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An examination of the Cold War from the creation and structure of the postwar settlement to the eventual coming apart of the post war order in the 1980s and early 1990s. James Cronin explores the creation and structure of the postwar settlement and the eventual coming apart of the postwar order in the 1980s and early 1990s. Cronin argues that the current state of the world must be understood against the backdrop of the postwar order that until recently governed, prevented or distorted political and economic change.

This title was first published in 2001. Nineteenth-century employers played a crucial role in the training and education of young workers in England. This multi-disciplinary study traces the connection between problems of technical education development and the increasingly antagonistic relations with skilled workers, culminating in the Great Strike and Lockout of 1897. Cronin demonstrates that employers, dominated by economic short-termism, extended their hegemony beyond the boundaries of the factory gates. Their reluctance to endorse and sponsor technical education radically influenced the perception of technical education held by government and local authorities.

First Published in 1982, Social Conflict and the Political Order in Modern Britain offers a selection of work on British social history done by scholars working in a distinctly American context. The authors strongly feel that the way forward in social history is not some retreat into still more detailed, apolitical history, nor a move away from social analysis back towards a study of the purely political. Rather, it seems that the most fruitful path to follow is to build upon the strengths and achievements of the previous social history with a view towards theorizing its political significance while struggling to create a new kind of political history that will be more integrally social.The book brings important themes like Britain and the social movements; strikes and the urban hierarchy in English industrial towns; British dockers during First World War; the British Labour and the Cold War; and rethinking labour history and the importance of work. This is a must read for scholars and researchers of labour history, British history, social history and history in general.

First Published in 1979, Industrial Conflict in Modern Britain examines the unique rhythm of British strikes since the 1880's and suggests that the explosive pattern of recurring strike waves provides the key to understanding both the evolution of British industrial relations and the major changes that have taken place in working class culture and behaviour. Two major themes emerge from this analysis: to explain how and why strikes themselves occur, and the association between industrial conflict and social relations.This thorough critique of prevailing research and concept within labour history, provides insight into the cause of strike waves, the varying propensity of workers in different industries to engage in strike action, and into the general history of British trade unionism. This is a must read for scholars and researchers of British labour history, British trade unionism and Industrial sociology.

This title was first published in 2001. Nineteenth-century employers played a crucial role in the training and education of young workers in England. This multi-disciplinary study traces the connection between problems of technical education development and the increasingly antagonistic relations with skilled workers, culminating in the Great Strike and Lockout of 1897. Cronin demonstrates that employers, dominated by economic short-termism, extended their hegemony beyond the boundaries of the factory gates. Their reluctance to endorse and sponsor technical education radically influenced the perception of technical education held by government and local authorities.

Die Iren erzählen gerne Geschichten; ihre Geschichte ist es auch wert, erzählt zu werden. Mythische Könige, Invasoren und Missionare: Auf der Insel ging es schon früh hoch her. Später kamen die Engländer, der lange Kampf der Iren gegen die Invasoren, Hunger, Auswanderung, Freiheit und Teilung. Mike Cronin hilft Ihnen, den Irlandkonflikt zu verstehen und berichtet vom Werden und Wirken großer Iren.

This is the controversial history of the British government's involvement in the Zionist project, from the Balfour Declaration in 1917 to the present day. Written by the British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour, the Declaration stated'His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object.'Its impact on history has been immense and still reverberates a century later, starting what has been referred to as a hundred years of war against the Palestinian people. This history focuses on the devastating events which resulted from the Declaration, such as the Arab Revolt, the Nakba and establishment of the state, the 1956 and 1967 wars, the Cold War and the Oslo period. It also shines a light on controversial figures such as Tony Blair. In doing so, Balfour's Shadow provides a fascinating take on this much-contested, important history.

Cathedrals of Learning: Great and Ancient Universities of Western Europe provides a conspectus of the great Western European universities, pithily tells their life stories, showcases their architectural heritage, and describes the art, literary, and natural history collections they have accumulated over the centuries. This book profiles the ancient universities and their distinctive organizational cultures, reveals their customs, ceremonies, and traditions, their quirks and quiddities, recounts their complicated histories, describes their architectural wonders (libraries, museums, anatomy theaters, botanical gardens) and treasures (rare manuscripts, antiquities, paintings, and objects d'art of all kinds), and introduces their famous alumni, distinguished scholars, Nobel Prize-winning scientists, and famously eccentric personalities. It is a book for scholars, researchers, and anyone interested in these ancient institutions that remain centers of learning in the contemporary world. - Contains a collection of mini biographies, pen portraits of some of the world's most venerable universities - Offers twelve institutional biographies that can be used to compare universities and their complex histories - Written in an easy and rigorous style, with accessible coverage - Compiled by a leading figure in information science, with a wide experience of great universities and the trends with which they are associated

Where other books are either highly partisan dismissals or appreciations of the Third Way, or dull sociological accounts, this book gets behind the clichés in order to show just what is left of Labour party ideology and what the future may hold.New Labour has changed the face of Britain. Culture, class, education, health, the arts, leisure, the economy have all seen seismic shifts since the 1997 election that raised Blair to power. The Labour that rules has distanced itself from the failed Labour of the 70s and 80s, but the core remains. Labour remains gripped by its own past - unable and unwilling to shed its ties to the old Labour party, but determined to avoid the mistakes of which lead to four electoral defeats between 1979 and 1992. Cronin covers the full history of the party from its post war triumph through decades of shambolic leadership against ruthless and organised opposition to the resurgent New Labour of the 90s that finally took Britain into the new millennium.

The full history of St. Patrick's day is captured here for the first time in The Wearing of the Green.Illustrated with photos, the book spans the medieval origins, steeped in folklore and myth, through its turbulent and troubled times when it acted as fuel for fierce political argument, and tells the fascinating story of how the celebration of 17th March was transformed from a stuffy dinner for Ireland's elite to one of the world's most public festivals.Looking at more general Irish traditions and Irish communities throughout the world, Mike Cronin and Daryl Adair follow the history of this widely celebrated event, examining how the day has been exploited both politically and commercially, and they explore the shared heritage of the Irish through the development of this unique patriotic holiday.Highly informative for students of history, cultural studies and sociology, and an absolute delight for anyone interested in the fascinating and unique culture of Ireland.

Journalism in the Civil War Era presents the historical context of Civil War journalism—placing the press of the era within the entire nineteenth century. It gives a broad account of journalism in the Civil War, reflecting on the political, military, legal, and journalistic issues involved in this era. It is written with chapters that examine these various facets of the journalism of the period, but they are connected by the theme of the development of the wartime press, with an emphasis on the professional, political, social, economic, legal, and military factors that affected it. It provides: An in-depth look at the political press in the 1850s and 1860s, and how it played a major role in the nation's understanding of the conflict; Technology's role in carrying information in a timely fashion; The development of journalism as a profession; The international context of Civil War journalism; The leadership journalists displayed, including Horace Greeley and his New York Tribune bully pulpit; The nature of journalism during the war; The way freedom of the press was advanced by polarizing political extremes. The work is historical, written in an engaging style, and meant to encourage readers to explore and analyze the value of freedom of the press during that very time when it most comes under fire—wartime. “David W. Bulla and Gregory A. Borchard explore ties between journalism and politics and between New York and the Midwest (then known as the West) before the Civil War. Newspapers shared an increasing emphasis on information over opinion. Facts often tended to fit the editors'agendas with winners overplaying their triumphs and losers becoming more restrained. Major newspapers, particularly the New York Herald with the largest investment in correspondents, placed news on the front page and interpretation inside, even while publisher James Gordon Bennett initially blamed Lincoln for the war. Major dailies increasingly reported news from the front and smaller papers relied more on opinion and local angles.”—William E. Huntzicker, Minneapolis writer and author of The Popular Press 1833-1865'Bulla and Borchard have produced what has been long needed in the study of U.S. Civil War journalism: a social and cultural history of the American press that goes beyond anecdotal accounts of war news. They explore the nature of the Civil War-era press itself in all its strengths and weaknesses, ranging from political and economic grandstanding and over-the-top verbal grandiloquence to the sheer bravery and determination of a number of editors, publishers, and journalists who viewed their tasks as interpreters and informers of the day's news. Using a mix of carefully selected case studies as well as an extensive study of newspapers both large and small, this highly readable work places the Civil War press squarely where it belongs—as a part of the larger social and cultural experience of mid-nineteenth century America.'—Mary M. Cronin, Department of Journalism, New Mexico State University'The study of Civil War journalism has traditionally been treated as a facet of the history of war correspondence, but war reporting does not exist in a vacuum, as David Bulla and Gregory Borchard skillfully show readers in their latest edition of Journalism in the Civil War Era. This new edition freshens the book's original version by expanding on their insightful examination of the way the American Civil War ushered in the greater reliance on the information model of journalism, which would exist side-by-side with the existing partisan model. Few scholars have attempted the sort of holistic study that examines not only the nature of Civil War journalism but,

These essays are interventions in a cultural contestation in South Africa during the Seventies and Eighties. Some of them are more general in nature and were written in the first instance as public oral interventions in debates whose outcome contributed to the founding of South Africa's post-apartheid society. Other essays are more specifically aimed at poetic practices, particularly as these have been of crucial aesthetic and ultimately ethical importance in a critical phase of South Africa's painful development. Intimate knowledge of (and personal involvement in) the commitment of literature to concrete political situations informs these succinct and spirited essays, along with Horn's measured familiarity with European traditions of political, cultural and ideological thought. The topics covered include: the social context of South African poetry; poetry and apartheid; the praise-singing tradition and the liberation struggle; German documentary theatre and South African workers'theatre; the necessity of popular culture; post-Freudian readings and feminist aesthetics; censorship and society; and essays on individual South African poets (Jeremy Cronin; Wopko Jensma; Abduraghiem Johnstone; Mzwakhe Mbuli; Mongane Serote; Ari Sitas).

Irish Drama in Poland is the first book to broadly assess Irish drama's impact on both Poland's theatrical world and its cultural and literary heritage in the twentieth century. With a wide-ranging analysis – from Yeats, Synge, O'Casey and Behan, to Wilde, Shaw and Beckett – this engaging study explores the translation, production and reception of Irish plays in Poland. Barry Keane presents readers with the historical and literary context for each production, allowing readers to understand the many ways Irish theatre has informed Poland's theatrical and literary heritage. Including a foreword by translation scholar Michael Cronin, Irish Drama in Poland drives home the importance of exploring intercultural contexts, allowing readers a more informed understanding of European culture and identity.

It was the biggest funeral Chicago had seen since Lincoln's. On May 26, 1889, four thousand mourners proceeded down Michigan Avenue, followed by a crowd forty thousand strong, in a howl of protest at what commentators called one of the ghastliest and most curious crimes in civilized history. The dead man, Dr. P. H. Cronin, was a respected Irish physician, but his brutal murder uncovered a web of intrigue, secrecy, and corruption that stretched across the United States and far beyond. Blood Runs Green tells the story of Cronin's murder from the police investigation to the trial. It is a story of hotheaded journalists in pursuit of sensational crimes, of a bungling police force riddled with informers and spies, and of a secret revolutionary society determined to free Ireland but succeeding only in tearing itself apart. It is also the story of a booming immigrant population clamoring for power at a time of unprecedented change. From backrooms to courtrooms, historian Gillian O'Brien deftly navigates the complexities of Irish Chicago, bringing to life a rich cast of characters and tracing the spectacular rise and fall of the secret Irish American society Clan na Gael. She draws on real-life accounts and sources from the United States, Ireland, and Britain to cast new light on Clan na Gael and reveal how Irish republicanism swept across the United States. Destined to be a true crime classic, Blood Runs Green is an enthralling tale of a murder that captivated the world and reverberated through society long after the coffin closed.

The expansion of the British state was neither automatic nor accidental. Rather, it was the outcome of recurring battles over the proper boundaries of the state and its role in economy and society. The Politics of State Expansion focuses on the interests arrayed on either side of this struggle; providing a new and critical perspective on the growth of the `Keynsian welfare state'and on the more recent retreat from Keynes and from collective provision.

Since the 1890s, New Jersey has attracted hundreds of thousands of Caribbean and Latin American migrants. The state's rich economic history, high-income suburbs, and strong public sector have all contributed to attracting, retaining, and setting the stage for Latin American and Caribbean immigrants and secondary-step migrants from New York City. Since the 1980s, however, Latinos have developed a more complex presence in the state's political landscape and institutions. The emergence of Latino-majority towns and cities and coalition politics facilitated the election of Latino mayors, council persons, and many social and community leaders, as well as the election of statewide officers. This collection brings together innovative and empirically grounded scholarship from different disciplines and interdisciplinary fields of study and addresses topics including the demographic history of Latinos in the state, Latino migration from gateway cities to suburban towns, Latino urban enclaves, Latino economic and social mobility, Latino students and education, the New Jersey Dream Act and in-state tuition act organizing, Latinos and criminal justice reform, Latino electoral politics and leadership, and undocumented communities. Contributors: Yamil Avivi; Jennifer Ayala; Ulla D. Berg; Giovani Burgos; Elsa Candelario; Laura Curran; Lilia Fernández; Ismael García Colón; Olga Jiménez de Wagenheim; Benjamin Lapidus; Aldo A. Lauria Santiago; Johana Londoño; Kathleen Lopez; Giancarlo Muschi; Melanie Z. Plasencia; Ana Y. Ramos-Zayas; Elena Sabogal; Raymond Sanchez Mayers; William Suárez Gómez; Alex F. Trillo; Daniela Valdez; Anil Venkatesh; Lyna L. Wiggins

Die Bewegung 2. Juni fand bisher im Feld der Terrorismusforschung wenig Beachtung, obwohl die Gruppierung bekannte Persönlichkeiten wie den CDU-Politiker Peter Lorenz entführte, diverse Banken überfiel und Bombenanschläge verübte. Die Geschichte der Gruppierung beginnt 1969 mit dem wilden Leben in den Kommunen Westberlins, macht einen Zwischenstopp in südjemenitischen Guerillatrainingscamps und endet 1980 in Paris mit dem Zusammenschluss mit der RAF. Die Mitglieder überschritten also nicht nur geographische Grenzen, sondern auch Grenzen der Gewalt: vom Steinwurf zur Flugzeugentführung. In seiner Analyse zeichnet Max Gedig nicht nur ein detailliertes Bild der Geschehnisse, sondern auch der Mitglieder, ihrer politischen Ziele und des radikalen Milieus, aus dem sie sich rekrutierten. Max Gedig betrachtet die Gruppierung dabei sowohl aus einem historischen Blickwinkel als auch aus den Perspektiven der Gewalt-, Organisations- und Gemeinschaftssoziologie. Der interdisziplinäre Ansatz ermöglicht eine besonders umfassende Analyse der Organisation. Diese trägt wesentlich zum Verständnis der radikalen Linken sowie der politischen Gewalt der deutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte bei.

In den Jahren 1880 bis 1914 suchten radikalisierte politische Gruppierungen weltweit mit Anschlägen und Attentaten öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit auf ihre Anliegen zu lenken. Ihre Gewaltakte lösten globale Reaktionen aus: Sowohl die Medien als auch die Politik bis hin zu politischen Aktivistinnen und Aktivisten rezipierten die Nachrichten über die Gewalt, äußerten ihren Abscheu oder ihre Bewunderung. Die Arbeit erzählt die Globalgeschichte des Terrorismus ausgehend vom Russischen Reich und damit von einem Staat, der um 1900 zum Dreh- und Angelpunkt globaler Debatten über Ursachen, Konsequenzen und Legitimität terroristischer Gewaltformen wurde. Bis heute gilt das Russische Reich als Ursprungsland des modernen Terrorismus. Global war das erste Zeitalter des Terrorismus vor allem in der medialen Vermittlung und im Bewusstsein der Zeitgenoss:innen. Politische Gewalt löste staatliche und mediale Reaktionen aus, die weit über den Horizont der Erwartungen der Attentäterinnen und Attentäter hinausreichten. Die Debatten im Anschluss an die Gewaltakte verweisen damit auf tiefe innergesellschaftliche und internationale Konflikte in den letzten Jahrzehnten vor Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges. Die preisgekrönte Studie leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Gewaltforschung, zur internationalen und globalen Geschichte sowie zur Geschichte transnationaler medialer und emotionaler Vernetzungen.

The Routledge History of the First World War is a work which, in a single volume, covers a range of major themes and issues relating to that conflict.Providing a comprehensive but readily accessible reference work examining the First World War, in accordance with a broad range of themes, this book presents the many ways in which study of the First World War can take place and introduces readers to new areas of research, often untouched in other studies of the war. With a scholarly Introduction and 60 chapters by specialist authors who come from 14 different countries, across four continents, the book is also intended to open lines of further inquiry from its solid base of academic knowledge. The volume demonstrates the war's global and total nature, examining the conflict in all major theatres and through the lens of the key combatants and neutrals. It also fully engages with issues of race, gender, ideology, and society during the war.This book will appeal to students of all levels, scholars, and general readers alike interested in the First World War from several different perspectives and research areas. The 60 chapters cover topics from numerous angles and provide detailed information about all aspects relating to the First World War.

Exploring the entwined histories of British royal visits to Southern Africa in the twentieth century, this book analyses the clashing voices of dissent and cheering crowds that accompanied royal tours, providing insight into the shifting nature of ‘Black loyalism.'Originating in the Indigenous empire loyalism of eighteenth-century Canada, Black loyalism encompassed loyalty to the British crown and a shared ideology of ‘rights and ‘entitlements,'which positioned the crown as a source of protection against white settler rapacity, colonial violence, and racial oppression. However, expressions of monarchical devotion were often double-edged and addressed the fundamental contradiction of a crown that was both the source of rights and complicit in colonial conquest, appropriation, and misrule. It was on royal occasions such as jubilees, coronation celebrations, and especially royal visits, when the sovereign was literally amongst their more distant subjects, that loyalist sentiment was rekindled, reinvented, and made directly relevant to the concerns of the day. By analysing change and continuity in Black perspectives towards both the British and Indigenous African monarchy during these visits, this book offers a fruitful way into examining an array of Black Southern African discourses on governance, political values, and cultural identities across the region. It argues that the refashioning of British imperial monarchy in the twentieth century was profoundly shaped by African initiatives and re-imaginings, and provides valuable reading for those researching imperialism, popular attitudes to the British monarchy in the twentieth century, and the diverse politics and identities of southern Africa.

Nel trentennio successivo alla fine della Seconda guerra mondiale, i socialdemocratici europei furono tra i protagonisti di una stagione di sviluppo economico e sociale senza precedenti nella storia del continente. Quella fase, tuttavia, è da tempo esaurita. Concentrandosi sugli anni Settanta del Novecento, questo volume esamina le analisi e le risposte che i socialdemocratici proposero di fronte alla crisi degli equilibri politici ed economici postbellici, all'accelerazione dei processi di globalizzazione e all'ascesa dei paradigmi neoliberali. I socialdemocratici provarono a definire modelli innovativi di governo della globalizzazione, aggiornando e rilanciando la loro tradizione internazionalista. Si confrontarono a questo scopo con attori diversi, dai rappresentanti della potenza egemone statunitense a quelli di un Sud globale in fermento. Ricostruendo queste vicende, attraverso una ricerca condotta in numerosi archivi europei e statunitensi, Michele Di Donato propone un'interpretazione originale della crisi delle socialdemocrazie e delle alternative all'ascesa globale del neoliberalismo.

The word ‘crusade'covers today a wide variety of meanings in most European languages. The link between these uses and the historical phenomenon labelled as ‘crusade'by historians is often very narrow and particularly changing. Understanding the real meaning of the word ‘crusade', its connotations and implications, and thus the conscious or unconscious intentions of its uses requires a precise knowledge of the historical evolutions of the word, from its first appearance in the 13th century until nowadays.This book offers the first comprehensive view of the historical construction of the meaning of the word ‘crusade'through comparative perspectives from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. Its 11 articles, introduction and conclusion examine different uses of the word, in a single language or within a specific context, and analyse each of them as a different conceptualisation of the crusading phenomenon. The book explains the progressive widening of the meaning of the term, from a military expedition to Jerusalem to the most metaphorical uses. It demonstrates the differences between the connotations of the word in various languages and cultures and, thus, the variety of its possible uses. It insists on the reluctance and reticence that ‘crusade'has always provoked since the Middle Ages, precisely because the conceptualisation it implied was not shared by all.The book will be of interest not only for crusade scholars and for diachronic linguists but also for anyone interested in understanding better modern discourses and references to the ‘crusade'by politicians, activists, and journalists, through a precise inquiry on the historical developments of the word and the variety of its meanings.

Persian Arabesques is an unpublished chapter in the history of Russian diplomacy as told by one of its most brilliant protagonists, Ivan J. Korostovetz (1862–1933). After his successes both at the Portsmouth Peace Treaty of 1905, where he served as secretary of the Russian-Japanese Conference, and at the Friendship Treaty with Mongolia, which he signed in 1912, Korostovetz describes in detail his memories of the last events of his diplomatic career. From 1913 to 1918, when he fled into exile to avoid imprisonment, he served mainly in Persia, for example as Russian Minister Plenipotentiary (1913–1915). As an important historical primary source, the memoirs describe not only current political events, but also various local customs and manners. Topics range from history and geography to regional religions and Byzantine-Persian literature.

The Irish contribution to Australian history goes both deep and wide. Originally published in 1986 the essays in this collection contribute both to the understanding of Ireland's place in Australian history and to the interpretation of the Irish scene in the nineteenth century. Ranging from law to W. B. Yeats, and from monumental sculpture to violence and crime, the papers reflect the diversity of the Irish-Australian experience and the persistence of a distinctively Irish culture even when transported across the world.

Exactly four hundred years after the birth of René Descartes (1596-1650), the present volume now makes available, for the first time in a bilingual, philosophical edition prepared especially for English-speaking readers, his Regulae ad directionem ingenii / Rules for the Direction of the Natural Intelligence (1619-1628), the Cartesian treatise on method. This unique edition contains an improved version of the original Latin text, a new English translation intended to be as literal as possible and as liberal as necessary, an interpretive essay contextualizing the text historically, philologically, and philosophically, a com-prehensive index of Latin terms, a key glossary of English equivalents, and an extensive bibliography covering all aspects of Descartes'methodology. Stephen Gaukroger has shown, in his authoritative Descartes: An Intellectual Biography (1995), that one cannot understand Descartes without understanding the early Descartes. But one also cannot understand the early Descartes without understanding the Regulae / Rules. Nor can one understand the Regulae / Rules without understanding a philosophical edition thereof. Therein lies the justification for this project. The edition is intended, not only for students and teachers of philosophy as well as of related disciplines such as literary and cultural criticism, but also for anyone interested in seriously reflecting on the nature, expression, and exercise of human intelligence: What is it? How does it manifest itself? How does it function? How can one make the most of what one has of it? Is it equally distributed in all human beings? What is natural about it, and what, not? In the Regulae / Rules Descartes tries to provide, from a distinctively early modern perspective, answers both to these and to many other questions about what he refers to as ingenium.

This volume gathers over 40 world-class scholars to explore the dynamics that have shaped the Irish experience in America from the seventeenth to the twenty-first centuries.From the early 1600s to the present, over 10 million Irish people emigrated to various points around the globe. Of them, more than six million settled in what we now call the United States of America. Some were emigrants, some were exiles, and some were refugees—but they all brought with them habits, ideas, and beliefs from Ireland, which played a role in shaping their new home. Organized chronologically, the chapters in this volume offer a cogent blend of historical perspectives from the pens of some of the world's leading scholars. Each section explores multiple themes including gender, race, identity, class, work, religion, and politics. This book also offers essays that examine the literary and/or artistic production of each era. These studies investigate not only how Irish America saw itself or, in turn, was seen, but also how the historical moment influenced cultural representation. It demonstrates the ways in which Irish Americans have connected with other groups, such as African Americans and Native Americans, and sets “Irish America” in the context of the global Irish diaspora.This book will be of value to undergraduate and graduate students, as well as instructors and scholars interested in American History, Immigration History, Irish Studies, and Ethnic Studies more broadly.

Governance and Public Space in the Australian City is a rich and evocative examination of the production and use of public spaces in Australian cities in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Using Brisbane as a case study, it demonstrates the way public spaces were constructed, contested, and controlled in attempts to create ‘ideal'city spaces. This construction of space is considered not just in the literal and material sense but also as a product of aspirational and imaginative processes of city-building by municipal authorities and citizens. This book is as much about people as it is about cities – uncovering the manner in which perceived models of ideal urban citizenship were reflected in the production and ordering of city spaces. This book challenges common narratives that situate public spaces as universal or equalising aspects of the urban sphere. Exploring three distinct types of public space – the streets, slums, and parks – the book questions how urban spaces functioned, alongside how they were intended to function. In so doing, Governance and Public Space in the Australian City situates public spaces as products of manipulation and regulation at odds with broader concepts of individual liberty and the ‘rights'of people to public space. It will be illuminating reading for scholars and students of urban history and Australian history.

This book includes a reference of the zoos in the world, plus explanations and photographs of animals and which zoo they can be found in. It is volume 2 and includes listings from G to P.

This book examines the role of the British in the diffusion and development of soccer on the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago, in the light of issues of race, ethnicity, colour, class and national identity, in the period 1908–1973.This role was expressed in the activities of understudied organizations like the English Football Association and the British Council, as well as oil companies like Shell and British Petroleum; through the recruitment of coaches such as Jimmy Hill and Michael Laing; the staging of tours involving teams such as Chelsea, Coventry City, Wolverhampton Wanderers and Arsenal in the 1960s; the formation of clubs, leagues and the construction of sporting facilities. Relatedly, it examines the role of the local middle classes in facilitating the commercialization of the game through professionalization and the operations of betting pools. The volume will help to give readers a better understanding of how the game served as a “double agent” of British hegemony and segregation, as well as integration and socio-political change in colonial and post-colonial society.The book will be of value to sport scholars, students, footballers and fans of the game who have an interest in its history across the world.

This volume explores the experiences of those with little or no power—usually, although not exclusively, animals. The theme of animals as experiencing entities is what links the chapters and characterises the volume. Broadly each author in this volume contributes in one of two ways. The first group, in Section 1, theoretically engages animal subjectivity, animal experiences, and ways in which these are to some extent accessible and knowable to humans. The second group of authors, in Section 2, offer narrative accounts about specific animals or groups of animals and explore to some extent their subjective historical experiences. In summary, the first section diversely theorises about animal experiences, while the second section's authors assume animals'subjective experiences and construct narratives that take into account how animals might have subjectively experienced historical phenomena.

Uomini e donne, santi e assassini, animali fantastici, antidoti e amari calici, speziali e confidenti, crimini e processi. Ecco gli ingredienti di questa storia. Nel Medioevo, il veleno era una minaccia costante, tanto che le morti per avvelenamento erano relativamente comuni, e l'arsenico, con la sua letale efficacia e la sua invisibilità, era una delle sostanze più micidiali. Le narrazioni letterarie, le cronache e le rappresentazioni artistiche hanno alimentato un immaginario del veleno come arma segreta e insidiosa e delle donne come le principali'avvelenatrici'. A partire dalle fonti storiche, Beatrice Del Bo decostruisce alcuni falsi miti di un fenomeno che ha affascinato e spaventato l'umanità per secoli: l'uso del veleno coinvolgeva uomini e donne di ogni ceto sociale, infiltrandosi tanto nelle corti nobiliari quanto nei mercati e nelle taverne delle città, e non era solo uno strumento di morte, ma anche di cura e un simbolo di autorità e controllo, capace di sconvolgere le dinamiche del potere e della vita quotidiana. La vera storia di un nemico spesso invisibile.

The essays examine how the study of facial features or expressions as indicative of character or ethnicity, has evolved from the crossroad of magic, religion and primitive medicine to present-day cultural concern for wellness and beauty. In this context, the discoveries of cranio-facial neurophysiology and psychology and the practice of cosmetic and reconstructive surgery have a centuries-old relationship with physiognomy. As the study of outward appearances evolved from its classical roots and self-representations through 18th- and 19th-century adaptations in fiction and travelogues, it gradually became a scientific discipline. Along the way, physiognomy was associated with phrenology and craniology and promoted eugenic policies. Tainted with racial bigotry and biological determinism, it was trapped within questions of delinquency, monstrosity and posthumanism. Throughout its history, physiognomy played both positive and negative roles in the evolution of significant aspects of the socio-cultural order in the West that merit update and in-depth study. The contributions follow a chronological and intertwining sequence to encompass physiognomic expressions in art, literature, spirituality, science, philosophy and cultural studies.

Coal is a topic that has been, remains, and will continue to be of significant interest to those concerned with the causes, course and consequences of industrialization and de-industrialization. This six-volume, reset collection provides scholars with a wide variety of sources relating to the Victorian coal industry.

A history of Argentina that examines how trans bodies were understood, policed, and shaped in a country that banned medically assisted gender affirmation practices and punished trans lives. As a trans history of Argentina, a country that banned medically assisted gender affirmation practices and punished trans lives, A Body of One's Own places the histories of trans bodies at the core of modern Argentinian history. Patricio Simonetto documents the lives of people who crossed the boundaries of gender from the early twentieth century to the present. Based on extensive archival research in public and community-based archives, this book explores the mainstream medical and media portrayals of trans or travesti people, the state policing of gender embodiment, the experiences of those transgressing the boundaries of gender, and the development of homemade technologies from prosthetics to the self-injection of silicone. A Body of One's Own explores how trans activists'challenges to the exclusionary effects of Argentina's legal, cultural, social, and political cisgender order led to the passage of the Gender Identity Law in 2012. Analyzing the decisive yet overlooked impact of gender transformation in the formation of the nation-state, gender-belonging, and citizenship, this book ultimately shows that supposedly abstract struggles to define the shifting notions of'sex,'citizenship, and nationhood are embodied material experiences.

Unviajeeneltiempo quemuestracómonuestrabiología hadeterminado lahistoria de lahumanidad. Somos una maravilla de la evolución, capaces de hazañas increíbles. Pero también somos profundamente imperfectos. Nuestros cuerpos y mentes a menudo se rompen, fallan y nos entorpecen. Ser humano es vivir con esta extraordinaria contradicción. Lewis Dartnell cuenta por primera vez nuestra historia a través de la lente de esta naturaleza singularmente frágil. Para entender el curso que ha tomado la humanidad desde la prehistoria hasta la Edad Moderna, debemos comprender quiénes somos. Desde la epidemia que trajo la libertad a los campesinos europeos hasta la deficiencia sanitaria que dio origen a la mayor organización criminal del mundo, pasando por los sesgos psicológicos que condujeron a las catástrofes militares de Crimea e Irak, este libro revela cómo nuestra naturaleza única dio forma a los sistemas políticos, económicos y sociales y, lo que es más importante, hasta qué punto sigue influyendo en el progreso humano actual. La crítica ha dicho: «Un esclarecedor recorrido a través de la historia utilizando nuestro cuerpo como vehículo. ¡Un viaje en toda regla!» Tim Marshall, autor de Prisioneros de la geografía «De una gran envergadura, exhaustivo y original». Thomas Halliday, autor de Otros mundos «Un viaje intrépido a través de la ciencia, la historia y la prehistoria, lleno de conexiones inesperadas y deleitantes reflexiones». Tim Harford, autor de 10 Reglas para comprender el mundo «Un relato revolucionario sobre el progreso humano. Esta es la historia como nunca la habías leído hasta ahora: una narración fascinante y apasionada de un cronista magistral». Jo Marchant, autora de The Human Cosmos «Una exploración sublime y alucinante de quiénes somos y cómo hemos llegado hasta aquí». Richard Fisher, autor de The Long View «Brillantemente entretenido y bellamente escrito, Ser humano te hace ver el mundo de una manera totalmente nueva. Historia interdisciplinar en estado puro». Jonathan Kennedy, autor de Pathogenesis «Un recorrido sagaz a través de las formas en las que nuestra biología ha afectado ineludiblemente a la historia del mundo, que te abrirá los ojos y ampliará tu mente». Henry Gee, autor de Una (muy) breve historia de la vida en la Tierra «Está repleto de historias científicas, este libro es una fascinante exploración de cómo nuestra biología imperfecta determina nuestra forma de vivir, amar, prosperar y morir. Ser humano te hará reflexionar sobre ti mismo y tu especie». Kat Arney, autora de Rebel Cell «Una lectura brillante, superinformativa y amena». Camilla Pang, autora de Cómo ser humano «Lewis Dartnell goza de una merecida reputación por sus interesantes escritos sobre grandes temas. Ser humano es tan absorbente que resulta difícil dejarlo». Martin Rees, autor de IfScienceistoSaveUs «Dartnell lo ha vuelto a hacer. Lleno de lecciones sorprendentes, vívidas y profundas, este libro es literalmente maravilloso». Ed Conway, autor de MaterialWorld

A study of transnational identity, migration, and state loyalties told through the social and political history of Iran's Khuzestan province. In 1980, Saddam Hussein's Ba‘athist forces invaded Khuzestan, one of the oldest and richest provinces in Iran, triggering the Iran-Iraq War. Shaherzad Ahmadi's Bordering on War examines the social history of Khuzestan and sheds light on how border dwellers, provincial leaders, and migrants in the region shaped Iran and Iraq's history before, during, and after the war. Drawing from a rich collection of Persian- and Arabic-language archival sources—rarely used by western scholars due to restrictions in Iran—Ahmadi's research focuses on Arab Iranians and argues that Iranian border dwellers and migrants formed local, non-national loyalties, thereby eschewing bureaucratic pressures to confine loyalties to a single nation-state. The transnational character and ethnically diverse composition of Khuzestan, especially in the oil-rich towns on the southwestern border, led many, including Iraq's Ba‘ath Party, to question the national belonging of Arab Iranians. Bordering on War contributes to a wider discussion about the ability of individuals and communities to exert agency through migration, trade, education, and other activities.

British Assam holds an important place in the history of the British Empire in South Asia. This is especially so in the context of colonial frontier- making. It is in this regard that the book examines what it culturally meant to be a hunter, peasant or rebel between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries in the British Assam frontier. The book highlights that these figures are of conceptual significance. While the figures were of contrastive nature, the complexity of underlying relations through and in which British colonialism constituted and reproduced itself in Assam could be uncovered from a study of these contrastive figures. Using a wide spectrum of archival sources, the hunters'memoirs, the peasants'ballads and a rebel's worldview are examined as the cultural forms through which one can study these relations that generated the sense of colonial reality in these figures. Through these issues, the book examines what constituted the nature of the British Assam frontier, and how colonialism and capitalism shaped and reproduced an imperial frontier.Part of the Empire and Frontiers book series, this book will be of great interest to students and researchers of history, cultural studies, anthropology, literary studies, frontiers and borderland studies and South Asian studies.

Cardinal Reginald Pole (1500-1558) was one of the most important international figures of mid-16th century Europe: principal antagonist of Henry VIII, papal diplomat, legate to the council of Trent, and nearly successful candidate for pope. But even more significant than his political actions is that Pole tried to mediate between increasingly rigid religious positions, preserving belief in justification by faith within a charismatically conceived papal church. His writing converted categories of feudal discourse, especially the language of honour, into newer humanist modes as a means of resisting tyranny, whether secular or religious. He also created his own saintly image, as well as much of the historiography of the English Reformation. These studies place him in his English, Italian and European contexts - political, intellectual and religious. They also evaluate his ties to such major intellectual and literary figues as Marco Mantova Benavides and Ludovico Ariosto.

First Published in 1990, Moscow Graffiti is a unique and unprecedented look at the graffiti that began to appear for the first time on the walls of Moscow and other Soviet cities in the late 1970s. John Bushnell first traces the social and cultural changes that fostered the emergence of a multifaceted Soviet subculture and the appearance of graffiti. He explains the common graffiti argot of Russian slang, English, and pictographs, and then examines the disparate groups that produced it-adolescent gangs, heavy metal fans, pacifists, punks, hippies, and even the fans of a popular Soviet novel (Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita). Through graffiti these conflicting and alienated groups produce an explicit cultural alternative to the official culture they disdain.Fully illustrated with over eighty drawings and photos, Moscow Graffiti is a unique look at an underexplored area of Soviet society. The book will prove fascinating reading to all those interested in Soviet society, history, and popular culture.

This volume explores the political life of rage as it has been experienced and mobilized in the Francosphere since 1968. If mai is remembered as a failure to convert insurrectionary feeling into lasting political change, the vast number of activist groups who have alchemized their anger into resistance over the past fifty years are a testament to the continued, necessary role of rage in political life. This volume traces the various morphologies of anger across French-language literature, thought, cinema and activism. From Black feminisms to punk, flamboyance to suicide, cacophonous sound to riotous song, the contributions probe the aesthetics and politics of rage. This collection also examines the uneven legitimization of political anger – how rage is allowed to be expressed, by whom and in which contexts. Rage is often dismissed as inimical to proper academic inquiry: what unites the contributions in this publication is a commitment to thinking with feeling.

Only edition of the Collected Works of Johan Wessel Gansfort ( c. 1420-1489), one of the main'Reformers before the Reformation'.

A look at the history of psychiatry's foundational impact on the lives of queer and gender-variant people. In the mid-twentieth century, American psychiatrists proclaimed homosexuality a mental disorder, one that was treatable and amenable to cure. Drawing on a collection of previously unexamined case files from St. Elizabeths Hospital, In the Shadow of Diagnosis explores the encounter between psychiatry and queer and gender-variant people in the mid- to late-twentieth-century United States. It examines psychiatrists'investments in understanding homosexuality as a dire psychiatric condition, a judgment that garnered them tremendous power and authority at a time that historians have characterized as psychiatry's “golden age.” That stigmatizing diagnosis made a deep and lasting impact, too, on queer people, shaping gay life and politics in indelible ways. In the Shadow of Diagnosis helps us understand the adhesive and ongoing connection between queerness and sickness.

This volume comprises articles by scholars from three disciplines – literary studies, TEFL methodology, and history – from three universities – University College Cork (UCC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/Leuven Centre for Irish Studies (KU Leuven/LCIS), and Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg/Irish Studies Würzburg (JMU/ISWÜ) – in three European countries – Ireland, Belgium, and Germany. The contributors explore Irish ‘history in stories'from the vantage point of their national and disciplinary contexts, emphasizing cultural knowledge and historical lessons to be drawn from ‘texts'from and about the Irish past.

What part has organized labour played in the history of modern Britain? To what extent has British society been shaped by working class organization in industry and labour in politics? A major reinterpretation of the relationship between the history of the working class and the history of British society from 1780 to 1980, Labour in British Society (originally published in 1986) traces two recurrent themes—how the pattern of social relations in industry has developed since the Industrial Revolution, and how these patterns have been affiliated to national political and economic developments. This book is a must read for students and researchers of history.

This volume focuses on labour history in Britain, but brings in comparative material on the Continent, in particular inter-war Germany. Special attention is given to wages and living and working conditions in the 19th century, to Robert Owen and Co-operation, and to the modern trade union movement and its attempts to keep up the interests of its members in the fluctuating conditions of the late 19th and earlier 20th centuries. The author defends the notion that wage-earners have common interests and frequently share common experiences, and that their organisations have both a strictly economic aspect (trade unions) and a wider political dimension. The profound changes which the labour organisations underwent in the 19th and 20th centuries are a major concern of these essays.

Imaging Animal Industry focuses on the visual culture of the American meat industry between 1890 and 1960. It describes how, during that period, photographs and other images helped to shape public perceptions of industrial-scale meat production. Although the meat industry today bans most photography at its facilities, in the past this was not always the case: the meat industry not only tolerated but welcomed cameras. Meatpacking companies and industry organizations regarded photographs as useful tools for creating and managing a vision of their activities, their innovations, and their contributions to the march of American economic and industrial progress. Drawing on archival collections across the American Midwest, this book relates a history of the meatpacking industry's use of images in the early to mid-twentieth century. In the process, it reveals the key role that images, particularly photographs, have played in assisting with the rise of industrial meat production.

This book is the first scholarly study to explore economic relations between brewers and publicans in the brewing industry over a century.Based on overlooked historical evidence, this volume examines over 400 interviews with candidates for public houses, unpublished evidence of royal commissions heard in secrecy, representations of publicans in fiction and film and systematic reading of 15 licensed victuallers'newspapers. The Mystique of Running the Public House in England situates licensed victualling among upper-working- and lower-middle-class occupations in England and abroad. This book explores why aspiring but untrained individuals sought public house tenancies, notwithstanding high levels of turnovers and numerous bankruptcies among licensed victuallers. Encapsulated in any newcomer's appraisal was the captivating vision of El Dorado, a nirvana which promised unimaginable wealth, high social status, respectability and social mobility as rewards for those limited in income but not in ambition. Despite the allure of El Dorado, the likelihood of publicans realizing their aspirations was quite as remote as that of fish and chip proprietors, Blackpool landladies and French café proprietors. This volume will be of great value to students and scholars alike interested in British History, Economic History and Social and Cultural History.

Now in its second edition, New York State: Peoples, Places, and Priorities is an accessibly written book that explores the ever-shifting dynamics of New York State history in a single volume.The text is organized both chronologically and topically, balancing political, economic, social, and cultural history. It discusses key figures, groups, movements, and controversies, upstate and downstate. Each chapter is divided into teachable, digestible sections that examine the major developments and challenges of that period, with timelines and lists of online resources to aid student understanding. The new edition brings New York State's history into the present with coverage of recent political and economic developments, the Covid-19 pandemic, immigration, and global warming. Throughout the book, material was added concerning the American Revolution, the Civil War, women's rights, and environmental justice. Artwork, maps, charts, and textboxes illuminate the state's rich history. Analytical questions accompanying figures and texts encourage deeper engagement with the past.Designed for undergraduates, this book is a concise and updated account of New York State's history over the centuries, with a wealth of resources to benefit students and instructors alike.

The Routledge Handbook of Heritage and the Law sheds light on the relationship between the two fields and analyses how the law shapes heritage and heritage practice in both expected and unexpected ways.Including contributions from 41 authors working across a range of jurisdictions, the volume analyses the law as a transnational phenomenon and uses international and comparative legal methodologies to distil lessons for broad application. Demonstrating that the law is fundamentally a language of power and contestation, the Handbook shows how this impacts our views of heritage. It also shows that, to understand the ways in which the law impacts key aspects of heritage practice, it is important to tap into the possibilities of heritage as points of convergence of identity, struggles over resources, and the distribution of power. Framing heritage as a driver for legal engagement rather than a passive regulatory object, the book first reviews the legal fields or mechanisms that can shape action in the heritage field, then questions how these enable authority and give power to those who seize heritage, and finally envisions how the discussion between heritage and the law can lay new grounds in both those fields. Lifting the mists that often render the law opaque in heritage studies, the Handbook showcases the law as a medium through which the culture and the power of heritage are expressed and might be shared.The Routledge Handbook of Heritage and the Law presents a view of the law that is aimed at those who wish to reflect on how law has changed, or could change, what heritage is and how it can support social, cultural, local, or other development. It will be of interest to scholars, students, policymakers, and practitioners working in the areas of museum studies, heritage studies, and urban studies, as well as in cultural intervention and planning.Chapter 8 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.Chapter 34 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons (CC-BY) 4.0 license.The Routledge Handbook of Heritage and the Law | Lucas Lixinski, Lucie (taylorfrancis.com)

This edited volume is a sequel to, and a development of, The Long Aftermath: Cultural Legacies of Europe at War, 1936–2016 (2016). It focuses on the six major European countries and states that remained officially neutral throughout the Second World War, namely Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the Vatican.Its transnational, comparative, and interdisciplinary approach addresses complex questions pertaining to collective remembrance, national policies and politics, and intellectual as well as cultural responses to neutrality during and after the conflict. The contributions are from a broad range of scholars working across the disciplines of history, literature, film, media, and cultural studies. Their thought-provoking chapters challenge many assumptions about neutrality in the post-war European and global context, thereby filling a gap in the existing scholarship.Common themes that run through the volume include the intertwined and dynamic links between neutrality and moral responsibility during and after the Second World War, the importance of memory politics and popular culture in shaping collective memories, and the impact of the Holocaust in shifting traditional perspectives on neutrality since the 1990s. This volume will be of interest to undergraduates, postgraduates, scholars interested in the field of memory studies, as well as non-specialist readers.