessimism to the field of urban history, Ponton explores how gender roles constrained thought in black freedom movements, how the “rule of law” compelled black Houstonians to view injustice as a sign of progress, and how antiblack terror undermined Houston's narrative of itself as a “heavenly” place. Today, Houston is one of the most racially diverse cities in the United States, and at the same time it remains one of the most starkly segregated. Ponton's study demonstrates how and why segregation has become a permanent feature in our cities and offers powerful tools for imagining the world otherwise.