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This book challenges earlier understandings of early modern dissertations as unimaginative academic exercises. It argues for their continuous importance in scholarly and scientific discourse, and describes the richness and diversity of their subjects and themes. The book contains a complete catalogue of the almost 20,000 Swedish dissertations defended in Uppsala, Lund and Åbo, 1600 to 1820. The catalogue includes longer comments and descriptions of a few thousand of these dissertations, and also gives an analysis of how different subjects have evolved over time.

By combining chronological coverage, analytical breadth, and interdisciplinary approaches, these two volumes—Histories of Solitude and Histories of Perplexity—study the histories of Colombia over the last two centuries as illustrations of the histories of democracy across the Americas.The volumes bring together over 40 scholars based in Colombia, the United States, England, and Canada working in various disciplines to discuss how a country that has been consistently presented as a rarity in Latin America provides critical examples to re-examine major historical problems: republicanism and liberalism; export economies and agrarian modernization; populism and cultural politics of state formation; revolutionary and counterinsurgent Cold War violence; neoliberal reforms and urban development; popular mobilization and counterhegemonic public spheres; political ecologies and environmental struggles; and labors of memory and the challenge of reconciliation. Contributors are sensitive to questions of subjectivity and discourse, observant of ethnographic details and micro-politics, and attuned to macro-perspectives such as transnational and global histories.These volumes offer fresh perspectives on Colombia and will be of great value to those interested in Latin American and Caribbean history.

Le 27 juillet 1947 dans la salle du cinéma Palace de Dakar, le commerçant Maurice Voisin organise un meeting de lancement d'un journal qui animera pendant une dizaine d'années de violentes campagnes anti-libanaises. Documentés par les renseignements coloniaux, ses propos ciblent une communauté de rivaux qui s'accaparent les richesses de la colonie. A l'heure où se profilent les décolonisations, il accuse ensuite les Libanais d'A.O.F de vouloir entraîner les Africains dans la sédition, profitant du laxisme de l'administration coloniale. Mais derrière les excès d'un propagandiste en mal de lecteurs, se dessine l'histoire d'individus dont les migrations ont d'abord profité à l'empire colonial français depuis la fin du XIXe siècle. Issus d'une région depuis longtemps sous influence de la France, les commerçants libanais ont accompagné voire quelquefois devancé, au gré des opportunités saisies, l'installation du pouvoir français en A.O.F. Leur histoire nous permet finalement d'identifier les mécanismes de gouvernement d'un empire politiquement et géographiquement morcelé et dont les sujets sont en mouvement, ce qui place les acteurs de la politique impériale française face à leurs intérêts contradictoires en Afrique et au Moyen-Orient.

This work is the first English translation of the entire text of part one of sixteenth-century Spanish historian Francisco López de Gómara's General History of the Indies. Including substantial critical annotations and providing access to various readings and passages added to or removed from the successive editions of the 1550s, this translation expands the archive of texts available to English speakers reconsidering the various aspects of the European invasion of America. General History of the Indies was the first universal history of the recent discoveries and conquests of the New World made available to the Old World audience. At publication it consisted of two parts: the first a general history of the European discovery, conquest, and settlement of the Americas, and the second a detailed description of Cortés's conquest of Mexico. Part one—in the multiple Spanish editions and translations into Italian and French published at the time—was the most comprehensive, popular, and accessible account of the natural history and geography of the Americas, the ethnology of the peoples of the New World, and the history of the Spanish conquest, including the most recent developments in Peru. Despite its original and continued importance, however, it had never been translated into English. Gómara's history communicates Europeans'general understanding of the New World throughout the middle and later sixteenth century. A lively, comparatively brief description of Europe's expansion into the Americas with significant importance to today's understanding of the early modern worldview, Francisco López de Gómara's General History of the Indies will be of great interest to students of and specialists in Latin American history, Latin American literature, anthropology, and cultural studies, as well as specialists in Spanish American intellectual history and colonial Latin America.

Camelids are vital to the cultures and economies of the Andes. The animals have also been at the heart of ecological and social catastrophe: Europeans overhunted wild vicuña and guanaco and imposed husbandry and breeding practices that decimated llama and alpaca flocks that had been successfully tended by Indigenous peoples for generations. Yet the colonial encounter with these animals was not limited to the New World. Llamas beyond the Andes tells the five-hundred-year history of animals removed from their native habitats and transported overseas. Initially Europeans prized camelids for the bezoar stones found in their guts: boluses of ingested matter that were thought to have curative powers. Then the animals themselves were shipped abroad as exotica. As Europeans and US Americans came to recognize the economic value of camelids, new questions emerged: What would these novel sources of protein and fiber mean for the sheep industry? And how best to cultivate herds? Andeans had the expertise, but knowledge sharing was rarely easy. Marcia Stephenson explores the myriad scientific, commercial, and cultural interests that have attended camelids globally, making these animals a critical meeting point for diverse groups from the North and South.

Este libro aborda un proceso de la historia de Chile que se inicia en 1890 con la acusación de enfermedad mental o locura del presidente de la República, José Manuel Balmaceda. El estallido de la guerra civil en 1891 y el suicidio del presidente introdujo en la crisis política un elemento adicional que partidarios y detractores utilizaron en sentido opuesto. Para el bando congresista, autodenominado «constitucionalista», el suicidio comprobó la culpabilidad criminal de Balmaceda. En cambio, para sus partidarios era el reflejo del comportamiento heroico del mártir que entregó su vida al servicio de la patria. Es por ello que incorporamos la visión de la Iglesia Católica y del Código Penal para intentar comprender las concepciones que entonces, y aún ahora, determinan las consideraciones sobre los actos humanos límites como el suicidio.

Ce premier tome étudie le processus de création et de consolidation du mythe du sauveur, accroché, telle une décoration, à la veste du maréchal Pétain, surnommé « vainqueur de Verdun » dès 1916. Ce mythe, qui s'active toujours en période de crise, - ici, la défaite de la France et l'occupation allemande -, est scruté à l'aune des discours et messages de Pétain et à celle de la psychologie des foules. Il peut s'analyser à travers quatre pôles, républicain, monarchique, religieux et prophétique. Au sein de chacun d'eux, des fonctions sont apparues avant 1940 - le militaire, le maréchal républicain, l'instituteur, le docteur, le paysan -, quand d'autres ont été forgées à partir de 1940.

7 novembre 2018 : à quatre jours des commémorations, aux Invalides, du centenaire de la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, Emmanuel Macron, président de la République, estime « légitime de rendre hommage aux maréchaux qui ont conduit l'armée à la victoire ». Au nombre desquels, le maréchal Pétain. Devant l'indignation du CRIF et de la classe politique, il revint sur sa décision en retirant Pétain de la liste. De fait, les éclats du mythe Pétain ne sont pas ceux d'un diamant, mais ceux créés par sa déconstruction, mythe confronté à la réalité des évènements. Ce deuxième tome met en exergue le mensonge pétainiste comme système de gouvernance et révèle une vocation dévoyée.

A major new history of the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, set in a larger global context than previous accounts Previous accounts of the fall of the Inca empire have played up the importance of the events of one violent day in November 1532 at the highland Andean town of Cajamarca. To some, the'Cajamarca miracle'-in which Francisco Pizarro and a small contingent of Spaniards captured an Inca who led an army numbering in the tens of thousands-demonstrated the intervention of divine providence. To others, the outcome was simply the result of European technological and immunological superiority. Inca Apocalypse develops a new perspective on the Spanish invasion and transformation of the Inca realm. Alan Covey's sweeping narrative traces the origins of the Inca and Spanish empires, identifying how Andean and Iberian beliefs about the world's end shaped the collision of the two civilizations. Rather than a decisive victory on the field at Cajamarca, the Spanish conquest was an uncertain, disruptive process that reshaped the worldviews of those on each side of the conflict.. The survivors built colonial Peru, a new society that never forgot the Inca imperial legacy or the enduring supernatural power of the Andean landscape. Covey retells a familiar story of conquest at a larger historical and geographical scale than ever before. This rich new history, based on the latest archaeological and historical evidence, illuminates mysteries that still surround the last days of the largest empire in the pre-Columbian Americas.

This pioneering and celebrated work was the first, and remains the standard, account of the economic history of the huge area conventionally known as West Africa.The book ranges from prehistoric times to independence and covers the former French territories, as well as those colonised by the British. It criticises conventional beliefs about economic backwardness, offers an alternative account that explains the particular configuration of poverty that characterised the pre-colonial period, and assesses the consequences of the region's interaction with the wider world – from the growth of the Saharan and Atlantic trades to the rise and demise of colonial rule. This edition contains a substantial new Introduction that discusses the development of the subject during the past 50 years, evaluates the debate over the original interpretation, and provides a valuable guide to additional reading, bringing the reader up to date with current scholarship on the subject, as well as providing avenues for further independent research.Appearing at a time when the study of African economic history is enjoying a revival and is engaging economists as well as historians, the book fills a large gap in African studies, provides newcomers with a stimulating point of entry into the subject, and contributes to our understanding of wider issues of global underdevelopment.

Tocqueville n'aimait pas la République. Il lui reprochait de porter atteinte aux libertés. Il lui préférait la monarchie parlementaire. Pourtant, après la révolution de 1848, il s'y rallie. Son acte est pragmatique. Dans la crise politique, et faute d'alternative royaliste, la République est, selon lui, le seul régime capable d'empêcher l'anarchie et la tyrannie. Mais son ralliement se fait à la condition qu'elle soit libérale et conservatrice. Pour installer une république modérée, Tocqueville s'efforce d'influencer la rédaction de la Constitution de 1848, soutient la candidature à l'élection présidentielle de Cavaignac, défend une politique de paix et imagine une solution pour éviter un coup d'État bonapartiste. Néanmoins, l'Empire a remplacé la République. Mais ces combats ont préparé l'avenir : ils ont permis le compromis de 1875 et donc la IIIe République. Sans l'aimer, Tocqueville a fait autant pour la République que ses partisans.

The chapters reconstruct the values, norms, experiences, material manifestations, and power structures underlying the understandings of the holy and the sacred in early modern Christian contexts. They intend to gain a characteristic profile of the associated concepts and ideas, persons and social groups, objects and texts, times and spaces, and behaviours and performances, in order to provide insights into the identities and hegemonic structures developed around them. They trace the interdependence of religion and society, highlighting the constructiveness, transformability, and diversity of the sacred culture from the 15th to the 17th century.

La grande enquête archivistique entreprise à partir de 1765 jusqu'à la Révolution dans les archives du royaume a donné naissance à une abondante correspondance entre le cabinet des chartes à Paris et les différents chargés de mission sur place. Elle offre un panorama totalement inédit sur la situation des archives publiques, conventuelles ou seigneuriales à la veille de la Révolution. Ce premier volume concerne le travail accompli à Paris et particulièrement au sein de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres dont plusieurs membres furent associés à l'entreprise.

From Al-Andalus to the Americas (13th-17th Centuries). Destruction and Construcion of Societies offers a multi-perspective view of the filiation of different colonial and settler colonial experiences, from the Medieval Iberian Peninsula to the early Modern Americas. All the articles in the volume refer the reader to colonial orders that extended over time, that substantially reduced indigenous populations, that imposed new productive strategies and created new social hierarchies. The ideological background and how conquests were organised; the treatment given to the conquered lands and people; the political organisations, and the old and new agricultural systems are issues discussed in this volume.Contributors are David Abulafia, Manuel Ardit, Antonio Espino, Adela Fábregas, Josep M. Fradera, Enric Guinot, Helena Kirchner, Antonio Malpica, Virgilio Martínez-Enamorado, Carmen Mena, António Mendes, Félix Retamero, Inge Schjellerup, Josep Torró, and Antoni Virgili.

Every year, the Bibliography catalogues the most important new publications, historiographical monographs, and journal articles throughout the world, extending from prehistory and ancient history to the most recent contemporary historical studies. Within the systematic classification according to epoch, region, and historical discipline, works are also listed according to author's name and characteristic keywords in their title.

À partir de 1975, les hommes en armes s'imposent aux politiques sur la scène tchadienne, plongeant le peuple dans le désarroi. Les militaires tout comme les rebelles issus du Frolinat sont à l'origine d'un chaos qui va durer des décennies, mettant à mal l'unité nationale. Cette situation génère dans le pays des guerres civiles, l'ingérence des puissances étrangères et une instabilité politique chronique sur lesquelles des conférences nationales et internationales n'auront que très peu de prise.

This is an account of the Portuguese mission which landed at Massawa on the west coast of the Red Sea in April 1520 and re-embarked 6 years later. It was the first European embassy known to have reached the Ethiopian court and returned safely from it. It was a small group of fourteen, among whom was the chronicler Alvares, who wrote the most detailed early account of the country, valuable for Ethiopian history and the history of the expansion of Europe. Alvares's account was translated into English for the Hakluyt Society by Lord Stanley in 1881. This revision makes use of sources since discovered, corrects certain errors, and modifies the style of the early version. There is an introduction, detailed annotation and a number of appendices. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volumes first published in 1961.

Les élites du Nouveau Monde ont constitué, dès l'origine, une des bases de l'évolution coloniale. Elles ont influé sur les structures et les changements de la société américaine. Il n'est pas question de s'interroger ici sur le concept d'élite, mais, à travers quelques cas particuliers, d'illustrer ce thème sous des aspects fort divers.

This edited volume offers new perspectives from leading scholars on the important work of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (1539-1616), one of the first Latin American writers to present an intellectual analysis of pre-Columbian history and culture and the ensuing colonial period. To the contributors, Inca Garcilaso's Royal Commentaries of the Incas presented an early counter-hegemonic discourse and a reframing of the history of native non-alphabetic cultures that undermined the colonial rhetoric of his time and the geopolitical divisions it purported. Through his research in both Andean and Renaissance archives, Inca Garcilaso sought to connect these divergent cultures into one world. This collection offers five classical studies of Royal Commentaries previously unavailable in English, along with seven new essays that cover topics including Andean memory, historiography, translation, philosophy, trauma, and ethnic identity. This cross-disciplinary volume will be of interest to students and scholars of Latin American history, culture, comparative literature, subaltern studies, and works in translation.

L'horticulteur physiocrate Pierre Poivre a tenté, au XVIIIe siècle, une opération réputée impossible, à savoir la collecte et l'acclimatation à l'Isle de France (aujourd'hui Maurice) des épiceries fines qui passaient alors pour faire la puissance et la fortune des Provinces-Unies (Pays-Bas). Force est de reconnaître que cette véritable guerre des épices n'a que peu rapporté. En revanche les aventures de Poivre, sa personnalité et aussi ce que la postérité a retenu de lui, éclairent sur le courant physiocratique et économiste qui s'affirme dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle.

L'auteur s'est intéressé à Madagascar au travers de l'action humanitaire de son fils et de son épouse qui ont créé l'association'Grandir à Antsirabé'. Réalisant combien l'histoire de Madagascar était méconnue tant des Français que des Malgaches, il a regroupé notes et comptes-rendus de nombreuses publications universitaires pour rédiger cette synthèse qui se veut être un livre de vulgarisation, au bon sens du terme.

Established in Peru in 1570, the Holy Office of the Inquisition operated there until 1820, prosecuting, torturing, and sentencing alleged heretics. Ana Schaposchnik offers a deeply researched history of the Inquisition's tribunal in the capital city of Lima, with a focus on cases of crypto-Judaism—the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing Christianity. Delving into the records of the tribunal, Schaposchnik brings to light the experiences of individuals on both sides of the process. Some prisoners, she discovers, developed a limited degree of agency as they managed to stall trials or mitigate the most extreme punishments. Training her attention on the accusers, Schaposchnik uncovers the agendas of specific inquisitors in bringing the condemned from the dungeons to the 1639 Auto General de Fe ceremony of public penance and execution. Through this fine-grained study of the tribunal's participants, Schaposchnik finds that the Inquisition sought to discipline and shape culture not so much through frequency of trials or number of sentences as through the potency of individual examples.

While many Civil War reference books exist, there is no single compendium that contains important details about the combatant states (and territories) that Civil War researchers can readily access for their work. People looking for information about the organizations, activities, economies, demographics, and prominent personalities of Civil War States and state governments must assemble data from a variety of sources, with many key sources remaining unavailable online. This crucial reference book, the fourth in the States at War series, provides vital information on the organization, activities, economies, demographics, and prominent personalities of Delaware, Maryland, and New Jersey during the Civil War. Its principal sources include the Official Records, state adjutant-general reports, legislative journals, state and federal legislation, federal and state executive speeches and proclamations, and the general and special orders issued by the military authorities of both governments, North and South. Designed and organized for easy use by professional historians and amateurs, this book can be read in two ways: by individual state, with each chapter offering a stand-alone history of an individual state's war years; or across states, comparing reactions to the same event or solutions to the same problems.

There has been much scholarship on how the U.S. as a nation reacted to World War I, but few have explored how Alabama responded. Did the state follow the federal government's lead in organizing its resources or did Alabamians devise their own solutions to unique problems they faced? How did the state's cultural institutions and government react? What changes occurred in its economy and way of life? What, if any, were the long-term consequences in Alabama? The contributors to this volume address these questions and establish a base for further investigation of the state during this era. Contributors: David Alsobrook, Wilson Fallin Jr., Robert J. Jakeman, Dowe Littleton, Martin T. Olliff, Victoria E. Ott, Wesley P. Newton, Michael V. R. Thomason, Ruth Smith Truss, and Robert Saunders Jr.

Dans cet ouvrage, l'auteur analyse la construction de l'État au Gabon, avec pour concept central l'État bonapartiste. En effet, ce point de vue montre qu'au Gabon l'État n'a jamais été démocratique, mais despotique et policier, fonctionnant à la répression avec un seul pouvoir, le Gouvernement, avec un seul corps consultatif, le Parlement. L'hypothèse du bonapartisme concerne les deux régimes de Léon Mba et d'Omar Bongo, caractérisés par l'attachement à un homme et à un régime.

Această carte este destinată celor pentru care cultura și istoria Orientului Mijlociu constituie o noutate. A fost scrisă pentru a prezenta succint și clar informația respectivă și este divizată în 25 de capitole concise. Fiecare capitol poate fi citit în aproximativ cinci minute și este dedicat unui subiect major din istoria Orientului Mijlociu, precum începuturile Islamului, Cruciadele, Gingis Han și începuturile Israelului în 1948. Pentru a facilita înțelegerea capitolului, acesta începe cu două enunțuri: ideea principală și de ce capitolul e important pentru tine.Scopul cărții de față nu este să ofere informație exhaustivă despre toate culturile și regiunile Orientului Mijlociu; o astfel de lucrare ar fi mai voluminoasă decât Enciclopedia Britanică. Cartea oferă în schimb o imagine clară și simplă a fiecărui subiect, pornind de la presupunerea că cititorul cunoaște puține despre subiectul tratat. Cei care vor să cunoască mai multe sunt invitați să consulte lista bibliografică atașată la sfârșitul cărții. Cei care așteaptă un discurs îndelungat referitor la subiectele tratate sunt sfătuiți să consulte alte cărți, intenția autorului fiind cea de a oferi un curs intensiv.

Reissuing seminal works originally published between 1916 and 1995, Routledge Library Editions: Alchemy (7 volume set) offers a selection of scholarship covering various facets of alchemical traditions. Some texts examine alchemy itself while some offer insight into the motives for alchemical research and others outlay portraits of people such as Giordano Bruno and John Dee.

Dès la renaissance, à l'aube de la réforme spirituelle que suscite déjà le concile de Trente, Les Français découvrent les relations missionnaires. Ces lettres, récits ou écrits serviront de lectures édifiantes, de marque d'espoir face au renouveau catholique, mais également de support au dialogue avec l'altérité, La mission n'est pourtant pas une entreprise qui s'est improvisée ou qui s'est fondue dans l'esprit du colonialisme. Les articles du présent recueil, reflets des discussions qui se déroulèrent au colloque de 2007 organisé par l'Université de Waterloo au Musée de Sainte-Marie-au-pays-des-Hurons, montrent que le genre de relation missionnaire dans le monde francophone a une genèse complexe, a été façonné avec art, s'est modifié au cours des siècles et a tout de même favorisé, avant la lettre et à sa manière, ce dialogue des cultures religieuses que l'on souhaite tant aujourd'hui. De l'Orient à la Hongrie, du récit de pèlerinage au martyrologe, de l'Amérique à l'Extrême-Orient, ces déclinaisons de la relation missionnaire sous l'Ancien Régime permettent de découvrir un passé littéraire, culturel et religieux trop souvent oublié ou mal compris.

Jährlich seit 1848 halten die liberianischen Präsidenten vor dem Parlament eine Rede zur Lage der Nation, in der sich die jeweils aktuelle politische, soziale, wirtschaftliche und ethno-kulturelle Situation des Landes facettenreich widerspiegelt. Liberia, der erste und über ein Jahrhundert der einzige freie Staates Schwarzafrikas, wurde 1822 mit Unterstützung der American Colonization Society als Siedlungsgebiet für Afroamerikaner gegründet. 1847 erklärte Liberia seine Unabhängigkeit und bildete sein politisches System nach dem US-amerikanischen Vorbild aus. Mit der Darstellung der gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Entwicklung eines afrikanischen Landes in einem umfassenden historischen Längsschnitt von 1848 bis 2010 über eineinhalb Jahrhunderte hinweg wird erstmals ein Beitrag zur Forschungsgeschichte des politischen Systems eines der ersten unabhängigen Staaten des Kontinents geleistet. Dies trägt zu einer Erhellung des Spannungsfelds zwischen autochthoner Bevölkerung und ameriko-liberianischer Bevölkerung bei und bildet nicht zuletzt eine Dokumentation der Beziehungen zu den USA als der'Gründernation'und verfassungspolitischen Vorbild, besonders im 19. Jahrhundert. Die Reden der Präsidenten stellen somit einen wichtigen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der Vergangenheit, der gegenwärtigen Herausforderungen und der zukünftigen Perspektiven Liberias dar. Mit den Annual Messages of the Presidents of Liberia 1848–2010 liegen diese Dokumente, die in zahlreichen liberianischen und US-amerikanischen Archiven und Bibliotheken verstreut sind, erstmals gesammelt und rekonstruiert in einer Edition vor. Ergänzt werden die 146 Reden durch Biographien der Präsidenten sowie einer wissenschaftlichen Einleitung des Herausgebers. Die Edition stellt eine erstrangige Quelle zur Geschichte und Politik Afrikas der letzten 163 Jahre dar. Der Bearbeiter und Herausgeber D. Elwood Dunn lehrt Politikwissenschaften an der University of the South, Sewanee. Er arbeitete von 1974 bis 1980 für die liberianische Regierung, seit 1979 als Kabinettsmitglied, und war von 1985 bis 1995 als Herausgeber des'Liberian Studies Journal'tätig.

The History of Mexico: From Pre-Conquest to Present traces the last 500 years of Mexican history, from the indigenous empires that were devastated by the Spanish conquest through the election of 2006 and its aftermath. The book offers a straightforward chronological survey of Mexican history from the pre-colonial times to the present, and includes a glossary as well as numerous tables and images for comprehensive study.In lively and engaging prose, Philip Russell guides readers through major themes that still resonate today including: The role of women in society Environmental change The evolving status of Mexico's indigenous people African slavery and the role of race Government economic policy Foreign relations with the United States and others The companion website provides many useful student tools including multiple choice questions, extra book chapters, and links to online resources, as well as digital copies of the maps from the book.For additional information and classroom resources please visit The History of Mexico companion website at www.routledge.com/textbooks/russell.

Die Zukunft der Weimarer Republik wurde vor dem Hintergrund von Krieg und Revolution von den Zeitgenossen intensiv diskutiert. Auf breiter Quellengrundlage untersucht Rüdiger Graf die Zukunftsvorstellungen im gesamten politischen und intellektuellen Spektrum und zeigt, dass sich diese durch einen hohen Gestaltungsoptimismus, das weit verbreitete Bewusstsein, an einer Zeitenwende zu leben, sowie den Willen zur'Tat'auszeichneten. So arbeitet er die Grundlagen eines die Lager übergreifenden Konsenses heraus, auf dessen Basis die harten Auseinandersetzungen der Weimarer Republik erst entstanden. Grafs Analyse lässt die'Krisenjahre der klassischen Moderne'in neuem Licht erscheinen. Beim Wettbewerb'Das Historische Buch 2009'von H-Soz-u-Kult belegt diese Studie den 1. Rang in der Kategorie'Neueste Geschichte'.

Instabilité politique, mauvaise gouvernance, corruption, répression, prolifération des mouvements armés, désagrégation du tissu social, ingérences extérieures... tels sont les maux dont souffre le Tchad. L'auteur recherche l'explication dans le caractère historique de l'indépendance politique et la lourde responsabilité de l'élite de l'époque. L'autoritarisme et le parti unique du premier président Tombalbaye a exacerbé les contradictions de la société qui ont fini par engendrer le mal tchadien.

Christian Gottlob Heyne (1729 - 1812), der berühmteste klassische Philologe seiner Generation, hat in seinem umfangreichen Werk immer wieder auch althistorische Gegenstände behandelt. Eigene Forschungen zur Alten Geschichte und die Vermittlung der Ergebnisse der internationalen Wissenschaft in zahlreichen Rezensionen stehen neben Versuchen, die Erfahrungen der Antike für die Gegenwart fruchtbar zu machen. Die vorliegende Arbeit unternimmt es, auf einer breiten Materialbasis Heynes Beschäftigung mit der Alten Geschichte im Zusammenhang mit seinen philologischen, mythologischen, antiquarischen und archäologischen Studien darzustellen und ihr Verhältnis zur zeitgenössischen wissenschaftlichen oder politischen Diskussion zu bestimmen.

Der Index zum Tschechischen und Slowakischen Biographischen Archiv listet etwa 118.000 Personen, die auf den Gebieten der Tschechischen und der Slowakischen Republik gelebt, bzw. gewirkt haben, und erschließt so ca. 245.000 Artikel aus 212 Nachschlagewerken.

Dans un petit livre, documenté, précis et vivant, Hachemi Baghriche parle de sa jeunesse, celle d'un adolescent de Constantine, devenu militant à 15 ans des'Amis d'El Ouma'. Il s'agit là d'un document précieux et unique sur l'histoire du PPA à ses débuts, dans le Constantinois qui fut l'épicentre de la révolution manquée de Mai 1945. Ce récit est aussi celui de la jeunesse algérienne dont l'héroïsme et la soif de liberté suscitent respect et admiration.

No detailed description available for'2000'.

This is a comprehensive reference work which surveys all aspects of the history of medicine, both clinical and social, and reflects the complementary approaches to the discipline. The editors have assembled an international team of scholars to provide detailed and informative factual surveys with contemporary interpretations and historiographical debate.Special Features • Comprehensive: 72 substantial and original essays from internationally respected scholars • Unique: no other publication provides so much information in two volumes • Broad-ranging: includes coverage of non-Western as well as Western medicine • Up-to-date: incorporates the very latest in historical research and interpretation • User-friendly: clearly laid out and readable, with a full index of Topics and People • Indispensable: essential information for study and research, including bibliographic notes and cross-referencing between articles.

Cet ouvrage rassemble les mémoires d'un personnage de l'Océan Indien, né, dit-on, sous des astres favorables dont le parcours singulier aura marqué de son empreinte le destin de la Terre de ses Ancêtres. Les faits et les événements se succèdent, rapportés avec simplicité, non sans quelque vivacité.

Annually published since 1930, the International bibliography of Historical Sciences (IBOHS) is an international bibliography of the most important historical monographs and periodical articles published throughout the world, which deal with history from the earliest to the most recent times. The works are arranged systematically according to period, region or historical discipline, and within this classification alphabetically. The bibliography contains a geographical index and indexes of persons and authors.

The Commercialization of News in the Nineteenth Century traces the major transformation of newspapers from a politically based press to a commercially based press in the nineteenth century. Gerald J. Baldasty argues that broad changes in American society, the national economy, and the newspaper industry brought about this dramatic shift. Increasingly in the nineteenth century, news became a commodity valued more for its profitablility than for its role in informing or persuading the public on political issues. Newspapers started out as highly partisan adjuncts of political parties. As advertisers replaced political parties as the chief financial support of the press, they influenced newspapers in directing their content toward consumers, especially women. The results were recipes, fiction, contests, and features on everything from sports to fashion alongside more standard news about politics. Baldasty makes use of nineteenth-century materials—newspapers from throughout the era, manuscript letters from journalists and politicians, journalism and advertising trade publications, government reports—to document the changing role of the press during the period. He identifies three important phases: the partisan newspapers of the Jacksonian era (1825-1835), the transition of the press in the middle of the century, and the influence of commercialization of the news in the last two decades of the century.

Despite the economic hardship of the thirties, people flocked to the movies in unprecedented numbers. At the same time, the Roosevelt Administration was trying to implement the New Deal and increase the influence and power of the federal government. Weaving together film and political history, Giuliana Muscio traces the connections between Depression Era Hollywood and the popularity of FDR, asserting that politics transformed its public into spectators while the movie industry transformed its spectators into a public. Hollywood's New Deal reveals the ways in which this reciprocal relationship between politics and film evolved into a strategic effort to stabilize a nation in the clutches of economic unrest by creating a unified American consciousness through national cinema. Muscio analyzes such regulatory practices as the Hays Code, and the government's scrutinizing of monopolistic practices such as block booking and major studio ownership of movie theaters. Hollywood's New Deal, focusing on the management and structure of the film industry, delves deep into the Paramount case, detailing the behind-the-scenes negotiations and the public statements that ended with film industry leaders agreeing to self regulate and to eliminate monopolistic practices. Hollywood's acquiescence and the government's retreat from antitrust action show that they had found a mutually beneficial way of preserving their own spheres of power and influence. This book is indispensable for understanding the growth of the film industry and the increasing political importance of mass media. In the series Culture and the Moving Image, edited by Robert Sklar.

African-American women fought for their freedom with courage and vigor during and after the Civil War. Leslie Schwalm explores the vital roles of enslaved and formerly enslaved women on the rice plantations of lowcountry South Carolina, both in antebellum plantation life and in the wartime collapse of slavery. From there, she chronicles their efforts as freedwomen to recover from the impact of the war while redefining their lives and labor. Freedwomen asserted their own ideas of what freedom meant and insisted on important changes in the work they performed both for white employers and in their own homes. As Schwalm shows, these women rejected the most unpleasant or demeaning tasks, guarded the prerogatives they gained under the South's slave economy, and defended their hard-won freedoms against unwanted intervention by Northern whites and the efforts of former owners to restore slavery's social and economic relations during Reconstruction. A bold challenge to entrenched notions, A Hard Fight for We places African American women at the center of the South's transition from a slave society.

Multidisciplinary essays examinig the historical and cultural history of the Sephardic experience in the Americas, from pre-expulsion Spain to the modern era, as recounted by some of the most outstanding interpreters of the field.

Die uns überlieferten Texte Meister Eckharts sind Niederschlag von Unterweisungen, Vorlesungen und Predigten. Ihnen liegt Rede zugrunde: Ansprache an bestimmte Hörerschaften in bestimmten Situationen. In diesem Band werden die Lebenssituationen Eckharts - Erfurt, Paris, Straßburg, Köln, Avignon - vergegenwärtigt. Das geschieht unter der Fragestellung, wie weit Eckharts Denken situativ durch Lehraufgaben und Hörererwartungen geprägt ist. Ebenso wird aber auch bedacht, welche Gedanken sein gesamtes Werk wie Leitmotive durchziehen.