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In this collection of essays Mary Cyr explores some of the written and unwritten performance conventions that applied to French and English music of the 17th and early 18th centuries. Using composers'own notations, marks added by 18th-century performers, historical treatises, and pictorial evidence, she investigates both vocal and instrumental genres, including opera, cantatas, instrumental chamber music, and solo music for the viol and violin. Some of the performance conventions remain controversial, such as the use of gesture by the French opera chorus, and others are still little-known, such as the use of the double bass for rhythmic and harmonic support in early 18th-century French opera. As many of these essays demonstrate, French Baroque music allowed performers a wider latitude of nuance and expression than is often assumed today. The essays in this volume will be of particular interest to scholars and performers who are interested in adopting a historically-informed approach to performing music by Henry Purcell, Élisabeth-Claude Jacquet de La Guerre, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and their contemporaries. Several studies also deal with attributions, sources, and the discovery of a cantata by Rameau.

This volume is concerned with the geological sciences in the 18th century, with special emphasis on France and French scientists. A first focus is on the pioneering geologist Nicolas Desmarest, whose investigations in Auvergne and Italy (among other places) had important consequences in geological theory and practice. Desmarest emerges as a figure of intriguing complexity and refined methodological convictions, defying facile interpretation in terms of, for instance, a simple polarity between vulcanism and neptunism. Widening his inquiry beyond Desmarest, Professor Taylor also endeavors to recover key elements of the presuppositions and thought-patterns of Enlightenment geologists, and to discern how geological investigation worked during this formative period. In the era that modern geological science was beginning to take form, many of the participants are seen as struggling to define their scientific objectives and procedures by drawing from the competing frameworks of physique or natural philosophy, descriptive natural history, and antiquarian scholarship or developmental history. One of the articles (Reflections on Natural Laws in Eighteenth-Century Geology) appears here for the first time in English.

The majority of these collected essays date from 1992 onwards, three of them having been specially expanded for this volume. Drawing on recent archival research and new musicological theory, they investigate distinctive qualities in French opera from early opéra comique to early grand opera.'Media'is interpreted in terms of both narrative systems and practical theatre resources. One group of essays identifies narrative systems in'minuet-scenes', in the diegetic romance, and in special uses of musical motives. Another group concerns the theory and æsthetics of opera, in which uses of metaphor help us interpret audience reception. A third group focuses on orchestral and staging practices, brought together in a new theory of the'melodrama model'linking various genres from the 1780s with the world of the 1820s. French opera's relation with literature and politics is a continuing theme, explored in writings on prison scenes, Ossian, and public-private dramaturgy in grand opera. David Charlton has written widely on French music and opera topics for over 25 years. The selection of his articles presented here focuses on the period 1730-1830 when Paris was a hotbed of influential ideas in music and music theatre, with many of these ideas taken up by foreign composers. This volume assesses the French contribution to the development of Classical and Romantic styles and genres which has hitherto not received the attention it deserves.

This book presents research on geographical naming on land and sea from a wide range of standpoints on: theory and concepts, case studies and education. Space and place naming or toponymy has a long tradition in the sciences and a renewed critical interest in geography and allied disciplines including the humanities. Place: location and cartographical aspects, etymology and geo-histories so salient in past studies, are now being enhanced from a range of radical perspectives, especially in a globalizing, standardizing world with Googlization and the consequent ‘normalization'of place names, perceptions and images worldwide including those for marketing purposes. Nonetheless, there are conflicting and contesting voices. The interdisciplinary research is enhanced with authors from regional, national and international toponymy-related institutions and organizations including the UNGEGN, IGU, ICA and so forth.

Originally published as catalogue 100 of Antiquariaat FORUM in 10 issues between 1994-2002. With an extra issue with extensive indices. The impressive Catalogue, developed into a unique reference work on Children's books, is now available in three extensive and richly illustrated volumes: a milestone in the history of Children's book production. The work illustrates and mirrors the entire history of West-European education. Besides historical schoolbooks on spelling and reading exercises, on teaching methods, arithmetic, drawing, children's literature, fairy-tales, fable books, and so on, you can find your way in popular literature and chapbooks, books on sports, games and pastimes etc. All titles are expertly described, annotated and placed in their cultural-historical context. The print edition is available as a set of three volumes (9789061941392).

British Honduras (1951) examines this most neglected of the British colonies, from the early days of settlement by the logwood-cutters and buccaneers up to the post-war period. It examines the first occupation by British adventurers, consolidation by buccaneers and the early quarrels with the Spanish, up to the more recent disputes with neighbouring Central American republics. It ends with an analysis of the modern colony, its economic and commercial status and proposals for development by the British government.

'Salvatore Bono ha dedicato una vita intera di lavoro al fenomeno della pirateria. […] Da quando c'è il mare ci sono loro: ma dalla fine del Medioevo sino a tutta l'età moderna, i pirati e i corsari hanno segnato profondamente le dinamiche mediterranee.'Alessandro Vanoli Nelle acque e lungo le coste del Mediterraneo, soprattutto fra la sponda cristiana e quella musulmana, dal Cinque al Settecento imperversarono i corsari: non pirati né predoni, ma guerriglieri del mare che agivano con patenti statali. Erano in gran parte maghrebini insediati ad Algeri, Tunisi e Tripoli, ma anche l'impero ottomano aveva i suoi corsari. Le città da cui muovevano, le navi con cui operavano, le regole, le pratiche, i rituali, come veniva spartito il bottino, come era organizzato il commercio delle prede e degli schiavi: Salvatore Bono descrive gli usi della guerra corsara e ne ripercorre le vicende principali. Non manca uno sguardo alla poco conosciuta attività dei corsari italiani, francesi, maltesi e spagnoli contro gli europei.

This book challenges Voltaire's doctrine of toleration. Can a Jew be a philosopher? And if so, at what cost? It seeks to provide an organic interpretation of Voltaire's attitude towards Jews, problematising the issue against the background of his theory of toleration. To date, no monograph entirely dedicated to this theme has been written. This book attempts to provide an answer to the crucial questions that have emerged in the past fifty years through a process of reading and analysis that starts with the publication of Des Juifs (1756), and ends with the posthumous publication of the apocryphal article ‘Juifs'in the Kehl edition of the Dictionnaire Philosophique (1784).

Awarded with the 15th ILAB Breslauer Prize for Bibliography 2010. This classic can be ranked among the well-known international standard works on the subject of bookbinding. The author, Dr. Jan Storm van Leeuwen, gives in this work an elaborate general historical introduction to his subject. It also contains a general introduction to each province, as they were known in the eigteenth century, and an extensive overall picture of the towns where luxury bindings were manufactured, describing the bookbinder's workshops and binderies of each town. The historical introduction is completed with a catalogue of the approximately 2000 relevant bindings in the collections of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (National Library of the Netherlands) and its sister institution the Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum. About 1500 other bindings that the author studied over time in other collections are also described. But the most important feature of this work is that all (nearly 10.000) stamps on these bindings are represented by a picture. Never before so many bindings (3500) have been recorded, described and discussed in such detail and with the benefit of an established model and terminology. Vol. I: General historical introduction; Noord Holland Vol. IIa: Zuid Holland Vol. IIb: Zeeland, Province of Utrecht, Friesland, Province of Groningen, Drente, Overijssel, Gelderland, Noord-Brabant and Limburg; Place unknown or irrelevant and Bindings in exceptional materials Vol. III: Catalogue of bindings in the Koninklijke Bibliotheek and the Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum; List of Bindings in other collections; Overview of Rubbings important for identification; Diagrams; Books refered to with abbreviated titles; Index to the text; Index to Catalogue and List The print edition is available as a set of four volumes (9789061943693).

Die'Alten Pflichten'von 1723 geben unter anderem vor, dass die von der englischen Muttergroßloge anerkannten Freimaurerlogen Männerbünde sein müssen. Und doch haben die Frauen in der langen Geschichte der Freimaurerei eine ständig wachsende Rolle gespielt, die bis heute mit zunehmender Emanzipation der Frauen immer mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen hat. So existieren inzwischen weltweit sowohl gemischtgeschlechtliche Freimaurerlogen als auch reine Frauenlogen. Bisher fehlte offensichtlich eine deutschsprachige Schrift, die diese historische Entwicklung der femininen Freimaurerei beleuchtet. Diese Lücke soll die vorliegende Schrift ausfüllen helfen. In dieser behandelt der Autor außerdem viele'Vorläufervereine', wie Orden und andere gemischte Gesellschaften, in die erstmals auch Frauen aufgenommen wurden.

What does obscene mean? What does it have to say about the means through which meaning is produced and received in literary, artistic and, more broadly, social acts of representation and interaction? Early modern France and Europe faced these questions not only in regard to the political, religious and artistic reformations for which the Renaissance stands, but also in light of the reconfiguration of its mediasphere in the wake of the invention of the printing press. The Politics of Obscenity brings together researchers from Europe and the United States in offering scholars of early modern Europe a detailed understanding of the implications and the impact of obscene representations in their relationship to the Gutenberg Revolution which came to define Western modernity.

This volume examines the ecological consequences of European expansion as a result of land use and resource exploitation. These environmental transformations could be as dramatic as the last Ice Age, but scholars have only begun to take full measure of the changes. The articles presented here provide a map of some of the more promising directions of historical research. Major themes include biological exchange, agriculture, extraction of forest and animal resources, interactions between indigenous and European methods of exploitation, and European approaches to regulation and conservation. A useful corrective to the frontier image of Europeans conquering the wilderness, this volume provides a rich picture of the diversity of European interests and the sometimes unexpected consequences of their approaches to the land.

Tra verità e leggenda: il racconto del terrore dei mari Il fenomeno della pirateria iniziò con lo svilupparsi dei primi commerci marittimi. Dopodiché l'intera storia della navigazione – in particolare di quella commerciale – è stata stabilmente segnata dalla presenza di feroci pirati (dal greco peirân, “assalire”), armati fino ai denti e pronti ad abbordare con le proprie navi altre imbarcazioni. Di razzia in razzia, la pirateria divenne un elemento costante nella vita quotidiana degli insediamenti costieri del Mediterraneo. Le flotte di predoni segnarono le vicende di molte popolazioni, tra cui fenici, etruschi e greci, arrivando infine a contaminare il mondo romano. A seguire, salirono alla ribalta i pirati musulmani, detti anche sa­raceni e più tardi barbareschi. Ma è con la scoperta dell'America che il fenomeno assunse una portata leggendaria: nel Nuovo Mondo, tra le acque del Mar dei Caraibi, la pirateria condizionò infatti i traffici transoceanici per almeno due secoli, espandendosi nel frattempo anche a Oriente. Ieri come oggi, non esiste navigazione – neanche quella sul web – senza flotte pirata pronte al colpo grosso, in nome dell'unico vero ideale che ha ispirato fin dall'antichità tutte le canaglie dei mari: il denaro facile. Non c'è navigazione senza pirati Tra le storie presenti nel libro: L'emergenza dei pirati cilici e il rapimento di Giulio Cesare Le imprese anti-piratesche di Pompeo Magno L'epoca dei vichinghi Ascesa ottomana e avvento dei corsari barbareschi Le scorribande di Khayr al-Din, il temutissimo Barbarossa Sea dogs e pirateria al tempo di Elisabetta I bucanieri di Hispaniola e Tortuga e la fratellanza della costa Île Sainte-Marie: una succursale della pirateria caraibica nell'oceano indiano Il Jolly Roger e altre icone (e falsi miti) dei pirati dei Caraibi L'infernale Edward Teach, alias Barbanera: lo stereotipo del pirata Donne all'arrembaggio: Anne Bonny e Mary Read Lo stretto di Malacca, o il paradiso della pirateria malese La più potente di tutti: Ching Shih, l'ex prostituta che terrorizzò la Cina L'ascesa dei pirati somali, i più temuti d'inizio millennio Le opere e gli autori che hanno fatto scuola: da Stevenson a Barrie, passando per Salgari Alla conquista del grande schermo Matteo LibertiNato a Roma nel 1977, si è laureato in Storia Contemporanea alla Sa­pienza Università di Roma e ha poi conseguito un master in Storia e Storiografia multimediale. Giornalista e divulgatore storico, dirige il periodico mensile «InStoria – rivista online di storia e informazione», da lui stesso fondato nel 2005. Collabora inoltre attivamente, dal 2008, con il magazine «Focus Storia» e con altre testate del mondo Focus.

Global Perspectives in Modern Italian Culture presents a series of unexplored case studies from the sixteenth to the twentieth century, each demonstrating how travellers, scientists, Catholic missionaries, scholars and diplomats coming from the Italian peninsula contributed to understandings of various global issues during the age of early globalization. It also examines how these individuals represented different parts of the world to an Italian audience, and how deeply Italian culture drew inspiration from the increasing knowledge of world ‘Otherness'. The first part of the book focuses on the production of knowledge, drawing on texts written by philosophers, scientists, historians and numerous other first-hand eyewitnesses. The second part analyses the dissemination and popularization of knowledge by focussing on previously understudied published works and initiatives aimed at learned Italian readers and the general public. Written in a lively and engaging manner, this book will appeal to scholars and students of early modern and modern European history, as well as those interested in global history.

Early Modern Knowledge Societies as Affective Economies researches the development of knowledge economies in Early Modern Europe. Starting with the Southern and Northern Netherlands as important early hubs for marketing knowledge, it analyses knowledge economies in the dynamics of a globalizing world.The book brings together scholars and perspectives from history, art history, material culture, book history, history of science and literature to analyse the relationship between knowledge and markets. How did knowledge grow into a marketable product? What knowledge about markets was available in this period, and how did it develop? By connecting these questions the authors show how knowledge markets operated, not only economically but also culturally, through communication and affect. Knowledge societies are analysed as affective communities, spaces and practices. Compelling case studies describe the role of emotions such as hope, ambition, desire, love, fascination, adventure and disappointment – on driving merchants, contractors and consumers to operate in the market of knowledge. In so doing, the book offers innovative perspectives on the development of knowledge markets and the valuation of knowledge.Introducing the reader to different perspectives on how knowledge markets operated from both an economic and cultural perspective, this book will be of great use to students, graduates and scholars of early modern history, economic history, the history of emotions and the history of the Low Countries.

Although there is a rich historiography on Enlightenment Tuscany in Italian as well as French and German, the principle Anglophone works are Eric Cochrane's Tradition and Enlightenment in the Tuscan Academies (1961) and his Enlightenment Florence in the Forgotten Centuries (1973). It is high time to revisit the Tuscan Enlightenment. This volume brings together an international group of scholars with the goal of putting to rest the idea that Florence ceased to be interesting after the Renaissance. Indeed, it is partly the explicit dialogue between Renaissance and Enlightenment that makes eighteenth-century Tuscany so interesting. This enlightened age looked to the past. It began the Herculean project of collecting, editing, and publishing many of the manuscripts that today form the bedrock of any serious study of Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Machiavelli, Vasari, Galileo, and other Tuscan writers. This was an age of public libraries, projects of cultural restoration, and the emergence of the Uffizi as a public art gallery, complemented by a science museum in Peter Leopold's reign whose relics can still be visited in the Museo Galileo and La Specola.

Aux Indes, tout grand évènement est l'occasion de festivités. Il s'agit souvent de fêtes religieuses, mais aussi des fêtes liées à des évènements importants. Elles répondent souvent au besoin d'amusements collectifs, de défoulement et sont aussi la marque d'une union avec une monarchie lointaine. Avec la colonisation, les fêtes prennent une forme semblable à celle que l'on connaît en Europe avec des nuances mais les anciens rituels du Nouveau Monde ne disparaissent pas, pour autant, brutalement.

Since its launch in 1987, the History of Cartography series has garnered critical acclaim and sparked a new generation of interdisciplinary scholarship. Cartography in the European Enlightenment, the highly anticipated fourth volume, offers a comprehensive overview of the cartographic practices of Europeans, Russians, and the Ottomans, both at home and in overseas territories, from 1650 to 1800. The social and intellectual changes that swept Enlightenment Europe also transformed many of its mapmaking practices. A new emphasis on geometric principles gave rise to improved tools for measuring and mapping the world, even as large-scale cartographic projects became possible under the aegis of powerful states. Yet older mapping practices persisted: Enlightenment cartography encompassed a wide variety of processes for making, circulating, and using maps of different types. The volume's more than four hundred encyclopedic articles explore the era's mapping, covering topics both detailed—such as geodetic surveying, thematic mapping, and map collecting—and broad, such as women and cartography, cartography and the economy, and the art and design of maps. Copious bibliographical references and nearly one thousand full-color illustrations complement the detailed entries.

This book has been nominated for The Mountbatten Award for Best Book in the Maritime Media Awards 2021.The Routledge Companion to Marine and Maritime Worlds, 1400‒1800 explores early modern maritime history, culture, and the current state of the research and approaches taken by experts in the field.Ranging from cartography to poetry and decorative design to naval warfare, the book shows how once-traditional and often Euro-chauvinistic depictions of oceanic ‘mastery'during the early modern period have been replaced by newer global ideas. This comprehensive volume challenges underlying assumptions by balancing its assessment of the consequences and accomplishments of European navigators in the era of Columbus, da Gama, and Magellan, with an awareness of the sophistication and maritime expertise in Asia, the Arab world, and the Americas. By imparting riveting new stories and global perceptions of maritime history and culture, the contributors provide readers with fresh insights concerning early modern entanglements between humans and the vast, unpredictable ocean.With maritime studies growing and the ocean's health in decline, this volume is essential reading for academics and students interested in the historicization of the ocean and the ways early modern cultures both conceptualized and utilized seas.

Les deux dernières décennies ont vu une remise en perspective de l'histoire des techniques et de leur transmission, selon des points de vue locaux autant qu'intercontinentaux. Ce volume rassemble quelques exemples des recherches actuelles menées autour de la question des transferts techniques depuis la préhistoire jusqu'à l'époque contemporaine, au sein de l'ensemble euro-asiatique. Ils offrent divers éclairages sur la manière dont peuvent s'exprimer les conditions nécessaires à un transfert de technique ou de savoir-faire, sur le rôle et le déroulement des processus d'adaptation, d'analogie, d'imitation et sur la façon dont on peut évaluer l'influence de l'adoption ou du refus d'emprunt sur une société humaine.

L'histoire porte sur Louis XVI un jugement qui reste très souvent négatif, véhiculant la légende d'un roi mou et incapable, fuyant ses responsabilités au profit d'activités manuelles jugées indignes d'un monarque. Ces a priori ont occulté le fait que, loin d'être le benêt de la caricature, Louis XVI possédait une éducation et une culture étonnantes. Passionné de géographie, il a été l'instigateur de l'expédition Lapérouse. Les après-midi de Louis XVI nous révèle un autre visage du roi, à la lumière de ses activités scientifiques et artistiques mais aussi humaines et sociales.

Cet ouvrage présente de façon chronologique et détaillée l'histoire de ce pays d'Afrique centrale tout en la mettant en lien avec les grands évènements historiques à l'échelle de la planète. L'ouvrage insiste en particulier sur des périodes encore méconnues de l'histoire gabonaise, à savoir celle précédant les premiers contacts avec les Européens et celle allant de 1472 à 1964.

This title was first published in 2002. When did Africa emerge as a continent in the European mind? This book aims to trace the origins of the idea of Africa and its evolution in Renaissance thought. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the process of acquiring knowledge through travel and exploration, and its representation within a discourse which also includes previously acquired cosmographical elements. Among the themes investigated are: How did the image of Africa evolve from the conception of a symbolic space to a Euclidean representation? How did the Renaissance rediscovery of Antiquity interact with the Portuguese discoveries along the African coast? And once Africa was circumnavigated, how was the inner landmass depicted in the absence of first-hand knowledge? Also, overall, in this whole process what was the interplay of myth and reality?

'…Appena avean passata la Corsica, che scuoprano tre legni con Bandiera Francese, ai quali il capitano credendoli amici, s'accosta. Ma, ahimè; qual improvviso cangiamento inaspettato! Fu tutto un punto il calare le insegne francesi, l'innalberare lo stendardo algerino, e il vedersi intorno attorniato da più d'ottocento barbareschi'(Giuseppe Albertazzi, in viaggio su un bastimento genovese diretto in Spagna nel 1760) Nelle acque e lungo le coste del Mediterraneo, soprattutto fra la sponda cristiana e quella musulmana, dal Cinque al Settecento imperversarono i corsari: non pirati né predoni, ma guerriglieri del mare che agivano con patenti statali. Erano in gran parte maghrebini insediati ad Algeri, Tunisi e Tripoli, ma anche l'impero ottomano aveva i suoi corsari. Le città da cui muovevano, le navi con cui operavano, le regole, le pratiche, i rituali, come veniva spartito il bottino, come era organizzato il commercio delle prede e degli schiavi: il libro descrive gli usi della guerra corsara e ne ripercorre le vicende principali, con uno sguardo alla poco conosciuta attività dei corsari europei (italiani, francesi, maltesi, spagnoli) contro gli stessi europei.

Post-mortems may have become a staple of our TV viewing, but the long history of this practice is still little known. This book provides a fresh account of the dissections that took place across early modern Europe on those who had died of a disease or in unclear circumstances. Drawing on different approaches and on sources as varied as notes taken at the dissection table, legal records and learned publications, the chapters explore how autopsies informed the understanding of pathology of all those involved. With a broad geography, including Rome, Amsterdam and Geneva, the book recaptures the lost worlds of physicians, surgeons, patients, families and civic authorities as they used corpses to understand diseases and make sense of suffering. The evidence from post-mortems was not straightforward, but between 1500 and 1750 medical practitioners rose to the challenge, proposing various solutions to the difficulties they encountered and creating a remarkable body of knowledge. The book shows the scope and diversity of this tradition and how laypeople contributed their knowledge and expectations to the wide-ranging exchanges stimulated by the opening of bodies.

Reading Newton in Early Modern Europe investigates how Sir Isaac Newton's Principia was read, interpreted and remodelled for a variety of readerships in eighteenth-century Europe. The editors, Mordechai Feingold and Elizabethanne Boran, have brought together papers which explore how, when, where and why the Principia was appropriated by readers in Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, England and Ireland. Particular focus is laid on the methods of transmission of Newtonian ideas via university textbooks and popular works written for educated laymen and women. At the same time, challenges to the Newtonian consensus are explored by writers such as Marius Stan and Catherine Abou-Nemeh who examine Cartesian and Leibnizian responses to the Principia. Eighteenth-century attempts to remodel Newton as a heretic are explored by Feingold, while William R. Newman draws attention to vital new sources highlighting the importance of alchemy to Newton. Contributors are: Catherine Abou-Nemeh, Claudia Addabbo, Elizabethanne Boran, Steffen Ducheyne, Moredechai Feingold, Sarah Hutton, Juan Navarro-Loidi, William R. Newman, Luc Peterschmitt, Anna Marie Roos, Marius Stan, and Gerhard Wiesenfeldt.

Translated from the manuscript journal of his travels in the India Office by Lady Fawcett, and edited by Sir Charles Fawcett with the assistance of Sir Richard Burn. The main pagination of the volumes is continuous, but each has its own Introduction. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volumes first published in 1947and 1948.

Ce livre présente une George Sand inattendue, débarrassée de l'ombre de Musset et de celle de Chopin. Entièrement basé sur sa correspondance et ses agendas, il nous fait pénétrer dans sa vie quotidienne, ses lectures au jour le jour, son goût pour le jeu, ses soucis d'argent pour brosser le portrait d'une femme moderne, à la curiosité insatiable, au coeur de la société de son temps. La période, volontairement choisie, de sa vie avec le graveur Alexandre Manceau (1849-1865) la révèle dans toute sa richesse.

In recent decades historians have studied several new aspects of early modern naval history and placed it in a wider context than traditional studies of naval warfare. This volume brings together 23 studies on naval technology, policy-making and administration, tactics, strategy, operations and warfare on trade. They provide new insights and new ideas for further studies.

Dans ce premier recueil d'articles issus des travaux de l'équipe de partenariat « Textes missionnaires dans l'espace francophone », les auteurs scrutent cet univers bien particulier de la rencontre, sous l'Ancien Régime, selon les modalités de l'écriture et de sa transmission. De l'analyse de modèles de représentation et de dialogue aux prémices de l'acculturation, de la réception et de la réécriture des textes missionnaires à l'élaboration de stratégies de conversion, de l'édification à la satire, de la mise en mémoire à l'oubli, nos démarches visent à comprendre, grâce au texte, les éléments et la dynamique de ce qui a constitué, pour le meilleur ou pour le pire, cet univers religieux de la mission qui se développa parallèlement à ce que nous appelons aujourd'hui la francophonie.

Leading historians of the French, Batavian, Helvetic, Cisalpine and Neapolitan revolutions bridge the gap between the historiographies of the so-called'Sister'Republics. They explore political culture as a set of discourses or political practices. Parliamentary practices, the comparability of'universal'political concepts, late-eighteenth century Republicanism, the relationship between press and politics, and the interaction between the Sister Republics and France are studied from a comparative, transnational perspective.

Dieser zweite Band der umfassenden Sammlung der Briefe des Philosophen, Bildungsreformers, Linguisten und Freundes der Weimarer Klassik umfasst rund 150 Briefe, die die vier ersten Ehejahre des soeben aus dem Staatsdienst Ausgeschiedenen dokumentieren, die er zunächst in ländlicher Zurückgezogenheit seinen Studien lebend, im letzten Jahr in täglichem Umgang mit Schiller in Jena verbringt. Hauptthemen sind Staatstheorie (Vorarbeiten zur großen Abhandlung zur Eingrenzung staatlicher Autorität: Briefe an Gentz), Griechisch-Studien (Homer, gemeinsame Lektüre mit Frau Karoline, metrisch treue Pindar-Übersetzungen: an F. A. Wolf), Ästhetik (an Chr. G. Körner). Die zahlreichen Briefe an den „Berliner“ Freund, den schwedischen Diplomaten C. G. v. Brinkman, runden die Diskussion ab. In diesem Zeitraum beginnt auch die Korrespondenz mit Schiller und Goethe.

As the meeting point between Europe, colonial America, and Africa, the history of the Atlantic world is a constantly shifting arena, but one which has been a focus of huge and vibrant debate for many years. In over thirty chapters, all written by experts in the field, The Atlantic World takes up these debates and gathers together key, original scholarship to provide an authoritative survey of this increasingly popular area of world history. The book takes a thematic approach to topics including exploration, migration and cultural encounters. In the first chapters, scholars examine the interactions between groups which converged in the Atlantic world, such as slaves, European migrants and Native Americans. The volume then considers questions such as finance, money and commerce in the Atlantic world, as well as warfare, government and religion. The collection closes with chapters examining how ideas circulated across and around the Atlantic and beyond. It presents the Atlantic as a shared space in which commodities and ideas were exchanged and traded, and examines the impact that these exchanges had on both people and places. Including an introductory essay from the editors which defines the field, and lavishly illustrated with paintings, drawings and maps this accessible volume is invaluable reading for all students and scholars of this broad sweep of world history.