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One of the world's preeminent cultural anthropologists leaves a last work that fundamentally reconfigures how we study most other culturesFrom the perspective of Western modernity, humanity inhabits a disenchanted cosmos. Gods, spirits, and ancestors have left us for a transcendent beyond, no longer living in our midst and being involved in all matters of everyday life from the trivial to the dire. Yet the vast majority of cultures throughout human history treat spirits as very real persons, members of a cosmic society who interact with humans and control their fate. In most cultures, even today, people are but a small part of an enchanted universe misconstrued by the transcendent categories of “religion” and the “supernatural.” The New Science of the Enchanted Universe shows how anthropologists and other social scientists must rethink these cultures of immanence and study them by their own lights.In this, his last, revelatory book, Marshall Sahlins announces a new method and sets an exciting agenda for the field. He takes readers around the world, from Inuit of the Arctic Circle to pastoral Dinka of East Africa, from Araweté swidden gardeners of Amazonia to Trobriand Island horticulturalists. In the process, Sahlins sheds new light on classical and contemporary ethnographies that describe these cultures of immanence and reveals how even the apparently mundane, all-too-human spheres of “economics” and “politics” emerge as people negotiate with, and ultimately usurp, the powers of the gods.The New Science of the Enchanted Universe offers a road map for a new practice of anthropology that takes seriously the enchanted universe and its transformations from ancient Mesopotamia to contemporary America.

Most ancient cultures disappeared with scarcely a trace, their effect upon our modern way of life of little consequence. The Greeks, however, continue to influence contemporary man through their drama, philosophy and art, their political cognizance and knowledge of science.There are many books introducing the Greek world to the modern reader, but this volume was recognized as a classic in the field upon its publication by Penguin Books. It now appears in a new paperback edition, with a new preface by the author and 32 pages of photographs selected especially for the American reader.The Greeks introduces us to the people who formed and founded a new and distinct way of life, the democratic city-state. The author presents--frequently in the words of the Greeks themselves--the formation of the people as a nation, the nature of the country, the impact of Homer, and the rise and decline of the city-state. The book includes an intensive study of the classical period, and provides an illuminating view of the Greek mind, myths and religion, life and character.The Greeks is a recognized classic, written with remarkable grace and wit. In its new, richly illustrated and permanent form, it will endure as perhaps the best reconstruction of one of the greatest episodes in the history of civilized man.H. D. F. Kitto (1897-1982) was professor of Greek at the University of Bristol and is well known as a scholar, teacher and writer in his field. He wrote several books on Greek drama, and his In the Mountains of Greece resulted from extensive travel throughout the country.

This book is the first full-length study of one of the most widely read publications of nineteenth-century Britain, the London Journal, over a period when mass-market reading in a modern sense was born. Treating the magazine as a case study, the book maps the Victorian mass-market periodical in general and provides both new bibliographical and theoretical knowledge of this area. Andrew King argues the necessity for an interdisciplinary vision that recognises that periodicals are commodities that occupy specific but constantly unstable places in a dynamic cultural field. He elaborates the sociological work of Pierre Bourdieu to suggest a model of cultural'zones'where complex issues of power are negotiated through both conscious and unconscious strategies of legitimation and assumption by consumers and producers. He also critically engages with cultural theory as well as traditional scholarship in history, art history, and literature, combining a political economic approach to the commodity with an aesthetic appreciation of the commodity as fetish. Previous commentators have coded the mass market as somehow always'feminine', and King offers a genealogy of how such a gender identity came about. Fundamentally, however, the author relies on new and extensive primary research to ground the changing ways in which the reading public became consumers of literary commodities on a scale never before seen. Finally, King recontextualizes within the Victorian mass market three key novels of the time - Walter Scott's Ivanhoe (serialised in the London Journal 1859-60), Mary Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret (1863), and a previously unknown version of Émile Zola's The Ladies'Paradise (1883) - and in so doing he lends them radically new and unexpected meanings.

The author has carried out a searching review of the principles promulgated by the British and American Defence Forces, in order to assess their continuing validity and relevance to warfare in the late 1990s and the 21st century. Recognising that principles will be applied by commanders to meet specific situations in the field he extends this study to embrace leadership and training for leadership and command. In the final chapter he addresses the moral responsibilities of those exercising command of their fellow countrymen and other assigned forces.

In this comprehensive and engaging volume, medical historian Jonathan Reinarz offers a historiography of smell from ancient to modern times. Synthesizing existing scholarship in the field, he shows how people have relied on their olfactory sense to understand and engage with both their immediate environments and wider corporal and spiritual worlds. This broad survey demonstrates how each community or commodity possesses, or has been thought to possess, its own peculiar scent. Through the meanings associated with smells, osmologies develop--what cultural anthropologists have termed the systems that utilize smells to classify people and objects in ways that define their relations to each other and their relative values within a particular culture. European Christians, for instance, relied on their noses to differentiate Christians from heathens, whites from people of color, women from men, virgins from harlots, artisans from aristocracy, and pollution from perfume. This reliance on smell was not limited to the global North. Around the world, Reinarz shows, people used scents to signify individual and group identity in a morally constructed universe where the good smelled pleasant and their opposites reeked. With chapters including'Heavenly Scents,''Fragrant Lucre,'and'Odorous Others,'Reinarz's timely survey is a useful and entertaining look at the history of one of our most important but least-understood senses.

Africa does not give up its secrets easily. Buried there lie answers about the origins of humankind and the dawn of civilisation. Through a century of archaeological investigation, scientists have transformed our understanding of the beginnings of human life, although vital clues still remain hidden. In Born in Africa, Martin Meredith follows the trail of discoveries about our human origins made by scientists over the last hundred years, as well as describing the history of scholarship in this incredibly exciting field. He relates the intense rivalries, personal feuds and fierce controversies that shaped the study and perception of Africa, and recounts the feats of skill and endurance that have illuminated thousands of years of human evolution. The results have been momentous. Scientists have identified more than twenty species of extinct humans and firmly established Africa as the birthplace not only of humankind, but also of our own species: homo sapiens, the modern human. Scientific study has revealed how early technology, language ability and artistic endeavour all originated in Africa, and scientists have shown how, in an exodus sixty thousand years ago, small groups of Africans left their birthplace to populate the rest of the world. We all have an African legacy, and in this fascinating and informative book Martin Meredith leads us back to the place where we have rediscovered our common human heritage.

“I have read all of Daniel Aaron's books, and admired them, but in The Americanist I believe he has composed an intellectual and social memoir for which he will be remembered. His self-portrait is marked by personal tact and admirable restraint: he is and is not its subject. The Americanist is a vision of otherness: literary and academic friends and acquaintances, here and abroad. Eloquently phrased and free of nostalgia, it catches a lost world that yet engendered much of our own.” —Harold Bloom “The Americanist is the absorbing intellectual autobiography of Daniel Aaron, who is the leading proponent and practitioner of American Studies. Written with grace and wit, it skillfully blends Daniel Aaron's personal story with the history of the field he has done so much to create. This is a first-rate book by a first-rate scholar.” —David Herbert Donald, Professor Emeritus, Harvard University The Americanist is author and critic Daniel Aaron's anthem to nearly a century of public and private life in America and abroad. Aaron, who is widely regarded as one of the founders of American Studies, graduated from the University of Michigan, received his Ph.D. from Harvard, and taught for over three decades each at Smith College and Harvard. Aaron writes with unsentimental nostalgia about his childhood in Los Angeles and Chicago and his later academic career, which took him around the globe, often in the role of America's accidental yet impartial critic. When Walt Whitman, whom Aaron frequently cites as a touchstone, wrote, “I am large, I contain multitudes,” he could have been describing Daniel Aaron—the consummate erudite and Renaissance individual whose allegiance to the truth always outweighs mere partisan loyalty. Not only should Aaron's book stand as a resplendent and summative work from one of the finest thinkers of the last hundred years, it also succeeds on its own as a first-rate piece of literature, on a par with the writings of any of its subjects. The Americanist is a veritable Who's Who of twentieth-century writers Aaron interviewed, interacted with, or otherwise encountered throughout his life: Ralph Ellison, Robert Frost, Lillian Hellman, Richard Hofstadter, Alfred Kazin, Sinclair Lewis, Malcolm Muggeridge, John Crowe Ransom, Upton Sinclair, Edmund Wilson, Leonard Woolf, and W. B. Yeats, to name only a few. Aaron's frank and personal observations of these literary lights make for lively reading. As well, scattered throughout The Americanist are illuminating portraits of American presidents living and passed—miniature masterworks of astute political observation that offer dazzlingly fresh approaches to well-trod subjects.

The present volume meets a frequently expressed demand as it is the first collection of all the relevant essays and articles which Steven Paul Scher has written on Literature and Music over a period of almost forty years in the field of Word and Music Studies. Scher, The Daniel Webster Professor of German and Comparative Literature at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA, is one of the founding fathers of Word and Music Studies and a leading authority in what is in the meantime a well-established intermedial field. He has published very widely in a variety of journals and collections of essays, which until now have not always been easy to lay one's hands on. His work covers a wide range of subjects and comprises theoretical, methodological and historical studies, which include discussions of Ferruccio Busoni, Thomas Mann, Bertolt Brecht, Judith Weir, the Talking Heads and many others and which pay special attention to E. T. A. Hoffmann and German Romanticism. The range and depth of these studies have made him the ‘mastermind'of Word and Music Studies who has defined the basic aims and objectives of the discipline. This volume is of interest to literary scholars and musicologists as well as comparatists and all those concerned about the rapidly expanding field of Intermedia Studies.

The fourteen chapters and poem of this volume reflect the centrality of the element Earth in medieval thought and life, a centrality inherited from classical antiquity, and fundamental too in Judaeo-Christian and Islamic traditions. The chapters also reflect the multifarious nature of the ways that Earth was experienced and understood in the Middle Ages. Contributors are Sophie E.D. Abrahams, Daniel Anlezark, Marilina Cesario, Catherine Clarke, James Davis, Stephen J. Davis, Virginia Iommi Echeverría, Andrew Fear, Danielle B. Joyner, Hugh Magennis, Francesco Marzella, Tom C.B. McLeish, Patrick Naeve, Bernard O'Donoghue, Sinéad O'Sullivan, Alexandra Paddock, Elisa Ramazzina, Hannah E. Smithson, Sigbjørn O. Sønnesyn, Sinéad O'Sullivan, and Margaret Tedford.

William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland: His Early Life and Times (1721-1748) by Sir Evan Charteris is an insightful biography of the influential British military commander, focusing on the formative years of his life and his rise to prominence during one of the most turbulent periods in British history. Known as the'Butcher of Culloden,'Cumberland was both celebrated and reviled for his role in shaping Britain's military and political landscape, making him one of the most controversial figures of the 18th century.Charteris's biography offers a detailed account of Cumberland's upbringing as the second son of King George II, his education, and early exposure to military strategy. Groomed for leadership from a young age, Cumberland's ambition and strategic acumen soon led him to key military roles. The book meticulously traces his early campaigns, including his service in the War of the Austrian Succession and his leadership in the decisive Battle of Fontenoy. Despite setbacks, Cumberland's determination earned him both praise and criticism as a rising military figure.The narrative reaches its climax with Cumberland's command during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745. Charteris provides a nuanced portrayal of Cumberland's controversial victory at the Battle of Culloden, the brutal aftermath of which left an indelible mark on his legacy. While often criticized for his harsh treatment of the defeated Jacobites, the book explores how these actions were shaped by the political pressures of the time and Cumberland's desire to secure the Hanoverian throne.Sir Evan Charteris presents a well-rounded portrait of the Duke, examining not only his military achievements but also his personal character, relationships, and the complex legacy he left behind. William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland is essential reading for those interested in 18th-century British history, military strategy, and the intricate politics of the Georgian era.

“At once deeply-researched and as readable as a thriller.”—Mark Galeotti • “An important book about the world's most dangerous mercenary outfit. Margolin unearths new details that will surprise readers.”—Sean McFate • “Margolin takes readers deep into the shadowy underworld.... A must read.”—Clarissa Ward, CNN “A tale of violence and political intrigue that reads like a Tom Clancy novel written by Fyodor Dostoyevsky.”—The Wall Street Journal • “Riveting.... It's a vital window onto the weird world of secretive, privatized modern warfare.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review) An eye-opening, terrifying history of this notorious and widely influential mercenary group. This book exposes the history and the future of the Wagner Group, Russia's notorious and secretive mercenary army, revealing details of their operations never documented before. Using extensive leaks, first-hand accounts, and the byzantine paper trail left in the group's wake, Jack Margolin traces the Wagner Group from its roots as a battlefield rumor to a private military enterprise tens of thousands–strong that eventually comes to threaten Putin himself. He follows individual commanders and foot soldiers within the group as they fight in Ukraine, Syria, and Africa, sometimes alongside fellow military contractors from the United Kingdom and the United States. He shows Wagner mercenaries committing atrocities, plundering oil, diamonds, and gold, and changing the course of conflicts from Europe to Africa in the name of the Kremlin's strategic aims. In documenting the Wagner Group's story up to the dramatic demise of its chief director, Evgeniy Prigozhin, Margolin demonstrates that Wagner was not an aberration, but a manifestation of the new geopolitical order of global capital, global crime, and of the entrepreneurs that thrive in it.

From the dawn of civilization to the modern dilemmas of nation building in Africa and the Middle East, Duiker/Spielvogel's WORLD HISTORY, VOLUME II: SINCE 1500, 10th Edition, takes a fascinating look at the common challenges and experiences that unite the human past and inform the future. The text uses colorful visuals, maps and dramatic first-hand historical accounts to give you an insightful perspective on the human experience over time. The easy-to-read narrative is organized around seven major themes (Science and Technology, Art and Ideas, Family and Society, Politics and Government, Earth and the Environment, Religion and Philosophy and Interaction and Exchange). Important to all cultures from all time periods, these themes help you understand the course of world history and make connections across chapters.

From the dawn of civilization to the modern dilemmas of nation building in Africa and the Middle East, Duiker/Spielvogel's WORLD HISTORY, 10th Edition, takes a fascinating look at the common challenges and experiences that unite the human past and inform the future. The text uses colorful visuals, maps and dramatic first-hand historical accounts to give you an insightful perspective on the human experience over time. The easy-to-read narrative is organized around seven major themes (Science and Technology, Art and Ideas, Family and Society, Politics and Government, Earth and the Environment, Religion and Philosophy and Interaction and Exchange). Important to all cultures from all time periods, these themes help you understand the course of world history and make connections across chapters.

First published in 1939, Language Hunting in the Karakoram describes the journey taken by the author to the regions of Gilgit-Baltistan, Kashmir, and Karakoram, and details the author's experiences when she resided in Hunza with her husband, Lieutenant-Colonel D. L. Lorimer, while he was investigating the Burushaski language. It gives an account of the author's day-to-day experiences during her stay for fourteen months in 1934–35, and her impressions of the Hunzukuts and their culture, whom she describes as hospitable and delightful people. The book contains excellent photographic plates.

By close engagement with both traditional and contemporary approaches to ancient Christian literature, Latin Christian Writers in Late Antiquity and their Texts seeks to delineate a historiographical problem, at the same time rendering patristics as part of the subject-matter of a new literary history. After preliminary essays marking out the field, the volume is organized in three sections by authors, forms of discourse, and disciplines. Released from the theological discipline of patristics, the writings of the church fathers have in recent decades become the common property of students of early Christianity, late antiquity and the classical tradition. In principle, they are now no more (nor less) than sources, documents and literary texts like others from their period and milieux. Yet when replaced in the longer history of Western textual and literary practices, the collective literary oeuvre of Latin clerics, monks and ascetic freelances of the Later Roman Empire may still seem to occupy a place of decisive, if not canonical importance. How does one now account for the abiding formativeness of Latin Christian writing of the fourth and fifth centuries CE? What demands does such writing lay on a modern history of literature? These are the questions asked here, in view of a new literary history of patristic texts.

This volume is concerned, above all, with the legal background and the juristic issues behind the ideology and practice of the medieval Crusades. This is an area that the author was the first to investigate systematically, and there are two particular reasons for his approach: one, the conviction that the historical phenomenon of the Crusades can only be adequately understood within the context of the legal systems that permeated the age; the other, that so much of the documentary evidence ” be it charters, decrees even chronicles ” was produced by people whose perceptions had been shaped by the law. A number of articles focus on the roles of individual crusaders, or address ideological questions, including the very concept of Holy War. Others deal with practical issues and the nature of the obligations incurred by a crusader, and examine the consequences these had, both for the institutions of medieval Europe and for the crusader's own family relationships. Ce recueil s'attache avant tout au contexte légal et aux questions juridiques qui se trouvent à la base de l'idéologie et de la pratique des Croisades au Moyen Age. L'auteur a été le premier à entreprendre des recherches de façon systématique dans ce domaine; deux raisons précises sont à l'origine de cette démarche premièrement, la conviction que seule la connaissance du contexte des systèmes légaux dont l'époque était imprégnée, permet de bien comprendre le phénomène historique des Croisades; deuxièmement, le fait que quantité de documents ” temoins ” chartes, décrets, ou encore chroniques ” sont l'oeuvre de gens dont la perception était grandement influencée par la loi. Un nombre d'études se concentrent sur la rôle individuel de certains croisés, ou s'adressent à des questions d'idéologie, y compris le concept même de la Guerre Sainte. D'autre traitent de questions d'ordre pratique, ainsi que de la nature des engagements contractés par le croisé; ils en examinent le

In obedience to Jesus'command,'Do this in remembrance of me', the ritual repetition of the Lord's Supper down through the ages and across multiple Christian cultures in the liturgies of East and West, has given rise, inevitably, to innumerable diversities of shape, text, cultural context, and theological interpretation, as well as to debates, sometimes heated, among modern experts as to the methodologies for resolving the problems arising from these differences. The problems of cultural history, structural, historical, and textual reconstruction, theological interpretation, and method involved in the modern scholarly debate on these issues, are the object of the studies in this volume, dedicated to the liturgies of Byzantium, Armenia, Syria, and Palestine.

Without denying the real importance of the more'traditional'tasks of a historian of ideas or scholar of literature - the edition of a text and research into its sources and influence - Professor Flint's objective has been to look sideways from the texts, so into the society to which their authors belonged. Her conviction is that no text, and so no idea to which it gave flight, can be properly understood unless it is placed firmly within its immediate historical context, including, of course, consideration of the patrons who bore the expense of producing such works. Within this framework, the author's attention is directed above all at the'Christian propaganda'- the messages a pastor strove to impart - of the 11th-12th centuries, and the reactions discernable within these to Judaism and, even more, - evident even in scientific treatises - to the continued vitality of pagan beliefs and superstitions.

Taking as its focus the wide-ranging character of the Enlightenment, both in geographical and intellectual terms, this second collection of articles by John Gascoigne explores this movement's filiation and influence in a range of contexts. In contrast to some recently influential views it emphasises the evolutionary rather than the revolutionary character of the Enlightenment and its ability to change society by adaptation rather than demolition. This it does by reference, firstly, to developments in Britain tracing the changing views of history in relation to the Biblical account, the ideological uses of science (and particularly the work of Newton) and their connections to developments in moral philosophy and the teaching of science and philosophy in response to Enlightenment modes of thought. The collection then turns to the wider global setting of the Enlightenment and the way in which that movement served to provide a justification for European exploration and expansion, developments which found one of their most potent embodiments in the diverse uses of mapping. The collection concludes with an exploration of the interplay between the experience of Pacific contact and the currents of thought which characterised the Enlightenment in Germany.

Originally published in 1929, this volume discusses the early effects of the industrial revolution – the condition of the cotton spinners, the hardships for labouring children, the overcrowded prisons and other brutal punishments. At this time the principle branch of local government was the Poor Law and this book discusses how, in the monumental task of providing workhouses for the destitute, the England of the eighteenth century had completely failed. As well as social history, the book also covers military and political history.

By the 14th Century, the Mongol Empire extended from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific; and what was always seen as their richest lands was'the land of the Rus'- Kievan Rus - the land of the Rus of Kiev - a medieval political federation located in modern-day Belarus, Ukraine, and part of Russia. (Goodreads)

The sources in this volume focus on Great Britain's moral, financial, and diplomatic interventions and ambitions in Latin America. It begins during the wars of independence spanning 1810-1825, when Foreign Secretary George Canning prematurely declared,'Spanish America is free; and if we do not mismanage our affairs sadly, she is English.'The independence movements of the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies, as well as their ancient past, inspired Romantic writers such as Anna Letitia Barbauld and spurred British military support and political debate, as attested by mercenary Richard Vowell's Campaigns and Cruises in Venezuela and James Mill's'Emancipation of Spanish America.'

Excerpt:'Next to its Ballads and Songs, the Stories of Scottish Literature are the most characteristic exponents of the national spirit. Allowing for the changes which time and the progress of civilization have effected in the national manners and character since the beginning of the present century—the era to which the Stories chiefly refer—they shall be found to delineate the social and domestic features of Scottish life as faithfully as the Ballads do the spirit and sentiment of an earlier age; or as the daily press reflects, rather than portrays, those of the present day. While Songs—the simple expressions of feelings and sentiments, musically rendered—change, in so far as they exhibit habits and manners, yet their form is lasting. Not so the Ballads, whose true historical successors are Prose Stories, as Novels are those of Romances.'

An examination of the failures of the Mexican Revolution through the visual and material records. The Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) introduced a series of state-led initiatives promising modernity, progress, national grandeur, and stability; state surveyors assessed land for agrarian reform, engineers used nationalized oil for industrialization, archaeologists reconstructed pre-Hispanic monuments for tourism, and anthropologists studied and photographed Indigenous populations to achieve their acculturation. Far from accomplishing their stated goals, however, these initiatives concealed violence, and permitted land invasions, forced displacement, environmental damage, loss of democratic freedom, and mass killings. Mónica M. Salas Landa uses the history of northern Veracruz to demonstrate how these state-led efforts reshaped the region's social and material landscapes, affecting what was and is visible. Relying on archival sources and ethnography, she uncovers a visual order of ongoing significance that was established through postrevolutionary projects and that perpetuates inequality based on imperceptibility.

Addressing a century of change from late nineteenth-century realism to late 1970s Sots Art, this volume presents new research on how art making, criticism, and promotion responded dynamically to the fast-moving social, cultural, and political contexts of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. Case studies of artists reveal how figures such as Viktor Vasnetsov and Kazimir Malevich [Kazymyr Malevych] incorporated contemporary debates into their artworks and expanded their visual expressiveness. Analyses of writings by Wassily Kandinsky and Nikolai Punin illustrate the central role played by critics, theorists, and artists'societies in catalyzing new approaches. Lastly, essays focusing on the Society of Art Exhibitions (1874-83), the diverse displays at exhibitions in the Soviet era, and national themes in Ballets Russes productions rethink binaries between collaboration and enmity, between nationalism and internationalism, and between east and west in art presentation and promotion. This analytical triad is complemented by an epilogue by Russian émigré artist Pavel Otdelnov, who shares how his personal history and identity shape his art, especially since Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine.

First published in 1937, French Indo- China presents a comprehensive account in English of the French colonization of Indo-China. The book does not attempt to give a chronological story nor has the same organization of material being used for all the countries studied. Rather, the aim has been to present cross sections of the problem as a method of studying mutual influences and reciprocal reactions. It discusses themes like history of Annam; the French administration of Indo-China; the economy of Indo- China; Indo-Chinese literature; Cambodia, Laos and the primitive tribes; and reaction to the French colonization of Indo-China. This book is an important reference work on French colonial history.

This book contributes to various political debates about Central Europe in terms of its literary-symbolic geography. The author contends that the research about Central Europe must, first of all, be exempted from its mythicisation. The idealisation of a past of monarchical and tolerant coexistence represents a dangerous stereotype to be deconstructed, rather than resurrected. The monograph offers an up-to-date critical view of Central Europe that takes into account various historical, geopolitical, and, above all, cultural-spiritual standpoints.

The first book to lay bare the life of a Nazi camp guard who settled in a Chicago suburb and to explore how his community and others responded to discoveries of Nazis in their midst. Reinhold Kulle seemed like the perfect school employee. But in 1982, as his retirement neared, his long-concealed secret came to light. The chief custodian at Oak Park and River Forest High School outside Chicago had been a Nazi, a member of the SS, and a guard at a brutal slave labor camp during World War II. Similar revelations stunned communities across the country. Hundreds of Reinhold Kulles were gradually discovered: men who had patrolled concentration camps, selected Jews for execution, and participated in mass shootings—and who were now living ordinary suburban lives. As the Office of Special Investigations raced to uncover Hitler's men in the United States, neighbors had to reconcile horrific accusations with the helpful, kind, and soft-spoken neighbors they thought they knew. Though Nazis loomed in the American consciousness as evil epitomized, in Oak Park—a Chicago suburb renowned for its liberalism—people rose to defend Reinhold Kulle, a war criminal. Drawing on archival research and insider interviews, Oak Park and River Forest High School teacher Michael Soffer digs into his community's tumultuous response to the Kulle affair. He explores the uncomfortable truths of how and why onetime Nazis found allies in American communities after their gruesome pasts were uncovered.

In these articles Professor McGuire explores the riches of the Cistercian exemplum tradition. These texts are made up of brief stories, often with a miraculous content, which provided moral support for novices and monks in Cistercian abbeys all over Europe in the High Middle Ages. The Cistercians have been seen mainly in terms of their great writers like Bernard of Clairvaux and the impressive buildings they left behind. But Cistercian literature also provides us with more humble insights from daily life, shedding light on questions of sexuality, anger, depression, and bonds of friendship, also between monks and nuns. They bring a freshness of insight and immediate experience, and their seeming naivety lets us be aware of monks'commitment to each other in individual and community bonds. In Cistercian storytelling, the Gospel's message meets an historical context and bears witness to a transformation of Christian life and idealism, while at the same time allowing us precious insights into how ordinary men and women, not just monks and nuns, lived and thought.

The Dala Law is known through only one remaining medieval manuscript, written c.1335 – 1353, and shows strong influence from older Swedish provincial law. It is one of the oldest known texts revealing details of life and conditions in medieval Dalar during the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries.Contradicting older assumptions that this might have been an older law of Västmanland, the Dala Law is well adapted to prevailing conditions in medieval Dalarna Dalar. In contrast to most provincial laws where the lawman had a central position, in the Dala Law it is the written word, the law-book, that is addressed and appealed to. Although the text is comparatively short, this English translation is an important tool for facilitating the internationalisation of Swedish research and making Nordic material more accessible for international scholars. Aided by maps which show medieval Dalarna, Västmanland, and the value of the mining industry in the area, this text provides crucial insight into the history, life, and culture of medieval Dalar which has never been seen before in the English language.With an Introduction that places medieval Darlarna Dalar in its geographical, judicial and ecclesiastical contexts, The Dala Law is an essential resource for all students and scholars interested in medieval Swedish history and law.

This dual biography highlights the transformative influence of Sam Lacy and Wendell Smith, two journalists who changed American sport and society through their calls to desegregate Major League Baseball and recognize Black baseball players.In a decade-long battle, Lacy and Smith tirelessly advocated for the inclusion of Black players in the major leagues, reporting in the Baltimore Afro-American and Pittsburgh Courier, respectively. Both sports writers covered players in the Negro Leagues, following off-season games in places like Mexico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic. In 1947, Lacy's and Smith's work helped break through MLB's racial barriers when Jackie Robinson joined the Brooklyn Dodgers. Over the coming years, Lacy and Smith, on individual career trajectories but sharing a common goal, would report on the dissolution of the Negro Leagues and future MVPs such as Willie Mays, Hank Aaron, and Elston Howard. The book considers the lasting legacies of these sports journalists, both recognized in the writers'wing of the Baseball Hall of Fame.Through its thoughtful analysis of Lacy and Smith's groundbreaking impact on America's pastime, this book will appeal to students and general readers interested in sports history and journalism and Afro-American history.

The seventh edition of this two-volume narrative of English history draws on the most up-to-date primary and secondary research, encouraging students to interpret the full range of England's social, economic, cultural, and political past from its first inhabitants to the 2020s.A History of England, Volume 1: Prehistory to 1714 focuses on the key social, economic, cultural, environmental, intellectual, and political events and themes of English history up to the early eighteenth century. Topics include the Viking and Norman conquests of the eleventh century, the creation of the monarchy, the Reformation, and the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The text discusses events in Scotland, Wales, and Ireland as they affected developments in England. There is a new section dealing with the decline of belief in witchcraft.This book is essential introductory reading for students of the history of England and Britain.

The new edition of this classic text on modern U.S. history seamlessly blends political, social, cultural, intellectual, and economic themes into an authoritative and readable account of America's national story since the 1890s.Written by four highly respected scholars, this book has been fully updated with new coverage of the Trump and Biden presidencies, the culture wars, deep political polarization, and the crisis of democracy. The text's most distinctive quality is its close attention to both history within the United States and the relationships the country has forged with the rest of the world. The eighth edition remains engaging and approachable while continuing to include the most recent scholarship. Each chapter contains a special feature section devoted to cultural topics including the arts and architecture, sports and recreation, technology, and education. Web links to additional online resources accompany each feature, offering complementary learning opportunities to students.While carefully attending to the complexity of history, The American Century traces the long roots of some of the most pressing current issues in the United States and continues to be a compelling resource for students of recent American history.

This book presents a comprehensive narrative and historical analysis of the political and economic relations between China and Italy from the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce signed in October 1866 to the Second World War.Utilizing primary sources found in public and private archives, the volume acknowledges the relevance of eminent figures and their roles and contributions in developing the relations between Italy and China. It provides an extensive presentation of the close relations between the Chinese nationalist and Italian fascist regimes and their interaction in the interwar period. The Italian and Chinese governments had a prolonged political and economic dialogue, which lasted for almost a decade and involved the active mediation of politicians, economists, academics, and professionals at different levels and in diverse fields. International historiography mostly neglects the relevance of this period in broader historical contexts. This work overcomes the unjustified oversight and examines, with reliable primary sources, the relevance of this extraordinary season of international relations.With a valuable exploration of a wealth of sources, this book provides a new opportunity of reflection for scholars and students interested in Sino-European relations and international history.

A History of Western Science: The Basics offers a short introduction to the history of Western science that is accessible to all through avoiding technical language and mathematical intricacies. A coherent narrative of how science developed in interaction with society over time is also provided in this comprehensive guide.The first part discusses the period up to 1700, with a focus on the conceptual shift and new ideas about nature that occurred in early modern Europe. Part two focusses on the practical and institutional aspects of the scientific enterprise and discusses how science established itself in Western society post 1700s, while part three discusses how during the same period modern science has impacted our general view of the world, and reviews some of the major discoveries and debates.Key topics discussed in the book include: Natural philosophy, medicine, and mathematics in the ancient and medieval worlds The key figures in the history of science—Galileo, Descartes, Isaac Newton, Darwin and Einstein—as well as lesser-known men and women who have developed the field The development of scientific instruments, the transformation of alchemy into chemistry, weights and measures, the emergence of the modern hospital and its effects on medicine, and the systematic collection of data on meteorology, volcanism, and terrestrial magnetism The big questions – the origins of humans, the nature of reality and the impact of science. As a jargon-free and comprehensive study of the history of Western science, this book is an essential introductory guide for academics and researchers of the history of science, as well as general readers interested in learning more about the field.

If we look back at world history in the past five hundred years, it is evident that Indian ideas, peoples, and goods helped drive world connections. From the quest to reach the Indies that drove Iberian rulers to fund costly expeditions that ultimately connected the Old World with the Americas to Gandhi's creed of non-violence that created transnational resistance movements, India has been crucial to world history. In what ways have the movement of goods, people, and ideas from India served to connect the world? Conversely, how has India's global history shaped the many boundaries and inequalities that have divided the world despite—and at times because of—the transnational connections often lumped together under the aegis of globalization? Through its emphasis on both linkages and boundaries, India in the World examines the range of connections between India and the world in a truly global perspective.

The Routledge Handbook of the History and Sociology of Ideas establishes a new and comprehensive way of working in the history and sociology of ideas, in order to obviate several longstanding gaps that have prevented a fruitful interdisciplinary and international dialogues. Pushing global intellectual history forward, it uses methodological innovations in the history of concepts, gender history, imperial history, and history of normativity, many of which have emerged out of intellectual history in recent years, and it especially foregrounds the role of field theory for delimiting objects of study but also in studying transnational history and migration of persons and ideas.The chapters also explore how intellectual history crosses the study of particular domains: law, politics, economy, science, life sciences, social and human sciences, book history, literature, and emotions.

'The main problem of leech therapy related to excessive bleeding following the removal of leeches… Another problematical situation was the inadvertent escape of leeches into the throat or stomach.'The period 1800 to 1825 saw the beginnings of scientific exploration and debate, most of the basis for later developments. This learned overview provides fascinating information about beliefs in galvanism and bioelectric machinery, blood-letting, cesareans without anesthesia, the influence of weather and the moon, drugs, vaccination, more. Heavily illustrated.

The book uses the main body of Lovejoy's work to speak to core African and economic history issues. It thoroughly examines Lovejoy's contributions to the study of Africa, particularly in exploring issues around production and exchanges at local, regional and international levels. The book offers readers a fresh perspective on the discourse of slavery and colonialism while simultaneously introducing them to the quality of work already accomplished by a stellar scholar. As the book argues, Lovejoy presents verifiable historical data that nudges us to reconsider our perception of Africa's growth trajectory, especially before its encounter with the Americas. A chapter examines the various ways by which the people experienced slavery before it became proliferated during the time Europeans entered into the business. Another chapter addresses questions about the progressive efforts of slave traders to access the interior to drive more victims who would be shipped to the Atlantic for the business of servitude to advance the European economy. Alongside this exploration, a provides the background as to the contributions of Africans to ensure the continuity of this business. Lovejoy notes, for instance, that Muslims were found in every region in the Americas during slavery, which indicates that they were being taken there through transatlantic slavery. While Muslims were found in these areas, it was not true that they were there in large numbers. This is underscored by their resistance to all forms of forced extraction of the people from their homeland. In essence, they challenged the system in ways that redefined their participation in the exercise. The book analyzes how Muslims ensured that economic and political power were withdrawn from the hands of the victims and how they systematically created institutions that promoted that very inequity. Lovejoy's extensive knowledge allows us to develop theories and establish applicable methodologies for understanding African reality since the precolonial era. He presents original perspectives about addressing issues of African-American engagements and the roles of critical voices in the diaspora. Consequently, the book is an invaluable educational resource, particularly for people who want to deepen their understanding of African social and economic history.

Winner of the Tennessee History Book Award. In the wake of the bloodshed at Chickamauga, the struggle for Chattanooga became a decisive engagement of the Civil War. McDonough reconstructs the siege and battles as they appeared to both Rebels and Yankees, giving the reader a front-row seat at one of the major dramas in American history.

Soon to be a major motion picture! Originally published as The Silent Brotherhood, uncover the chilling depths of America's racist underground with this investigative true crime masterpiece exposing the inner workings of white supremacist militias and domestic terror groups.Two courageous investigative journalists deliver an insider's account of the “silent brotherhood”—the most dangerous radical-right hate group to surface since the Ku Klux Klan. They claim to be patriots, as American as apple pie, but they are this nation's deadly brotherhood—hate groups that package their alienation against the federal government under such names as the Aryan Nation, the Order, and other white supremacist militias. The group attracts seemingly average citizens with their call for pride in race, family, and religion and their mission to save white Christian America. They spout anti-Black, antisemitic, neo-Nazi rhetoric, and their grievances have festered into full-blown paranoia and a call for an all-out race war. The Order reveals in terrifying detail how the group became criminals and assassins in their effort to establish an Aryan homeland.

English Historical Documents is the most ambitious, impressive and comprehensive collection of documents on English history ever published. An authoritative work of primary evidence, each volume presents material with exemplary scholarly accuracy. Editorial comment is directed towards making sources intelligible rather than drawing conclusions from them. Full account has been taken of modern textual criticism. A general introduction to each volume portrays the character of the period under review and critical bibliographies have been added to assist further investigation. Documents collected include treaties, personal letters, statutes, military dispatches, diaries, declarations, newspaper articles, government and cabinet proceedings, orders, acts, sermons, pamphlets, agricultural instructions, charters, grants, guild regulations and voting records. Volumes are furnished with lavish extra apparatus including genealogical tables, lists of officials, chronologies, diagrams, graphs and maps.

As a psychiatric term ‘depression'dates back only as far as the mid-nineteenth century. Before then a wide range of terms were used: ‘melancholy'carried enormous weight, and was one of the two confirmed forms of eighteenth-century insanity. This four-volume set is the first large-scale study of depression across an extensive period.

This volume reproduces primary texts which embody the polymathic nature of the literature of science, and provides editorial overviews and extensive references, to provide a resource for specialized academics and researchers with a broad cultural interest in the long 18th century.

First Published in 1974, The Black Douglas is both exciting and informative, is based on fourteenth century chronicles and documents, and is the first full account of Douglas's eventful and dangerous career up to his celebrated death carrying Bruce's heart into battle against the Moors. James of Douglas, Robert Bruce's friend and lieutenant, was known variously to the English as Black Douglas (after the colour of his hair) and to the Scots as Good Douglas, for his mighty success against the English invader.A baron's heir but, due to the war, orphaned and beggared in boyhood, Douglas joined Bruce with the object of recovering his heritage. The author shows how he achieved this goal within two years, after a grim period of hunted outlawry, and in doing so found that the trade adopted from necessity had become his calling in life. This volume reveals that he was not only a great fighting man- probably the most professional soldier of his day- but a shrewd and realistic commander whose talents contributed greatly to the eventual triumph of the Scots in the Scottish War of Independence. This is an interesting reference work for students and general readers interested in the history of Scotland.

Evangelista Torricelli exemplifies the use the moderns made of the ancients'mathematical methods. Celebrating Evangelista Torricelli's monumental Opera geometrica, this book marks 380 years since its publication (1644-2024). This homage to Torricelli introduces the magnificent major work in Mechanics and Mathematics of a brilliant Archimedean–and–Galilean scientist to modern readers.Opera geometrica deals with Motion & Mechanics and Geometry & Infinitesimals. In quibus Archimedis doctrina Torricelli also presents his mechanical principle of equilibrium – the foundation of the modern Principle of Virtual Work/Static.This outstanding source and research book spotlights the relevance and originality of Torricelli's Mechanics, and is the first and most profound analysis of the Opera geometrica to date. The historical study is achieved in extensive Introduction, 5 Essays and an accurate Transcription of Opera geometrica with parallel side–by–side text, including substantive explicative notes. The book is an accessible avenue to understanding this work by leading authorities who offer much-needed insights into the relationship Physics–Mathematics, Mechanics and Fundamentals. It appeals to historians, epistemologists and scientists.

This book explores the development and application of the law of treason in England across more than a thousand years, placing this legal history within a broader historical context.Describing many high-profile prosecutions and trials, the book focuses on the statutes, ordinances and customs that have at various times governed, limited and shaped this worst of crimes. It explores the reasons why treason coalesced around specific offences agreed by both the monarch and the wider political nation, why it became an essential instrument of enforcement in high politics, and why, over the past three hundred years, it has gradually fallen into disuse while remaining on the statute book. This book also considers why treason as both a word and a concept remains so potent in wider modern culture, investigating prevalent current misconceptions about what is and what is not treason. It concludes by suggesting that the abolition or'death'of treason in the near future, while a logical next step, is by no means a foregone conclusion.The Rise and Fall of Treason in English History is a thorough academic introduction for scholars and history students, as well as general readers with an interest in British political and legal history.

Did you know Thomas Edison proposed to his wife in Morse code? Or that the CIA considered covering Castro's shoes in thallium to get rid of his iconic beard? The strange facts and foibles of history's famous figures are divulged in Famous Freaks. The book is a fun, bite sized compendium of the weird and unbelievable. Big names—small disclosures. Important historical data—little to none. This book can be picked up and read anywhere, from any starting point. Skim a section or just peruse a page, but you may find yourself hooked after reading a few of the hilariously strange entries inside. Deborah Warren, whose work has appeared in The New Yorker and The Paris Review, deals out the strange facts of history's famous with a poetic style and a sense of humor. The collected details, those which history might rather have forgotten, are given their place in the spotlight. Start from the front, but if it's not your thing, flip around the pages. There are plenty of Famous Freaks inside.

Scimat (science of human) is a new multidiscipline proposed by Lui Lam in 2007. Scimat treats all studies on human as a unified enterprise. In terms of content, Scimat = Humanities + Social Science + Medical Science. Scimat advocates the use of humanities-science synthesis in understanding humans, and collaboration between the humanists and natural scientists. The ultimate aim of Scimat is to better humanity by bettering the humanities.It has done so in the study of history, art, philosophy, and science, giving rise to some interesting and important results such as the appearance of a new discipline called Histophysics (physics of history), a new interpretation of art's origin and nature, a better understanding of the differences between the philosophies of the West and East, and a rigorous definition of science.Scimat Anthology collects 27 original articles in the humanities, published or unpublished from 2000 to 2024, with 26 by the founder of Scimat, ending with an in-depth analysis of Stephen Hawking and his legacy.Readership ranges from high school students and laypeople to professors of all disciplines, who are interested in what the humanities and science are about, as well as new ideas in bridging them.

Now in its second edition, The American Indian Mind in a Linear World examines the persistence of Native peoples in retaining their own worldviews, from the pre-Columbian era into the twenty-first century.The book explores the ways in which Indian people who are close to their cultural traditions think in a circular fashion, understand by relying on visual analysis, and make decisions from an Indigenous logic. Yet, Comanches have a different reality from Mohawks, Apache ethos is not like that of the Lakotas, and Indian men and women see things differently. How and why is the Native mind different from the western world? Why have white teachers and missionaries tried to change the minds of Native students? The Indian perspective is not wrong; it is simply different and inclusive, another way of looking at the world and universe. This edition updates the discussion with a new chapter on contemporary American Indian intellectualism and further analysis of the preservation of Indigenous traditional knowledge.Approachable and engaging, this volume is a key resource for students and scholars of Native American and Indigenous studies and Indigenous history.